Installation of plumbing in a rural house. My wooden house

In the modern world, plumbing in a private house is as familiar as, for example, electricity. Even in old buildings where the pipe system was not laid, one can increasingly find newly arranged communications, which is much more convenient than running to a well or a column with buckets. In addition, modern installation methods make it easy to assemble the system on your own, which will help to significantly save on the services of specialists. In order to avoid difficulties with this issue, we will consider all the nuances of the device, distribution and connection of the water supply network in a private house.

Where will we download from?

Connecting a water supply to a private house can be carried out from several sources:

• central plumbing system;
• well;
• well.

Connecting to a centralized system or arranging an independent source is an individual matter for each owner. The choice depends both on economic feasibility and on the resource of the area: the availability of wells, the level of groundwater, their suitability for consumption.

Central water supply: advantages, disadvantages, connection

Joining the common arranged water supply routes has a number of advantages:

• there is no need to carry out survey work to locate the source;
• the water in them meets sanitary standards (at least it should);
• the cost of inserting into the central node is negligible;
• The house will have guaranteed water pressure.

These advantages within many areas are very arbitrary: there are outdated communications, which entail both a decrease in pressure due to the accumulation of mineral salts and rust on the walls of the route, and temporary water outages due to periodic repairs of broken channels. Due to the poor quality of the pipes on the main, the water gets re-contaminated, which leads to the need for its filtration and purification. Also, the disadvantages include the issue of obtaining permits, which can take a long time.

How to connect to the central water supply?

1. "Paper" cases. The process is slow, but necessary: ​​you need to get a plan of the area with communications from the Federal Land Registration Service. With this document and a building permit or the right to a house, they apply to the water utility department, which will issue the developed technical conditions for connecting this facility to the central network. On the basis of technical specifications, a licensed organization makes a project for laying pipes and connecting, which is then registered with the SES. Next, get permission from your local utility company to excavate for pipe laying. After that, you can get to work.

2. Installation. Only organizations that have permission for these actions can make a tie-in into the highway and lay the pipe system. Their list should be provided by the water utility. On your own, you can dig a trench, arrange a sand bed, fill up a finished underground track. The remaining operations are performed only by the contractor's specialists. They will connect the pipes to the central system, bring them to the house, and install water meters. After that, the representative of the water utility will draw up acts of putting the devices into operation.

Many acts are drawn up for all stages of work: for hidden work, for the disinfection of a water supply system, for putting devices into operation.

The central water supply in a private house can be both the main source and a backup when using an autonomous well or well in case of their repair, freezing and other situations.

We considered the question of how to conduct a central water supply to a private house. It is worth remembering that the use of this source by a large number of consumers is not entirely profitable - a cottage requires a considerable amount of water, which will have to be paid according to metering devices.

How to run water from a well?

Most often, the choice of a source of support is stopped at independent resources. The simplest in the device is a well. Its installation is relatively inexpensive, while, if the source allows, you can get water of satisfactory quality. The water pressure in the water supply in a private house connected to a well is unlikely to be high, but this factor also depends on the geological conditions of the area. This option is ideal for small houses with a small number of consumers or for non-permanent residence.

Installation

Installation begins with the arrangement of the well. If one already exists, then the task is simplified. They dig a trench with a depth below the level of soil freezing in the region (on average in Russia - 1.2 meters). The bottom is lined with sand. At a slight angle from the well to the house, a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm is laid from any suitable material (plastic, steel, polypropylene). The slope is necessary to avoid stagnant water in the track. The pipe is brought into the basement of the house through the foundation; for this, an injection site must be provided in it, which must be insulated and carefully isolated from moisture.

A pump with a screwed supply pipe and a check valve is lowered into the well to a depth of at least 40 cm from the bottom of the source. The power supply of the device is brought out in parallel with the pipe along the trench into the house. The supply pipe is connected to the main pipe by means of a special sealing nozzle in the wall of the well.

In the house, the pipe is led to the storage boiler. This completes the process of installing the outer part of the water supply.

The use of a well as a water supply resource is good because it does not require obtaining permits for the device, water can be used free of charge in an affordable amount. The cost of installation includes only pipes, the rest can be done on your own in 1-2 days.

We use the well

The water supply in a private house should provide consumers with good quality water, in the right volume and with sufficient pressure, without which the normal functioning of household appliances (gas heater, washing machine, dishwasher, plumbing) is impossible. For a cottage above the 1st floor, where a large number of appliances and taps are concentrated, a well is an ideal and most efficient resource. It can be both personal and joint (for several houses); can be located in the basement or on the site. Drilling and installation are carried out by specialists, but you can carry out water supply to a private house on your own.

