How to make heating in your house yourself. How to heat a private house or apartment

In this article we will figure out step by step how to install heating in a private house, we will look at different types of heating boilers and radiators. The article also contains detailed instructions on choosing heating pipes.

Just a few decades ago, the only type of home heating was stoves, which was explained by the cheapness of solid fuels and the lack of access to other energy sources. In a relatively short time, heating systems have developed very much and so many varieties have appeared that the owner of the house may have the agonies of choosing exactly the option that suits him best.

Types of energy sources and factors determining their choice

The main factor influencing the correct choice of a heating system is the presence of a nearby accessible fuel or source of energy, which will later be converted into the heat we need. What is currently used by humanity?

Solid fuel

Types of solid fuel

Solid fuel has been used by humans as a source of energy since ancient times. They may be:

• Firewood or any type of timber, including wood waste. This is the longest used type of fuel, which has not lost its relevance to this day. Its modern types can also be included in the same category: pellets or fuel briquettes (eurowood), for the production of which dried and compressed wood waste is used. Due to the low moisture content of these products, manufacturers assure that their calorific value is 2-3 times higher than traditional firewood.
• Coal produces more heat when burned than wood, but it produces a significant amount of slag, which requires periodic cleaning and removal. To ignite coal you will need the same wood fuel.
• Peat in its pure form is no longer used for fuel, so manufacturers offer so-called peat briquettes, where the raw material is thoroughly dried and then pressed into a form convenient for transportation and storage. Naturally, the calorific value of such briquettes is much higher than that of natural peat.

Fireplaces and stoves

The very first sources of thermal energy were ordinary fires, and then fireplaces and stoves appeared, where there was already at least some control over the combustion of solid fuel. And it’s too early to consign this type of heating to the dustbin of history. If we are talking about a private house where people appear periodically and do not live permanently (for example, a summer house), then a fireplace or stove would be an ideal option. Craftsmen have developed many wonderful projects in which. In such houses, owners with such stoves can simultaneously enjoy an open flame, heat the premises and cook food.

A stove combined with a fireplace is an excellent option for heating a country house

For detailed information, read the article on our website.

Solid fuel boilers

In order to transfer energy to the coolant, which is most often water, there are special solid fuel boilers; for a long time they were undeservedly relegated to the background, thanks to the victorious march of gas boilers. But recently, against the backdrop of the constant rise in prices of basic energy resources: electricity, gas and various types of liquid fuels, they are gaining a rebirth. Let us list the main advantages of solid fuel boilers:

• Solid fuel boilers have the lowest cost of generated thermal energy: one kilowatt of energy produced by them in 4 timescheaper,howat burning natural gas, at least 8 times cheaper,howat combustion of diesel fuel and 17 times cheaper than heat generated by an electric boiler.
• Most modern solid fuel boilers do not require an electrical connection; their automation is non-volatile. Therefore, it is beneficial to operate them where there is no gas supply, there are frequent interruptions or there is no electricity supply. It should be noted that for complete autonomy with a solid fuel boiler, you should design a heating system with natural circulation and an open expansion tank.
• Modern long-burning models are practically “omnivorous” - they accept any type of solid fuel, including various combustible wastes. They only require cleaning and maintenance once or twice a day. Thanks to the conditions created in them, fuel combustion occurs most completely, therefore there is much less ash and slag in them.

But solid fuel boilers are not flawless, and therefore have a number of disadvantages:

• Even with “advanced” automation, this type of boiler requires human participation to clean and add a new portion of fuel. Pellet boilers are partially devoid of this drawback, in which the supply from the bunker to the combustion chamber occurs automatically, but they also require periodic cleaning, and the cost is still high.
• Solid fuel boilers are large in size and require a separate room for themselves and for storing fuel, as well as a chimney that can withstand high temperatures.
• These types of boilers have a very high thermal inertia and can generate excess heat for heating, so it is advisable to equip them with water heat accumulator, and this greatly affects the overall cost of the heating system.

Nevertheless, solid fuel boilers will be used by humanity for a very long time, since they operate on renewable fuels, which cannot be said about hydrocarbons, whose reserves are depleted and their prices are constantly rising. In private homes, their use is justified only where there is no gas supply or where there is a source of solid fuel at a very low price.

It looks attractive: the manufacturer claims that one load of coal will last up to 130 hours, briquettes – up to 72 hours, firewood – up to 31 hours. Moreover, initially, Lithuanian boilers for our market are now manufactured in St. Petersburg, although this mainly only affects the price.

• Versatility
• Long-term work on one load, especially on briquettes

• Inconvenient to clean and load
• Bright yellow body - dirt is clearly visible
• Steel, not cast iron

Prices for solid fuel boiler Stropuva S40U

Cast iron and simple as a hammer - what more do you need from a classic solid fuel boiler? But the Italians did not spare cast iron - the boiler weighs 350 kg. Power with coal reaches 45 kilowatts, with wood – up to 40. So even with low-quality fuel there is a decent reserve.

• Durability
• Easy to load and clean

• Requires major floor reinforcement

Prices for solid fuel boiler Sime SOLIDA EV 5

In terms of efficiency, the boiler turned out to be not very successful: 71.65% for coal, and 63.15% for wood. There are also more efficient solid fuel boilers on our market. But at the same time, the heat exchanger is strong and durable; solid fuel Protherm (unlike its gas counterparts) performs well in operation.

• Reliable cast iron heat exchanger

• Not the longest burning time

The main advantage of a private house is that there is complete independence from various utilities. At the same time, they should be, but much more efficient than what utilities offer today. Probably the most important thing is that in your home the heating season can begin when you wish and end when it is convenient for you. But how it will take place is also important. And below we will look at how to arrange the heating of a private house with your own hands, we will offer videos and diagrams that will help you master all stages of this important process.

	Types of heating boilers: gas, electric, coal, combined.
	Types of heating systems and their installation: air heating, water heating, steam heating, electric heating.
	Warm floors in a private house.
	Combined heating.

