Fluid for furnace heating. "Nezamerzayka" for heating: reviews, price

Modern technologies and materials make it possible to improve the basic elements that provide comfort in a home, in particular the heating system. At the moment, it is quite possible to improve its functionality and reliability. It should be noted that some of the innovations that are being introduced to improve it are quite risky. Simple things can pose a threat to the operation of a normal system. For example, water in the heating system. Some owners of private households refuse to use it and opt for other liquids.

Which is better - water or antifreeze?

Most heating systems circulate water. However, many people refuse this type of coolant and use something else to heat their homes. Although it is generally accepted that their use will lead to high costs for the owner of the house. Many do not use antifreeze for heating systems, because they believe that non-freezing liquid for heating systems is quite an expensive pleasure. However, is this statement true? To answer this question, you need to familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of using this alternative coolant in heating systems and compare it with the traditional one - water.

You should be aware that the anti-freeze fluid used for the heating system varies in composition from different manufacturers. Currently on the market you can find a liquid based on the following substances:

• glycerol;
• propylene glycol;
• bischofite;
• saline solution.

Advantages and disadvantages of water

Water is the most accessible coolant. Most types of equipment that make up modern heating systems are just designed for its use. If there is a leak, then no no harm to human health because, as everyone knows, water is environmentally friendly.

During sudden frosts, if the heating system is not turned on, this can lead to rupture of pipes. Sometimes the boiler loses its performance, which leads to high costs for restoring the system.

If the water in the heating system is used for a long time, then scale occurs, and if it is available, electricity costs increase by 20%.

If the heating system consists of metal pipes, then constant contact with water will lead to corrosion.

Benefits of antifreeze

The main advantage of antifreeze fluid in the heating system is that there is no need to drain it. Even if there are extremely low temperatures outside, this will not affect functionality or performance in any way. basic elements and heating units.

The composition of any such liquid contains special additives. Due to this, being in the system, it does not lead to corrosion. In addition, the "anti-freeze" does not foam. The price of this liquid can be different. Products offered at a high price, when used as a heat transfer medium, prevent swelling of the sealant or its dissolution.

Disadvantages of antifreeze

The non-freezing liquid used as a coolant, the price of which may be different, has certain disadvantages. This must be taken into account by everyone who decides to use it as a coolant in the heating system of their home:

• propylene glycol-based anti-freeze liquid contains harmful substances in its composition. Therefore, in the event of a leak into the air, fumes will be released that are harmful to human health;
• the use of a non-freezing liquid in the heating system as a heat carrier leads to its aggressive effect on pipes, fittings and taps;
• in comparison with water, the viscosity of this liquid is 20% higher, which leads to increased hydraulic loads for pumping equipment. Therefore, when the owner of a private household is creating an autonomous heating system in which a non-freezing liquid will act as a coolant, when choosing pumping equipment, he must opt ​​for models with a large power reserve.

We note one important point that those who plan to use non-freezing liquid in the heating system of their home should be aware of. To increase heat transfer and reduce the load, antifreeze liquid, the price of which can be found on the Internet, can be diluted with distilled water. Ordinary water contains a large amount of calcium salts. They are are the main cause of deposits, which during the operation of the heating system occur on the inner walls of pipes, heat exchangers and pumping equipment.

What antifreeze to give preference?

If you decide for yourself to use non-freezing liquid in the heating system, then you should be concerned not only with the price, but also with the question of how to choose it correctly. Antifreeze for heating systems is a product that is currently on the market in a wide variety. Among a large number of liquids from various manufacturers, there are also leaders. Demanded is the liquid for heating systems "Warm House", which is offered to consumers by a domestic manufacturer. Many owners fill in this liquid for more than a year. Its price is quite affordable.

Its main advantage is that it has high performance. Therefore, without replacement, this liquid can be used in the heating system for 5-10 seasons. It was this period of application that the manufacturer indicated in the recommendations for the operation of his anti-freeze liquid. This is the best proof of the high quality of this product.

Prices for non-freezing compositions are very different, so each owner of a private household can choose the right product. It should be noted that Russian manufacturers of non-freezing liquid are constantly expanding their range by offering new products. New products are made from high quality raw materials. In addition, it is safe for human health. Often food-grade propylene glycol is used as the main component by manufacturers.

You should know that it is impossible to pour automobile antifreeze into the heating system. In its composition, it contains additives, the use of which is unacceptable for premises used as residential.

When should antifreeze not be used?

The price of an antifreeze liquid for a heating system is affordable, which is why many home owners choose it for their heating system. However, you should be aware not only of the positive aspects of using antifreeze, but also of the undesirable consequences that you may encounter when using this composition as a coolant. Manufacturers do not talk about this, but you need to know this.

1. If the basis of the heating system of a private house is a double-circuit boiler, then the use of antifreeze should be abandoned. The coolant may enter the circuit used to supply the house. And everyone knows that non-freezing liquid is a toxic substance.
2. In open systems, it is also worth refusing to use it. Otherwise, the coolant will evaporate and you will often have to top it up.
3. Situations when antifreeze liquid is used in a system consisting of galvanized pipes are unacceptable. This can lead to a change in the chemical composition of the liquid and the loss of its initial properties.
4. Antifreeze fluid has a lower heat capacity than water. Therefore, if this liquid is used as a coolant, then in this case, when creating a heating system, radiators of higher power should be used.
5. Antifreeze has a high viscosity, so it is necessary to use high-power circulation pumping equipment.

The influence of the composition of liquids on heating

Anti-freeze liquids for heating systems currently on the market are made on the basis of two substances.

Monoethylene glycol

This component has the following features:

propylene glycol

If we compare it in terms of the workflow, then there are no differences. However, there is one positive point. It lies in the safety of this non-freezing liquid. Its use in the heating system of a private house does not pose any harm to human health.

What antifreeze liquid to choose, everyone decides for himself. However, it should be noted that it is impossible to unambiguously answer which coolant is the most suitable for a private house system - water or antifreeze. If the price of antifreeze is too high for you, then water is the right choice. In order not to make a mistake with the choice of coolant, attention should be paid to a number of parameters. At all It is not superfluous to consult a specialist. Following his recommendations, your choice of coolant will be successful.

There are cases when it is simply impossible to use water as a heat carrier. In such situations, non-freezing liquid for heating comes to the rescue. Its use is not always appropriate, and if there are options not to pour it into the circuit, then it is better to use them. If circumstances have developed in such a way that you cannot do without an anti-freeze, then you need to be able to work with it. An antifreeze liquid for heating a house has certain requirements for operating conditions. They have different characteristics from water, which should also be taken into account when designing a heating system.

When is antifreeze applied?

Safe antifreeze liquid for heating

The heating medium circulates in the heating system. It can be water or non-freezing liquid for heating. The main purpose of the coolant is to absorb heat from the heating elements of the boiler and distribute it to all heat exchangers. Through them, the coolant gives off its heat to the room and returns again to the boiler. It turns out that the coolant also works as a coolant for the heating system, which simultaneously cools the boiler heat exchanger and heats the radiators. This circulation occurs only when the heating is in an active state.

If the boiler does not work, as well as the pumps in a sealed circuit, then the circulation of the coolant fluid for heating stops. Together with it, respectively, the coolant ceases to receive energy from the heating elements of the boiler. The process of lowering the temperature according to weather conditions begins. The cooling rate depends on the degree of insulation of the room, that is, the level of its heat loss. In winter, when the boiler is turned off, the coolant gradually reaches the crystallization temperature and turns into ice.