We carry out the system

A powerful pump with a hose is lowered into the well, which is controlled automatically. The hose is attached to a pipe that goes through the sewer to the house in the storage boiler or to the distribution tee. When the well is located outside the house, the principle of laying the pipeline is similar to the conclusion from the well: from the pump room or pit, they dig a trench to the house, make a sand cushion and assemble the pipe route, then through the basement they bring communication into the house to the water supply tank. Connection and connection of pipes is carried out by means of threaded adapters.

Conducting water supply to a private house from the source to the storage boiler or distribution area is the first stage of work. This is followed by an internal wiring and device connection device.

Basic schemes

Plumbing in a private house is organized in two ways:

• serial connection of consumers;
• parallel pipe system.

The water supply scheme in a private house depends on the number of consumers, the size of the building itself, the power of the pumping station and the resource of the source.

consistent the connection system implies the passage of one pipe from the source throughout the building, for each device a personal outlet is made on it. Thus, consumers are connected one after another, and situations arise when, when one or more taps are turned on, there is simply no pressure in the most distant from the source or it is minimal. Therefore, such a system is appropriate for small country or residential houses in which 1-3 people live.

Parallel the connection diagram is an output from the distribution device of a personal pipe for each water consumption device. Thus, the pressure at all points is almost independent of the number of operating taps, if the pumping station and the resource of the source are powerful enough. This connection method is called a collector, it is its device that is most appropriate in cottages and residential buildings.

How to assemble an internal plumbing?

After you have decided on the choice of connection scheme, you can get to work. Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house is a process that is quite accessible to many, it is enough to be patient and have the necessary consumables.

System Composition

Both plumbing schemes consist of the following components:

• source of water extraction;
• pumping unit;
• hydraulic accumulator (storage tank);
• branching tee, which divides the volume of water into consumer and household needs (watering, car washing, bath);
• cleaning filtration system;
• water heater and distribution boiler;
• a tee that directs water into cold and hot pipelines;
• pipes.

The plumbing in a private house consists of a combination of these elements. Exceptions may be a hydraulic accumulator (if the source and pump are capable of providing the required amount of water at the required pressure), and the first branching tee that separates water for consumption and household (it may not exist, this installation is carried out if necessary).

What pipes to use?

Not only the quality of water, but also the frequency of wiring repair depends on the choice of material for the distribution system. What pipes for plumbing in a private house to use?

Copper - the most expensive, but at the same time the most reliable. They are not exposed to corrosion, ultraviolet radiation, microorganisms do not multiply in them. Copper withstands various temperature and pressure drops.

Metal-plastic pipes are the most common in house systems. The aluminum base, dressed in plastic, does not accumulate mineral deposits and does not rust, the outer coating is not afraid of moisture and UV exposure. The disadvantage is the inability to withstand temperature extremes and the tendency to freezing.

Steel pipes are durable, but if improperly processed at the factory, they can rust during operation.

Polypropylene is a good material for cold water supply. Pipes are durable, affordable. They do not oxidize. The system is easy to assemble, but the fastening is carried out with a special welding machine. Polypropylene pipes are not suitable for hot water supply, it is better to use metal-plastic.

In addition to the material, it is important to determine the diameter of the "vessels". When choosing a pipe for a water supply in a private house, the size is chosen based on the distance from the source to the consumer:

• with a total length of over 30 m - 32 mm;
• less than 30 m - 25 mm;
• in systems up to 10 m - 20 mm.

Pipes 10-15 mm in diameter are brought to plumbing fixtures.

We carry out the wiring

As we found out, any plumbing scheme in a private house consists of the same components. Therefore, purchase accessories in an amount sufficient to assemble an in-house system (pipes, adapters, connections). To find out how many parts and meters of pipes will come in handy, draw up a diagram of the future system if it is not provided for in the building plan.

Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house is mounted from a storage tank. We have already considered the laying of the system before it.

From the source through the pump, water enters the storage tank (hydraulic accumulator). It should be installed in a high but accessible place if the source supplies water intermittently or with insufficient pressure.

The next in line are filtering units, fastened according to the instructions, most often by means of a threaded connection.

Then they make a conclusion to the water heater along one branch and to the boiler - along the other. From them they already produce direct wiring to appliances (faucets, toilets). A pipe is connected to them by means of a threaded adapter. Next, a ball valve is installed between it (the adapter) and the tap hose (allowing you to shut off the water on the pipe itself).

How to regulate pressure?

The pressure of the water supply in a private house depends both on the operation of the source and pump power, and on the connection scheme. To increase this parameter, boilers are used at the inlet, accumulating water, the volume of which is constantly maintained by electrical installations.

Properly selected in diameter and well-mounted pipes are one of the factors affecting the pressure.