You can’t just buy a heating system in a store and install it in your home. Of course, all its components are sold on the market or in a store, but you definitely won’t be able to get by with just one set. To create a heating system for a private home with your own hands, first of all, you must know:

• How will the house be heated?
• What energy carrier should be used in the system?

Designing a heating system is one of the most important stages in the communications of a private home. After this, it is necessary to perform a lot of calculations to determine the required number of heating radiators and pipes. All this must meet each other in different parameters.

First of all, you must decide which boiler can heat the house.

What types of heating boilers are there?

I would like it to be warm in a private home, and that it can be achieved with minimal human intervention. For this reason, a heating boiler should be purchased based on which type of fuel is best suited for its uninterrupted operation.

Boilers can be:

• electrical;

• gas;

• coal;

• combined.

Attention! All modern boiler models are more or less economical, operate without any noise, are small in size, and are easy to maintain. However, all boilers, even coal boilers, require electricity to start.

A gas boiler

If there is gas in the house, this is the most inexpensive and easiest way to heat your home. Modern models of gas boilers operate silently, are designed for a specific power, can be double-circuit, which means they are capable of both heating and providing housing with hot water.

Electric boiler

With the help of electricity, you can heat a large space in an environmentally friendly and efficient manner. Moreover, the power range of boilers that should be used in private homes can vary from 4 to 300 kW.

The main advantages of such boilers:

• they can heat up to 300 m2 of housing, and they are located on two or even three floors;
• they do not require special ventilation and a chimney;
• they do not pollute or emit anything;
• differ in compact sizes.

Some disadvantages:

• Requires powerful electrical wiring in a three-phase network and stable voltage.
• Heating costs can be quite expensive.

Like all powerful modern boilers, electric boilers not only heat living space, but are also used to heat water.

Coal boiler

Solid fuel boilers are quite efficient. Their operation is based on the operating principle of Kolpakov furnaces. It is as follows: an already heated boiler requires fuel to maintain a stable coolant temperature (once a day). These devices are characterized by high efficiency, close to 100%.

Modern coal boilers are made floor-standing. They are quite compact in size. Their body does not heat up during operation.

Main advantages:

• you can burn not just coal, but also wood, including waste that burns (sawdust, paper, peat);
• high power;
• small sizes;
• inexpensive type of fuel.

Main disadvantages:

• modern solid fuel boiler models can be effective, but their main drawback is dirt during their operation (you need to find a place to store coal and dispose of burnt ash);
• They take quite a long time to warm up (to achieve high power, at least 30 minutes must pass after the fuel ignites);
• a well-designed chimney is important;
• You cannot fill in more coal than the combustion chamber can accommodate, otherwise the fuel may “stack up” (become a monolithic structure that cannot be turned, reached, or broken).

Attention! Preparing for the heating season with a solid fuel boiler directly depends on the homeowner. Whether the house will be warm depends on what and how much fuel he buys.

Combination boilers

It’s not that these boilers are inefficient, it’s just that their efficiency is no more than 90%. There can only be one combination here - gas and solid fuel.

Such heating units are used when the house is built and you plan to supply gas, but next winter. For this reason, owners prefer to purchase a coal-fuel boiler and heat it with solid fuel the first winter.

The transition from one fuel to another occurs by changing burners. This is quite easy and can be done fairly quickly.

Each boiler is part of the heating system, although it will not be very important. Its choice, namely the characteristics, should be based on what kind of energy carrier will circulate in the system.

What are the types of heating systems?

Today, six main types of heating systems can be used in a private home:

• air heating (in this case, the energy carrier is hot air);

• water heating (water circulates through the pipes, which has been heated to the required temperature);

• electric (the home is heated using electric heating elements);

• steam (steam circulates through pipes);

• combined heating (there can be a variety of options);

• warm floor.

Each of them has its advantages, but there are also some disadvantages.

Water heating in a private house

The most affordable, simple, and does not require special operating conditions is water heating. Its operating principle is as follows: it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of batteries and decide on the choice of a powerful boiler. You need to pour water into the finished system and there is no need to drain it at the end of the season.

It should be noted that water for the heating system in a private house can only be filtered (while in central networks it is additionally softened), so it is important to choose batteries more carefully.

This system is the easiest to maintain. Water circulation in it can occur in two ways:

• by gravity;
• using a pump.

Be that as it may, a do-it-yourself water heating system in a private house can be of an exclusively closed type.

Features of forced water circulation

A centrifugal or circulator pump is installed in a water heating system. Its main task is to supply water to and from the boiler (when heating) once at a certain interval.

Modern heating systems have automated this process. For this reason, human intervention to start the pump and control the temperature is absolutely unnecessary. The forced energy system makes it possible to efficiently heat a private house with several floors.

Natural water circulation

This method of moving water through the system is used extremely rarely today. It is built on the elementary laws of physics, where cold and warm waters move due to different weights. Water can flow by gravity in a system where all pipes are at a slight slope. Natural circulation of water is justified in one-story houses.

Any of the above boilers can operate in a water heating system.

Installation of a water heating system in a private house

It is necessary to make accurate calculations of the number of batteries and pipes. All this is done taking into account the area of ​​​​the room that needs to be heated. All boilers, except electric ones, will require a chimney.

The heating system of a private house can be:

• with two pipes (feed and processing);

• with one pipe (supply of heated water by the boiler).

To begin with, the radiators are placed in the right place according to the level. You can watch our video on how to install and select them.

The next stage is pipe installation. Nowadays, using metal pipes is quite troublesome and unprofitable, but you can easily install polypropylene pipes with your own hands.

Thick-walled polypropylene pipes are used for heating. They are laid throughout all rooms (so that they can move freely from one to another, you need to make holes in the walls slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes). They are connected in the right places using special welding.

Installation of a two-pipe system

A pipe runs from the boiler to the expansion tank. The boiler should be installed on the first floor of the house, and the boiler on the second or simply above the boiler level.

After the boiler, the hot water is directed to the boiler. Two pipes come out of it: up with cooled water, down with heated water. In each room, pipes are connected to batteries.