Ice has a larger volume than liquid, so it literally breaks pipes. To prevent this from happening in circuits where the heating is turned on irregularly, it is necessary to fill in an anti-freeze liquid for the heating system. In what situations can the heating circuit work irregularly:

• in a temporary residence;
• in the country;
• in the garage;
• if power outages occur for an extended period.

Spontaneous power outages are not terrible if you have to , which will supply all volatile elements with current. But this is effective only if it is installed in a house where someone constantly lives. But in the country, this method is not applicable. Usually, in country cottages, heating is turned on only on weekends, and the rest of the time the circuit is idle. Accordingly, only non-freezing liquid for the heating system can be used as a heat carrier. You do not plan to fill and drain water every time you want to heat the house. Moreover, in the heating system, at least 200 liters will be typed.

Types of antifreeze liquids

Anti-freeze liquid for heating a house is the same or no difference. More precisely, there is a difference, but it is more about the composition of anti-freeze than the main properties. And their main property is not to turn into ice when the temperature drops, down to -60 degrees. In this case, the cooled composition thickens.

Propylene glycol is part of an eco-friendly anti-freeze

Any non-freezing heating liquid, a warm house in particular, is made according to the same principle. Their composition:

• glycol (alcohol) base;
• the main active ingredient;
• substances that prevent corrosion (inhibitors);
• substances responsible for the characteristics of the composition (additives).

So, it is already clear that non-freezing liquid for water heating is an alcoholic substance. Glycol itself is not dangerous, but some additives can be very harmful to health. As an active component in non-freezing can be:

• ethylene glycol;
• propylene glycol;
• glycerol.

The composition depends on the area where the antifreeze liquid for heating systems will be used. User reviews agree that ethylene in antifreeze is best avoided.

Ethylene glycol liquid, in which ethylene glycol acts as an active substance, is categorically not advised to be used in permanent residences. It is highly toxic and can cause burns if it comes into contact with the skin. The ingress of the composition into a person in the form of a liquid or gas leads to serious consequences, up to death.

Low-quality antifreeze and the well-known machine antifreeze, which is also sometimes poured into heating, are made on an ethylene basis. If there is even the slightest possibility of human contact with ethylene glycol, then it is better to refuse its use:

• evaporation from an expansion tank of an open type;
• a leak;
• mixing into the DHW circuit in double-circuit boilers.

Do not use ethylene glycol antifreeze liquids for heating, where a double-circuit boiler acts as a heater.

Propylene glycol fluid for heating boilers is non-freezing and completely non-toxic. This does not mean that it can be drunk, but accidental contact in minimal doses with the skin or even inside will not lead to health complications. Such an anti-freeze can be safely used.

Glycerin antifreeze liquid has been poured into the heating system since the middle of the twentieth century and has been successfully used so far. Glycerin is, in general, a universal remedy. What is characteristic, unlike the two types of non-freezes listed above, glycerin does not dry rubber, but, on the contrary, restores it, gives a second life. That is, it acts on it like a silicone lubricant, so you don’t have to worry about the condition of the sealing gum.

Characteristics of antifreeze liquids for heating

The way a low-freezing fluid for heating systems behaves in the circuit is primarily influenced by the quality of the additive package and, of course, the operating conditions. Regardless of which main active element is added to the glycol base, all compounds have anti-corrosion and anti-foam properties.

The additive package has its own temporary resource. After a certain time, the additives decompose at the molecular level.

In this case, a precipitate forms and acid is released. It turns out that nothing already smooths out the aggressiveness of the coolant for heating the house, and besides, everything is aggravated by the release of acid. Service life of antifreeze liquid:

• based on ethylene glycol - five years;
• based on propylene glycol - five years;
• on a glycerin basis - up to ten years.

This is the service life of the composition under favorable operating conditions. The main requirement is, of course, temperature. When the coolant temperature rises to 90 degrees, the non-freezing liquid begins to decompose and loses its properties. This happens only in case of incorrect start-up of the boiler after a long period of inactivity, or errors during installation.

Direct contact of the heat exchanger with the flame is undesirable if antifreeze is poured into the circuit

For example, when a heat exchanger is built into a conventional furnace. Some install it so that it is in contact with an open flame. If you plan to use antifreeze for stove heating, then you can’t do this. It is necessary that there is a layer of brick between the heat exchanger and the flame. It will also protect the coolant from too hot flames, and distribute the heat evenly. In this case, the non-freezing liquid for stove heating will not overheat.

Characteristics that are affected by the quality of the additive package:

• thermal conductivity;
• density;
• viscosity;
• fluidity;
• thermal expansion.

The better the additives, the higher the performance. That is, as close as possible to the characteristics of water. In the case of the coefficient of thermal expansion, it should be as small as possible.

Taking into account the fact that the volumetric expansion of the anti-freeze is greater than that of water, it is necessary to provide for an expansion mat of 40% larger volume.

The thermal conductivity of antifreeze is lower than that of water. The lowest thermal conductivity of glycerin antifreeze liquids. In relation to water, it is only 85%, for other non-freezes, the figure can reach 90%. As you can see, the difference is not that big.

Antifreeze liquids are half as dense and viscous as water. These qualities make circulation difficult. To pump the coolant along the circuit, you will need a pump of greater power, it would also be nice to assemble it with a cross section that is one step larger. For example, if it is about , then instead of 25 diameter, it is better to take 32.

Despite the fact that the antifreeze liquid is denser and more viscous, it has a lower coefficient of surface tension, that is, it is more fluid. Do you know that you can fill a glass with water "with a slide"? The hill, of course, will be small, but even visually it is clear that the liquid rises above the edge of the vessel. It won't work that way with frostbite. Due to this high fluidity, it flows out where water cannot penetrate due to surface tension. In other words, if there are microcracks and even very small holes, then the non-freezing liquid will find its way out there.

Therefore, often, after there was water in the circuit and it was decided to fill it with anti-freeze, leaks appear. Main leaks:

• pipe joints;
• connections between sections of radiators;
• places for connecting additional elements;
• in the boiler itself.

Water has another useful property, due to which a minor leak can disappear by itself. Metal particles settle on the edges of cracks and seal them. Of course, this is just scale, which, if carried out, will be removed and the flow will resume.

What antifreeze liquid to fill in the heating system

Summing up, it is possible to determine which non-freezing liquid to fill in the heating system. If you have unequivocally decided that you will fill the antifreeze into the circuit, then it is better to opt for propylene glycol or glycerin compounds. The former are more expensive, while the latter have slightly lower thermal conductivity and more weight. Considering the fact that propylene glycol antifreezes are the most modern, many consumers opt for them. It is better not to deal with ethylene glycol compounds, since the probability of contact with a person is quite high, and it is quite problematic to maintain a circuit with a toxic substance.

Autonomous heating systems in country houses can operate on various principles. A very popular design for creating private heating systems is equipment with a liquid coolant.

It consists of a heating boiler, piping system and heating radiators.

Normally, ordinary water is used as the heat carrier. In order to prevent the formation of scale in such "technical" water, chemical additives are often added. But such a system requires constant heating - in the event of freezing of water inside the pipeline system, the latter fails. In order to ensure the possibility of pauses in work, an antifreeze liquid for heating is used.

Why is it better to use antifreeze liquid in the heating system, and not water?

Antifreeze liquid (or antifreeze) in the heating system greatly simplifies the work with the equipment. If you use ordinary water as a coolant, then the heating system has to be equipped with additional devices, such as a valve for venting air from the expansion tank. In addition, in the variant of a country house that is not constantly used, water will have to be drained or filled into the heating system at each visit, otherwise it will simply freeze in winter.