If the source is located far from consumption devices, it is necessary to use more powerful pumping units.

In any private house outside the city, one of the priority works is to carry out plumbing. Such a thing cannot be called simple, especially if the building is not new for a long time, however, many works on plumbing can be done even with your own hands.

Scheme

Drawing up a diagram can be called a rather important matter that it is undesirable to neglect. When the decision on the presence of a water pipe is made, you need to draw a diagram according to which it will be laid in the house. It is important to take into account all the elements, including filters, pumps, boilers, manifolds, and so on. The path along which the pipes will be laid, as well as the placement of all other elements, is applied to the diagram along with the designation of distances. This will help to calculate the required number of pipes.

In the scheme, laying pipes can be marked in 2 ways:

• Connecting in series. It is recommended for small houses, since this scheme requires a main pipeline, and a tee is provided from it to each water consumer. With a large number of consumers, the pressure will be insufficient.
• Using a collector. Separate pipes depart from it to consumers, so in all parts of the house the pressure will be equal. The cost of this option is more expensive, since the number of pipes will be greater.

Consider the most common scheme. The pipe from the source of water intake is led towards the pumping station, where there is a valve preventing the return of water. The outlet pipe pumps water into the accumulator, and a tee is installed behind it. Pipes depart from the accumulator for technical needs and for domestic water supply.

A pipe carrying water for use in the home leads to a purification system to rid the water of harmful impurities. Behind the water treatment system, a tee is again mounted, provided for the division of water. The pipe that conducts cold water goes to the collector, and the pipe that conducts future hot water is led to the heater. Shut-off valves are installed on the lines to water consumers from the cold water supply manifold. From the water heater, the pipe passes into the collector with hot water, and then the pipes are bred through the building.

Do-it-yourself installation

The most difficult and dusty work during plumbing is to create holes in the floor and walls. The remaining tasks (cutting and connecting pipes, installing a pumping station, connecting filters, connecting pipes to a collector and water consumers, and others), although they take a lot of time, do not require significant physical strength. And therefore, even a beginner is able to arrange everything on his own.

Types of pipes depending on the material

Having planned the installation of a water supply system, the first task will be the choice of pipes, in particular the material from which they will be made.

Copper

Such pipes are the most expensive, but are considered the best. Corrosion, microbes, ultraviolet radiation, increased pressure, temperature differences, and harmful additives in water do not harm copper pipes.

metal-plastic

These are aluminum pipes finished with plastic on both sides. Deposits do not accumulate on such pipes, rust does not develop. Outside, they are not affected by condensation or ultraviolet light. The disadvantages of such pipes are sensitivity to increased temperature (deformed at 95 degrees and above) and freezing.

Steel

Advantages of steel: durability and strength. Disadvantages: rust formation, labor-intensive work (the need for welding and threading when connecting).

Polypropylene

Differ in good technical characteristics, durability (serve 50 years), ease of installation. Reinforced polypropylene pipes have been created for hot water supply.

Such pipes do not oxidize and do not need frequent inspection, so they can be hidden under plaster. The difficulty in choosing such pipes lies only in the need to use a special welding apparatus to connect them.

Choosing the right diameter is also important. If it is insufficient, then due to the turbulence of the water flow, more lime will be deposited on the walls, and the movement of water will create more noise.

The diameter is selected, given that the water must move at a speed of up to 2 m / s. It is also important to base the selection on the length of the pipeline. With a length of up to 10 m, pipes d 20 mm will suffice, pipes with a diameter of 25 mm are suitable for a length of 10-30 meters, and for a longer pipeline length, choose pipes d 32 mm.

In order to correctly determine the diameter of the pipes for a house with a large number of residents, it is important to take into account the simultaneous water consumption in the house - how many appliances and taps will be turned on at once (how much water they will pass per minute). For a small family, but with a large number of water-consuming appliances, you need to calculate the total water consumption of all outlets, and then subtract 25-40%.

Welding of polypropylene pipes

The connection of pipes made of polypropylene, including reinforced ones, is made by welding:

1. Pipes are cut with special scissors, obtaining segments of a certain length.
2. Mark the welding spots to be cleaned using a damp alcohol wipe.
3. Having installed the necessary nozzles on the welding machine, turn on the device and set the temperature on it.
4. After heating the apparatus (the lights go out), we push the pipe sections onto the nozzles to the marks, but without turning.

When the pipes are already wound up, wait a few seconds and remove the nozzles (let your assistant hold the device), after which we connect the pipes clearly and quickly and hold them together a little. The result will be a smooth connection. When you don’t like the result, the connection section is cut off, and the procedure is carried out again. Welded pipes are left to cool for a short time and then used.