Installation of a one-pipe system

To install a heating system in this way, fewer pipes will be needed. The system can only be with top wiring. It is perfect for small private houses with attics. The batteries are connected in series. Therefore, each next one will be a little colder.

The system must have:

• extended tank;
• boiler;
• water purification filters;
• batteries;
• perhaps a pump.

Attention! Setting the temperature in a home with such a system is very problematic. One disconnected battery can bring the entire system to a standstill.

As soon as you decide on the type of system, circulation diagram and pipe routing, you need to draw on paper a diagram of the water heating of the house indicating the location of the boiler, batteries, shut-off valves, fittings, and other additional equipment (hydraulic storage or expansion tank, circulation pump, safety unit, filter etc.).

You also need to measure and draw on the diagram the distance between them, the diagram and the diameter of the wiring. Moreover, such schemes should be developed for each room of the house and separately one general scheme for the entire house. Compiling them will not cause you any difficulties, and during installation everything will be simple and clear: what is installed and where, connection methods.

DIY installation of water heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Installation of such heating includes the following steps:

• Installation of one or more heating boilers.

• Battery installation.

• Pipe routing.

• Installation of necessary additional equipment.

• Connecting all elements into a single system using soldering (welding), wiring and fittings.

Boiler installation

The installation of a heating boiler is always chosen based on the maximum simplification of pipe distribution around the house and their minimum consumption. Moreover, when installing an electric or gas boiler, you need to take into account the location of the future or existing electrical or gas pipeline entry.

When choosing a place to install a stove with a water circuit or a solid fuel boiler, the determining factor is the possibility of installing a chimney in a certain place in the house.

The installation height of the boilers is of fundamental importance for water heating with natural circulation. In this case, the lower the “processing” input into the boiler, the better. The best option for a solid fuel boiler would be to place it on the ground floor of the house or in the basement. With stove water heating, it is also necessary that the firebox with the heat exchanger located in it (coil, register) be located as low as possible.

Installation of heating radiators

Typically, radiators are located at the entrance to the room or under the windows. Their installation is carried out depending on their size and type of mounting. The greater the weight of the heating radiator, the more reliable the fastening should be.

The batteries are installed horizontally with slight indentations from the floor (60 mm) and from the window sill - 100 mm. It would be good if you install taps (steam fittings), an automatic air valve and a regulator on each radiator. Shut-off valves will be needed to disconnect the radiator from the heating system. The air valve automatically bleeds air from the radiator, both when starting the heating system and during its operation.

Pipe routing and installation of additional equipment

As a rule, pipe routing begins from the heating boiler, in accordance with the previously drawn up installation diagram, and using the necessary fittings (tees, angles, connectors, adapters, etc.). All types of pipes differ in their installation and wiring features.

The wiring can be of an open type, when the heating pipes remain visible, or hidden, when it is laid in special grooves or niches and, after installation, is sealed with putty or plaster.

Along with the pipework, the batteries are connected and additional equipment for water heating of the house is installed. In closed heating systems with forced circulation, this means installing a circulation pump, a filter, a hydraulic storage tank, and a safety unit (pressure gauge, safety and air valves). In open heating systems with natural circulation, this is an expansion tank installed at the highest point of water heating.

Typically, in open systems with forced circulation, the expansion tank is installed in front of the circulation pump and fixed at the maximum height (in the attic or under the ceiling).

Air heating

This heating method is now quite in demand. Air heating implies the presence in each room of special ventilation ducts or heaters through which hot air enters. Such devices are located on the ceiling or walls.

There are three types of air heating:

• central;
• local;
• curtains of air.

Local heating

This method of heating a home cannot be classified as full-fledged heating, but be that as it may, it can be of high quality. To do this, you need to install heat guns or fan heaters in each room and enjoy the warmth. There will be heat in the room only if the doors are closed.

The heat fan is installed in the room, but you can install it in the wall as part of the central air heating.

Central heating at home

Systems where hot air is supplied centrally to the house can be:

• with full recirculation;
• with direct-flow recirculation;
• with partial recirculation.

As a rule, ventilation ducts are located above the suspended ceiling, leaving holes through which hot air will enter the room.

All this can be done in the walls, if the space allows you to take away a certain part in order to hide the pipes.

Air curtains

Devices that resemble air conditioners should be installed next to or above the entrance doors. A stream of warm air comes out of the curtain, blocking the cold air entering the room when the door is opened. Such a curtain in a private house can be installed only at the entrance, provided that the doors are often opened.

Making air heating in a private house with your own hands will be more expensive than water heating. Any boiler (usually gas or electric) can heat air.

The advantages of such a heating system:

• The circulation of warm air is always carried out after its filtration is completed.
• There is a constant flow of fresh air in the house, since the system takes it from the street.
• Possibility of installing a drip humidifier.

Flaws:

• High cost of installation.
• Inability to install the system in the house.

DIY installation of air heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Do-it-yourself air heating of a country house requires the presence of the following equipment:

• heat generator;
• air vents;
• decorative grilles;
• fan;
• hoses for air intake from outside the house.

Main stages of installation

Do-it-yourself aerial equipment goes through several stages:

• installation of heat exchanger and boiler;

• fan installation;

• installation, distribution of air ducts;

• insulation of supply and return channels;

• creating a hole in the wall of the building for air intake and installing the hose.

Air heating of a private house begins with the installation of a boiler. It is usually installed in the basement. It is prohibited to connect the boiler to the gas main, as you need to call a specialist. You can make a chimney from a sheet of tin. The upper part of the heat exchanger is fixed with the supply air vent, and a fan is mounted directly under the combustion chamber. Then a return pipe is connected to it from the outside, after which the first stage can be considered complete.

The wiring process always begins with the connection of flexible air vents to the supply channel main. They usually have a round cross-section. Then they make a return air vent, the diameter of which is larger, but such a channel will have fewer outlets than the supply one.

To prevent condensation from forming in the sleeve, it should be insulated. Then a throttle valve is installed in the pipe, with the help of which the process of regulating the amount of fresh air entering is carried out. When the system is installed, it makes sense to hide all the wires and pipes with plasterboard boxes, giving the room greater aesthetics.