On the one hand, water has a higher heat capacity and, when moving through the pipelines of the heating system, retains heat longer. This is what causes the wider use of water as a coolant in private country houses.

Can antifreeze be used?

Antifreeze or antifreeze liquids are known to almost everyone. They are widely used in car cooling systems in winter. In a car engine, antifreeze carries excess heat away from the engine, cooling it. At the same time, even in the most severe frosts, it does not freeze. It is these properties - the ability to transfer heat even at the lowest temperatures - that led to the use of antifreezes for the construction of heating systems. Especially important is the use of such a coolant in a system, part of the pipeline of which passes through an open area.

A good feature of the "anti-freeze" is that it is less than ordinary water that provokes the formation of corrosion on the inner surface of pipeline systems. Another undoubted advantage is the absence of suspended solutions of limestone in non-freezing liquids - so you can not worry about the possible formation of scale.

There are several modifications of non-freezing liquids that can be used in heating systems. The choice of a specific variety is made taking into account climatic conditions and the configuration of your home's heating system.

What is a flushing fluid for a heating system and does it need to be flushed?

In addition to the coolant itself, when operating the heating system, you will also have to purchase a liquid intended for flushing with pipelines and heating radiators.

Of course, in extreme cases, it is possible to flush the inner surface of the pipes with ordinary tap water, but it is better to do this with the help of special liquids, in which special chemical additives are introduced.

An alternative flushing option may be to use water with a caustic soda solution added to it. Such a mixture is poured into the heating system and remains inside it for about an hour. The baking soda solution comes into contact with scale on the inside of the system and dissolves it. In addition, a soda solution will dissolve areas with corrosion.

How to choose a liquid for the heating system?

• First of all, it is necessary to determine the operating parameters of the system. Here, two extreme values ​​\u200b\u200bwill be important to you - the maximum temperature of the coolant during heating in the boiler and the minimum ambient temperature.
• Next, you need to carefully study the technical characteristics of your heating system. Actually, the main attention should be paid to the characteristics of the heat exchanger in the boiler. Some manufacturers may not allow the use of antifreeze fluids.
• And, finally, after determining the admissibility of using an antifreeze liquid and its possible temperature parameters, proceed directly to choosing the brand of liquid, focusing on its lowest toxicity. Still, the heating system will be located in the living room, and possible fluid leaks should not lead to poisoning.

The use of alcohol as a coolant

No matter how blasphemous it may sound for a man's ear, it is allowed to use alcohol as a coolant. Alcohol does not freeze and can be used over a wide temperature range. Naturally, technical alcohol is used in this capacity, which is a deadly poison for humans. However, many manufacturers of boilers and heat exchangers are critical of the use of liquids such as bischofite or ethylene glycol as a heat carrier.

The disadvantage of using pure alcohol as a coolant is its high volatility - about five liters per year will evaporate through microscopic pores in the system.

What brand of antifreeze to choose?

An important factor in choosing an antifreeze liquid for a heating system will be the selection of the compatibility of the liquid with the material of manufacture of the pipeline system. So, as a material for the manufacture of pipes in heating systems, polypropylene, aluminum, steel or cast iron can be used. With each of the materials, certain brands of antifreeze fluids may behave differently.

anti-freeze "Warm house"

In addition, the maximum temperature regime to which the coolant fluid will be exposed is also very important. This parameter largely depends on the fuel used in the heating system. So liquid fuels, such as diesel fuel, have a much higher combustion temperature than ordinary birch firewood. Accordingly, the coolant fluid in such systems will heat up to a greater extent.

When using antifreeze, it is necessary to take into account its increased fluidity and permeability caused by a small coefficient of surface tension. As a result, antifreezes can literally seep through the smallest pores in the joints. Thus, the use of antifreeze involves a thorough revision of all connecting nodes in the heating system of your home.

Please note that different brands of antifreeze from different manufacturers may have different chemical composition. "Antifreeze" is just a generic name for a kind of anti-freeze fluid. Accordingly, the behavior of each liquid with an individual chemical composition will also be individual.

Consequences of using anti-freeze with ethidene glycol

Very often, manufacturers introduce ethylene glycol into the composition of the antifreeze liquid. Remember that ethylene glycol is a harsh and toxic chemical. As a result, when operating heating systems with coolant-antifreeze, a number of safety measures must be observed. In any case, when using antifreeze fluids, the heating system and the hot water system of your home must be physically separated to prevent mixing of fluids used in them. In extreme cases, with a real possibility of coolant entering the hot water supply system, it is necessary to use propylene glycol. It is less effective than ethylene glycol, but much less toxic.

Before the first filling of antifreeze liquid into the heating system, do not forget to flush the inner surface of the pipelines.

How is antifreeze made?
The main component of antifreeze liquids is ordinary water. And the efficiency of the heating system largely depends on its quality and purity. The matter is that the smallest impurity of pollution in water are those sites around which its freezing begins. Well-purified, distilled water does not freeze even at low sub-zero temperatures.

In addition, impurities in water are scale that forms on the inner walls of pipelines. The cleaner the water used in the production of antifreeze liquid is, the less likely it is that scale will form, the less

To reduce the negative effects in the production of "anti-freeze" various chemical additives are used. They completely dissolve in water and prevent the onset of corrosion of metal surfaces, playing the role of inhibitors in the ongoing chemical reactions.

What additives are added to antifreeze fluid?

Among the chemical additives used in the production of "antifreeze" are the following:

• Inhibitors, that is, substances that inhibit chemical reactions with the metal. These include silicates and phosphates.
• Hybrid additives that perform several functions at the same time. These mixtures are organic and inorganic.
• Additives based on carbosilicates. This is a fairly recent solution in this industry and it has a broad perspective in development.

Advantages and disadvantages of a coolant based on antifreeze

The most important advantage of antifreeze-based liquids when used in heating systems is their ability to maintain a fluid state at low temperatures. Even at very low temperatures, such a liquid does not become a solid, but forms a slurry-like substance that cannot damage the pipelines and equipment of your system. In addition, at low temperatures and partial freezing, antifreeze does not increase in size. After raising the temperature, it completely restores its properties.

But for such efficiency at low temperatures, antifreeze has to pay with a reduced heat capacity, which is reduced by up to 15 percent relative to ordinary water. This leads to an increased consumption of energy carriers for heating the liquid in the heating system. Also, when using "anti-freeze" you will have to use more powerful heating radiators, with a large number of sections. Antifreeze is more viscous than water and will have to be moved through the system by more powerful pumps.

Please note that after filling the heating system with non-freezing liquid, it must be allowed to stand for two to three hours. During this time, the air present in it will come out of the liquid. Only then can the system be pressurized.

To avoid air leakage into the liquid during the operation of the system, it is necessary to install an expansion tank in it. Compared to systems running on water, the tank must have a larger volume, which is associated with a large coefficient of expansion from heat for "anti-freeze". Also, anti-freeze liquid may have a tendency to foam, which must also be compensated for by the expansion tank.

When operating a heating system with antifreeze, it is unacceptable to allow it to overheat, which can lead to irreversible consequences and require a complete replacement of the fluid in the system.

Training video on antifreeze liquids for heating systems in private homes

With the help of modern technologies and materials, you can significantly affect the comfort of living in your home. For example, to improve the quality and reliability of the coolant. For this purpose, they began to use an anti-freeze for the heating system of a private house. It is easy to start with the help of special tools.