Plumbing in private homes

1. Prepared pipes are laid in the house, starting from water consumers.
2. The pipes are connected to the consuming point with an adapter so that a tap can be installed to shut off the water.
3. Pipes are laid to the collector. It is advisable not to pass pipes through walls, as well as partitions, and if this has to be done, enclose them in glasses.

For easier repairs, place pipes 20-25 mm from wall surfaces. When installing drain taps, create a slight slope in their direction. Pipes are attached to the walls with special clips, installing them on straight sections every 1.5-2 meters, as well as in all corner joints. Fittings, as well as tees, are used to combine pipes at angles.

When connecting pipes to the collector, shut-off valves are always installed (it is needed for repairs and the possibility of turning off water consumption).

Try to make a minimum of corners or turns so that pressure is lost to a lesser extent.

We carry water from the well

Water enters the well from shallow layers, so it often has a lot of impurities. Such water without purification is used for domestic as well as economic needs, and to make it potable, it is necessary to perform water treatment, having previously handed over the water for analysis. The main advantage of the well device is that its construction does not require permission from government organizations.

We carry water from the well

Since water comes from deep layers, it is cleaner than well water and has a stable chemical composition. Most often, such water does not contain microorganisms and harmful compounds. Having chosen this option of a water source for a private house, please note that a project and its approval are required for drilling a well.

Centralized water supply

It is ideal that the water supply of a private building comes from a well or well, as this will give your water supply autonomy. However, it is possible to connect the building to the central water supply (even if this is a backup source).

A permit is required to connect to the water mains. Engineers from the organization operating the central water supply will evaluate your project, the power of your pump, and the volume of water consumption. Meters will also need to be installed to control water consumption.

Plumbing

The outer part of the water supply can be laid openly or hidden in a trench. If an underground option is chosen, then it is important to install communications taking into account the depth of soil freezing. When installing the pipeline above the freezing level or above the ground, care should be taken for thermal insulation.

From the source, water is pumped by a pumping station, which is usually located in the basement, on the 1st floor or in the basement. It is advisable to place the station in a room with heating so that the water supply system functions in winter. A fitting is placed on the pipe from the source, suitable for the pumping station, so that when repairing the water supply, the water can be turned off. A check valve is also connected.

If it is necessary to turn the pipe, you need to use a corner. After that, with a quick connection, we install a ball valve, a coarse filter, a pressure switch, a hydraulic accumulator (if the pump is located in a well or in a well), an anti-dry running sensor, a fine filter and an adapter. In conclusion, check the serviceability by starting the pump.

It is represented by a sealed 2-section tank with water in one compartment and pressurized air in another compartment. Such a device is necessary for the stability of the pressure in the system, turning the pump on / off. When you open a faucet in a building, the water leaves this apparatus, which reduces the pressure. The result will be a switch and turn on the pump to increase the pressure.

The volume of the tank is selected taking into account the needs of the people living in the house. It can be 25-500 liters. Installing a hydraulic accumulator is not a prerequisite - you can use a storage tank on the top floor or attic, then the pressure for water supply will be created by the weight of this tank. However, such a system will not work if there is a washing machine in the house.

Water purification and preparation

Your source water will need to be laboratory tested for soluble salts and other impurities. This is necessary for the selection of filter systems. After passing the accumulator, the water enters the water purification system, located 0.5-1 meter from it.

Installing a collector and boiler

After the purification system, the water is separated into 2 streams. One is for cold water and goes to the collector, and the second is for hot water and goes to the heater. On all pipes of the collector and in front of it, it is obligatory to install a drain cock, as well as shut-off valves. The number of pipes will be determined by the number of water users.

A drain cock, a safety valve, and an expansion tank must be installed on the pipe leading to the heater. Also, a drain tap will be needed in the place where hot water will come out. After that, the pipe goes to the collector, in which there will be hot water.

Care and repair

The work of the water supply must always be monitored, and any leaks and other problems must be eliminated without delay. With a small breakthrough at the site of damage, you can install a rubber gasket, secured with a clamp.

For a quick repair, you can use cold welding, covering the breakthrough after degreasing with acetone.

With a fistula in a new pipe, a bolt is screwed into the drilled hole (if the pipe is old, this method is not suitable, as it will increase the fistula).

If the village has a public winter water supply, then you need to connect to it. To do this, first of all, you need to find out who the owner of the water supply is in order to conclude an agreement. After that, it remains to connect to the central pipe, stretch the water pipe to the house (at a depth, greater freezing depth) and mount the internal wiring. If there is no winter central water supply, then it is necessary to make an autonomous water supply system from a well or from a well.