Electric heating

This heating is based on the presence of an electric convector in each room. The more modern the device, the more functions it has. For example, this could be a temperature controller. It can be automatic: you yourself set the temperature at which the convector turns off, and when it decreases it turns on.

Advantages of electric heating:

• speed of installation;
• ease of use;
• possibility of placing convectors between rooms.

Flaws:

• availability of a good electrical network;
• high energy costs.

This heating will be justified only as a temporary option, and where other types of fuel are not available.

Steam heating

Its operating principle is exactly the same as in a water system. The only difference is that steam circulates through the pipes. This type of heating is used in private homes. Its principle of operation and installation is exactly the same as with air circulation.

You can heat a room in this way using special boilers that work together with a device that produces steam. The system must have filters that prepare the water before it turns into a gaseous state.

Such a system for a private home has many more disadvantages than advantages:

• quite expensive installation (considering the special boiler and filters);
• operation of the system can be dangerous (if a battery or pipe bursts, a person nearby may be burned).

The advantages include energy savings and the heating speed of the entire heating system.

Do-it-yourself installation of electric heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Electric boilers are divided into wall-mounted and floor-mounted according to the installation method. An important advantage of such a boiler is that no additional room is required for its installation. Moreover, it is convenient to carry and easy to dismantle.

Installation is carried out in the shortest possible time. The device is installed in houses with an area of ​​up to 500 m2.

It should be noted that you can install an electric boiler yourself, and you will not need a large number of approvals (only permission from Energonadzor).

The boiler is attached to the wall with anchor bolts or dowels. The device must hang level, in a horizontal or vertical plane (depending on the specific model).

Typically, floor-standing boilers are installed on special stands, and ball valves are used to shut off the water. An important point: when connecting the boiler, the water in the heating system must be turned off.

Having connected the boiler to the heating system, we begin to work with the electrical part. You will need installation, a circuit breaker, and grounding.

The cross-section of the wires is selected with full consideration of the recommendations from the manufacturer and in strict accordance with the power of the device. Having connected the boiler to the power supply, you need to fill the system with water and then check its operation.

Warm floor system

Warm floors are often installed on the ground floor of a private house. However, the best way to transmit heat is through ceramic tiles. Therefore, the installation of such a system, where parquet, laminate or linoleum is used as flooring, is impractical, since they are characterized by low heat conductivity.

The essence of these systems is the same - heat will penetrate into the room immediately, but the installation, as well as the principle of operation, are different.

Water heated floor

Pipes that are connected to a common water heating system are laid on a flat surface on a special substrate that does not allow heat to escape downwards.

Installation of a water heated floor with your own hands: video, diagrams

1. Preparatory stage.

Before installing underfloor heating, you need to prepare a flat and solid base. It consists of steam or waterproofing, insulation and cement-sand screed.

Moreover, the room must be equipped with doors and windows and must have plastered walls, marked connections for sewer, heating and water pipelines.

1. Preparing the floor slab.

If you are installing a heated floor on a reinforced concrete floor slab, then first lay a layer of hydro- or vapor barrier on it. They use coating waterproofing based on bitumen or adhesive using fiberglass, roofing felt, fiberglass, which are also glued with compounds containing bitumen.

As a vapor barrier, you can use polyethylene tiles, the thickness of which should be at least 0.2 mm or other similar materials. Both vapor and waterproofing must protect the insulation from moisture, which can form as a result of condensation during the interaction of cold earth and a warm floor slab.

Pasted waterproofing or vapor barrier from film is carried out by laying strips of material with an overlap of 10-15 cm. If film is used, then you need to fasten the edges of the panels with tape. They are fixed with bitumen compounds. Each type of insulation is placed on vertical surfaces above the insulation and glued to the walls of the house.

1. Preparing the soil base.

Often, individual houses are built without floor slabs, when basements are not installed. In this case, preparation is carried out from crushed stone and sand in layers, with a layer height of within 10 cm. Moreover, each layer is moistened and compacted.

Then the area of ​​the room where you plan to install the water floor is filled with concrete mixture. For reliability, you can lay reinforcement mesh.

The surface must be horizontal, for which a building level is used. Concrete is poured along lighthouse slats, which, in addition to maintaining horizontality, serve as expansion joints. According to building rules and regulations, horizontal differences of no more than 1 cm are allowed.

1. Insulation.

Thermal insulation is an important link in the system of such a floor. It should block heat from accessing hot water pipes to the lower zone of the underground space - to the basement or ground, and, accordingly, vice versa, direct heat upward into the living space.

Attention! How profitable the heating will be depends on the correctly selected material to provide thermal insulation and its thickness.

The thickness of such an insulating layer is calculated based on:

• climate features;
• data on wall material;
• groundwater level – spruce floor slab is missing;
• volume of the room where the heated floor is installed.

The thickness of the insulating layer on which floors are screeded above a cold basement or soil foundation, according to the standards, should be from 50 mm. For floor slabs it may be less.

Expanded polystyrene, which is covered with foil on one side, is usually used as insulation. When using it, some inconvenience may arise, since the pipes must be secured using improvised means, for example, clips or clamps.

Today, the market offers a huge number of polystyrene foam boards, the installation of which is carried out with better quality and faster. Their design provides for reliable fastening to each other due to locking devices. As a result, a strong, continuous and even base is created.

This material is covered with a vapor barrier in the form of a polystyrene film and is characterized by high density. Moreover, in the body of the slabs there are special channels into which heating pipes are laid.

When installing them, a tape measure or other measuring tools are not required, since there are linear markings on their edges. Thus, installation can be carried out much faster. Therefore, such slabs have enough advantages for you to choose them.

It is important to lay polystyrene foam boards over the floor area, and not just where underfloor heating pipes pass. This will be the key to the high strength of the concrete screed, as well as the reliability of the entire heating system.

Electric heated floor

It is easy to install. Ready-made mats are laid on the surface, and a minimal screed is applied on top. True, you can do without it.