Appointment of antifreeze liquid

Living in a private house, it is very important to provide it with all the necessary communications. Many people know that in severe frosts, the water in the heating system can freeze. Such an emergency situation with the coolant is not uncommon if ordinary water is used. According to experts, it is better not to use other types of liquid, but in a country house there is simply no other way out. For example, residents may not live in it permanently, and it is not always possible to “preserve” thermal equipment.

To avoid freezing of the coolant, rupture of pipes and radiators, they began to use non-freezing liquid. However, it has certain requirements for operating conditions. Its characteristics differ from the properties of plain water, so they must be taken into account when designing a heating system. Using anti-freeze compounds, you can avoid unexpected surprises with the onset of frost. If they are poured into the system, then they will not turn into ice at low temperatures.

Anti-freeze kills heating?

Compositions for heating

Ordinary water is considered the best type of coolant, since it has an optimal density, sufficient heat capacity and low price. More expensive non-freezing compositions lead to high costs for owners of private buildings.

Antifreeze is used as a non-freezing liquid for heating. It differs in its composition depending on the manufacturer. The following types are most commonly found on sale:

Such a coolant does not freeze even in severe frosts. When it is cooled, the composition can only thicken. Any of the types is made according to the same principle and has several basic substances in its composition.

Advantages and disadvantages

When antifreeze is used as a coolant, there is no need to drain it immediately after the heating season. He is not afraid of even severe frosts, so the system remains in good condition. If the permissible threshold of operational parameters is exceeded, the liquid will turn into a gel. However, under normal conditions, it will again become a working solution. Special substances with low temperature Freezing has many advantages:

The use of antifreeze liquids in heating systems of a private house

However, despite a number of advantages of non-freezing for home heating, it still has disadvantages. You need to know about them before using it at home. Among the cons:

• formulations with propylene glycol contain harmful substances and, if leaked, are harmful to human health;
• aggressive impact on pipes, taps and fittings;
• the viscosity of such a liquid is higher than 20%, which leads to an increase in hydraulic loads in the main equipment, so it is desirable to use models of pumping units with high power.

To increase the heat transfer of such an antifreeze liquid, it is desirable to dilute it with distilled water. Since plain water contains a lot of salts and calcium in its composition, they cause great damage to the equipment. It is these substances that destroy it over time. They are deposited inside pipes, in pumping equipment and heat exchangers.

Criterias of choice

The properties and specifications of all these fluids are slightly different. If you decide to use antifreeze, then it is very important to choose it correctly. What is the best solution to use for heating a private house, it is better to consult a specialist. He will also tell you how to fill the anti-freeze into the heating system. When self-studying the properties and buying, you should consider the following characteristics:

• period of use without complete replacement;
• the level of toxicity of the solution;
• compliance with the heating equipment in the house;
• the presence of additives, which will improve the performance of heating devices.

High-quality antifreeze can be used for 5-10 seasons in winter. This indicator confirms the high properties of the composition. Propylene glycol-based liquid is considered safer.

You also need to know about the rules for operating an anti-freeze in a private house. This will help make the system safer for the home environment. Sometimes such a product cannot be used for some reason. With the presence of an electrochemical coating and zinc in the heating system, antifreeze is unacceptable. It is necessary to take into account the recommendations of the manufacturers of heating equipment.

Equipment launch

Any of the compositions will affect the operation of the heating system. It is recommended to buy a ready-made liquid. Before using it, it is necessary to drain the old coolant and check its condition. The degree of contamination will affect the conduct of complex cleaning. To fill in a new product, you need to clean everything.

When using antifreeze for the first time, a complete flush of the entire system is mandatory. In furnace heating, two different compositions will lead to a negative chemical reaction. In a closed system, the filling point must be lower than the rest of the fixtures. To heat a private house, it is carried out using pumping equipment. The pressure in the pipes should not exceed 3 atm.

In open systems for water heating, the use of anti-freeze agents is not recommended. With constant contact with air, foaming is greatly increased. Pour liquid through the upper expansion tank.

After pouring, testing should be carried out. The temperature in the system usually rises gradually and at the same time it is possible to check the tightness of the main components. When the coolant circulates, there should be no extraneous noise. After the start of operation of the equipment, it is recommended to add antifreeze after a while. For this reason, it is advisable to buy liquids more than about 20% of the required volume.

Read in the article

What to fill in the heating system of a private house

We have already talked with you - what is a double-circuit boiler, a useful and compact thing you need to take note of! However, the heating system also needs a liquid that will transfer heat from the boiler to the batteries (cast iron or aluminum or bimetallic), it doesn’t matter! Previously, people didn’t think about this problem for a long time, they poured ordinary water and that’s it, there seems to be no problem !? BUT, is ordinary water always suitable for your system and what types of coolants exist now? In simple words - what to pour into the heating system? Let's ponder...

The heating system of a private house is an important component of a comfortable stay. Now in modern realities, we are looking for a source of heating that is cheap and affordable. But so far, nothing cheaper than gas has been found, the gas in the boiler heats up the coolant and this liquid already heats up our batteries. Now there are only a few main types of such heat carriers.

Types of coolants

1) Water

The most versatile and easily accessible coolant. It is he who in 70 - 80% is poured into the heating pipes of private houses.

There are a lot of pluses here: - it is easily accessible and free, it has a low viscosity and high fluidity (which means it will crawl almost everywhere), it is non-toxic (which is very important), it transfers heat well. Perhaps these are the main advantages of water.

But there are also disadvantages: - the metal elements of the heating system eventually rust and become unusable, if you heat the water to 80 degrees and above, it deposits scale on the pipes, freezes at "0" temperature (which means that a country house cannot be left without heating for several days in winter ), when it freezes, it expands and simply breaks your system, you need to constantly monitor the system with water inside, it is advisable to flush the system once a year from all kinds of deposits (rust and scale).

2) Antifreeze

Here you need to distinguish between two types of antifreeze ethylene glycol and propylene glycol.

Ethylene glycol is a cheaper type of antifreeze for your heating system. A big plus is its resistance to low temperatures (holds up to -60 degrees), fluidity, low viscosity, and it practically does not enter into chemical bonds with metals (almost neutral), so it can work in the system for a very long time without flushing. Its thermal conductivity is higher than that of water, and accordingly it heats up faster (less gas is required for heating).

But the disadvantages are also significant, not cheap - you need to buy, and it costs decent money and the biggest disadvantage is its toxicity, if a leak in the house is not good! It is because of toxicity that they are rarely used in private homes, usually the use is industrial areas.

We needed an eco-friendly replacement for ethylene glycol, and we found it.

Propylene glycol - this composition has almost the same characteristics (it does not freeze, it is in good contact with pipes and the heating system), so it is also non-toxic, so it can be poured into the heating system of a private house.

There are also disadvantages: - its thermal conductivity is lower than that of ethylene glycol (a difference of 15 - 20%), and its price is also higher than that of a poisonous comrade, and significantly.

Therefore, it was necessary to withdraw new compositions.

3) Antifreeze mixtures

As the name implies, the manufacturers decided to combine all the advantages of two antifreeze liquids - ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. If you choose the right composition, you get a completely environmentally friendly liquid with good thermal conductivity. This is exactly what you need to fill in the system of your private home! Or if you are turned to ecology, then you can look in the direction of propylene glycol. Water as a coolant in the 21st century is practically losing its attractiveness, because although it is free, it is in very strong contact with pipes and parts of heating boilers.

And that's all, I think I conveyed some information to you.

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How to choose the right liquid for heating

Without high-quality heating, it is difficult to imagine comfortable living in an apartment or a private house in winter. Residents of urban high-rise buildings with a centralized type of heating are lucky. After all, you don’t have to think and worry about the safety of pipes in the cold period. Maintenance falls on the shoulders of housing maintenance offices. But the proper operation of an autonomous heating system in the private sector has to be monitored independently.