It is important to properly design the water supply in a wooden house so that there are no leaks, and it is not difficult to eliminate accidents. All connecting elements must be easily accessible, and in frosty water should not freeze in any part of the water supply.

Digging or drilling?

Digging a well with an aquifer depth of up to 15-20 meters will cost a little less than drilling a well of the same depth. And cleaning a well in case of silting is easier than cleaning a well.

On the other hand, the debit (productivity) of the well is usually small, especially during the dry season: in the heat, the well can become shallow and even dry up. However, a shallow sandy well in a drought can also dry up, although not as quickly as a well.

So you need to see if the productivity of the well is enough for you and if the wells in the area dry out in the hot summer, and then decide what to choose - on a well or a well.

Well water

When the depth of the aquifer in the well is less than 8 meters, then you can pump water from such a well with a surface pump: it is cheaper and easier to operate. If the water consumption is not very large, then it may be advisable to purchase a pumping station: this is a surface pump, structurally combined with a small volume hydropneumatic tank and equipped with a pressure switch that automatically turns the pump on and off as needed.

If the water level in the well is below eight meters, then a submersible pump is required. A submersible pump operating in automatic mode must be protected from “dry running” in case the water in the well runs out. For this, submersible pumps are equipped with a float.

If the water pressure created by a single-stage submersible pump is insufficient for a given depth of the well, then multistage pumps are used. All this, of course, is reflected in the price.
It is advisable to close the well with a lid so that in winter the water does not freeze at the point where the water pipe exits the concrete well.

Well water

There are wells that take water from a sand lens - in this case, the water is no different from a well - and artesian wells drilled into a layer of limestone, in the depths of which there is an underground lake. Artesian water is a strategic reserve and a permit is required to drill an artesian well.

The depth of artesian water in different areas of the Moscow region varies widely - from 40 to 200 meters.

In drought, the sand lens sometimes dries up. The amount of artesian water does not depend on the weather.
Another feature of artesian water, and not the most pleasant one, is increased hardness and a noticeable content of iron ions. Artesian water requires softening and cleaning from iron. Water from a sandy lens in its composition and bacterial contamination can be anything - both excellent and unsuitable for drinking. Therefore, having drilled a well, it would be reasonable to hand over the water for analysis to the laboratory in order to know in advance whether a water treatment system (filtration and purification) is required and from what impurities.

The power and performance of the pump for the well are selected based on the depth of the well, its debit, the required pressure in the water supply system of a wooden house and the estimated water flow. A sand well pump must be protected by a sand filter and, like a well pump, equipped with dry-running protection. In an artesian well, a sand filter is not required.
The pump is attached to the head of the well, protected by a caisson, stainless steel cable. Raising it for repair or replacement is not an easy task, so it is desirable that the well pump be as reliable as possible. In particular, Grundfos borehole pumps are considered proven and reliable.

Bringing water to the house

The wiring of a water pipe from a well or a well to a house is carried out at a depth exceeding the average depth of soil freezing. The entry point is arranged under the house, preferably in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe bathroom and kitchen, and, if necessary, is insulated to eliminate the risk of freezing.

How is the water supply arranged in a wooden house?

In addition to the pump and outer pipe, the self-contained water supply system includes a hydropneumatic tank, a hot water preparation system, water pipes and, if required, a water treatment system. Let's take a look at all these elements.

Water treatment

It is possible to decide whether or not a water treatment system is needed in each specific case only on the basis of water analysis. Excessive hardness (content of calcium ions) leads to the formation of scale on the dishes, the rapid failure of washing machines and dishwashers. In principle, it is possible to drink water with an excess of the norm for iron, but it is not very beneficial for health. Therefore, in a house where they live permanently, it is desirable to purify such water from iron ions. Turbid water will have to be cleaned of mechanical impurities. Bacterial contamination inevitably leads to the need for bacterial cleaning.

Purification and softening of water occurs in a sequential chain of filters. The choice of a set of filters and their performance depends on the chemical composition of the water, its pollution and the consumption of water in the house.

The tanks of the water treatment system take up quite a lot of space. It may turn out that they require a separate room or, in any case, a significant area. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out a water analysis before the house is designed and built.

hydropneumatic tank

In order not to have to store a significant supply of water and at the same time maintain pressure in the system, a hydropneumatic tank is included in the modern water supply system. Thanks to him, the pressure is maintained in the water supply, which is necessary in order to create a constant pressure of water. When the pressure in the system starts to drop, which fixes the relay, the pump turns on and pumps water. From the maximum frequency of switching on the pump indicated in its passport, and the expected water consumption, the capacity of the hydropneumatic tank is calculated, which can vary widely - from 8 to 500 liters.

A hydropneumatic tank can be placed in a house or at the head of a well at a depth exceeding the freezing depth of the soil - the main thing is that the water in the tank does not freeze.