A cheaper option is also available. A cable must be laid on a special substrate, which is secured, and a floor covering or screed on top.

Typically, heated floors represent only part of the overall heating system.

Installation of electric heated floors with your own hands: video, diagrams

We suggest you consider installing an electric floor yourself in a private house (it is done in the same way in an apartment). You need to make sure that the wiring in the house can cope with the loads from the heating elements, and that you have automatic switches of a certain power installed.

1. Thermal insulation.

Before installing a heated floor, it is necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene foam, 20-50 mm thick. This is important if there is a cold room under the floor. Thermal insulation needs to be laid on a leveled base and for reliability it would be a good idea to lay it on a special glue.

1. Reinforcement.

Then you need to make a reinforced screed with a solution thickness of 10-20 mm. You can reinforce with either plastic or galvanized plaster mesh. Foil is placed on top of the screed to reflect infrared radiation from the heating elements.

1. Pouring the floor.

We begin installing the electric floor with our own hands and select the location of the heating cable, taking into account the arrangement of different furniture, making sure that the wires are located at a distance of up to 5 cm from the furniture. When laying the heating cable, you need to attach it to the lower base using polyurethane foam, after which it is filled with cement-sand screed or a ready-made mixture.

You can see various technological difficulties that arise during installation by studying the video of the installation of an electric heated floor with your own hands, where they will be performed by experienced craftsmen. Along with laying the cable in the thickness of the screed, a temperature control system sensor is also installed, a thermostat is installed (in one place), which allows you to regulate the floor temperature at your discretion.

Combined heating

Using combined heating in the house, you can get something like this: in some rooms, often in the bathroom, kitchen, corridors, heated floors are installed, and in the bedroom and living room there is water heating. But you can go the other way: the whole house will have water heating, and in several rooms (for example, which were completed later) - electric heating. The most profitable option is when the system has one coolant and one boiler.

After you install any of the above heating systems, you need to run the energy carrier into it and connect the boiler. To do this, we recommend inviting a specialist from the service center where the boiler was purchased. Its start-up will go smoothly, and you won’t have to expect any surprises from the heating season, and next time you won’t need the services of such a specialist.

The task of creating home heating with your own hands, although difficult, is completely solvable. There can be many reasons why you have to choose such a heating arrangement option, ranging from the high cost of performing work by third parties to the habit of doing everything yourself. But regardless of the motives that forced you to choose this option, to successfully create heating you need to know how it works.

About home heating in general

Water heating of any private home consists of at least the following elements:

• heating boiler;
• expansion tank;
• heating radiators;
• pipelines;
• control valves.

And here the first feature appears - the circulation pump is not mentioned among the equipment. The fact is that for some options for creating home heating, whether you do it yourself or not, a pump is not required. But in this case there are other requirements that will be discussed a little later.

Components of water heating

Therefore, when deciding on a future water heating system, you need to start work with the main points - decide what the heating scheme will be and choose the power of the heating boiler.

Which boiler should I use?

This is a rather complex task, in solving which it is necessary to take into account many different points.

1. Selecting the type of fuel. You need to focus on affordable and cheap energy resources; main gas is considered the best. If it is not available, use other types of fuel:

• solid (coal, firewood, peat, pellets, etc.);
• liquid (diesel);
• electrical or any other energy. You need to choose the cheapest and most affordable fuel, given that these costs will determine your future home heating costs.

2. How will the boiler be used - only as an element of the heating system or also as a source of hot water. Depending on the purpose, you can choose a double-circuit or single-circuit boiler.

3. What area needs to be heated by creating home heating on your own, and the characteristics of the heated premises. In such a calculation, almost everything must be taken into account:

• geographical location of the house;
• number of floors;
• the material from which the house is made, the thickness of the walls, the use of insulation in its construction, etc.;
• frequency of operation of the boiler, the possibility of its operation in automatic mode;
• location, dimensions, possibility and need for routine maintenance and maintenance;
• the presence or possibility of creating the necessary ventilation to remove combustion products.

The above questions represent only a small part of those that you must answer before you create a home heating system with your own hands.

About choosing a heating scheme

Heating can be carried out according to a variety of schemes. In this case, for each specific case, the most suitable option can be used. When choosing it, it is necessary to take into account the features inherent in various heating systems.

1. They come with natural (gravitational) and forced circulation. A feature of gravitational circulation is the ability to heat a house without the use of additional equipment, such as a circulation pump, and the ability to operate system elements at atmospheric pressure.

This approach makes it possible to reduce costs when creating heating, however, for this it is necessary to fulfill a number of additional requirements:

• the heating boiler should be located below the radiators, and the expansion tank above;
• the pipelines must have a slope that creates a gravity flow of the coolant towards the radiators when hot water moves, and towards the boiler when returning;
• pipelines must be secured to prevent the formation of backflow;
• Pipes for supplying hot water must be larger in cross-section than for return.

A heating system with forced circulation is the most versatile, and its creation does not require so many requirements.

2. Heating installation can be carried out using a single-pipe or two-pipe method. The features of these heating schemes are shown in the photo

With a one-pipe system, water passes through the radiators one after another and then returns to the heating boiler, and with a two-pipe system, water enters each radiator separately from the main line and then returns there.

It is traditionally believed that a two-pipe heating scheme is the most effective, but a single-pipe heating scheme also has its advantages, among which it must be admitted that this is the simplest and most affordable option for heating a house, and also the cheapest.

As for the disadvantages inherent in the single-pipe circuit, its most popular type, called “Leningrad”, thanks to the efforts of numerous heating specialists, has been largely eliminated from them.

If you look at the self-made heating system being created in the house from this point of view - the simplicity and reasonable price of the entire system, then the "Leningradka" can probably be considered one of the most suitable options.

You can learn more about the intricacies and features of this system using the video

How to connect a heating radiator

An important factor ensuring the normal operation of the heating system is the radiators used. There are many varieties of such products; they are made in different shapes and from different materials, achieving maximum heat transfer from them, but other factors play the main role in heating the room:

1. Number of radiator sections. Established practice recommends using one section to heat three square meters. area, while the coolant temperature should be seventy degrees.