A heat carrier is used as a heating element in the heating network. It is a heating fluid that circulates around the circuit. It may be of different types. It is on what fluid is used that the operation and maintenance of the system depends. Therefore, this article will be devoted to the coolant, its types and rules of use.

The choice of antifreeze for pipes and radiators

To select a liquid for heating systems, take into account the type of structure for heating and the materials from which its elements are made. In the production of such equipment, steel, cast iron, aluminum and propylene are mainly used. Of great importance is the type of fuel used, which is intended for heating the boiler.

For heat units operating on liquid or solid fuels, different liquids are used as a coolant. Since antifreeze has a low coefficient of surface tension, it is characterized by ductility. For this reason, when using this type of coolant, all nodes, threaded and welded joints of the system must have absolute impermeability. Antifreeze does not apply to liquids that have a specific chemical composition. This name is a generalized concept meaning any of the low-freezing mixtures. Antifreeze is used to cool engines and internal combustion units operating at temperatures below zero.

Which is better water or antifreeze

Some heating systems can only work with anti-freeze liquid

Ordinary water: it is she who is flooded in most heating mains for communal use, and it is she who is most often used to heat their homes by private homeowners. But this state of affairs has recently begun to change. More and more people are opting for alternative coolants, although it is believed that this will entail large financial costs. Anti-freeze liquid for heating systems is very expensive! Is it really? To do this, it is worth considering in a complex the negative and positive aspects of using water as a coolant, as well as an antifreeze liquid.

Attention! Antifreeze liquid for heating from different manufacturers may have a different component composition. So, on the market you can find "antifreeze" based on such substances: glycerin, propylene glycol, saline and bischofite brine

Benefits of water

Water is a cheap and readily available coolant. Most heating boilers, fittings and other heating elements are designed just for water circulation. In addition, in the event of a leakage of the heating system, there will be a strait of ordinary water, which is environmentally friendly for human health.

Traditionally, water plays the role of a heat carrier in heating systems.

Water Disadvantages

• If frosts came suddenly, and the heating system was not running, then this is fraught with rupture of pipes, and sometimes the heating boiler. In this case, the damage will be enormous.

• The constant use of water in the heating pipeline over time leads to the formation of scale, which in turn entails an overspending of energy by 25-30%. As a result, heating costs at home increase significantly.
• When using water instead of a special liquid for heating, scale forms in the pipes over time, which accumulates and leads to energy overruns of up to 30%. This significantly increases the cost of heating a house, given the considerable cost of fuel.
• If we talk about metal pipelines, then the water coolant will sooner or later provoke the manifestation of corrosive processes.

Benefits of antifreeze

• "Non-freezing" does not need to be drained from the heating system - the functional characteristics of equipment, components and pipelines will be fully preserved even at extremely low outdoor air temperatures.
• Thanks to special additives, such a coolant does not foam, does not cause corrosion and scale on the inner shells of heating elements, does not cause swelling or dissolution of seals.

"Nezamerzayka" as an alternative to water coolant

• Non-freezing liquid for heating, made on the basis of propylene glycol, when leaking, releases harmful fumes into the air.
• Such a coolant is characterized by increased aggressiveness to pipes, fittings, taps, etc.
• The viscosity of antifreeze is about 20% higher than that of water. This entails additional hydraulic loads on the pumps. For this reason, when choosing a circulation pump, it is worth choosing models with a power reserve.

Important! To reduce the load and increase heat transfer, the antifreeze liquid can be diluted with water, but always distilled. In ordinary water, a high percentage of calcium salts, which provoke the appearance of deposits on the inner walls of pipes, pumps and heat exchangers

Water or antifreeze what to choose

Traditionally, ordinary water is poured into the heating system. There is an opinion that it is not advisable to fill in other coolants. However, situations may arise when it is simply impossible to do without “non-freezing”.

For example, in a country house where there are no permanent residents, but for some reason it is impossible to “preserve” the heating system. To understand what liquids to fill in heating, and what will be of great benefit, you need to find out the positive and negative sides.

A comfortable stay in a heated room depends on how correctly the coolant is selected. It should be borne in mind that the composition of liquids for steam heating is different for each manufacturer.

Here are the main components that are now actively used:

• glycerol;
• salt solutions;
• propylene glycol;
• ethylene glycol;
• bischofite.

These funds were not chosen by chance. They perform certain functions that water cannot replace.

The main disadvantage of water as a coolant

Water is an environmentally friendly product. If a leak is found in the radiators, then this will not bring harm to a person. But despite the fact that water is affordable and suitable for most heating systems, it has several disadvantages.

With unexpected temperature changes, if the mercury level in the thermometer drops below zero, the water will freeze when the boiler is turned off. After the rupture of radiators and pipes, it will be almost impossible to fix it, it will be necessary to replace the entire system. Most often, the boiler will suffer first. Thus, you will have to spend a lot of money to restore heating.

Metal pipes from water gradually rust. If electricity is used as an energy carrier, its consumption will increase due to the formation of scale and rust.

Which is better water or antifreeze

Most heating systems circulate water. However, many people refuse this type of coolant and use something else to heat their homes. Although it is generally accepted that their use will lead to high costs for the owner of the house. Many do not use antifreeze for heating systems because they think that it is quite an expensive pleasure. However, is this statement true? To answer this question, you need to familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of using this alternative coolant in heating systems and compare it with the traditional one - water.

You should be aware that the anti-freeze fluid used for the heating system varies in composition from different manufacturers. Currently on the market you can find a liquid based on the following substances:

• glycerol;
• propylene glycol;
• bischofite;
• saline solution.

Characteristics of antifreeze liquids for heating

The way a low-freezing fluid for heating systems behaves in the circuit is primarily influenced by the quality of the additive package and, of course, the operating conditions. Regardless of which main active element is added to the glycol base, all compounds have anti-corrosion and anti-foam properties.

Without these additives, heating fluid is very aggressive. All anti-freeze foams, but glycerin anti-freeze liquids for home heating systems especially. Foam is an airborne substance, and air leads to poor circulation, air pockets, and water hammer in the heating system.

The additive package has its own temporary resource. After a certain time, the additives decompose at the molecular level.

In this case, a precipitate forms and acid is released. It turns out that nothing already smooths out the aggressiveness of the coolant for heating the house, and besides, everything is aggravated by the release of acid. Service life of antifreeze liquid:

• based on ethylene glycol - five years;
• based on propylene glycol - five years;
• on a glycerin basis - up to ten years.

This is the service life of the composition under favorable operating conditions. The main requirement is, of course, temperature. When the coolant temperature rises to 90 degrees, the non-freezing liquid begins to decompose and loses its properties. This happens only in case of incorrect start-up of the boiler after a long period of inactivity, or errors during installation.

Direct contact of the heat exchanger with the flame is undesirable if antifreeze is poured into the circuit

For example, when a heat exchanger is built into a conventional furnace. Some install it so that it is in contact with an open flame. If you plan to use antifreeze for stove heating, then you can’t do this. It is necessary that there is a layer of brick between the heat exchanger and the flame. It will also protect the coolant from too hot flames, and distribute the heat evenly. In this case, the non-freezing liquid for stove heating will not overheat.

Characteristics that are affected by the quality of the additive package:

• thermal conductivity;
• density;
• viscosity;
• fluidity;
• thermal expansion.

The better the additives, the higher the performance. That is, as close as possible to the characteristics of water. In the case of the coefficient of thermal expansion, it should be as small as possible.

Taking into account the fact that the volumetric expansion of the anti-freeze is greater than that of water, it is necessary to provide for an expansion mat of 40% larger volume.

The thermal conductivity of antifreeze is lower than that of water. The lowest thermal conductivity of glycerin antifreeze liquids. In relation to water, it is only 85%, for other non-freezes, the figure can reach 90%. As you can see, the difference is not that big.

Antifreeze liquids are half as dense and viscous as water. These qualities make circulation difficult. To pump the coolant around the circuit, you will need a pump of greater power, it would also be nice to assemble pipe heating scheme with a section larger by one step. For example, if it is about polypropylene pipes, then instead of 25 diameter, it is better to take 32.

Despite the fact that the antifreeze liquid is denser and more viscous, it has a lower coefficient of surface tension, that is, it is more fluid. Do you know that you can fill a glass with water "with a slide"? The hill, of course, will be small, but even visually it is clear that the liquid rises above the edge of the vessel. It won't work that way with frostbite. Due to this high fluidity, it flows out where water cannot penetrate due to surface tension. In other words, if there are microcracks and even very small holes, then the non-freezing liquid will find its way out there.

Therefore, often, after there was water in the circuit and it was decided to fill it with anti-freeze, leaks appear. Main leaks:

• pipe joints;
• connections between sections of radiators;
• places for connecting additional elements;
• in the boiler itself.

Water has another useful property, due to which a minor leak can disappear by itself. Metal particles settle on the edges of cracks and seal them. Of course, this is just scale, which, if carried out, will be removed and the flow will resume.

Why is antifreeze so dangerous

In fact, this is the same antifreeze, only domestically produced, which is somewhat cheaper than foreign counterparts, but that's not all. Antifreeze is very poisonous due to the content of ethylene glycol in it, it is not intended to work inside the heating system, but nevertheless it is still used, and this can be said to be a popular use, but the manufacturer is prohibited from using antifreeze, and there are good reasons for this. causes:

1. Antifreeze is very toxic to humans, contact with the skin, inhalation of vapors should be avoided. Its insidiousness is that its surface tension is less compared to water, antifreeze has much greater fluidity and detects the smallest cracks in the heating system, the existence of which you would never have known if you had not used antifreeze once. Through these microcracks, the toxic substance will flow out, and you will inhale it and get poisoned. A leak that has appeared, even the smallest one, will not disappear on its own, as sometimes happens with a water leak, the substance will pour until you repair pipes and joints.
2. Antifreeze is strictly forbidden to use if the heating system has a double-circuit boiler.
3. Antifreeze can ruin your heating system. It has a very low temperature, when it is used, the fabric of additives is destroyed, and the aggressive liquid begins to corrode the heating circuit. This is the main reason why the use of antifreeze for home heating is prohibited.
4. Antifreeze, despite its fluidity, has a viscous and heavy consistency, the circulation pump of the system must be much more powerful than usual by 15-20%. To pump this fluid, you will need to replace the circulation pump.
5. When stagnant, antifreeze forms white flakes that settle in the heating system and spoil it.

If all of the above properties of antifreeze did not convince you to choose another means for heating the room, then here are some tips on how to use it.

Comparative characteristics of antifreeze and water

In order for the heating system to work efficiently and heat the room, water was used, but recently this has ceased to suit the homeowners, and they began to give preference to an alternative option and purchase an antifreeze liquid. Consider the positive and negative effects of this product and water on the elements of the heating system.

"Pros" of antifreeze

High-quality liquid for heating batteries should have the following indicators:

• The safety that is necessary for those non-freezing solutions that are based on propylene glycol;
• Since a wide temperature regime is used when using the heating system, the radiator fluid must retain its active properties under any load;
• During the operational period, it must have the ability to maintain the heating system in working order;
• The full functioning of the entire system during the entire operational period depends on the quality of the antifreeze and the heating device;
• Protects against corrosion, scale and deposits;
• Does not interact with device seals and gaskets;
• Non-flammable and non-explosive;
• Provides high-quality work of the circulating pump.
• Antifreeze is used with special additives that prevent the coolant from foaming, forming scale on the inner shell of heating elements, and also prevents corrosion and dissolution or swelling of the sealant;
• It is not necessary to drain the anti-freeze liquid for heating radiators from the system, since all functional parameters of both equipment, components, and pipelines are preserved even at low air temperatures;

"Cons" of antifreeze

• If this coolant is used in the heating system, then when the system leaks into the air, fumes harmful to human health are released;
• Antifreeze is aggressive to the elements of the considered utility network;
• Since this coolant has a high viscosity (up to 20%) compared to water, this gives additional hydraulic loads to the pumps, so when buying a pump, they choose a model that has a performance margin.

It is important! Remember that different manufacturers have different antifreeze for radiators, some of them have components such as: glycerin, propylene glycol, bischofite brine, saline. And in order to reduce the load and increase heat transfer, the non-freezing liquid is diluted with distilled water, since in ordinary, a large concentration of calcium salt, which is deposited on the inner walls of pipes, heat exchangers and a pump

Choosing a liquid for heating systems at home

The efficiency of its functioning, the cost of maintenance and the service life depend on what type of liquid is used as a coolant in the heating structure. In the case when water is used as a liquid for heating systems, it is necessary to bleed the trapped air from the expansion tank quite often using a special tap. This container is located at the highest point of the heat supply structure.

The need for this procedure is due to the fact that the water contains oxygen, which eventually causes corrosion processes. They occur inside the pipeline and radiators and can lead to the complete failure of these elements of the heating system. Of all types of liquid heat carriers, consumers prefer to use water, since it has a large heat capacity, namely, it is able to maintain the degree of heating for a long time. Such characteristics of it are the reason for its widespread use for heating houses.

Which fluid to choose for heating installations

Water is the standard and most common heating fluid. It is environmentally friendly and non-toxic substance, inexpensive in cost. At the same time, with prolonged use, it provokes scale and corrosion processes.

If frosts suddenly set in, and the heating was not started, pipe ruptures are possible (since the volume of water increases by about 9% during the transition from a liquid to a solid state).

Thus, with all the disadvantages of using ordinary water, if you still live in the house permanently, then it is better to use it in the heating system.

Antifreeze is mainly used in cases where the room is rarely visited in winter and the heating does not work constantly, but starts as needed.

antifreeze propylene glycol liquid

Non-toxic varieties of antifreeze have been known for only a couple of decades. They are made from propylene glycol and are almost completely harmless to humans. Due to this quality, it is propylene glycol liquids that will be the best option for a dual-circuit system in a private house. They are easy to fill with your own hands.

According to the instructions, such compounds are allowed to be used before the onset of an outside temperature of -35 degrees, at a lower level, antifreezes can freeze.

The harmlessness of propylene glycol is proved even by the fact that this material is included in the list of approved food additives as E1520 and is often found in confectionery products, where it is used to soften and retain moisture. At the same time, propylene glycol antifreeze can also contain quite dangerous substances - additives that can affect the heating system.

They are necessary in order to avoid foaming or oxidation of pipelines and radiators, but they make the liquid dangerous for people. Antifreeze for heating of this type is identified due to the green dye specially added to it.

Disadvantages of Propylene Glycol

The disadvantage of propylene glycol-based antifreeze is the relatively high cost. At the same time, its density is less than that of the ethylene glycol coolant, and the thermal conductivity is worse. Therefore, such an antifreeze liquid is used very rarely in the heating systems of apartments or houses.

Fluid for batteries and boilers

Various fluids are used to keep the heating system in working order.

The design of the heating circuit can be different and made of various materials. We talked about this in our articles about wiring diagrams And types of pipes for different heating systems. The only thing that is constant is the presence of fluid in the circuit. It is possible without it, of course, but water heating is a priority. It is reliable and effective, a more worthy alternative has not yet been invented. Today we will tell you what fluids for boilers and heating radiators are used in modern systems. We will also help you figure out which coolants are preferable in different situations.

How to fill the coolant into the system

If you have a heating installation with natural circulation, then the coolant must be placed in an expansion tank, which is better placed slightly above the highest point of the system and connected with a strong hose.

There are two important things to keep in mind here:

1. bleed air(check all installed taps, if you use float valves that release air automatically, then just watch the filling);
2. Make sure the container is not empty, because then an air lock forms in the system and the liquid will have to be lowered again.

Thus, if ordinary taps are used, then it is better to carry out filling together - one person makes sure that the container is filled all the time, and the second checks the taps. In the presence of automatic taps, you can pour liquid into the structure yourself.

If you are operating a forced circulation plant, then the coolant must be supplied under pressure, using a pump with a lower water intake. Connect a strong hose to it and fasten it well at the joints. Dip it in a container with antifreeze and turn on the pump.

There are also nuances here:

1. Since the pump empties the tank rather quickly, then it is imperative to monitor its filling in order to avoid the formation of an air lock;
2. Monitor system pressure(so that it does not rise above 2–3 atmospheres), turn off the pump in time;

Before pumping antifreeze, it is better to fill the installation with water for a day in advance to make sure it is tight. Detection of a leak after the “non-freeze” is in the system is undesirable, as it is toxic and can enter the living quarters. Yes, and draining the liquid for troubleshooting is problematic.

If water was previously used in heating, then it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it has greater expansion properties than antifreezes. And before using them, it is necessary to change all seals at the joints, in order to avoid leaks.

And also it is worth considering that it will not be possible to drain all the water from the system, and then there will be an additional dilution of the non-freezing agent. To avoid loss of density, you need to mix the antifreeze solution with the concentrate approximately 1: 1.

Antifreeze liquids are not used if:

• You have galvanized pipes installed. This will entail chemical reactions resulting in the formation of a lot of salt precipitation, which will block the operation of the heating system;
• They are made on an ethylene glycol basis, and you have a double-circuit boiler in operation. In this case, the ingress of antifreeze from the heating cycle into the water supply circuit is not excluded, and this is dangerous for human health.
• Do you have an open heating system?, since the antifreeze may evaporate and its vapors are toxic.

Anti-freeze for heating price and technical indicators

What fluids are used in heating

Imagine a house without heating, you can't, that's the same thing. A warm home is one of the basic human needs, along with food and drink. Thanks to the installation of heating systems, our housing remains warm and cozy, then it is good at home. Very few understand heating, but for sure everyone knows that there is warm water in the batteries. This is where the knowledge ends, not to mention which liquid is preferable for a heating boiler or radiators.

The coolant is not the only fluid in the system. From time to time, the circuit needs cleaning, which is carried out by means of flushing compounds.

There are two types of heating, where liquid is used as a heat carrier:

• water;
• steam.

Yes, liquid is also involved in steam heating, because the steam must come from somewhere. There are two main categories of coolants:

• freezing liquid;
• non-freezing liquid.

The first category of liquid for radiators is ordinary water, which turns into ice (crystallizes) when the temperature overboard reaches -1 degrees Celsius. The second category includes various alcohol formulations. Of course, we are talking about industrial alcohol, and then not in its pure form, but as a base, to which various chemical elements are added. For convenience, they are called additives. There are many of them, since each performs a specific function.

If there is no urgent need to use anti-freeze, then distilled water will be the best liquid for radiators. Unlike the usual one, it has a minimum amount of various metal impurities, which then turn into scale. Since you need a lot of fluid for heating radiators, it will be expensive to fill them with purchased distilled water. But there is a way out, you can use free rainwater. Collecting it is easy.

In any case, in all houses there is an ebb from the roof. Place a barrel under it, and after rain, take water and pour it into the circuit. Of course, it must first be filtered and cleaned of various mechanical contaminants. It is better if it stands for a while so that the heavy particles precipitate. If you think this is inappropriate, then use plain water from where you can, as long as it is clean.

Do you know what is the best heating for a wooden house?

Read about everything about the heating device in a wooden house here.

For steam heating

Only water is suitable for steam heating. This is due to the principle of operation of such circuits. Initially, the liquid for steam heating is heated until it passes into a gaseous state. Then the gas passes through a system of heat exchangers, cools down and flows in the form of condensate into a container for collecting it. From this container, it is fed back to the heater. The use of antifreeze is impossible, since when heated, it loses its properties, and the gas released is not only poisonous, but also explosive.

For furnace heating

In this case, both types of coolant can be used. But let's see, when water heating is built into the oven? Of course, in the country, where else? It turns out that the system functions from time to time, and the coolant is always in it. That is, when the stove is not heated, the water can freeze, so it is better to use antifreeze. In addition, non-freezing liquid for stove heating will not harm the stove itself. Given the fact that such heating schemes are most often gravitational, then there is nothing more to break there.

For gas heating

If there is gas in a country house, this is great luck. In gasified houses, most often people live permanently, with the exception of rare cases. Therefore, water is predominantly poured into the heating circuits. It is allowed to use a non-toxic liquid for gas heating, but as practice shows, this is not necessary, even if the boiler is volatile. There is always an option to install an alternative power source:

• liquid fuel generator;
• solar panels;
• wind power plants;
• hydro turbines.

In addition, the use of antifreeze liquid for a gas heating boiler may be limited by the manufacturer.

Types of antifreeze

The market for this specific product is very extensive. Recently, due to the increase in demand for "non-freezing", manufacturers have greatly expanded their range.

Antifreeze liquids are made on the basis of various chemical compounds:

• Glycerin;
• ethylene glycol;
• propylene glycol;
• bischofite brine;
• saline solution.

The most common household "anti-freeze" are made on the basis of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol, glycerin and propylene glycol. Since these substances are highly aggressive, special components are added to them - additives.

The purpose of which is to prevent damage, corrosion, scale and foaming.

1. Ethylene glycol are the most popular among our customers. Their main advantage is their low price. But at the same time, it is the most toxic non-freezing liquid, the use of which in double-circuit boilers is prohibited, due to the high probability of getting into the water supply system, which is dangerous to human health. It should be borne in mind that with an increase in the boiling point of more than 110 degrees, ethylene glycol gives a precipitate that can disable some elements of the system.
2. propylene glycol similar in properties to the first type, but at the same time harmless and safe. They are recommended by most manufacturers.
3. Glycerin absolutely non-toxic and environmentally friendly, provide maximum protection against corrosion. It does not increase in volume during the transition to a solid state, and it is enough to simply heat it to start the system.
4. Antifreeze based on natural bischofite solution have unique physical and chemical properties. Low freezing point and high boiling point, as well as greater heat capacity and heat transfer than water, which is not typical for most of these products.
5. Solecoolants produced on the basis of solutions of mineral salts (magnesium, calcium, sodium and their compounds). A significant disadvantage of these liquids is the high corrosive aggressiveness to the equipment.

Antifreezes are sold either already diluted and ready for use (experts recommend using a coolant with a freezing point of -20 to -25 degrees), or in the form of concentrates, and then the solution must be prepared independently.

Example of dilution of ethylene glycol liquids. They are of two types:

1. With a freezing threshold not higher than -30 degrees (then, in order to reach a freezing point of -25, the mixture must be diluted with distilled water in a ratio of 9: 1);
2. With a freezing threshold not higher than -65 degrees (to get a freezing threshold of -25, antifreeze is mixed with water in proportions of 6: 4).

• Anti-freezes are ideal for home heating, which are rarely visited in winter and the system is off most of the time;
• Choose special equipment for the use of antifreeze;
• It is better to buy radiators with power 30-40% higher than conventional ones;
• Due to the increased viscosity of antifreezes, pumps it is desirable to use with enhanced hydraulics;
• If it is necessary to prepare a solution from the concentrate then use only distilled water for this;
• Do not mix different types of antifreeze, it is better to use one. But if there is no other way out, then first mix them in a container and see if a precipitate forms;
• It is unacceptable to use automobile antifreeze in heating structures, since it contains components whose use is unacceptable in residential buildings;
• It is better not to use a concentrate with a freezing threshold of -65 degrees Celsius in its pure form, this will lead to overheating of the heat exchanger and the decomposition of additives;
• But if the system uses a solution with a freezing point of no more than -25 degrees, and the temperature has dropped below (which is unlikely), then you should not worry. The heating system is not affected at all. Antifreeze will thicken, and when the temperature rises, it will take its original state, without loss of properties.
• To avoid leaks at sealing joints you can use automotive sealant.

Purpose

It is far from a secret that one of the most important components of a private house is the heating system. After all, only with the help of it can one endure severe frosts, from which no one is safe in our country, and indeed, in winter this is far from a rare occurrence. But, despite the readiness of the consumer for frost, it is necessary to foresee some surprises in advance. And, perhaps, the most dangerous of them can be a frozen heating system - it is not for nothing that this condition is considered an emergency.

For the heating system, an emergency situation does not bode well

It is important to note that this can occur not only in the central boiler room, but also in an individual boiler. For this reason, when designing any system, it is necessary to consider the conditions for providing additional security.

According to experts, the most common problem in a private house is the failure of boilers, and, as a rule, this always happens unexpectedly. To prevent such unexpected surprises, as well as to exclude the failure of the heating system and its subsequent cooling, experts advise using an anti-freeze liquid.

What antifreeze liquid to fill in the heating system

Summing up, it is possible to determine which non-freezing liquid to fill in the heating system. If you have unequivocally decided that you will fill the antifreeze into the circuit, then it is better to opt for propylene glycol or glycerin compounds. The former are more expensive, while the latter have slightly lower thermal conductivity and more weight. Considering the fact that propylene glycol antifreezes are the most modern, many consumers opt for them. It is better not to deal with ethylene glycol compounds, since the probability of contact with a person is quite high, and it is quite problematic to maintain a circuit with a toxic substance.

When is antifreeze not allowed?

To make a warm house safe, heating fluid must be used correctly. Unfortunately, manufacturers of antifreeze do not always warn the consumer about the cases in which it is forbidden to use their product. To avoid problems with heating, you need to know not only about the positive aspects of the "anti-freeze", but also about the negative ones.

It is not allowed to use it in a heating system where zinc or an electrochemical coating is present. Before choosing a coolant, you need to familiarize yourself with the recommendations of manufacturers of heating equipment. If the antifreeze reacts with zinc, it will change its composition, and hence the original properties. The equipment will be damaged.

Antifreeze liquid for heating boilers, which includes ethylene glycol, is operated only with single-circuit systems designed exclusively for space heating. Ethylene glycol is extremely toxic. If the circuit is double-circuit, there is a danger of toxic substances entering the hot water pipes.

With an open-type heating system, the “non-freezing” will also have to be abandoned. Evaporating, ethylene glycol will be harmful to health.

Important! Be sure to look at the label for information about the date of manufacture of antifreeze and find out if the expiration date for this product has expired.

Anti-freeze liquid for boilers and batteries

Antifreeze comes in different colors, it has nothing to do with its composition.

Anti-freeze liquid for water heating is used only in cases where a conventional coolant can freeze. This applies to the heating of houses where they do not live permanently, as well as to technical rooms such as garages or repair boxes. In general, wherever the system is heated irregularly.

In principle, all modern heaters are not very friendly with antifreeze. The fact is that the non-freezing liquid for the boiler has characteristics different from water, and the heater is designed and tested taking into account the fact that ordinary water will act as a heat carrier.

We have already described the characteristics of antifreeze in a previous article about antifreeze for heating system. Main points:

• high fluidity;
• high viscosity and density;
• dry rubber.

The difficulty of using non-freezes in modern circuits lies in the fact that not all boilers are compatible with them. Some manufacturers categorically prohibit this, and for violation of the ban, the unit is removed from the warranty.

And if such a heating fluid for gas or solid fuel boilers is quite applicable, then the composition is not recommended for use with electric heaters. What's the matter? In an electric boiler, the coolant is heated by a heating element. The temperature of the heating element reaches 500 degrees. The liquid is in direct contact with the heating element, which leads to its boiling. Not all, of course, but only that small part that comes into contact with hot metal. But even this is enough to:

• the structure of additives was destroyed;
• gas was released;
• foam was formed.

As a result of the destruction of the additive structure, a small part of the coolant, which is constantly increasing, becomes very aggressive. The gas is explosive and creates so-called air pockets. This leads to an increase in pressure in the heating circuit, water hammer and an explosion hazard. In general, there is little good. In addition, the foam also contains air, the thermal conductivity of which is minimal compared to even non-freezing liquid, not to mention water. It turns out that the coolant does not cool the boiler sufficiently, the unit simply overheats and stops.

In cases where the use of an antifreeze liquid for water heating is allowed, due attention should be paid to the choice of composition. This should be a product specially designed for heating, although some practice the use of machine antifreeze, but it is better not to do this.

For its manufacture, low-quality additives are used, toxic ethylene, and it is intended for something else. There is a high risk that such a coolant will turn your working, sealed circuit into an emergency one. There is also a high possibility of vapor poisoning or burns from contact with antifreeze.

Anti-freeze liquid for heating radiators does not pose a particular danger, unless the service life of the anti-freeze has expired and the chemical composition remains harmless. The only thing that can happen is a leak at the junction of the sections, which also causes a lot of trouble. There will be no harm to the metal from which the radiators are made, regardless of whether it is aluminum or steel.

It is easy to equip the stove heating of a village house.

Read more about universal stoves for heating your home at

When not to use antifreeze

Why is the question posed in this way? Everything is very simple - you can easily get acquainted with the specific positive qualities of antifreeze of any brand. Such information is actively distributed by manufacturers. For our part, we want to present those features of this technical fluid that they are trying to keep silent about:

1. Antifreeze cannot be used in double-circuit boilers - it is possible to mix the coolant from the heating circuit into the water supply circuit. As you know, non-freezing liquid is poisonous in its physico-chemical properties.
2. It cannot be used in open systems either - evaporation of the coolant is possible.
3. It is unacceptable to use antifreeze in a system with a galvanized pipeline - it is fraught with chemical changes and loss of its original properties.
4. The heat capacity of the non-freezing liquid is lower than that of water, which means that more powerful radiator batteries will be required.
5. The viscosity of antifreeze is also higher - more powerful circulation pumps are needed.

The capacity for antifreeze must be of sufficient volume, and correctly calculated according to the project

Conclusion

Of course, it is up to the consumer to decide what to fill in the heating batteries with water or non-freezing liquid, since there is no unequivocal answer to the question posed. The choice depends on the parameters of both the heating system and its elements, and on the properties and qualities of the selected antifreeze, so when buying a particular product, it is better to consult a specialist.

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