Hot water preparation in a wooden house

Hot water can be obtained in various ways: in double-circuit heating boilers, gas or electric water heaters. Both double-circuit boilers and water heaters are of two types: flow-through or boiler. Flow-through ones do not need additional capacity - a boiler, but they have low productivity. It is reasonable to use them in small houses with two plumbing points: a kitchen and a bathroom. For a larger number of water intake points, most likely, a boiler will be needed. It is advisable to know its volume in advance: a large boiler may require a separate room. In addition, it must be borne in mind that instantaneous electric water heaters consume a lot of power - is the allocated power enough?

What pipes are used in the water supply in a wooden house?

For hidden plumbing in a house, pipes made of metal-plastic are often used, which are supplied in rolls. Their main advantage is ease of installation.

If very high reliability is required or if there is a risk of accidental freezing, it is advisable to use XLPE pipes. These pipes from Rehau and Wirsbo are connected with highly reliable press fittings. In addition, they have the ability to recover their shape after deformation and, therefore, less than other pipes suffer from freezing water. They can be safely laid in a concrete screed.

Open wiring is best done with rigid polypropylene pipes, which look the most aesthetically pleasing and, moreover, within certain limits, expand when frozen.

Food-grade PVC pipes with a large diameter are used as pressure pipes in the water supply system.

We carry out the entire front of work on setting up water supply in a wooden house

The company "Country House" performs all engineering work related to the construction of wooden country houses. Including the installation of autonomous water supply systems, the laying and connection of water pipes, a hydropneumatic tank, a boiler, the organization of water treatment and hot water supply.

Providing a private house with water is one of the main components of a comfortable life outside the city. During construction, engineering networks are laid at the stage of laying the foundation. However, it is also possible to improve a long-built object during its overhaul. The source can be the central trunk system, into which, with the permission of the organization involved in its maintenance, a tie-in is made. Also, water supply can be drawn from a well or a well located on the site. In any case, it is necessary to lay engineering communications using modern materials and equipment.

What equipment is needed

To conduct water supply to a private house from an autonomous source, you need to stock up on the following equipment:

• pumping station;
• hydraulic accumulator (a special container into which a sufficient supply of water is pumped);
• a water treatment system installed on a pipe through which water is supplied for domestic needs;
• storage water heater.

Equipment for providing hot and cold water supply to a private house is compactly placed in the basement or any utility room of the facility

Shut-off valves must be installed in front of all types of equipment used in the system. This will allow devices to be disconnected from the system for repair or replacement without disrupting the water supply to the entire house.

How to make plumbing in a private house with your own hands

Water supply can be organized using two types of pumps:

• , not immersed in the source of water intake, provide water from a depth of 8-9 meters, therefore they are used in wells;
• submersible models are placed directly in a well or well, while their power allows you to raise water to a height of more than 200 meters.

Carrying from the well

A trench is dug from an existing or newly built well to the house, the bottom of which should be below the freezing mark in the area. Further, a 32 mm pipe (copper, steel, polypropylene or metal-plastic) is laid at the bottom of the trench at a slight slope towards the source. The slope is necessary in order to prevent stagnant water in the pipeline. The pipe is led into the basement through a hole in the foundation, which is insulated. Otherwise, in severe frosts, freezing may occur in this place.

The pipeline running from the well to the basement of a private house is laid in a trench dug, taking into account the depth of soil freezing in the area

From the well

It is also possible to provide water supply to the house from an autonomous source, which is usually a well or a well. Water from open reservoirs is recommended to be used only for technical purposes, it is not suitable for drinking and cooking.

Video: how to provide yourself with clean water

The laying of communications from a well, protected from freezing and ingress of contaminated wastewater with a caisson (metal container), begins with the assembly of a bundle of cable, safety cable and water supply pipe, pasted over with aluminum tape. Then a submersible pump is attached to them and lowered into the well. On the surface, the cord is wrapped with insulation, after which they begin to lay it on the bottom of a one and a half meter trench dug from the well to the house.

Important! The depth of the trench may be different, depending on the degree of soil freezing in the area.

Installation scheme for the water supply of a private house from a well drilled to an aquifer by a licensed company using a powerful rotary drilling rig

They bring a pipe and cable into the house, then put:

• a tank that will allow you to turn on the pump as needed;
• control unit designed to protect the system from power surges, as well as from overheating.

Features of connecting to the central highway

If there is a central water supply in the village, it is not difficult to equip a water pipe in a private house. Especially if the highway passes near the object. After obtaining permission to connect from the organization serving the water supply system, a tie-in is made within a couple of days in accordance with the technical specifications and cost estimates. Digging trenches to the required depth is carried out with the help of special equipment, so earthwork takes only a few hours.