However, the number of sections cannot be unlimited; do not forget that each element in the system creates resistance to the passage of water, and if it is too large, then the heating simply will not work.

2. How is the radiator connected to the heating system? The figure below will allow you to evaluate how the heating efficiency differs for different methods of connecting batteries:

3. Where and how the radiator is installed.

These data should force you to take a more careful approach to the task of determining where to install the radiator. And if the battery is usually placed under the window opening (in the center), and this is a completely correct decision, then the installation of any decorative screens or other decorative items (curtains, drapes) worsens heat transfer and heating efficiency.

Although creating heating for a private home must be considered a rather complex task, it can nevertheless be solved on your own.

The existing variety of options for implementing a heating system allows anyone to choose the one that best suits their own strengths, skills and means.

Heating in a private home is a serious, complex task that includes many stages and work. This includes the design and selection of a particular heating system, selection of equipment and consumables, procurement and installation work, test pressure testing and system setup. We want to tell you how to properly install heating in a private home.

Preparatory stage

Design

At the preparatory stage, it is necessary to solve the most common and serious issues: calculate the amount of heat required for heating, determine the type of system, the nature of the coolant distribution, the type of coolant and many other important problems.

Here you should take into account all possible nuances, such as:

• Climatic features of the region. These are average and peak temperatures, wind direction and strength, precipitation patterns, etc.;
• Features of enclosing structures, roofing and foundation, as well as the level of thermal insulation of walls and the tightness of doors and windows;
• Possibilities for uninterrupted energy supply. Before heating a private home, you should find out the state of affairs on the energy market in your region, since the choice and configuration of the entire heating system greatly depends on the type of fuel used;
• Estimated mode of operation of the house in winter. The episodic-short-term regime imposes slightly different requirements than the permanent one;
• At the design stage, all cost saving opportunities must be considered and taken into account. and the use of various, including alternative, energy sources.

Important!
The project is drawn up in accordance with established SNiP and GOST standards, taking into account all the listed nuances.
A competent specialist with appropriate education must be involved in calculations and graphic design.

Here we want to make a few caveats.

Some banal things may sound, but they need to be said:

1. A project is one of the most important and responsible stages of work, and neglect of design is the best way to ruin the entire event in the bud;
2. Most owners are concerned, first of all, with the quality of installation, but do not forget that the most expensive and irreparable errors are design errors;
3. If you do not have a technical education and experience in calculations, then it is better to entrust this work to a professional. If you want to work on your own, there are many other opportunities for this. Saving in this case is risky and fraught with serious losses of funds.

Important!
A well-drafted project must include a full calculation of the system, specifications of equipment and materials, a graphic part (general and special drawings indicating the radiator wiring routes and the location of devices), an explanatory note, an estimate, and an axonometric diagram.
The title page must bear the seal of the design organization and the signatures of the responsible persons.

Selecting a system type

Choosing the type of heating system is an equally important stage that can be attributed to design. We have highlighted this stage because this is where many questions arise.

So, let's figure out what kind of heating systems there are:

• By the nature of the wiring - single-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. The first ones are cheaper and simpler, but heating will be uneven and the efficiency is lower, the second ones allow you to heat areas faster and more evenly, and the third ones are the most effective, but also the most complex and expensive;
• By type of coolant - water, steam, air, electric. As a rule, private homes use a water and/or electrical system. We are all familiar with water circuits, and electrical systems consist of convectors and heaters of various designs;
• According to the method of coolant movement - with natural or forced circulation. The vast majority of modern systems operate on the principle of forced circulation, as it is much more efficient and economical.

Important!
The most popular and widespread option is a two-pipe or collector system with liquid coolant and forced circulation.
This choice is dictated by a number of objective reasons.

Tap water or antifreeze is used as a coolant. The use of antifreeze increases operational reliability and reduces the corrosion load on the pipeline, but requires proper calculation of pump parameters and the correct choice of materials for pipes and heating devices.

Important!
The use of a two-pipe system allows you to regulate the heat supply to each individual circuit or radiator.
This makes it possible to organize a flexible and economical management system.

Selection of materials and equipment

Boilers

For a water heating system, the use of a boiler is mandatory. A boiler is a power plant in which fuel is burned to heat the coolant.

The modern market offers the following types of boilers:

• Gas. Use mains or liquefied gas in cylinders;
• Solid fuel. They use firewood, coal, fuel briquettes, pellets, waste from the woodworking industry, peat, straw, dead wood, etc.;
• Diesel. They use liquid petroleum products - diesel fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, various types of oils, fuel oil, etc.;
• Electrical. They run on electricity and use a heating element or electrode heating principle.

Gas boilers are the most profitable. If your site is connected to a natural gas supply line, then your choice is obvious: gas is several times cheaper than other types of fuel, its use is as convenient and efficient as possible.

Gas equipment is relatively inexpensive, its installation also does not cause difficulties, the only problem is the need for permission and participation of gas service specialists in connecting the unit to the main line.

If your home is not gasified, then you should pay attention to solid fuel boilers. These are the second cheapest units to operate after gas.

The most cost-effective and convenient are gas generators or pyrolysis devices. They allow you to heat a house with one stack of wood for about 8-10 hours, which saves you from night shifts in the boiler room during the winter cold.

The disadvantages of solid fuel devices are the need for manual control, manual supply of fuel, manual cleaning of the combustion chamber and chimney. You will also need a dry place to store firewood, delivery of firewood to the site and fire safety measures.

Electric boilers are the most convenient and technologically advanced; they allow you to fully automate their work. In addition, they are safe, environmentally friendly, and do not produce ash, soot, smoke or other waste. The disadvantage is the very high price of electrical energy.

Diesel plants are the most expensive to operate, since the cost of hydrocarbon energy is extremely high. You should also consider the cost of delivery, storage and supply of fuel to the boiler tank. Heating with diesel fuel is the most expensive and irrational type of housing heating.

Pipes and radiators

When we have a project according to which we have selected a heating boiler, we can begin to select heating devices and pipes through which hot water will circulate.

The most common and common are steel water pipes. Enough has been said about them, we will just remind you that they are durable and reliable, but they are afraid of corrosion, become overgrown with deposits and are quite difficult to install.

If you are planning to install heating in a private house with your own hands, you should pay attention to plastic pipes. These materials are characterized by easy installation, low weight and lack of corrosion.

The most popular pipes are made of polypropylene and cross-linked polyethylene, and the latter are considered more reliable and of better quality, but their cost is also significantly higher. Installation of connections is carried out by soldering or cold pressing, which is much cheaper and easier to do with your own hands than welding steel or copper pipes.

It should also be noted that pipes can be laid under the floor, behind the baseboard, inside the walls in grooves, etc. Products made of cross-linked polyethylene can be bent and walled up without inspection hatches. Modern modifications of plastic pipes are completely suitable for use in heating systems.

Important!
When choosing plastic pipes, be sure to specify that you need pipes for heating.
They differ in the presence of reinforcement, composition and structure; they are designed to transport hot substances at a certain pressure.

Heating devices for water systems are available in several types:

• Radiator batteries made of cast iron or steel;
• Steel flat panels;
• Aluminum or bimetallic tubular convectors.

The batteries are highly reliable and have good efficiency. They are the most widespread and familiar to everyone who has ever entered a Soviet city apartment.

Panels welded from sheet steel are the least efficient and reliable type. They demonstrate rather low performance and quickly become unusable due to corrosion and design flaws.

Convectors made of aluminum or a combination of aluminum and anti-corrosion steel are among the highest quality and most efficient heating devices.

Pure aluminum models are suitable for small local systems with high-quality coolant and a well-functioning system. For central feed conditions or high loads, you should buy a bimetallic version.

Important!
When choosing bimetallic devices, it is important to find original products manufactured by well-known companies.
If the technology is not maintained, or low-quality materials are used, then operating such batteries is dangerous.

Conclusion

Construction of a heating system is a complex multi-stage task, and the success of the entire event depends on the quality of work performed at each stage. We have reviewed the general procedure, if you are interested in the details, you can find all the necessary materials on our website, including videos and step-by-step instructions.

Autonomous heating systems in private houses perform one of the main functions in their arrangement. Not only the comfort of living depends on the correct distribution of heat in the premises. Heating also carries a structural load: it prevents the occurrence and spread of dampness, mildew and mold. With the constant rise in prices and the expensive cost of connection, the question of which heating is better in a private home is becoming increasingly relevant.

Autonomous heating has a number of advantages, but you still need to choose the right system Source 999.md

Heating systems: their selection and requirements applied to them

Today, various schemes for the design of heating systems and models of equipment for them are presented. There is no ideal option when choosing them. But there are basic rules that need to be followed - to achieve proper regulation, distribution and transfer of heat throughout all rooms of the building.

Video description

In our video we’ll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:

Main criteria when choosing heating systems:

Minimum expenses with high heat transfer. Providing housing with the required amount of heat and low installation, operation and maintenance costs.

Maximum automation. To ensure safety, heating systems must be operated with the least possible human intervention in their operation.

High wear resistance of all elements. The necessary equipment must be selected taking into account its operational reliability.

In some cases, you can use the formula: “the simpler, the more reliable” Source promogaz.ru

Types of autonomous heating systems

All heating systems without exception are classified according to the type of fuel needed for their operation. If you need to constantly save on system energy consumption, and it is possible to use several types of fuel for heating, then the best solution would be to purchase combined equipment. These models have all the advantages of standard types of heating boilers and can operate on several types of fuel. For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

The boiler for the heating system can operate from any type of fuel Source nehomesdeaf.org

Water heating

One of the most recognized devices for individual heating systems in your home. The coolant here is a closed circuit pipeline with wiring, with water heated from the boiler circulating through it. Heating is installed in several ways: single or two-pipe, with batteries (cast iron, steel, bimetallic) or convector-type radiators. The heating boiler model is set taking into account the type of fuel.

Schemes of an autonomous water heating system

There are several options for installing such systems. When designing a private house, you need to carefully consider their choice.

For the purpose of familiarization, different types of installation are presented so that the developer can choose for himself which heating is best for a private home.

Wiring with separation according to the type of circulation system

assembly with natural circulation due to pressure difference;

installation with forced type of circulation.

Source remdominfo.ru

At the location where the supply line is laid

installation with top wiring;

installation with bottom wiring.

It makes sense to consider such schemes only when building a two or three-story house Source pinterest.com

By number of risers

single-pipe installation diagram;

two-pipe scheme.

Source suk.evesine.ru.net

By location of risers

vertical connection diagram;

horizontal connection diagram.

Source otoplenie-help.ru

According to the highway laying diagram

decoupling diagram with incidental highways;

decoupling diagram with dead-end highways.

A dead-end circuit is used with a small number of radiators Source dvamolotka.ru

Heating scheme "Leningradka"

The Leningradka scheme simplifies the process of adjusting the temperature for each individual room in the house.

pros:

constant volume liquids in coolants;

saving on fuel;

noiselessness at work;

simplicity in installation, maintenance and repair;

big term operation.

Minuses:

slow heating;

frequent cleaning radiators to increase heat transfer;

high possibility of leakage pipes in case of metal corrosion;

mandatory deletion fluids from the system before its conservation;

need for permanent job, to prevent liquid freezing during the cold season;

labor intensity during assembly.

Diagram of the Leningradka heating system Source promogaz.ru

Air heating

Heating of the home is carried out directly with air, which is heated by a gas air heater, water heat exchanger or electric heater and is distributed through the supply air ducts through the fan into the heated rooms of the house. Cooled air is taken from the premises through return air ducts, fresh air from the street is mixed with it, this mixture is cleaned of dust by a filter, and again supplied to the air heater for heating. And so on in a “circle” until the temperature in the house reaches the value set on the thermostat and the system turns off. When the temperature in the house drops by 1 degree, the thermostat will turn the system on again and so on.

Video description

In this video we will discuss whether it is possible to install air heating yourself:

Instead of heating the air in winter, in summer the air in such a system can be cooled by installing an air conditioner evaporator or a water cooler in the duct next to the air heater. The evaporator can be used to heat the air if the external unit of the air conditioner has a heat pump function.

If necessary, you can add a humidifier, air sterilizer, or additional HEPA filter to the channel.

Manufacturer of air heating systems - ATM Climate company Source smu-37.ru

pros:

• High levels of comfort due to a combination of heating, ventilation and air filtration in the basic version.
• Energy savings of up to 30% compared to other types of heating due to controlled ventilation.
• High reliability, long service life and no threat of system defrosting.
• Possibility of adjusting temperature conditions using a thermostat according to the program and via the Internet.
• Opportunity to work in air conditioner and heat pump mode.
• All types of air treatment in the house at “one point” (humidification, sterilization, additional filtration).
• Ease of maintenance (replacement of filters and other replaceable system elements).

Minuses:

• Air ducts occupy some part of the internal volume of the house.
• Air ducts must be integrated into the structure and interior of the house at the design stage.

Steam heating

Heating installations with steam systems still remain in demand. The system works normally with various types of fuel - wood, gas, coal, electricity. When installing it, priority is given to combined heating methods (gas + electricity, solid fuel). The correct choice of fuel combination will significantly reduce the cost of heating a home.

Installation diagram of an autonomous steam heating system Source kevuza.recalobip.ru.net

Operating principle

In a steam boiler, the liquid is heated to the boiling point, and the resulting steam enters radiators or pipes. Gradually cooling, it condenses and flows back into the boiler. Operational reliability directly depends on the model of the steam boiler. It must be selected taking into account the area and engineering features of the building.

Pros of the system:

environmental purity;

fast heating houses regardless of their area;

cyclicality;

good heat transfer;

low probability b freezing of the system.

In general, the steam heating scheme does not differ from conventional water heating Source promogaz.ru

Minuses:

heat inside the coolant negatively affects the operational capabilities of the system;

availability required permitting documentation for commissioning;

there is no way to support a certain temperature regime inside the building;

noise when filling with steam;

need for constant monitoring due to the explosion hazard of steam boilers;

big price equipment;

complexity installation

Gas heating

If in the area where a private house is located there is no main line with gas, a system with liquefied gas heating is assembled. For this purpose, a gas tank is installed on a personal plot - a sealed container, which is periodically filled with propane butane.

A gas holder is essentially a large gas cylinder that is buried next to the house Source shumcity.ru

pros:

ecologically pure heat source;

increase service life equipment;

full autonomy.

Minuses:

labor intensity installation;

inconvenience refueling;

problems with receiving permitting documents;

high cost installations;

constant control from service departments;

if there is no connection to the gas main, then it is necessary availability of special installations for fuel storage.

design of country houses and turnkey heating and insulation systems for houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Heating with electric installations

Rising energy prices have significantly affected the popularity of installing heating systems using electricity. This approach is economically justified only in the absence of other alternative options. Electric fireplaces, convectors, infrared heaters, and heated floors act as coolants in electrical systems.

Source promogaz.ru

Source ua.all.biz

Advantages of heating with energy carriers:

relatively small cost of equipment for installation;

it is possible to use electric boilers to obtain hot water supply;

environmental friendliness;

possibility of automation to maintain optimal temperature conditions in the building;

not necessary in expensive maintenance;

possibility of rearrangement heating device from one room to another.

Minuses:

high power consumption (up to 24 kW/hour) and considerable cost of electronic media;

need to install additional multiphase distributors;

if possible power outages the entire circuit fails.

Geothermal installation to create a heating circuit

Choose to heat a private home, using the earth's energy resources for this purpose - to obtain an environmentally friendly and economical source of heat for heating a private home. 98% of the sun's energy is accumulated in the soil layers, which is the basis for fuel production. Regardless of the time of year and temperature on the surface, heat is retained in the deep layers of the soil.

Scheme of arrangement of a geothermal heating system Source promogaz.ru

A geothermal installation consists of external and internal circuits. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located below ground level. The internal circuit is a conventional system located in the house and assembled from pipes and heating radiators. The coolant is water or other liquid containing antifreeze.

pros:

possibility of setting up and starting up the system in different climatic conditions;

environmental safety;

permanent obtaining the required amount of thermal energy;

small expenses for operation.

Video description

Minuses:

high cost purchasing the necessary equipment;

payback installation is possible only after 7-8 years;

labor intensity installation;

need for construction collector.

Heating with solar panels

An alternative and environmentally friendly way to obtain heat is to install heating using solar collectors. In regions with low solar activity, this method is used as a backup or additional option.

For the greatest efficiency of the system, it is necessary to correctly position the batteries on the roof Source finetodesign.com

pros:

big service life;

fast payback;

availability installation equipment;

the best option for heat generation from electric heaters and when installing heated floors;

environmental safety;

simplicity in operation;

no costs for the purchase of fuel.

Video description

Minuses:

need for constant sunlight;

necessity in complex calculations for correct installation of photocells;

roof installation at a 30 degree angle;

preferably have a spare source of heat available.

Stove heating

The use of fireplaces and stoves is advisable only as a source of additional or temporary heat energy when installing heating systems in individual construction. Mainly used for heating country houses. In private houses with a large area, with permanent residence of people, they have no efficiency, since they are not able to ensure uniformity in the supply of heat throughout all rooms. Or you will have to additionally install a water heating system, and use the stove itself as a beautiful wood-burning boiler

The stove is more suitable for a small house Source chrome-effect.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey installation of stoves and fireplaces. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

In order to decide on the optimal option for arranging autonomous heating systems and finally figure out which heating system to choose for a private home, it is advisable, first of all, to analyze which type of fuel is most available in a given area. The decision in favor of installing a suitable heating system depends on this.