Important! Work may be delayed if you have to dig manually. In some cases, special equipment cannot be used, otherwise the communications already laid earlier may be damaged.

Next, a pipeline is laid from steel or polypropylene pipes, shut-off equipment is installed in the manhole and in the house. After the completion of outdoor work, they proceed to the wiring inside the room according to the scheme.

How to ensure good water pressure

For normal operation of plumbing and household appliances, a certain pressure of water must be maintained in the pipeline. To achieve a sufficient level of pressure in the pipeline, a water tank or a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the attic. A water intake is installed in the well, equipped with a filter mesh and a check valve. The water supply to the system is organized using a pump that can automatically turn on when the pressure drops and turn off when the value of this parameter is restored.

When calculating the volume of a water tank, it is assumed that for each person permanently residing in a private house, 50 liters are required per day. In addition, a supply of water is laid to extinguish a possible fire. When choosing a hydraulic accumulator, the calculation of the volume is carried out taking into account the fact that each tap should have 20 liters of flow per day.

Internal wiring of water points

The scheme for laying water pipes can be done in two ways:

• serial connection of consumers to the system;
• collector connection.

The first method is recommended for use in small houses with a small number of water consumers. The system can cope with the needs of one or two tenants. With a larger number of residents, inconvenience may occur, since when several points of water intake are turned on at the same time, the pressure drops in the system. As a result, in the most remote place, the water runs barely.

The collector wiring diagram of the water supply system in a private house or cottage allows you to provide excellent water pressure at all points of water intake

The second method of arranging a water supply system is more difficult, but during operation there are no problems with pressure. Therefore, in cottages, piping is carried out according to the collector scheme.

With a significant removal of the consumer from the pumping station, there will, of course, be pressure losses in the pipeline. However, their quantitative values ​​are an order of magnitude smaller than the losses when water consumption devices are connected in series.

To independently equip the water supply, you need to have free time and skills in conducting construction work. If you feel a deficiency of the first or second, then it is better to contact specialists. Of course, you will have to pay for their work, but you will get a quick and high-quality result. It is not worth saving on the installation of the system, because these are long-term investments that ensure the comfort of living in a private house.

Making plumbing in a private house is a difficult and responsible job, but doable. By choosing the right materials and wiring diagram, you can do all the plumbing work with your own hands, without involving employees. But for beginners who do not have relevant experience, it is advisable to enlist the help of a professional.

Where to start installing plumbing?

At the heart of the installation of any water supply is the selected wiring diagram. Only after its preparation, you can begin the selection of materials and proceed directly to the installation. Also at the planning stage, it is decided how many water points (or users) will be in the house. It will depend on which system to prefer - collector or tee.

Which scheme is better - collector or tee?

The tee wiring diagram for water pipes implies their serial connection to a common riser. So, one pipe is connected to the pipes of cold and hot water. With the help of tees, additional pipes are diverted to individual users, and the pipe itself ends with the connection of the last draw-off point.

The advantages of such a solution:

• ease of installation - no special knowledge is required when connecting additional elements;
• low cost - half as many pipes are used;
• compactness - tees are connected directly near the draw-off points.

But there are also disadvantages - when all users are turned on at the same time, the pressure in the system drops dramatically, and connecting a new point is quite problematic (you will have to insert another tee).

The collector water supply system is distinguished by the parallel connection of users, when a special splitter - a collector is connected to the pipes for discharging cold and hot water from the riser. And already each point of water intake is connected to this collector.

Advantages of the collector system:

• convenience - all connection points are collected in one place;
• reliability - one pipe goes to each user, which minimizes the risk of leaks;
• pressure stability - in the collector, the same pressure is supplied to each point, so even turning on all the taps at the same time will not lead to a loss of pressure.

The disadvantages include the high cost due to the increased consumption of materials and the need to allocate space for connecting collectors.

The right plan is the key to success

In order not to have to redo half of the water supply system due to the fact that several key elements were forgotten during installation, it is very important to correctly draw up the wiring diagram. It should include all draw-off points, passage elements and valves. The diagram shows the pipe diameters, the location of the water heater and the pump (if the water comes from a well or well).

By resolving all controversial issues at the planning stage, you can avoid annoying mistakes in the future. This will also allow you to pre-calculate the required length of pipes and the number of all fittings and tees.

At the same time, it works effectively even when connected to a centralized water supply. For example, if the water is turned off, there will still be 200 liters of water left in the storage tank, which is enough for domestic needs. And even with a power outage, a tank located 4 m above the water consumers will provide a pressure of 0.4 atm., Which is quite enough for water from the mixers to flow by gravity.

The scheme is quite simple:

1. A storage tank is connected to the main water pipe. If water comes from central water supply pipes with variable pressure, an additional pump will have to be installed at the inlet, which will provide a constant water pressure.
2. To protect the pump from burnout in the absence of water, a dry-running sensor is installed that turns off the power.
3. If water comes from a well, only a pumping station is installed after the tank - to ensure a constant pressure at the points of water intake. It is advisable to choose stations with burnout protection already installed. Otherwise, you must also install a dry running sensor - to turn off the station when the tank runs out of water.
4. It is important to provide overflow protection in the storage tank - for example, a float switch.
5. The piping from the tank is often tee, as this option is chosen for houses with a maximum of 5 users (shower, washbasin, toilet, washing machine and sink in the kitchen).

Pipe selection - their size material

For plumbing pipes are used from:

• copper is an ideal choice, but quite expensive;
• reinforced polypropylene (PP) - a special welding machine is required for installation (it can even be rented by the day);
• steel - corrosion and the need for threading makes such pipes unpopular;
• metal-plastic - has an excellent value for money, but can only withstand temperatures up to 95 degrees (this must be taken into account when choosing a water heater and what outlet temperature it gives).

Copper pipes will "survive" even the foundation of the house, but if the budget is limited, you can stop at PP or metal-plastic. At the same time, only reinforced polypropylene is used for hot water - the central reinforcing layer is visible on the cut.

This is much more reliable than compression fittings, which will have to be tightened annually, and still they will soon begin to leak.

For laying street water pipes, both PP pipes and HDPE pipes can be used. The former are used if an underground connection of pipe parts is necessary, while the latter are laid in a continuous piece.

On the pipe itself, there is always a marking (size, GOST) - pipes without inscriptions indicate their low quality.

• incoming water pipe - 32 mm;
• riser pipe - 25 mm;
• branch pipes from the riser - 20 mm;
• outlet pipes to devices - 16 mm.

But at the same time, the diameter of the device connection must be taken into account. So, often boilers have an inch pipe outlet (25 mm), this must be taken into account even at the stage of buying a boiler and accessories. In addition, instantaneous water heaters are sensitive to system pressure, so it is advisable to connect 20 mm pipes to them.

Pump or pumping station?

If there is no central water supply and water has to be taken from a well or a well, each owner is faced with the question of choosing a pump. The pumping station can lift water to a height of no more than 9 m (the horizontal length of the pipes does not matter). Therefore, it is suitable for most wells or shallow wells. Its advantages are the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a protective mechanism against burnout.

If the depth of the aquifer is below 9 meters, there is only one way out - a submersible pump. It provides a stable and strong water pressure, but you will have to install automatics that protect against burnout and a storage tank yourself. The latter is optional, but increases the life of the pump.

Plumbing installation

The installation of the plumbing itself is not particularly difficult:

1. The layout of the laying of the future water supply is done - on the walls, in the screed or under the ceiling.
2. Holes are made in the walls or pipes are laid in the floor screed. In the latter case, the pipes should be no further than 15 cm from the wall and no closer than 20 cm from future furniture.



3. It is much easier to carry out external wiring, where pipes are attached to the wall with special clips. It is important to remember that polypropylene pipes cannot be fixed rigidly - they must be provided with the possibility of expansion during temperature fluctuations.



4. Clips are placed at a distance of 1-2 m from each other. If you need to fix a pipe of large diameter or weight, clamps are used - for reliability.
5. For external wiring, pipes through walls and ceilings must pass in sleeves - covers made of non-combustible material filled with a sealant (for example, mineral wool). This is done to reduce noise during the passage of water. The sleeve can be cut to the level of the walls and ceiling, but it must protrude 3 cm above the finished floor.



6. Special strips (sockets) for mixers are attached to the wall. Without a lot of building experience, it will not work to “drown” them into the wall so that the outlet pipes are flush with the wall. Therefore, they can be left protruding - the decorative caps of the mixer will cover them.





7. The assembly of the pipeline can take place both "on the air" and on the table, when the assembled parts simply fit into the holes made. As practice shows, the latter is possible only with a very well-designed wiring diagram. Otherwise, you still have to adjust the details "in place".
8. Cutting pipes should be carried out with a special pipe cutter - you cannot saw them, the connection will be unreliable. At the same time, polypropylene and metal-plastic pipes are cut with different tools.







9. If you need to lay a curved "route", metal-plastic pipes can only be bent with a radius that is not less than 5 outer diameters of the pipe. Otherwise, the service life of the pipe cannot be predicted. Fittings are used for corner joints.

The principle of working with polypropylene pipes, their soldering and installation, are shown in detail in the video: