Terek Cossacks: vkd_prisud - livejournal. Terek Cossacks or Tertsy The emergence and development of the Terek Cossacks

Terek Cossacks
“Don Cossacks, Terek Cossacks, Yaik Cossacks are fighting in a fiery battle; and the Zaporizhzhya Cherkasy - both fiery and bow ”/

Cossacks first appeared on the Terek around the 16th century. The people who called themselves Grebensky were either from the Don Cossacks, or from the Cossacks of the Ryazan Ukraine.

Cossacks-combers helped the kings build the fortress of Terku, reconnoitered and guarded the lands in the Caucasus. The Turkic Cossacks considered themselves free people, but many of them went to the service of Russia in order to protect the borders from Tatar and mountain raids.
In 1577, the Terek or Grebenskoye Cossack army was already an official armed formation. Cossack settlers from the Don and Khopra, Orthodox Ossetians, Circassians, Georgians and Armenians who fled from the Persians joined the ranks of the Terek Cossacks.

In the XVII-XVIII centuries, the Terek Cossacks fought with the Kuban Sultan Kaib, with the Chechens and Kumyks, who attacked their villages and "driven away the cattle and captured the people."

Cossacks, free people, did not always obey the tsar's orders - and often sheltered fugitives, causing dissatisfaction with the authorities. Despite this, in 1721 the Grebensky army was included in the armed forces, a new fortress was built, and then the city of Kizlyar was laid, in which the Terek Cossacks began to live and serve together with the North Caucasians loyal to the Russian Empire.

Cossacks polyglots
In 1832, the Terek-family and Grebensky Cossack regiments were united with others that were located on the Terek River and on the Mozdok line, and they formed the Caucasian linear Cossack army.

The peculiarities of the life of the Tertsy, surrounded by the Caucasian highlanders, draw their roots precisely in active ethno-cultural mixing - for example, as Leo Tolstoy wrote, the Terek Cossacks boasted of their knowledge of other languages: “Well done Cossack flaunts knowledge Tatar language and having cleared up, he even speaks Tatar with his brother ”(Tatar here means one of the languages ​​​​of the Caucasus - Kumyk or Karachay-Balkarian).

In 1860, the Terek region was formed, a unit Russian Empire with its capital in Vladikavkaz, which existed for 60 years. Before World War I, there were 260,000 Terek Cossacks.
In 1917, the Mountain Republic was declared in Dagestan and in some districts of the Terek region. The Terek Cossacks made an alliance with the highlanders and created a united government. However, while the Cossacks were at the front, soldiers of the Caucasian army, agitated by the Bolsheviks, and mountaineers attacked their villages. A civil war broke out, and in 1918 the Terek Soviet Republic was formed.

The Cossack Congress at that time decided that it was breaking off all relations with the Bolsheviks. The Red Army smashed the villages of the rebellious Tertsians and completely evicted them from their inhabited lands.

The mountaineers then attacked the survivors and robbed them. The Soviet decree "On the destruction of estates and civil ranks" hit the Cossacks especially sharply. Self-government of the Terek Cossacks was destroyed, the highlanders North Caucasus they returned the lands at the expense of the Cossack possessions, which meant the complete eviction of numerous villages and the absence of any prospects for the Cossacks.

Tragedy of 1921
In early 1921, the leaders of the Chechens and Ingush demanded the eviction of the Cossacks from the territory of the Mountainous Republic. As a result, on March 27, 1921, 70 thousand Terek Cossacks were deported within one day.

35 thousand of them were destroyed on the way to the railway station by the red Ingush and Chechens, and the villages were burned. According to eyewitnesses, the Cossacks were divided into groups:

“Our village was divided into three categories. "White" - the male sex was shot, and women and children were scattered, where and how they could escape. The second category - "Reds" - were evicted, but not touched. And the third - "communists". "Communists" had the right to take everything movable property. The yards of the entire village came to the Chechens and Ingush, who fought each other for our good "

Even Stalin, who initiated the repressions against the Cossacks, recognized what had happened as a blunder of the Red Terror policy: “The highlanders understood that now they can offend the Terek Cossacks with impunity, they can be robbed, take away their cattle, dishonor their wives”

According to Orzhonikidze, the eviction of the Cossack villages was a measure to curb hunger: “After the expulsion of the White Guards, it was immediately planned to evict 18 Cossack villages (60 thousand people), whose lands cut like a wedge into the mountain lands. It was supposed to eliminate the land hunger of the mountain poor and the striped strips in this way.”

Despite the fact that the eviction of the villages was recognized as an erroneous measure, twenty thousand Chechens had already been resettled on the territory of the Cossacks.

In 1921, a special resolution “On the introduction of Sharia legal proceedings in the Mountain ASSR” was adopted in the Mountainous Republic, which lasted until 1927. The requests of the Cossacks to return to their homeland were ignored. Giving freedom to the highlanders, Stalin declared:

“Giving you autonomy, Russia thereby returns to you those liberties that the bloodsucking tsars and oppressors tsarist generals stole from you. This means that your inner life must be built on the basis of your way of life, manners and customs, of course, within the framework of the general Constitution of Russia.

Terek resistance and emigration
The Terek Cossacks wrote collective letters, where they said that “the Russian population is disarmed and powerless to physical resistance and self-preservation. Auls, on the contrary, are overflowing with weapons, every resident, even teenagers 12-13 years old, are armed from head to toe, having both revolvers and rifles. However, the repression continued.

The Cossack reaction to them was the organization of gangs, which together consisted of 1300 people. These detachments raided the nearby villages, and in addition to the Cossacks, Kabardians, Ossetians and Stavropol peasants joined them.

After the Terek Cossacks were rebuffed by self-defense, they fell apart - many voluntarily surrendered.

The Terek Cossacks who emigrated mainly settled in the territories of Bulgaria, where they worked as builders and in agriculture. The rest of the Cossack emigration broke up into small groups scattered across the Balkans, and then moved to other countries - to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and the USA. In France, the Terek Cossack Choir was organized in Lyon, in the USA - the New York village and the Society for Helping Children of Russian Emigration. The Terek general led the Union of Russian military invalids in Yugoslavia, the Terek army had its own agricultural farm in France (however, it was dissatisfied with the wheat yield and remembered its native steppes).

Part of the Cossacks in 1929 was resettled from France and Yugoslavia to Peru, where the president, surprised by the discipline of the Cossacks, decided to provide large funds for their emigration. The Cossacks were never able to form the Cossack "Peruvian army": the regime changed in Peru, the Cossacks went to Uruguay. There is also a well-known story about a Terce who ended up on a plantation in Brazil and became a slave, but then fled and was accepted into an Indian tribe, where he soon became a leader.

The Terek Cossacks or Grebentsy are the Cossacks who live along the rivers Terek, Sunzha, Assa, Kura, Malka, Kuma and Pokumo in the North Caucasus. The Terek Cossack army is the third oldest among all the Cossack troops, and the main headquarters of the Terek Cossacks is in the city of Vladikavkaz. The Terek Cossack army celebrates its holiday on August 25, honoring the memory of the captivity of the Murids during the reign of Shamil in the village of Gunib in 1859. Among all the advantages of the Terek Cossacks, it is worth noting their peacefulness and ability to live in harmony. On the territory of the Terek Cossack army live Grebensky, lower Tertsy, Agrakhans, Semey Tertsy, Kizlyar, Volga, Mozdok, Vladikavkaz and Sunzhen people. Of course, the Terek Cossacks could not do without their own website, where you can find the latest news about the affairs and projects of the Terek Cossack Host. Today, the Terek Cossacks are constantly developing not only thanks to the actions of the ataman, but also to numerous events that are constantly organized by the Terek Cossack society.

For example, most recently Ataman Klimenko in his speech listed a number of legislative acts Russian Federation, which are designed to help the revival of the Terek Cossack society and contribute to the involvement of the Cossacks in all types of public service. Among them were also presidential decrees on the establishment of a coat of arms, banner, ranks and a decree on the wearing of edged weapons in the process of public service. The ataman of the Terek Cossack army made a huge contribution to the development of the Cossacks, and thanks to him, the document "Strategy for the Development of Russia's Policy Regarding the Russian Cossacks until 2020" appeared. Sergei Alexandrovich Klimenko noted that today practically nothing is being done to develop the Terek military Cossack society. However, this document contributes to the solution of numerous problems. The overwhelming majority of members of the Terek Cossack society are eager to serve the Motherland and carry public service. Atman of the Terek Cossack army held several meetings with the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation Alexander Khloponin. The fact is that the government promised to endow the Terek military Cossack society with a federal land fund and a building for the headquarters of the TKV. Also, the Russian authorities promised to help the Terek Cossacks in the creation of Cossack cadet corps. Unfortunately, while this issue has been suspended, however, the Terek Cossack army is doing everything possible to resume work regarding the above projects. As we have already mentioned, the chieftain is not the only Cossack who is trying to help the development of the Terek Cossacks. More recently, the Terek Cossacks turned to the Supreme Commander of Russia. On June 8, 2013, more than 4,000 people gathered in the sports complex of the city of Lermontov, Stavropol Territory. The Terek Cossacks hoped that this open meeting of the Terek military Cossack society would remind the administration that the question of the development of the Terek Cossacks remained open, and the Grebensky were eager to serve their state on a regular basis. In total, 3,227 people attended the gathering, and there was only one reason - a mass appeal to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Russia, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.

Also, the Terek Cossacks today pay a lot of attention to the Orthodox faith. The appeal to the President of the Russian Federation was supported by the Chairman of the Synodal Committee for Interaction with the Cossacks, Metropolitan Kirill of Stavropol and Nevinnomyssk. The Metropolitan held a prayer and after it turned to the Cossacks: “Dear Terek Cossacks! When we overcome sin, each of us will be ready to lay down our lives for our loved ones. It was then that we would have thousands of Cossack classes and many Cossack corps. The time will come when every Terek Cossack will confess and take communion in the temple of God. Cossacks will be respected and feared by people who sin. Therefore, the Terek Cossacks today must start with themselves and correct their own sins. As always representative from Orthodox Church got to the point.

After Metropolitan Kirill, the chairman of the State Duma of the Stavropol Territory, Yuri Vasilyevich Bely, spoke, who during his speech emphasized that the Terek Cossacks are a force that must be constantly supported. The representative of the authorities promised that the regional Duma would begin work on improving the laws on the Terek Cossacks and would soon adopt several projects that would contribute to the development of the Terek military Cossack society. The head of the city of Lermontov thanked the Cossacks and the leadership for organizing such a mass event. In fact, the concern of the ataman of the Terek Cossack army can be understood. Indeed, today on the website of the Terek Cossacks it has been repeatedly noted that the Terek Cossacks today do not have their own source of income, not to mention the military treasury. It is for this reason that they cannot fully fulfill the tasks that were set by the President of the Russian Federation. As stated by the ataman of the Terek Cossack army, first of all, it is necessary to create a material base in order to equip and professionally train future security units and squads of the Terek Cossacks. After the appearance of a source of income, the Cossacks will have the opportunity to build cadet corps to train pre-conscription youth. However, the Terek Cossacks do not lose hope and are constantly trying to contribute to the development of the Terek military Cossack society. The last amendment to the charter of the Terek Cossack army was adopted on August 18, 2011. This document applies to the Terek military Cossack society, as well as to the societies that are part of the TKV. According to this document, the location of the Terek Cossack army is the city of Vladikavkaz and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The charter of the Terek Cossack army implies that the TVK was created by combining the Alan Republican District Cossack Society, the Kizlyar District Cossack Society, the Stavropol District Cossack Society, the Terek-Malkinsky District Cossack Society and the Terek-Sunzhensky District Cossack Society. Also, the charter of the Terek Cossack army states that this society created and operates on the basis of the principles of voluntariness, equality, legality, self-government, respect for human rights, as well as the preservation and development of Cossack traditions. Each Cossack undertakes to obey the federal state authorities and the laws of the Russian Federation. On the website of the Terek Cossack army, you can find a lot of interesting information about history, read the full version of the charter, and even get acquainted with the structure of the troops. The site of the Terek Cossack army was created not only for the Cossacks, but also for those who wish to become a full member of the Terek Cossack society. The site of the Terek Cossacks was created to develop the traditions of the Cossacks and disseminate information for all members of society. Special attention Terek Cossacks devote to the day of St. Bartholomew. According to official figures, St. Bartholomew's Day is widely celebrated by the Catholic Church. Saint Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus, however, the facts from the history of his life contain many inaccuracies. After the ascension of Christ, he devoted himself to pilgrimage and went to preach in India. It was there that he left a copy of the gospel of Matthew. Today, St. Bartholomew is celebrated not only by Catholics, but also by Terek Cossacks. As you yourself know, the Terek Cossacks are mostly Orthodox, and according to legend, Bartholomew is the same person as the Apostle Nathanael. In any case, despite the "Catholic" character, the feast of St. Bartholomew's Day is celebrated among members of the Terek Cossack army. And now we propose to talk about the history of the Terek Cossacks and some chieftains of the Terek Cossack army. Note that without knowing the history of the main figures of the Terek Cossacks, it is impossible to continue the story about this wonderful army.

Starting a story about the history of the Terek Cossacks, one cannot fail to mention one of the most prominent Cossacks - Ataman Karaulov. Mikhail Alexandrovich Karaulov was the chieftain of the Terek Cossack army, a deputy of the State Duma and even the head of the Provisional Terek-Dagestan government. During his long life, he did many glorious deeds for the Terek Cossacks and even wrote several books on the history of the Terek Cossacks. Ataman Karaulov was born in the village of Tarskaya in the family of a nobleman. It turns out that Ataman Karaulov was a hereditary nobleman. In 1901 he graduated from the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University, and in 1902 he entered the Nikolaev Cavalry School. In 1905, with the rank of podsaul, he retired from active military service. Mikhail Aleksandrovich was an active participant in the February Revolution of 1917. He managed to become a member of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, and on March 27, 1917 he became the chieftain of the Terek Cossack army. Throughout his career, he tried to solve agrarian and national problems in the North Caucasus, while speaking out against anarchy in this land. Unfortunately for everyone, Ataman Karaulov was killed in December 1917. A group of armed soldiers of the 106th Ufa Regiment, led by Zotov, who were returning from the Caucasian Front and were at the station, learned that none other than Ataman Karaulov was in the car. They asked him to get out of the car, to which he refused. A shootout began, as a result of which Ataman Karaulov and all his escorts were killed. The body of the ataman was dragged out into the street, looted and stripped. A hundred Terek Cossacks advanced to the aid of Ataman Karaulov, but most of the criminals escaped. The Terek Cossacks found several soldiers in the carriage and shot them. After that, the body of Ataman Karaulov was buried with honors in Vladikavkaz. Zotov was found and executed.

Stepan Dmitrievich Rybalchenko is a famous Soviet military leader who was born into a Cossack family. He was forced to start working at the age of six, because his father died very early. Rybalchenko is known for his participation in the Civil and Great Patriotic War. During the Civil War, he participated in battles with the Cossacks under the command of Shkuro. It is unlikely that Rybalchenko can be ranked among the Cossacks because he never positioned himself as a Terek Cossack. Much more attention deserves Colonel Kolesnikov, who over 60 years of his life managed to rise to the rank of major general and become a hero of the First World War. Colonel Kolesnikov was born in the Ischerskaya village of the Terek Cossack army. On December 3, 1880, he was promoted to cornet, five years later to centurions, and in 1899 he became captain. In 1908, he received the rank of military foreman. On January 18, 1912, Colonel Kolesnikov was appointed commander of the 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment. For special merits, Colonel Kolesnikov was awarded a special award - St. George's weapon. He received such a high award thanks to the courage in the performance of his duty to the Motherland. On May 3, 1915, Colonel Kolesnikov, together with the 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment of the Terek Cossack Army, on the condition that the infantry units of the ally were driven out by superior enemy forces, threw all his forces into the attack under the destructive fire of the enemy. As a result of this desperate step, Colonel Kolesnikov stopped the advance of the enemy, and the allied troops, inspired by his example, finished off the enemy troops and fortified their former positions.

Continuing the story about the history of the Terek Cossacks, it is worth mentioning Vladimir Staritsky, who was born in the village of Mekenskaya. Vladimir Staritsky graduated from the Astrakhan School and the Kiev Military School, after which he entered the service in the 1st Volga Regiment. Cossack Vladimir Staritsky served in the 3rd Railway Battalion, where he mastered the course of telegraph and demolition, and also took a training course in weapons and shooting at the Officer Rifle School. He began to fight in the rank of commander of the Cossack hundreds of the 2nd Volga Regiment. For special merits, Vladimir Staritsky was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir with swords and a bow. In 1918 he participated in the Terek uprising as the commander of the Zolsky detachment. He also served as commander of the 1st Volga Regiment and the 1st Brigade of the 1st Terek Cossack Division of the All-Union Socialist Republic. In 1920 he joined the Russian Renaissance Army. After emigration, Vladimir Staritsky lived in America. In 1950 he was a member of the commission for the selection of the ataman of the Terek Cossack Army. During the years of service he received the rank of major general.

Among the famous figures of the Terek Cossack army, it is also worth noting Nikolai Baratov, a Russian general from the cavalry. Nikolay Baratov came from the noblemen of the Terek Cossack army. He began his studies at the Vladikavkaz real school, and entered the regular service in 1882. In 1885 he graduated from the Second Konstantinovsky Military School and the Nikolaev Engineering School. In the rank of cornet, Nikolai Baratov entered the service of the First Sunzheno-Vladikavkaz regiment from the Terek Cossack army. In 1887 he became a captain, and 20 years later he rose to the rank of major general. Since 1907, he was in the post of the Second Caucasian Army Corps with the rank of lieutenant general. Nikolai Baratov is known for his participation in the First World War. Together with the 1st Caucasian Cossack Division, he performed tasks to counter the pro-German forces in Persia. December 3, 1915 took the ancient capital of Persia - Hamadan. During the years of the Civil War, after the October Revolution, Nikolai Baratov lived in India, and then decided to join the white movement. Since 1918, he began to fulfill the duties of a representative of the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. During the assassination attempt on September 13, 1919, he was seriously wounded. In 1920 he became the manager of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the South Russian government. In 1927, Nikolai Baratov was in France and served as chairman of the committee "For a Russian invalid" in Paris. After his death in 1932, he was buried in the Geneva cemetery. If you want to learn more about the history of the Terek Cossack army, we recommend that you look at materials about General Glukhov. During the war years, General Glukhov proved himself to be a talented commander. Of course, talking about the history of the Terek Cossack army, one cannot fail to mention General Klimenko, who is currently acting as the ataman of the Terek Cossacks.

On December 21, 2012, General Klimenko became the head of the Terek Cossack army. The decree was signed by Vladimir Putin. Before him, the Terek Cossacks were commanded by Vasily Bondaryov. To date, Sergei Klimenko is taking active steps to develop the Terek Cossacks and is constantly fighting the so-called "mummers" Cossacks. Ataman believes that the revival of the Cossacks is possible only if the cohesion and constant interaction of various Cossack organizations. In his last press conference, Sergei Klimenko did not refer to the lack of funds, the red tape of the legislators and the inertia of the local authorities. General Klimenko decided to act actively and urged the Cossacks every day to prove that they are needed in the Caucasus. Sergei Klimenko said that he intended to report to the press every quarter on the successes of the Terek Cossacks. According to the ataman, first it is necessary to fulfill the tasks of Federal Law No. 154 "On the Public Service of the Russian Cossacks." After the Terek Cossack army entered the state register, it took on certain tasks. The protection of public order is the most obvious task for the Terek Cossacks, because even in times Soviet Union The militia resorted to the help of the people's squad. To date, Cossack squads are constantly being created to help the police, and during 2013, the military ataman Sergey Klimenko will ensure that the Terek Cossack army consists of 5,000 thousand trained combatants. Of course, the appearance of Cossacks with whips on the streets of the city will cause some resonance. However, this does not matter because the Terek Cossack army will send only trained people who will work closely with the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. As for nationality, Kalmyks, Ingush, Chechens, Kabardians and so on have been living among the Terek Cossacks for many years. It should be noted that the majority of the Terek Cossacks are Orthodox, and those who do not want to change their faith can enter the staff of assigned Cossacks. General Klimenko believes that if the strict discipline of the combatants is maintained, then the uniform will not cause an ambiguous reaction among the townspeople. Seeing such a Cossack on the street, people will know that he is in public service.

And now we offer to plunge into the history of the Terek Cossacks. In fact, it is not known for certain when the first Cossack settlers appeared in the area of ​​the Terek River. Initially, everyone called them Grebentsy due to the fact that they were located on the slopes of the Tersky Range. The official date of the beginning of the history of the Terek Cossacks is 1577. In 1588, the Russian authorities founded the city at the mouth of the Terek River, which existed for 100 years. It is worth noting that according to the history of the Terek Cossacks, their dependence on the Russian authorities remained "transparent". The governors continued to attract Cossacks to carry out reconnaissance or protection. Translated from the Turkic language, the word "Cossack" is translated as "free" and throughout the history of the Terek Cossacks, they have repeatedly proved that they are a free people. The Cossacks carried out voluntary service, but gradually more and more large quantity Terek Cossacks entered the service of the king. The Grebensky army provided Russia with 1,000 soldiers, half of whom were on a salary, and the other half served for free. In the 17th century, the global migration of the Terek Cossacks to the other side of the Terek begins. The resettlement was due to pressure from Chechens and other Islamized neighbors. Because of this, Terek Cossacks and Chechens constantly met on the battlefield, but in most cases the Cossacks had to fight off attacks.

The Russian authorities were not happy with that. That the Cossacks accept runaway peasants and therefore insisted that the Terek Cossacks move to the left bank of the river. However, with the resettlement, the number of clashes between the Terek Cossacks and Chechens increased. The Cossacks had to found several large cities. In 1721, the Grebensky army took the oath of allegiance to the Military Collegium, and was included in the Russian armed forces. In 1723, the first fortress of the Holy Cross was founded, on the territory of which 1000 families of the Terek Cossacks lived. In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished and was renamed the Terek Cossack army. Then the number of Cossack troops of the Russian Empire was increased. Note that the Cossack troops of the Russian Empire were very well trained and took part in all the battles with the enemy. The life of the Terek Cossacks was formed under the influence of the Chechens, Ingush, Kabardians and Kumyks. The Cossacks built a hut, a saklya and a pantry, which was also called a "hut". In the villages adjacent to Grozny, or any other large city, the Cossacks built urban-type houses. Note that the life of the Terek Cossacks and the life of the Chechens were not much different. Saklya was divided into two parts, and the Cossack hut had two rooms. The decoration of the rooms of the Chechens and the Terek Cossacks was also similar.

According to the customs of the Terek Cossacks, each city house had its own arsenal of weapons. On one of the walls was a holster for a pistol or a double-barreled shotgun. The weapon was an integral part of any Terek Cossack. It is worth noting that the Cossacks highly appreciated the ability of the Chechens to make weapons, and this is even reflected in some songs of the Cossacks. The Terek checker was also an integral part of the life of a Cossack. The Terek saber is still part of the formal dress of the Cossacks to this day. According to the customs of the Terek Cossacks, men wore a Caucasian cloak, beshmet, hat, balyk and Circassian coat. Terek Cossack women mastered mountain clothes, but over time they began to adopt the style of clothing from the Russians. It's no secret that the Terek Cossacks were among the most beautiful women in the Caucasus. Thanks to the Chechens, many Chechens entered the life of the Terek Cossacks. national dishes, among which are cakes stuffed with cheese and a mixture of cottage cheese with melted butter. Also, the Terek Cossacks in Chechnya adopted several musical instruments, for example, the zurna, flute, pondura or harmonica, which was played by the Terek Cossacks. Terek Cossacks in Chechnya learned how to take care of horses, and over time, trick riding competitions became part of their traditions. As you can see for yourself, the Terek Cossacks and Chechens carried out a constant cultural exchange. The multinationality of the region inevitably affected the language borrowings, and in the Terek village one could hear the speech of the highlanders. The inhabitants of the Terek villages and the Chechens constantly expanded their vocabulary and thanks to the Terek Cossacks we can describe the Chechen way of life and customs.

However, as history tells us, the highlanders and Terek Cossacks did not always live in peace. One of the largest conflicts is the Caucasian War, which lasted from 1817 to 1864. It all started with the fact that at the beginning of the 19th century the lands of the Kartli-Kakheti kingdom and some Transcaucasian khanates were annexed to Russia. However, between these territories lay the lands of independent mountain peoples. The Russian authorities wanted to strengthen the alliance with the Caucasians, and get rid of the endless raids on their part. However, the beginning of the Caucasian War was inevitable, when in 1825 the main opponents of the Russian troops were the Adygs of the Black Sea coast and the highlanders, who united with the Islamic state Imamat of Dagestan and Chechnya, headed by Shamil. The Caucasian war was intertwined with the war of Russia against Persia. The Terek army fought on the side of Russia and, despite the fact that they lived side by side with the Chechens for a long time, they had to fight with their neighbors. The resistance of the Chechens was broken by the Terek army only in 1859. It is worth noting that in 1832 the Kuban and Terek Cossacks fought side by side. The fact is that the Russian Empire decided to unite the Kizlyar, Terek-family, Grebensky, Mozdok, Gorsky, Volga, Caucasian, Stavropol, Khopersky and Kuban regiments in order to form the Caucasian linear Cossack army. This was the main reason for the unification of the Kuban and Terek Cossacks. Also in the service of the king were the Ural Cossacks, who participated in battles and performed other types of public service. Unfortunately, due to the mass repressions of Stalin, the army of the Ural Cossacks was completely disbanded.

Throughout their history, the Terek Cossacks have preserved their traditions and cultural values. Of course, the Cossacks devoted most of their lives to military affairs, but the life of the Terek Cossack army was also filled with beautiful customs, songs of the Terek Cossacks and interesting stories.

In many ways, the Cossack culture, songs of the Terek Cossacks and dances were based on the enthusiasm of the members of the Cossack community. However, the modern state apparatus is making efforts to strengthen and popularize the Cossack culture. It is for this reason that each of us has the opportunity to listen to the songs of the Terek Cossacks or the stories of the elders. Today, many groups are invited to the concert to listen to the songs of the Terek Cossacks and admire their energetic dances. Terek Cossack songs have a special energy, and not only the Cossacks themselves come to listen to them, but also representatives of various nations. Cossack groups allow you to hear Terek Cossack songs and work every day to bring their sound to every village in their region or region. Many performers of Terek Cossack songs have been delighting their fans for more than a year, and some have already gained many years of experience in performing Terek Cossack songs. One of brightest examples creative longevity - the choir "Valley", which in 2010 celebrated 20 years of work on stage. Of course, everyone can download the songs of the Terek Cossacks, but listening to a "live" performance is much more pleasant. The global Internet network allows you to download songs of the Terek Cossacks on numerous sites, but one concert can cost thousands of listened "tracks" in a car or at a music center.

The city authorities constantly hold competitions, during which the jury identifies the best dancers of the Terek Cossacks. Artists and group leaders receive grants and cash prizes. For example, in the winter of 2011, the State Ensemble of the Terek Cossack Song with the project "The Role of the Cossacks in the Second World War" won a grant from the President of the Republic of Dagestan. This suggests that the songs and dances of the Terek Cossacks are more than in demand. Some groups, such as the Free Step ensemble, represent the traditions of the Terek Cossack Army on the international stage. Note that due to the mixing of the culture of the Cossacks and the highlanders, the Lezginka of the Terek Cossacks is especially popular. The energetic Lezginka dance of the Terek Cossacks is very often included in the program of performances of many groups.

Continuing the conversation about the culture of the Cossacks, it is necessary to note the male folklore ensemble of the Terek Cossacks "Bratina". The ensemble was formed in 1995 by four fans of Terek songs. Since 1996, the Terek Cossacks "Bratiny" have been in constant disputes and discussions. In the process of choosing a creative direction, the members of the team were constantly engaged in the study, preservation and ethnographically reliable reproduction of the song tradition of the Terek Cossacks. The Terek Cossacks "Bratiny" still consider themselves an amateur group, but the level of song performance is at a highly professional level. To date, the Bratina Ensemble remains a laureate international festivals folklore in France, Latvia, Poland, Estonia and Russia. Terek Cossacks "Bratina" took part in the filming of the films "Russian Revolt", "Lords of the Jury" and "Deadly Force". Also, the Terek Cossacks "Bratina" participated in numerous television programs.

Another well-known group is the Terek Cossacks ensemble. Each of their performances is a real celebration of the Cossack culture, which is part of the cultural heritage not only of the Terek Cossacks, but of the entire Caucasus. The main mission of the ensemble "Terek Cossacks" is the revival of customs and rituals, as well as the preservation of the unique song culture of the Cossacks. The ensemble "Terek Cossacks" contributes to the familiarization of young people with the richest cultural heritage of the Cossacks. Today, the work of the ensemble "Terek Cossacks", this passionate champion and propagandist of Cossack culture, is well known not only in the city of Prokhladny, but also in other regions of Kabardino-Balkaria. Quite recently, the ensemble "Terek Cossacks" celebrated its 5th anniversary since its founding.

A worthy member of the vast community of creative teams of Cossacks is the Khor Terek Cossacks. It should be noted that the Terek Cossack choir is popular not only among the Tertsy, but also among the Russian youth. Today, the Terek Cossack Choir is constantly improving its skills in the field of performing folk Cossack songs. If you want to experience the true pleasure of listening to Cossack songs, then come to the concert of the Terek Cossack choir.

We also recommend listening to the anthem of the Terek Cossacks. It can be heard at meetings of members of the Terek Cossack army, who begin almost every meeting with the hymnal of the Terek Cossacks. The performance of the anthem of the Terek Cossack army is a tradition that is passed down from generation to generation among the Terts. The anthem of the Terek Cossack army can be found on the official website of the Terek Cossack army. Also on the official website of the Terek Cossack army you will find the latest news about events in the world of TKV. Terek Cossacks online is a great opportunity for every Terek to keep track of all events and meetings. For many members of the TKV, Terek Cossacks online is the only source of fresh and up-to-date information about modern Cossacks.

In order to better feel the culture of the Terek Cossacks, we suggest watching a video of the Cossack lezginka. After all, in order to understand the soul of the culture of the Cossacks, you need to look at the dances and listen to the songs. The video of the Cossack lezginka will help to appreciate the beauty of the Cossack dance:

We also offer to watch videos of the Terek Cossacks. If you want to know more about the life of TKV, then the video of the Terek Cossacks will help you with this:

The photo of the Terek Cossacks once again reminds that TKV lives and develops, preserving ancient traditions. Look at the photos of the Terek Cossacks and appreciate the beauty of their uniforms:

And now we decided to draw your attention to the form of the Terek Cossacks and the symbols of the Terek Cossack army. The Cossack uniform of the Terek Cossacks is a historically established symbol that determines the Cossack's belonging to the Terek Cossack army. The form of the Terek Cossacks is designed to increase the organization and discipline of the members of the TKV. Of course, there are certain rules for wearing the uniform of the Terek Cossack army, and these rules were approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. The chieftain of the Terek Cossack army did a lot to ensure that there were as few “mummers” as possible on the streets of cities. The form of the Terek Cossack army is divided into front, everyday and field. There are also winter and summer forms. According to the charter of the Terek Cossack army, the Cossack must respect the form. The list of military clothing of the Terek Cossacks includes a hat, three caps, a hood, a removable sheepskin collar, a coat, an overcoat and a jacket. As well as a uniform, tunic, harem pants, trousers, shirt. Plus a winter and summer suit, a muffler, a scarf, an aiguillette, a belt and a frog. Including boots, boots, raincoat and government awards. The military clothes of the Terek Cossacks are very beautiful and designed in a traditional style. As for the costume of the Terek Cossack, each Cossack has the right to form his own "image" on his own. In any case, the costume of the Terek Cossack always contains traditional elements Cossack clothes.

And now let's talk about the flag and emblem of the Terek Cossack army. TKV has its own flag, coat of arms and banner. The coat of arms of the Terek Cossack army is an image of the Imperial standard on a golden staff with a band to the right, which is located on a black background under the scarlet head. Above the imperial standard is a silver wavy baldric to the left. At the head of the coat of arms of the Terek Cossack army is an emerging golden double-headed eagle, which is the main figure of the coat of arms of the Russian Federation. The emblem of the Terek Cossack army can be made in a colorless version.

The flag of the Terek Cossack army is a rectangular panel of blue color, which depicts the coat of arms of the Terek Cossack army. The ratio of the length of the flag of the Terek Cossack army is 2:3. The flag of the Terek Cossacks is present at any meeting or meeting. As you understand, the flag of the Terek Cossacks is the official symbol of the Terek Cossacks. In addition to the flag of the Terek Cossack army, there are also seals, stamps, letterheads and other necessary details on which the coat of arms of the Terek Cossack army can be used. However, the flag of the Terek Cossack Army is used most often. The Cossacks are very sensitive to the coats of arms of the Cossack troops. After all, the coats of arms of the Cossack troops are also part of the history of the Cossacks in Rus'.

In addition to the flag of the Terek Cossack army, in our military store you can buy other souvenirs with the symbols of the Terek Cossacks, for example, a Terek Cossack army towel, a Terek Cossack army mug, a Terek Cossack army lighter and much more.

We know about the Kuban and Don Cossacks, first of all, from the works of culture and art. But who are the Terek Cossacks? This question will confuse many. But remember the stories of Leo Tolstoy and other Russian writers who served in the Caucasus. Often Cossack patrols and outposts are mentioned there. It is hardly possible to imagine Donets or Kuban in this role, it was the prerogative of the Terek Cossacks. However, not only the Caucasian war became an opportunity for them to distinguish themselves and serve Russia.

The history of the origin of the Terek Cossacks

After Ivan the Terrible conquered Astrakhan, the Russian people began to move into the Caucasus. And it turned out that their compatriots already live here. At that time, people settled on the shores of the Agrakhan Bay and the Sunzha River, whose sub-ethnos would later be called the Terek Cossacks. According to the researchers, they were the heirs of the Volga ushkuins, who traveled in the Middle Ages around the Caspian Sea.

Voivode Pleshcheev brought along the Volga Cossacks to the Terek in 1563. And four years later, here, on the Terek, the famous Terek city was built. It became an outpost for the further penetration of Rus' into the Caucasus. The city was destroyed by the Turks, but rebuilt 10 years later. This date (1577) became the starting point for the Terek Cossacks - it is from her that they lead their seniority.

By the 17th century, the Terek Cossacks had several cities of their own: four settlements were set up on the Sunzha and the Terek. Gradually, their troops deepened into Kabarda and helped the local population fight off the Nogais and Kumyks. Those Cossacks who settled along the Tersky Range began to be called Grebensky over time (after all, they lived, as it were, on the ridge).

The 18th century became a landmark for the Cossacks. During this period, they not only began to settle along the lower reaches of the Terek, but also took part in the Khiva campaign. One by one, the villages were built. So, in 1735, Kizlyar was founded, in 1763 a military fortification was erected, which later became the city of Mozdok, and in 1784 - Vladikavkaz. In this century, the Grebensky Cossack army was finally formed, which in 1776, along with several other associations, was transformed into Astrakhan. By 1786, the Caucasian linear army was formed, consisting of the Terek-Family, Grebensky, Volga, Terek troops.

Caucasian Cossacks took an active part in all the events that took place in this region. So, in 1768, Russia entered the war with the Ottoman Empire. The Mozdok line was defended by representatives of the Terek Cossack army, they also repelled the attacks of the highlanders and Turks on the villages. The defense of the village of Naurskaya in 1774 is inscribed on the pages of history. Most of the Cossacks of this settlement were on the campaign, so it was mainly women and the elderly who had to fight the attackers. The attack of the cavalry with one-handed drafts instilled real horror in the defenders. Despite the small number of inhabitants, they were able to defend the village, and on the part of the enemy, the losses amounted to about 800 people.

The Caucasian war of the 19th century also took place with the active participation of the Terek Cossacks. For exploits in this military campaign, the emperor granted St. George's banners to several Cossack regiments. The Cossacks also participated in the First World War.

By the beginning of the 20th century, 12 Terek regiments were formed, including:

• three Kizlyarsko-Grebensky;
• three Gorsko-Mozdok;
• three Volga;
• three Sunzha-Vladikavkaz.

There were also two Cossack batteries, which were artillery units. After the revolution, the Bolsheviks began the administrative redistribution of territories. As a result, the Terek lands were formed into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and the Cossacks were made an offer to deploy in the Sunzha district. However, later it was also abolished.

The form of clothing and symbols of the Terts

Throughout its history, the Cossacks not only coexisted peacefully with the local Caucasian population, but also adopted a lot. This was especially reflected in the form of the Terek Cossacks. The main item of clothing here is traditionally considered the Circassian coat and beshmet. In some Cossack villages, outfits and costumes were used, in which there were clearly Asian motifs.

Tertsev hats are not only a badge of distinction, but also a symbol of Cossack honor. Traditionally, this headdress was made of sheepskin, but its shape could be anything. Each Cossack had several popes in stock for various occasions, up to and including funerals. Another integral attribute is gazyri. Even after the advent of cartridges and the disappearance of the need, it was customary to have their chests on the left and right in a row of 10 pieces.

The official colors of the Terek Cossacks are blue and black. Even the flag of the Terek Cossack army is blue with silver embroidery. Either the imperial eagle or the Savior Not Made by Hands were used as images.

Culture and songs of the Terek Cossacks

The songs of the Terek Cossacks can be called a unique phenomenon. The fact is that they combine traditional Russian motifs with the mountain intonation system in an interesting way. At one time, the Cossacks brought with them a song heritage from the Volga and the Don. These songs also came here with new settlers who came to the Caucasus to serve and stayed here forever. Here the tradition of the so-called historical song stands out, which has become a bright attribute of any Cossack holiday.

Historical songs are presented in a wide repertoire. Listeners are offered stories about chieftains, whole stories about famous heroes (such as Yermak). There are many songs where speech is conducted both on behalf of an individual, and a whole Cossack detachment or regiment. In such writings there are reflections on life, a possible impending death in battle. Most often, such works are imbued with patriotism and a willingness to lay down their lives for the country. They reflect in their own way the whole history of the Terek Cossacks, their worldview.

As a rule, songs are performed in a polyphonic way. Here, too, there is a connection between the traditions of Cossack hikers and mountain warriors. The predominance of low male voices is effectively set off by monophonic treble accompaniment. In the dances of the Terek Cossacks, Caucasian customs are also traced. For example, the famous Cossack song "Oysya" is often performed by the Terts to the local lezginka. Almost no holiday among the Tertsy Cossacks can do without musical accompaniment and dances with tambourines and drums. At the same time, not only mountain dances, but also traditional Russian Cossack dances are performed.

Customs and traditions of the Terek Cossacks

Like all Cossack sub-ethnic groups, the Tertsy have their own deep-rooted traditions. Wherever the Terek Cossacks live, they profess the Christian religion, maintain the rules of respect for elders. Life Tertsev begins with housing construction. In the old days, the whole village took part in the construction of a new house, and even today the neighbors actively help the developers.

In the Cossack environment for a long time (starting from the second half of the 19th century) there was a tradition of decorating home interiors with photographs. Whole stands were made up of family photographs hung on the walls of the house.

Along with the main stanitsa holidays (Christmas, weddings, and so on), the Tertsy also had the custom of sending the Cossacks off to work. It became a real holiday, on which the whole settlement walked. Weddings, as a rule, were celebrated in autumn or winter, when the worries about harvesting ended. By the way, the community could intervene in matters of marriage. She not only determined the age when one could marry, but also could prevent the Cossack girl from leaving for another village if widowed and unmarried men remained in her native. In general, the life of the Terek Cossacks can be called reasonable-domostroevsky.

The Terek Cossacks are united in their plurality: the Grebens, the lower Terts, the Agrakhans, the Semey Terts, the Kizlyars, the Volga, the Mozdok, the Highlanders, the Vladikavkaz, the Sunzhens.

Origin of the Terek Cossacks

Highlander Cossacks are an almost extinct ethnic group. According to one version, the Terek Cossack Army officially announced its existence in 1415. Terek Cossacks were replenished with an influx of representatives of local peoples: Ossetians, Chechens, Ingush, Kabardians and others.

There are conflicting opinions about their origin. Some consider them the descendants of the Volga Cossacks, as well as Novgorodians and Ryazans, others - the ancestors of these Volga Cossacks, who originally lived in the Caucasus since the time of Mstislav the Udaly (XI century). All Caucasians were then called Cherkasy, therefore this name extended to the Cossacks (Grebensky, Azov, Dnieper). If Mstislav had transferred his North Caucasian (former) principality to a successor, then we would have received the fourth Rus' - Cherkasy, which, however, happened, in the form of the Cossacks, but without their state.

For the first time, the Cossacks appeared in the North Caucasus in 1578-1579, when, at the request of Turkey, the Russian fortress on the Sunzha River was demolished. To monitor the situation in the region, the authorities sent here Cossack detachments from the Volga. The Moscow tsars at that time recognized these lands as "the patrimony of the Kabardian princes." Therefore, the Russian Cossack detachment existed here for many years without the direct support of the metropolis. According to the documents of the 16th century, the Chechen ruler took the Cossacks under his patronage Shikh-Murza Okutsky- a true ally of Moscow. They were in temporary service, so they lived without households and without families. The number of Cossacks at that time in the North Caucasus, according to military registers, ranged from 300 to 500 people.

According to researchers, based on the information of the “Book of the Big Drawing” and “The Legend of the Grebensky Icon”, the authorship of which is attributed to Metropolitan Stefan of Ryazan, the Grebensky Cossacks descended from the Don Cossacks who lived in the 16th century. between pp. Donets and Kalitva, near the Grebensky mountains. In 1582, the Cossacks in the amount of 300 people. led by ataman Andrey passed through the river. Manych, Kuma and Terek in the gorge of the Caucasus Mountains and settled in the village. Ridges, on the banks of the mountain river. Aktasha. In 1623, the Grebensky Cossacks, as part of the Kabardian embassy, ​​arrived in Moscow with a confession (perhaps in connection with their participation in attacks on the southern borders of the Moscow state). In 1631 they abandoned joint actions with the tsarist army against the Nogais, but already in 1633 the voivodes of princes Turenin and Volkonsky took part in the campaign against the Kaziev ulus, in Modzhary. In 1651, they helped build a prison on the river. Sunzha, and 2 years later he was declared "royal mercy for the seat of siege" in this prison during the attack of the Kumyks.

Resettlement on the right bank of the Terek

Around 1685, under pressure from the mountain peoples (Chechens, etc.) who often attacked, the Grebenians had to leave the foothills and settle closer to the Terek - on its right bank. The "Chronicle of the Guards Cossack units" reports another date for the relocation of the combers to the right bank of the Terek - 1680. Also in the "Chronicles ..." there is an addition that the combers moved to the right bank of the Terek in the area where the Sunzha flows into it. Here, the Cossacks lived in the tracts of Pavlov and Koshlakovsky. The number of rowers gradually increased due to the Cossacks arriving from the Don and Kuma rivers, two fortified towns were built in Kabarda (old Russian Cherkasy land): Kazharovtsy in Bolshaya Kabarda and Tatar-Tup in Malaya Kabarda. Later, two more settlements arose: Novogladkiy and Chervleny.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1686-1700, the Grebensky Cossacks were again involved in the Russian army: the Grebensky took part in the invasion of the territory of the Crimean Khanate - the so-called Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689, as well as in the Azov campaigns of Peter I in 1695 and 1696 .

Resettlement on the left bank of the Terek

In 1711, the combers participated in the campaign of Count F. M. Apraksin against the Lesser Nogai Horde. The count marched to the Kuban from the city of Terek and, with the help of the Kabardians and the Grebensky Cossacks, “strongly defeated” the small Nogais. Then he persuaded the combers to move from the right bank of the Terek to the left and form a line with their towns, which “would serve as a link between the lower. Kabarda and mountains. Terkom. In 1712, the Grebensky Cossacks moved to the left bank of the Terek, where they founded five fortified towns.

In the army of Imperial Russia

After the Grebens moved from the right bank of the Terek to the left, they formed the Grebensky Cossack Host. The entry into the irregular troops of the Russian Empire occurred either in 1711 or in 1712. In 1716-1717, the Grebensky Cossacks participated in the Khiva campaign - a military expedition Russian army to the Khiva Khanate under the command of Prince A. Bekovich-Cherkassky.

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"Cossack" means - a free, free person) and often did not follow the orders of the authorities.

However, gradually an increasing number of Cossacks entered the public service. This service consisted in guarding the border, which ran along the line along the Terek River. The Grebensky army supplied at least 1,000 Cossacks for service, of which half received a salary, and the other defended their towns “from water and from grass,” that is, for free.

In the 17th century, the resettlement of the Cossacks-combingers to the left bank of the Terek began, and finally ended at the beginning of the 18th century. The displacement was connected both with the pressure of Islamized neighbors (“Chechens and Kumyks began to attack the towns, drive away cattle, horses and captivate people”), and with the fact that Russian authorities were angry that the Cossacks accepted the fugitives and therefore demanded the relocation of the Cossacks to the left bank, where they could be controlled.

The attacks of the highlanders forced the Cossacks-grebetsy, instead of the former small towns, to establish large settlements on the left bank: Chervlenny, Shadrin (Shchedrinsky), Kurdyukov and Gladkov (in 1722, the Gladkov Cossacks received a salary for one town, and in 1725 - for two: Starogladkovsky and Novogladkovsky) . These towns (since the end of the 18th century - villages), named after the surnames or nicknames of the chieftains, stretched for 80 miles along the left bank of the Terek.

The Grebensky army in 1721 was subordinated to the Military Collegium and thus included in the armed forces of Russia. Instead of the abolished Terek city in the interfluve of Sulak and Agrakhan in 1723, a new Russian fortress was founded - the Holy Cross, near which 1000 families of the Don Cossacks (from the Don, Donetsk, Buzuluk, Khoper, Medvedinsky towns) were settled. The difficulties associated with resettlement and settling in a new place, and in addition, the plague that appeared, led to the fact that by 1730 only 452 families of them had survived.

In 1860, the Caucasian linear Cossack army was abolished. From part of the army was formed Terek Cossack army, and the other part, together with the Black Sea Cossack army, became part of the newly formed Kuban Cossack army. In the same year, the Terek Oblast was formed.

In peacetime, the Terek army fielded for service: two Life Guards Terek hundreds of His Majesty's Own Convoy (Tsarskoye Selo), four cavalry regiments of 6 hundred of the first stage (1st Kizlyar-Grebenskaya General Yermolov (Grozny and Vladikavkaz), 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky (Olta township), 1st Volga and 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz General Sleptsov (Khankendy tract), two horse batteries of 4 guns (1st and 2nd -I Terek Cossacks) and 4 local teams (Grozny, Goryachevodsk, Prokhladnensk and Vladikavkaz).

Timeline of the history of the Terek Cossacks

15th century

• 1444 - the first mention of free Cossacks: who fled to help against Mustafa in 1444. They came on skis, with sulits, with oak, and together with the Mordovians joined the squads of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily the Dark. The battle took place on the river. Listani Mustafa was defeated.

16th century

• 1502 - the first mention of the service (city) Ryazan Cossacks in the order of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III to Princess Agrippina.
• 1520 - resettlement of free Ryazan Cossacks to the Volga, Yaik (Ural), Don, Terek in connection with the annexation of the Grand Duchy of Ryazan to Moscow. The beginning of the Grebensky army.
• 1557 - Ataman Andrei Shadra, whom V. Tatishchev mentions in his "History of Russia", later with three hundred like-minded people left the Don for the Kumyk steppes to the Terek and founded a town called Andreev at the mouth of the Aktash River, giving rise to the Grebensky Cossacks.

Historians define the reasons for Andrei Shadra's departure to the Terek in different ways. E.P. Savelyev believed that Shadra was ousted from Dona Yermakthat:

• 1559 - The first arrival of the royal army to the Terek.
• 1560 - Governor Cheremisin's campaign against Shamkhal Tarkovsky.
• 1563 - Construction by governor Pleshcheev of the first Russian city on the Terek in Kabarda.
• 1567 - the construction of Terka - the first Russian fortress in the Caucasus at the direction of the voivods Babychev and Protasyev.
• 1571 - the abandonment of the Terki fortress at the request of Turkey, but the fortress is occupied by free Volga Cossacks.
• 1577 - restoration of the fortress Terki increase in the number of archers and Cossacks family Astrakhan governor Lukiyan Novosiltsev. Since this year, the Terek Cossacks have been leading their seniority. Stolnik Murashkin smashes the Volga Cossacks, some parts of which scatter along the flooded rivers, including the Terek.
• 1583 - the attack of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya while crossing the Sunzha on the Turkish army, led by the governor of the Sultan in Shirvan, Osmanpasha, who set out from Derbent in order to pass through the possessions of Shamkhal Tarskovsky and Temryuk to Taman and the Crimea to carry out punitive actions there. After a fierce battle, the Cossacks pursued Osman Pasha for three days, recaptured the carts from him and captured many prisoners, and when the latter camped at Mount Beshtau, the Cossacks set fire to the steppe and forced the Turks to flee in disorder. This victory had great importance to strengthen the influence of Russia in the North Caucasus and made a strong impression on the highlanders, who for a long time still called the place of the crossing and the road along which the Turks walked, the Osmanovsky ferry and the Osmanovsky way.
• 1584 - again leaving the fortress of Terki at the request of Turkey. The fortress is occupied by a free community of Cossacks from the Volga, who are in the service of King Simon of Georgia.
• 1588 - the formation of the Terek Voivodeship and the creation in the lower reaches of the Terek of a new Terka outpost of Russian forces in the Caucasus by the governor Burtsev.
• 1589 - the first building on the Sunzha "fort".
• 1591 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of Prince Solntsev-Zasekin against Shamkhal Tarkovsky.
• 1592 - Construction of the fortress Koi-su on Sulak. 600 Grebensky Cossacks "from Terka" attacked the Turkish possessions on the Taman Peninsula, looted and burned the Temryuk fortress. During the Time of Troubles, like other Cossack yurts, some of the Terts "stole". It was here that the “False Peter” movement began, supported by 300 Cossacks led by ataman F. Bodyrin. Secretly from other Tertsy, who remained with the governor P.P. Golovin, the rebels went to the Volga to rob merchant ships. The reason for the rebellion was the non-payment of the royal salary to the Cossacks. Subsequently, the 4,000-strong army of False Peter marched to Putivl and took part in the uprising launched by G.P. Shakhovsky and I.I. Bolotnikov.
• 1593 - The first clash of the Grebensky Cossacks with the Turks, the campaign of the Cossacks near Temryuk, which caused the Turkish Sultan to complain about the insults inflicted by the Cossacks.
• 1594 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of the governor Khvorostin to the capital of the Tarkov shamkhalate, the city of Tarki.

17th century

• the beginning of the 17th century, after a series of bloody clashes with the Chechens, the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya moved further from the mountains to the north to the confluence of the Terek and Sunzha. Foundation of the towns of Kurdyukov, Glatkov and Shadrin.
• 1604 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the campaign of Buturlin and Pleshcheev against the city of Tarki.
• 1605 - Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya join the troops of False Dmitry I in the city of Tula. The abolition of prisons on the Sunzha Koi-su and Ak-tash.
• 1606 - an uprising of 4,000 Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya against the Terek governors and their departure to the Volga to install the impostor Ilya Muromets (Korovin) as king in Moscow.
• 1628 - description of the Grebensky towns by foreign geologists Fritsch and Herald.
• 1633 - participation of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya in the defeat of the Lesser Nogai Horde under the leadership of Prince Volkonsky.
• 1646 - participation of the Terek and Grebensky Cossacks in the campaign against the Nogai and Crimean Tatars under the leadership of the nobleman Zhdan Kondyrev and the stolnik Prince Semyon Pozharsky
• 1649 - Murza of the Great Nogai Horde attacked the towns of the Cossacks of the free community of Grebenskaya.
• 1651 - A prison is built again on the Sunzha.
• 1653 - the combers, together with the soldiers of Prince Mutsal Cherkassky, hold the defense against the numerically superior forces of the Persian troops and the Kumyks and Dagestanis supporting them, which ended with the fact that 10 Cossack towns ceased to exist, and the Cossacks with their wives and children dispersed. The Cossacks are thanked by the Tsar, but the jail is ordered not to be restored.
• 1666 - the foundation of Chervlensky and Novogladkovsky towns.
• 1671 - Grebensky Cossacks with Prince Kaspulat Mutsalovich Cherkassky take part in the suppression of the Razints uprising in Astrakhan.
• 1677 - participation of the Grebensky Cossacks in the battles near Chigirin.
• 1688 - the siege of Terki by a horde of the Kuban seraskir Kazy Giray. The attack is repulsed, but all the towns are destroyed.
• 1695 - participation of the Grebensky Cossacks in the Azov campaign.

18th century

• 1701 - the village of Shchedrinskaya was attacked by the highlanders, but the combers repelled the attack.
• 1707 - the towns of the Grebensky Cossacks were attacked by a horde led by Eshtek-Sultan. Population reduction.
• 1711 - Resettlement of the Grebensky army by order of the Governor-General P. M. Apraksin to the left bank of the Terek and permission to engage in agriculture. 5 villages were built: Chervlyonnaya, Shchedrinskaya, Novogladovskaya, Starogladovskaya and Kurdyukovskaya.
• 1717 - Grebentsov's campaign in the detachment of Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky to Khiva.
• 1720 - the power of the Cossack communities is partially limited. The Grebensky army was subordinated to the Astrakhan governor.
• 1721 - March 3, the complete subordination of the Grebensky army to the Military Collegium.
• 1722 - Emperor Peter I arrived in the Caucasus. Resettlement of part of the Terts and Don Cossacks to establish a cordon line along the river. Sulak. Creation of the Agrakhan army.
• 1735 - Russia, under an agreement with Persia, transferred all the lands conquered by Peter in the foothills of the Caucasus. The river became the border. Terek. General-in-chief V. Ya. Levashov founded the Kizlyar fortress.
• 1732 - the return to the Terek of part of the Grebentsy, who had once gone to the Volga.
• 1736 - the resettlement of the Agrakhan army along the Terek down from the Grebensky villages in four towns: Aleksandrovsky, Borozdinsky, Kargalinsky, Dubovsky. They received the name of the Tersko-Family Host. The participation of the Grebensky Cossacks with the atamans Auka and Petrov in the Kuban campaign of the Kalmyk Khan Donduk-Ombo and the capture of Temryuk.
• 1740 Grebensky Cossacks begin to break away from the Orthodox Church due to a dispute about the two-toed cross-body build.
• 1745 - by the Decree of Elizaveta Petrovna, it was decided to unite the Grebenskoye and Terek-Family troops and elect a combined-arms irremovable ataman in the presence of the Kizlyar commandant. Stanitsa atamans, captains, centurions, clerks, cornets still had to be elected for one year.
• 1746 - the ataman and foremen of the united army began to be approved by the Military College. The military ataman was endowed with unlimited powers "under pain for nasty acts of cruel torture."
• 1754 - the government decided to divide the army again. Grebentsy, albeit temporarily, defended their right to military self-government.
• 1763 - construction of the Mozdok fortification. Chechens settle in the Old Grebensky yurt, on the right bank of the Terek, on a leasehold basis, under the agreement of Dovlet-Girey Grebenchusky and Chervlensky Cossacks.
• 1765 - Kabardians and Circassians attacked the Terek line and Kizlyar.
• 1767 - Terek Cossacks send deputies to Moscow to participate in the work on the development of a new Code. Cossacks Biyanin and Andreev are coming from Grebentsy, and from the Tersky Family Army of the Tatars.
• 1769 - participation of the Terek Cossacks (Mozdok, Grebentsy, and Tertsy) in actions against the Kabardians in the battle near the river. Ashkanon under the command of General Medem.
• 1770 - to strengthen the border between the Mozdok fortification and the Grebensky army, a decision was made to move half of the Volga regiment to the Terek and build 5 villages (Galyugaevskaya, Ishcherskaya, Naurskaya, Mekenskaya, Kalinovskaya). The stanitsa Stoderevskaya was created from the baptized Kalmyks. At the request of General Medem, "peaceful" Chechens "subordinate" to Russia are evicted from the mountains and begin to occupy land along the Sunzha and the right bank of the Terek in the former Cossack lands (modern Nadterechny district).
• 1771 - Emelyan Pugachev appears on the Terek. At first he was assigned to Dubovsky town, then to Kargalinsky.
• 1772 - arrest of Emelyan Pugachev on charges of turmoil by ataman Tatarintsev and his escape from the Mozdok prison to Yaik.
• 1774 - the heroic defense of the village of Naurskaya on June 10-11 under the leadership of Colonel Savelyev Ivan Dmitrievich from the 9000th detachment of highlanders, Turks and Cossacks-Old Believers of Nekrasov under the command of the Kalga Shabaz-Girey. A successful shot by the Cossack Pereporkh, the death of the Kalga's beloved nephew Shabaz Giray and the retreat of the enemy.
• 1776 - May 5 - Volga , Grebenskoe , Terskoe (-Kizlyarskoe) And (Terskoe-)Family cossack troops, Mozdok And Astrakhan Cossack regiments united into one Astrakhan Cossack army .
• 1777 - further strengthening of the cordon line (victory in the war with Turkey), construction of new villages: Yekateringradskaya, Pavlovskaya, Maryinskaya and Cossack settlements at the fortresses of Georgievskaya and Aleksandrovskaya at the expense of the second half of the Volga regiment.
• 1783 - the decision of Prince G. A. Potemkin on the construction of the fortress of Vladikavkaz.
• 1784 - On May 6, the construction of the Vladikavkaz fortress on the eve of the Darial Gorge - a key point of the road leading to Transcaucasia - was also dictated by the conclusion of the St. George friendly treaty between Russia and Kartli-Kakhetia the day before.
• 1785 - The highlanders attacked Kizlyar under the leadership of Sheikh Mansur, the successful defense of the fortress by the Grebensky Cossacks under the leadership of Ataman Sekhin and Bekovich. Establishment of the Caucasian Viceroyalty from the Astrakhan and Caucasian provinces with the capital in the village of Ekaterinograd.
• 1786 - April 11 - Grebenskoe , (Terskoe-)Family , Volga And Terskoe (-Kizlyarskoe) Cossack troops and Mozdok Cossack regiment were separated from the Astrakhan army and, together with Khopersky Cossack regiment, received the name settled Caucasian Line Cossacks and transferring them to the command of the commander of the Georgian Corps.
• 1788 - Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Tekelli.
• 1790 -Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Bibikov.
• 1791 - Participation of the Terek Cossack army in the fighting near Anapa under the command of Gudovich.
• 1796 - From the baptized Kalmyks and the Saratov militia, the village of Stoderevskaya was created. Participation of Tertsev in the Persian campaign of Count Valerian Zubov.
• 1799 - Decree of Paul I on the comparison of army and Cossack ranks.

19th century

• 1802 - Beginning of the permanent service of the linear Cossacks in Transcaucasia.
• 1804 - Rulers with captains Surkov and Yegorov are distinguished near Erivan.
• 1806 - Plague on the Line.
• 1808 - two cavalry artillery companies were formed to reinforce the military Cossack force under the regiments.
• 1809 - Accession of the Ingush to Russia and the beginning of their resettlement from the mountains to the plane.
• 1810 - April 2, the battle of Chervlensky foreman Frolov with the Chechens.
• 1817 - the beginning of the Caucasian War. The fortification Barrier camp was built on the site of the Orstkhoy aul Enakhishka, then the village of Mikhailovskaya (modern Sernovodsk).
• 1812 - foundation of Pyatigorsk.
• 1814 - plague on the Line.
• 1817 - Strengthening of the Nazran fortification by the construction of the Barrier Camp.
• 1818 - by order of the commander of the Separate Caucasian Corps, General of Infantry Alexei Petrovich Yermolov, the Groznaya fortress was founded. She blocked the Chechen highlanders from entering the plain through the Khankala Gorge. The fortress was part of the so-called Sunzha fortified line. Mikhail Lermontov and Count Leo Tolstoy served here. By 1870 it had lost its strategic importance and was transformed into a district town of the Terek region.
• 1819 - General A.P. Yermolov, taking advantage of the tense military situation in the North Caucasus, canceled the elective positions of the military ataman, captain, bannerman and clerk in the Grebensky army. Captain E. P. Efimovich was appointed commander of the troops that received the regiment's device. “From that time, a real turning point in the rights and way of life of the Grebensky Cossacks begins.” Construction of the fortress Sudden.
• 1822 - The Caucasian province is renamed into the region, the management of which is entrusted to the Commander of the Line troops.
• 1824 - formation of the Gorsky Regiment from new villages: Lukovskaya, Yekateringradskaya, Chernoyarskaya, Novoossetinskaya, Pavlodolskaya, Approximate, Prokhladnaya, Soldierskaya. The beginning of the uprising in Chechnya led by Kazi-Mulla.
• 1825 - the height and defeat of the uprising. The death of Grekov and Lisanovich.
• 1826-1828 - participation of the Terek, Grebensky and Mozdok Cossacks in the Russian-Iranian war. Feats in battles: June 19 with delibashi, June 21 near Kars (esaul Zubkov), August 15, 1828 near Akhaltsikhe (again Zubkov) and June 20, 1829 at Milli-Dyuz (Venerovsky and Atarshchikov), etc. August 15, 1826 Chechen attack for 2 Cossacks of the village of Mekenskaya on the river. Terek.
• 1829 - construction of the villages: State and Kursk.
• 1831 - the form of the Circassian sample was established.
• 1832 - for the feats shown in the fight against the enemy, a team of the Life Guards of the Caucasian linear Cossacks was assigned to His Imperial Majesty's Own convoy from the Assembled Line Regiment. Renaming the Grebensky, Terek-Family, Volga and Terek-Kizlyar troops into the Grebensky, Tersky, Volga and Kizlyar regiments. Appointment of the first chieftain-general-lieutenant Verzilin P. S. On August 19, the battle of the Grebensky Cossacks with the Kazi-Mulla detachment near Shavdan-Yurt (the death of Colonel Volzhensky).
• 1836 - Terek and Kizlyar regiments were merged into one Family Kizlyar regiment.
• 1837 - Appointment of Lieutenant General S. S. Nikolaev as the Chief Ataman. To protect the road to Georgia, the construction of new villages: Prishibskaya, Kotlyarevskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Urukhskaya, Zmeiskaya, Nikolaevskaya, Ardonskaya and Arkhonskaya.
• 1841 - Battle on January 9, Grebentsov, under the command of the commander of the Grebensky regiment, Major Venerovsky, with a detachment of Chechens in the Shchedrin forest.
• 1842 - The Vladikavkaz regiment was assigned to the line army.
• 1844 - the foundation of the Petrovsky fortification (modern Makhachkala).
• 1845 - construction of a new cordon line along the Sunzha River began. A large number of new villages appeared - Vladikavkaz, Novo-Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Field Marshal's, Terskaya, Karabulakskaya, Troitskaya, Mikhailovskaya and others. From the Cossacks of these villages, the 1st Sunzhensky and 2nd Vladikavkaz Cossack regiments were formed. And from the Cossack villages of Samashki, Zakan-Yurt, Alkhan-Yurt, Grozny, Petropavlovsk, Dzhalkinskaya, Umakhan-Yurt and Goryachevodskaya, the 2nd Sunzhensky regiment was formed. The first "Regulations on the Caucasian linear Cossack army" was approved, which regulated the order of command and service in the army. Participation of the Terek Cossacks in the Dargin campaign of Count Vorontsov ("Sukharnaya expedition").
• 1846 - Fight May 24 Grebensky Cossacks under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Suslov and military foreman Kamkov near Ak-Bulat-Yurt with detachments of highlanders.
• 1849 - Participation of the Consolidated Linear Cossack Division with Prince Paskevich in the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution. A new chief ataman of the lineians was appointed, Major General F. A. Krukovskoy.
• 1851 - December 10, the death of Lieutenant General N. P. Sleptsov in a battle near the village of Gekhi
• 1852 - Major General Prince G. R. Eristov, Chieftain of the Lineians, was appointed.
• 1853-1856 Eastern Allied War. Participation of linemen in battles.
• 1856 - the service life of linemen was reduced from 30 years to 25 of which 22 years in the field and 3 years in the interior
• 1859 - with the fall of Gunib and the capture of Imam Shamil, a turning point occurred in the Caucasian War, and the resistance of the highlanders was mostly suppressed. A year later, the Vladikavkaz, Mozdok, Kizlyar, Grebensky and two Sunzhensky regiments were awarded St. George's banners "For military exploits against the recalcitrant highlanders."
• 1860 - on the initiative of Adjutant General Prince A.N. Baryatinsky, the Caucasian line troops were divided into two parts - the Kuban and Terek regions.
• 1861 - The first chief ataman, Major General H. E. Popandopullo.
• 1864 - The final conquest of the Western Caucasus. Reducing the service life for the Caucasian Cossacks to 22 years, 15 years in the field and 7 years in the interior.
• 1882 - The charter on military service of the Don army was applied to the Terek Cossack army without any changes.
• 1890 - for the Terek Cossack Army, the day of the military holiday was established - August 25 (September 7, according to a new style), the day of the Apostle Bartholomew, the patron saint of the Army.

20th century

• 1914 - The Terek Cossack army in full force went to the front. Additionally formed during the war: 2nd and 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky, 2nd and 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok, 2nd and 3rd Volga, 2nd and 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz regiments, 3 -I Terek Cossack horse-mountain and 4th Terek Cossack plastun batteries, 1st and 2nd Terek plastun battalions and management of the 1st Terek preferential Cossack division.
• On March 27 (April 9), 1917, a deputy of the IV Duma, a member of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, M. A. Karaulov, was elected Ataman of the Terek Cossack Army by the Military Circle (Killed during a soldier's revolt on December 26, 1917).
• November 11 (24) - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the destruction of estates and civil ranks." It is this normative document Soviet power in the face of the struggle became the legal basis for the struggle against the Cossacks.
• October-November 1917 - attacks by Chechen detachments on the city of Grozny and the village of Groznenskaya, which were repulsed. The attack of the Ingush detachments on the village of Feldmarshalskaya and its destruction.
• 1918 - Georgievsk, Nezlobnaya, Podgornaya, Maryinskaya, Burgustanskaya, Lukovskaya and other villages revolted in June after soldiers of the 39th Infantry Division stole grain and livestock from the Cossacks of Nezlobnaya, Podgornaya and Georgievsk. On June 23, the Cossack congress in Mozdok adopted a resolution on a complete break with the Bolsheviks. Colonels were appointed commanders of the fronts: Mozdoksky - Vdovenko, Kizlyarsky - Sekhin, Sunzhensky - Roshchupkin, Vladikavkaz - Sokolov, Pyatigorsky - Agoev.

In August, the Terek Cossacks and Ossetians captured Vladikavkaz, the Ingush, by their intervention, saved the Terek Council of Commissars, but at the same time brutally plundered the city, seized the State Bank and the Mint. On May 9, Soviet power was established on the Terek. By a special decree, all the military units that existed up to that time were declared disbanded, but the execution of the decree followed only in relation to the Cossack units, since at the same time, at the suggestion of the Bolshevik commissar of the war years, Butyrin, the meeting of the "mountain factions" of the People's Council decided to organize a consolidated detachment " to fight the counter-revolution."

The combined forces of the Ingush and the Red Army defeated 4 villages of the Sunzhenskaya line, which stood across the path between mountainous and flat Chechnya: Sunzhenskaya, Aki-Yurtovskaya, Tarskaya and Tarsky farm. The Cossacks (about 10 thousand people) of them were evicted without exception, and with the remnants of their property, unarmed, they pulled north without any definite prospects. They died and froze along the way, being again attacked and plundered by the highlanders.

• 1919 - January 24, a letter from the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) which spoke of the extermination of the Cossacks who took part in the struggle against Soviet power and the eviction of the Cossacks in the central regions of Russia. On March 16, 1919, the circular was suspended, but the terror machine gained momentum and continued on the ground.
• 1920 - On March 25, the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree "On the construction of Soviet power in the Cossack regions", in the development of which representatives of the Cossack department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee also took part. The decree provided for the creation of authorities in the Cossack regions, provided for by the Constitution of the RSFSR and the regulation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on rural and volost executive committees. The creation of councils of Cossack deputies was not provided for by these documents. Cossack villages and farms were administratively part of those provinces to which they adjoined territorially. They were led, respectively, by the local Soviets. Under the local Soviets, Cossack sections could be created that were of an agitational and informational nature. These measures abolished the remnants of self-government of the Cossacks.

October 14 - resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b): "On the agrarian issue, it is necessary to return to the highlanders of the North Caucasus the lands taken from them by the Great Russians at the expense of the kulak part of the Cossack population and instruct the Council of People's Commissars to immediately prepare an appropriate resolution." On October 30, the following villages were evicted to the Stavropol province: Ermolovskaya, Zakan-Yurtovskaya, Romanovskaya, Samashkinskaya, Mikhailovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Kokhanovskaya, and the land was placed at the disposal of the Chechens. In October, an anti-Soviet uprising was raised in the Cossack villages of Kalinovskaya and Yermolovskaya. Zakan-Yurt, Samashkinskaya and Mikhailovskaya. November 17 - the liquidation of the Terek region, at the congress of the peoples of the Terek region on that day the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed as part of the RSFSR, which included 5 mountain national districts and 4 Cossack national departments: Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Sunzha, Kizlyar, Chechen, Khasavyurt, Nazranovsky, Vladikavkaz, Nalchik. The creation of the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was enshrined in a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of January 20, 1921.

• 1921 - March 27 (Modern Commemoration Day of the Terek Cossacks) 70 thousand Terek Cossacks were evicted from their homes during the day. 35 thousand of them were destroyed on the way to the railway station. Emboldened by impunity, the "highlanders" spared neither women, nor children, nor the elderly. And the families of “Red Ingush” and “Red Chechens” who descended from the mountain villages settled in the empty houses of the Cossack villages. On January 20, the Gorskaya ASSR consisted of the Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetian, Ingush, Sunzhensky Autonomous Okrugs, two independent cities of Grozny and Vladikavkaz. Part of the territory was transferred to the Terek province of the North Caucasus region (Mozdok department), and the other part became part of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Khasavyurt district) (Aukhov Chechens and Kumyks) and the Kizlyar department. According to the August report of the head of the provincial police, small “white-green” detachments were rallying into larger ones, “attacking individual citizens, farms, villages and even trains with greater audacity and cruelty. The Mozdok and Svyatokrestovsky districts, the villages of Lysogorskaya, often local "gangs"80. In October 1921, detachments of 1300 sabers with 15 machine guns operated on the Terek, including the largest: Khmara (350 people) and Suprunov (250 people) near Kislovodsk, Lavrov (200 people) and Ovchinnikov (250 people) from Mozdok to Kizlyar. A detachment of Bezzubov (140 people) concentrated near Stavropol. Frequent raids were made on the foothill villages. It is characteristic that Kabardians, Ossetians, and Stavropol peasants joined the Cossack core of the rebels. The authorities took tough measures. A combined detachment was transferred to the Terek Apanasenko as part of the 1st Cavalry Army.Cooperation of local authorities with the neighboring Kalmyk autonomy has been established.Self-defense detachments have been created in villages and villages. These factors, coupled with increasing hunger, had an effect. The detachments disintegrated and more and more often turned to criminal actions. A voluntary turnout of rebels in captivity unfolded. By the beginning of 1922, 520 "white-green" with 6 machine guns remained in the Terek region, and half as many in Stavropol.

• 1922 - On November 16, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Kizlyar department of the TKV was transferred to Dagestan.
• 1923 - On January 4, the borders of the Chechen Autonomous Region, which seceded from the Gorskaya ASSR, were determined. The Chechens were given the lands occupied by the villages of Petropavlovskaya, Goryachevodskaya, Ilyinskaya, Pervomaiskaya and the Sarakhtinsky farm of the Sunzhensky district. At the same time, it was decided to transfer the city of Grozny - founded by Yermolov, built on the site of the Grebensky settlements of the 15th century, to Chechnya. The Chechen Autonomous Okrug included 6 districts (Gudermes, Shalinsky, Vedensky, Nadterechny, Urus-Martanovsky, Sunzhensky (Novochechensky) and one district - Petropavlovsky.
• 1924 - friction between the evicted Terek Cossacks and the Ingush in the city of Vladikavkaz. Decree of the Commission of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) on the results of a survey of Soviet work in the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: "Instruct the Gortsik to consider the complaints of the Ingush about the actions of the Cossacks who settled in Vladikavkaz, evicted from the Sunzha villages and relocate them to areas where the possibility of friction is excluded."
• 1927 - The North Caucasian region (the main grain base of the USSR) did not fulfill the plan for grain procurement for state needs. This was seen as sabotage. Special detachments confiscated all the grain that could be found in the Terek villages, dooming the population to starvation and disruption of sowing work. Many Cossacks were convicted "for profiteering in bread." The Soviet government could not put up with a situation where its existence depended on the goodwill of wealthy Cossacks.

A way out was found in the conduct of collectivization and the inclusion of the North Caucasian Territory in the zone of continuous collectivization. All those who resisted joining the collective farms were declared enemies of Soviet power and kulaks. From the end of the 1920s, forced deportations from the North Caucasus to remote regions of the country began.

• 1928 - Chechen attack on the Cossacks st. Naurskaya during harvesting, 1 Terek Cossack was killed.
• 1929 - at the beginning of the year, the Sunzhensky district and the city of Grozny entered the Chechen Autonomous Okrug. February 11, 1929 Novochechensky district was included in the Sunzhensky district. The district included villages: Sleptsovskaya, Troitskaya, Karabulakskaya, Nesterevskaya, Voznesenskaya, Assinovskaya; farms: Davydenko, Akki-yurt (village of Chkalovo-Malgobek district), Chemulga; auls: (from the Novochechensk district) Achkhoy-Martanovsky, Aslanbekovsky (modern Sernovodsky) and Samashkinsky. Grozny became the center of the region. The following districts were now part of the Chechen Autonomous Okrug: Sunzhensky, Urus-Martanovsky, Shalinsky, Gudermessky, Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Vedensky, Shatoysky, Itum-Kalinsky, Galanchozhsky, Nadterechny, Petropavlovsky.

The city of Vladikavkaz has traditionally remained the administrative center of two autonomous regions: North Ossetian and Ingush.

The Ingush Autonomous Okrug initially consisted of 4 districts: Prigorodny, Galashkinsky, Psedakhsky and Nazranovsky. Arbitrariness in the administrative division of Chechnya continued.

• September 30, 1931 - districts were renamed districts.
• January 15, 1934 - The Chechen and Ingush Autonomous Regions were merged into the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Okrug with the center in the city of Grozny.
• December 25, 1936 - CHIAO was transformed into the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - CHIASSR.
• March 13, 1937 - Kizlyarsky district and Achikulaksky district are withdrawn from the DASSR and included in the newly formed Ordzhonikidzevsky region (January 2, 1943 renamed Stavropolsky).
• 1944 - On February 23, Chechens and Ingush were deported to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. On March 7, the abolition of the CHIASSR and the formation of the Grozny District as part of the Stavropol Territory were announced. On March 22, Grozny Oblast was formed as part of the RSFSR. Parts of the territory of the former CHIASSR were transferred to the Georgian SSR, SOASSR, Dag. ASSR. From Doug. The ASSR and the Stavropol Territory part of the steppe lands were transferred to the Grozny region.
• 1941-1945 - another split of the Terek Cossacks into opposing sides. Part fought with the Red Army, and part on the side of the Wehrmacht. In May-June 1945, in the Austrian city of Lienz, thousands of Cossacks with their families, including children, the elderly, and women, were extradited by the British to the NKVD.
• 1957 - On January 9, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR No. 721 of February 6, 1957 in connection with the formation of the CHIASSR and the return of the repressed peoples to their former place of residence (this did not affect the Cossacks; the Kizlyar region without the Cossack left bank, that is, , which had been the Kizlyar-family army since 1735, was again transferred to Dagestan, however, part of the Prigorodny district remained part of the SOASSR. and Lenin-aul, Kalinin-aul of the Kazbekovsky district of the DagASSR). "Temporarily" Gilna (Gviletia) was included in the Georgian SSR. A number of mountainous regions of the republic were closed for living. Tens of thousands of Chechens and Ingush were deprived of the opportunity to return to their native villages and homes Mountain Chechens were settled mainly in the Sunzhensky, Naursky and Shelkovskaya districts. The Ingush, who did not have the opportunity to return to the Prigorodny district, were forced to settle in the villages and villages of the Sunzhensky, Malgobek district, the city of Grozny, etc. The Aukh Chechens were forced to settle in other villages of Khasavyurt, Kizilyurt and Babayurt districts of the DagASSR.
• 1958 - On the evening of August 23, 1958, in the suburbs of Grozny, the village of Chernorechye, where workers and employees of the Grozny chemical plant mainly lived, the Chechen Lulu Malsagov, while intoxicated, started a fight with a Russian guy Vladimir Korotchev and stabbed him in the stomach. A little later, Malsagov, along with other Chechens, met Yevgeny Stepashin, a factory worker who had just been demobilized from the army, and stabbed him several times. Stepashin's wounds turned out to be fatal, but Korotchev was saved.

Rumors about the murder of a twenty-two-year-old Russian guy quickly spread among the workers of the plant and the residents of Grozny. Despite the fact that the killer and his accomplices were immediately detained by the police, the public reaction was unusually violent, especially among young people. Demands for severe punishment of the murderers began to be heard.

August 26-28 - riots in the city of Grozny, in which Terek Cossacks took part in connection with another murder by Chechens in the village of Chernorechye Stepashin, a 23-year-old worker of a chemical plant. There was no Soviet power in Grozny for 3 days. The building of the regional committee was destroyed. The crowd attacked the "bosses" in the basement, beat them and tore off their clothes. Grozny residents seized the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB. Under red banners, they broke into the telephone exchange. An engineer from Gudermes spoke to Khrushchev's reception at the Central Committee, demanding that the Chechens be curbed - "considering the manifestation (on their part) of the brutal attitude towards the peoples of other nationalities, expressed in massacre, murder, rape and bullying." The troops that entered Grozny suppressed this "Russian uprising"; 57 people were arrested and convicted. The indulgence of Chechen extremism continued until the 1990s, when it was the Russian and Cossack population of Chechnya that became the first victim of the Dudayev regime.

• 1959 - August 22 - a group fight between the Terek Cossacks and the petty bourgeois who supported the Russian peasants with the Chechens in the city of Gudermes. About 100 people participated, 9 received bodily injuries, 2 of them were severe. It was possible to stop the clash only with the help of the military personnel of the local garrison.

• 1961 - a clash in the village of Mekenskaya between Chechen settlers from Shatoi and the Cossacks. By decision of the council of elders of the Cossacks-Old Believers, Chechens are not allowed to live in the village. Chechens settled in the village of Naurskaya. Until the beginning of the 1990s, the only settlement in the CHIASSR where Chechens did not live en masse.
• 1962 - a clash in the House of Culture of the Cossacks of the village of Karabulakskaya with the Ingush. 16 Ingush and 3 Cossacks were killed.
• 1963 - a clash in the House of Culture at the meeting of the New Year of the Cossacks of the village of Naurskaya with the Chechens. The Christmas tree was knocked down, Cossacks and Chechens were injured.
• 1964 - April 18 - riots in the city of Stavropol: the Terek Cossacks and the peasants and philistines who supported them, numbering about 700 people, tried to release the "unfairly" detained drunken Terek Cossack. The building of the police station was vandalized, a policeman was beaten up and a patrol car was set on fire. Soldiers' patrols were brought into the city, the instigators were arrested.

• 1979 - summer: clashes in the village. Chernokozovo between the Cossacks Art. Mekenskaya and Chechens of the village of Naurskaya, who were supported by the Cossacks of Art. Naurskaya. There were wounded on both sides.

Clashes between the Chechens of the village of Savelyevskaya and the Cossacks of the village of Kalinovskaya, wounded on both sides.

• 1981 - riots in which Terek Cossacks took part in the city of Ordzhinikidze (modern Vladikavkaz) in connection with another murder of an Ossetian taxi driver by the Ingush.
• 1990 - On March 23-24, the Small (Constituent) Circle of the Terek Cossacks was held at the Vladikavkaz Republican Palace of Pioneers, at which its restoration was proclaimed.

The city of Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz) became the capital of the army. Vasily Konyakhin was elected ataman of the TKV. The leadership of the Terek Cossack Army in Vladikavkaz has unequivocally chosen a "red" political orientation. The founding Small Circle on March 23-24, 1990 was held under the motto: "Terek Cossacks - for the Great October, for the renewal of society, for friendship between peoples." In May, the Sunzhensky and Tersko-Grebensky departments were established in Checheno-Ingushetia, in June - the Mozdok department in North Ossetia, in August - the Tersko-Malkinsky department in Kabardino-Balkaria, in October 1990 - the Naursky department in Checheno-Ingushetia.

• 1991 - On March 23, in the village of Troitskaya, a group of 7 Ingush people killed an 11th grade student V. Tipailov, who was trying to protect two Cossack women from violence. On April 7 (On Easter Day) of the same year, in the village of Karabulak, A. I. Podkolzin, the ataman of the Sunzha department of the Terek army, was killed by the Ingush Batyrov. On April 27, in the village of Troitskaya, a group of Ingush Albakov, Khashagulgov, Tokhov, Mashtagov provoked a fight at a Cossack wedding. After that, the next day, having taken their women and children out of the village, Ingush extremists from various settlements of Ingushetia made an armed attack on the defenseless Cossack population. 5 Cossacks were killed, 53 were injured and severely beaten, 4 houses were burned, several cars were burned, many houses were damaged. For 10 hours, the village of Troitskaya was in the hands of brutal rioters. Three days before the raid, a joint group of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the KGB of the republic worked in the village, which seized all the weapons (hunting rifles) from the Cossacks.

• 1992 - participation of the Terek Cossacks on the side of the Ossetians in the Ossetian-Ingush conflict over the Prigorodny district. The beginning of Chechen attacks on the villages of the departments of Sunzha (modern Sunzhensky district), Mozdok (modern Naur district), Kizlyar (modern Shelkovskaya district).
• 1993 - On March 27, at the Great Circle, ataman V. Konyakhin resigned, and deputy commander of a motorized rifle regiment, hereditary Sunzha Cossack Alexander Starodubtsev, was elected in his place.
• 1994 - on December 23, the death of Ataman A. Starodubtsev, he was replaced by V. Sizov. The beginning of the fighting of the Terek Cossacks with the support of federal forces in the Chechen Republic against the armed formations of Dzhokhar Dudayev, the beginning of regular attacks by Kabardians on the village of Soldatskaya.
• 1995 - in October, Major General Viktor Shevtsov was elected ataman of the TKV.
• 1996 - December 13-14 in Mineralnye Vody passed the Extraordinary Circle of the TKV, which demanded an end to the persecution of the Cossacks for possession of weapons, separation from Chechnya of the "historical Cossack" Naursky and Shelkovsky regions and their inclusion in the Stavropol Territory, as well as the introduction of Cossack battalions into these areas. At the same time, about 700 Cossacks blocked the railway track and the entrance of passengers to the terminal building for several hours. On December 27, a meeting of atamans of the Cossack troops of the South of Russia was held in Pyatigorsk, which supported the demands of the TKV to the President in an ultimatum form.

Particularly irreconcilable positions in relation to the authorities were taken by the Pyatigorsk department of the TKV, associated with the RNU, headed by ataman Yuri Churekov. Churekov took part in the meeting of chieftains of the Center and South of Russia on January 30, 1996, at which a resolution was adopted calling for the abolition of the Main Directorate of Cossack Troops under the President of the Russian Federation. Five Cossacks of the Pyatigorsk department of the TKV from the village of Stoderevskaya were convicted in 1996 for the murder of an investigator and a district policeman. In February 1997, at the RNU congress, Yu. Churekov presented Alexander Barkashov with an inlaid checker on behalf of the Cossacks. By order of Shevtsov, the rebellious Pyatigorsk department was liquidated, and the united Pyatigorsk department of the TKV was created, which also included 5 more districts of the Stavropol Territory. By order of Shevtsov, Major General Alexander Cherevashchenko became the ataman of the united department. Participation of the Terek Cossacks in the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic as part of a motorized rifle battalion named after General Yermolov.

• 1997 - The captures of the Terek Cossacks began on April 20 in the village of Mekenskaya, Naursky district.
• 1999 - On October 7, a resident of the village of Mekenskaya, Adil Ibragimov, shot 42 Cossacks and Cossacks of this village. A few days earlier, he had slaughtered the Allenov family in the village of Alpatovo. Chechens, residents of the Naursky district, by decision of the council of elders, carried out lynching, slaughtering Adil Ibragimov on central square villages of Naur with iron bars to death.

XXI Century

• 2000-2001 participation of the Terek Cossacks in the fighting on the territory of the Chechen Republic as part of a special forces detachment.
• 2003, January - the ataman of the village of Ishcherskaya, Nikolai Lozhkin, was killed. September In the village of Chervlenaya, on Monday night, armed raiders killed the chieftain of the Terek-Grebensky department of the Terek Cossack army, Yesaul Mikhail Senchikov. According to the Terek troops based in Stavropol, the masked raiders broke into Mikhail Senchikov's house, took him out into the yard and shot him point-blank with automatic weapons. The criminals managed to escape.
• 2007, February - the murder of Andrey Khanin, ataman of the Lower Kuban Cossack department of the Stavropol Cossack district of the Terek Cossack army.
• July 2, 2008 - a clash between the Cossacks of the villages of Kotlyarevskaya and Prishibskaya in the village of Prishibskaya (modern Maysky) with the Kabardians. August participation of the Cossacks in the operation to force Georgia to peace.
• 2009 - February 8 - Kabardian attack on the village of Kotlyarevskaya.
• 2010-April 22, Pyotr Statsenko, chieftain of the Cossack society of the Kizlyar district of Dagestan, was killed in the Krasny Voskhod farm.

Military units

• 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Yermolov Regiment. Seniority - 1577 Regimental holiday - 25 August. Dislocation - Grozny, Terek region (07/01/1903, 02/01/1913, 04/01/1914). 1881.3.8. George.skirt.banner arr.1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.1881.3.8. George.skirt.banner arr.1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky Regiment.1881.3.8. For distinction, skirt banner arr. 1883. The cloth and border are light blue, the embroidery is silver. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction / in the Turkish / war for the good / against / against / Gortsev in 1828 and / 1829 / and for the capture of Andy and / Dargo in 1845." "1577-1877". The icon is unknown. Alexander.jub.ribbon "1881". Good condition. Fate is unknown.

Subordinate to the ataman of the TKV.

• 1st Volga Regiment of His Imperial Highness the Heir Tsesarevich. Seniority - 1732. Regimental holiday - August 25. Dislocation - Khotin, Bessarabian province. (07/01/1903), Kamenetz-Podolsk (02/01/1913, 04/01/1914). In 1831, the regiment received the St. George banner. In 1860, another St. George banner was granted. The regiment had the St. George banner for the pacification of the Eastern and Western Caucasus. 1865.20.7. George banner arr. 1857. Light blue cross, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1806 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For excellent, diligent / service and for distinction / in the conquest of the Eastern and / Western Caucasus." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 2nd Volga Regiment. The regiment received the St. George Banner for the Caucasian War and the pacification of the Eastern and Western Caucasus (by that time it already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). In 1860, the St. George banner was granted. 1865.20.7. George banner arr. 1857. Light blue cross, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1806 (G.Arm.) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction / in Turkish war/ and for the sake of the former / against Gortsev / in 1828 and 1829 and / for distinction during / the conquest of the Eastern / and Western Caucasus. Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Volga Regiment. The regiment received an inscription on the banner for the Caucasian War (already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). 1851.25.6. Banner for distinction arr. 1831. The cloth is dark green, the medallions are red, the embroidery is gold. Pommel arr. 1816 (Arm.). Wood black. "For / excellent / diligent / service." The condition is satisfactory.

• 1st Gorsko-Mozdok General Krukovsky Regiment. Seniority - 1732. Regimental holiday - August 25. Dislocation - m. Olty, Kars region. (02/01/1913). The regiment had the St. George banner for the Caucasian war. 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

Church of the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment Tersk. kaz. troops in honor of St. Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky. Patronal feast day 30 August. Camping (at the regiment) church was founded in 1882. The church is located on the outskirts of the city of Olta, at the location of the regimental barracks. It was built on public funds in the manner of military churches; consecrated December 17, 1909. It is 35 arsh long and 18 arsh wide. According to the staff, the church is assigned: one priest.

• 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment. The regiment had the St. George banner for the Caucasian war. 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.
• 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment. The regiment had an inscription on the flag for the Caucasian War (before that it already had a banner for the wars with Turkey and Persia in 1828-1829). 1831.21.9. Banner for distinction arr. 1831. The cloth is dark blue, the medallions are red, the embroidery is gold. Pommel sample 1806 (George) silvered. Wood black. "For distinction in the Turkish / war and for the good / former against the Highlanders / in 1828 and 1829". The condition is bad. Fate is unknown.

• 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz regiment of General Sleptsov. Seniority - 1832 Regimental holiday - 25 August. Dislocation - ur. Khan-Kendy, Elisavetgrad province. (July 1, 1903, February 1, 1913, April 1, 1914). 1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown. Church of the 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment Ter. kaz. troops in memory of the Transfiguration of the Lord. Patronal feast day 6 August. The camping (at the shelf) church has existed since 1894.

The regimental church is located in the center of the uroch. Khan-Kendy. It was founded by the 16th Mingrelian Grenadier Regiment during its stay here in 1864 and consecrated in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord on February 9, 1868. After the Mingrelian Regiment left in 1877 from the tract. Khan-Kendy, the church was under the jurisdiction of the 2nd Foot Plastun Battalion until 1896, and from that time until now it has been under the jurisdiction of the 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment. The building of the church is stone, in the form of a cross, in connection with the bell tower. Accommodates up to 1000 people. According to the staff, the church is assigned: one priest.

• 2nd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment. In the reign of Alexander II, the regiment was rewarded with a simple banner and the St. George standard. 1878.13.10. George standard arr. 1875. Light blue squares, silver embroidery. The pommel arr.1867 (G.Arm.) silvered. The shaft is dark green with silver grooves. "For the distance / 6th July / 1877 / of the year." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

• 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz Regiment.1860.3.3. George banner. The drawing is unknown. "For the military / feats against / recalcitrant / Highlanders." Good condition. Fate is unknown.

At the beginning of the Great War, the TKV regiments were commanded by:

• 1st Kizlyar-Grebenskoy- Colonel A. G. Rybalchenko
• 2nd Kizlyar-Grebenskoy- Colonel D. M. Sekhin
• 3rd Kizlyar-Grebenskaya- Colonel F. M. Urchukin
• 1st Gorsko-Mozdok- Colonel A.P. Kulebyakin
• 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok- Colonel I. N. Kolesnikov
• 3rd Gorsko-Mozdok- military foreman I. Lepilkin
• 1st Volga Colonel- Ya. F. Patsapay
• 2nd Volga Colonel- N. V. Sklyarov
• 3rd Volga Colonel- A. D. Tuskaev
• 1st Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel S. I. Zemtsev
• 2nd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel E. A. Mistulov
• 3rd Sunzha-Vladikavkaz- Colonel A. Gladilin

• Terek local teams
• Terek Cossack Artillery:
  • 1st Terek Cossack Battery
  • 2nd Terek Cossack Battery
• His Imperial Majesty's Own Escort 3 and 4 hundreds. Seniority 10/12/1832, the general holiday of the convoy - October 4, the day of St. Erofey.

Dislocation - Tsarskoye Selo (1.02.1913). The bulk of the ranks of the Convoy (including officers) shaved their heads. The general color of the horses is bay (grey for trumpeters). 1867.26.11. St. George standard arr. 1857 (Guards). The cloth is yellow, the squares are red, the embroidery is silver. Pommel sample 1875 (George Guards) silvered. The shaft is dark green with silver grooves. "FOR EXCELLENT / BATTLE SERVICE / TERSK KAZACHIAGO / TROOPS". Good condition. The standard was taken abroad during the Civil War, now it is in the Life-Cossack Museum near Paris.

Villages of the Terek Cossacks

By 1917, the territory of the Terek Cossacks consisted of regimental departments: Pyatigorsk, Kizlyar, Sunzha, Mozdok, and the mountainous part was divided into districts: Nalchik, Vladikavkaz, Vedensky, Groznensky, Nazranovsky and Khasav-Yurtovsky. The regional center is in Vladikavkaz, the centers of departments are in Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Kizlyar and the village of Starosunzhenskaya.

Terek Cossack. Postcard of the French emigrant edition from the Army of Russia series (Terek Cossack Host. 1st Volga Regiment)

Kizlyar department

• Alexandria near the village had 20 farms.
• Alexandro-Nevskaya near the village had 3 farms.
• Dubovskaya - (Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich - was assigned to this village for some time) the village had 4 farms.
• Borozdinovskaya near the village had 9 farms.
• Kargalinskaya (aka Karginskaya) - (Pugachev, Emelyan Ivanovich - was assigned to the village, then was chosen as the ataman of the Tersky Family Host, then arrested by the supporters of the former ataman and sent to Mozdok) there were 3 farms near the village.
• Kurdyukovskaya near the village had 3 farms.
• Starogladovskaya (Count L. N. Tolstoy lived in the 19th century, the house has been preserved) there were 3 farms near the village.
• Grebenskaya near the village there were 3 farms.
• Shelkovskaya near the village was 1 farm.
• Staroshchedrinskaya near the village had 7 farms.
• Chervlennaya (M. Yu. Lermontov, L. N. Tolstoy, Dumas lived in the 19th century) there were 8 farms near the village.
• Nikolaevskaya village had 8 farms.

Mozdok department

• Kalinovskaya near the village had 29 farms.

• Groznenskaya (included in the city of Grozny) near the village there was 1 farm (Mamakaevsky) (modern Pervomaiskaya village)
• Baryatinskaya (modern Goryacheistochninskaya) there was 1 farm near the village.
• Kakhanovskaya (originally Umakhanyurtovskaya) - destroyed in 1917
• Romanovskaya (modern Zakan-Yurt) (originally Zakanyurtovskaya)
• Samashkinskaya, modern Samashki
• Mikhailovskaya Sernovodskoe
• Sleptsovskaya (former Sunzhenskaya), modern. Ordzhonikidzevskaya
• Karabulak (modern city of Karabulak)
• Voznesenskaya (originally Magomedyurtovskaya)
• Sunzhenskaya (Sunzha)
• Kambileevskaya (October)
• Kambileevskaya (abolished)
• Nikolaevskaya
• Ardonskaya (modern Ardon), Ardonsky farm (modern Michurino village)
• Tarskaya (Tarskoe)

Pyatigorsk department

• Alexandria
• Bekeshevskaya
• Georgievskaya
• Goryachevodskaya
• State (modern Soviet)
• Yekateringradskaya
• Essentuki
• Kislovodsk
• Kursk
• Lysogorskaya
• Gentle
• Podgornaya
• approximate
• Cool
• Novopavlovskaya
• Gentle
• Staropavlovskaya
• Soldier's

Some prominent Terek Cossacks

• Vdovenko, Gerasim Andreevich(-) - major general (1917). Lieutenant General (03/13/1919). Ataman of the Terek Cossack army (01.191. Member of the First World War: from 02.1917 commander of the 3rd Volga regiment of the Terek Cossack army, 1914-1917. Elected by the Terek circle as ataman of the Terek Cossack army (01.191. In the White movement: 06.1918 participated in the Terek uprising. Ataman of Terek Commander of the Terek Cossack troops in the Volunteer Army of Denikin and the Russian Army of Wrangel, 01.1918-11.1920. Signed on 07.22.1920 with other atamans of the Cossack troops an agreement with General Wrangel on the status of the Cossack troops and their support for the Russian army. Evacuated from Crimea (11.1920). In emigration, 11.1920-06.1945.Refused to retreat from Belgrade with the German troops.Killed without trial or investigation by agents of the NKVD.

• Agoev, Konstantin Konstantinovich - Major General (04/05/1889, the village of Novo-Osetinskaya, Terek region - 04/31/1971, buried in the cemetery of Jacksonville, New Jersey, USA), Ossetian, son of a constable. He graduated from the Real School of the Prince of Oldenburg and the Nikolaev Cavalry. student (1909, awarded the 1st prize for riding and listed on a marble plaque, graduated from the 1st category as a junker belt) - entered the 1st Volga Regiment of the Terek Cossack Host. In 1912 he graduated with honors from the District Gymnastics and Fencing Courses of the Kyiv Military District, and then from the Main Gymnastics and Fencing School in Petrograd, since 1914 he was a fencing instructor at the school. As a centurion, he took part in both All-Russian Olympiads: the First - in Kiev and the Second - in Riga, where he received the first prize for fighting on bayonets and the third - for fighting on espadrons. He was seriously wounded in the Carpathians by two bullets: in the chest and in the right forearm (09.14). George weapon. Esaul (08.15). Commander of a hundred of the Volga Cossack regiment (06.15 - 11.17). Ord. St. Anne with the inscription "For Courage", Ord. St. Stanislaus 3rd Art. with sword and bows. Ord. St. Anne 3rd Art. with swords and bow. Ord. St. Stanislaus 2nd class with swords. In May 1915, he transferred to the 2nd Volga Regiment. Commanding a hundred, in a battle under the village. Darahov, under enemy fire, led her on the attack before hitting checkers and was the first to crash into the chains of the Austrians. One of the machine guns of the pr-ka was personally taken by the commander of the hundred, the lieutenant Agoev. Ord. St. George 4th class (11/18/1915). October 26, 1916 in Transylvania in the battle near the village. Gelbor was wounded by a bullet in the left thigh with crushing of the bone; awarded the Order of St. Anna 2 st. with swords. Military foreman (1917). In June 1918 he was appointed head of the cavalry of the Pyatigorsk line, and then BP. leader of this line. In November 1918, with a detachment of the Pyatigorsk line, he arrived at the connection with the Volunteer Army in the Kuban region, was appointed commander of the 1st Terek Cossack regiment, renamed colonel. In battles under Art. Suvorovskaya November 16 wounded in the left hand. After recovering, he returned to the regiment, soon assumed temporary command of the 1st Terek Cossack division, then was appointed head of the division. Since November 1920 on the island of Lemnos, then in Bulgaria. In 1922 he was exiled by the government of Stamboliisky to Constantinople. In 1923 he returned to Bulgaria, where he lived until 1930, remaining in the position of the Terek-Astrakhan Kaz. shelf. In 1930 he left for the USA, settled in the estate of William Cowgil in the Fairfield district (Connecticut), where he taught fencing and horseback riding. Then he moved to Stratford to Nursing Home.

• Kolesnikov, Ivan Nikiforovich(09/07/1862 - xx.01.1920 old style) - Cossack of the village of Ishcherskaya TerKV. Educated at the Vladikavkaz progymnasium. He graduated from the Stavropol Cossack cadet school. Released by Khorunzhim (pr. 03.12.1880) in the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment TerKV. Commander of the 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment TerKV (since 07/12/1912), with whom he joined world war. Time brigade commander of the 1st Terek Kaz. divisions (22.08.-06.12.1914). Commander of the 1st Zaporozhye Empress Catherine the Great Regiment KubKV (from 04/30/1915) in Persia in the detachment of Gen. Baratov; commander of the 1st brigade of the 5th Caucasian Cossack division (02/08/1916-1917). Major General (pr. 10/22/1916). Commander of the 1st Kuban Kaz. division (from 09/26/1917). Commander of the 3rd Kuban Kaz. divisions (since 12.1917). Member of the White movement in southern Russia. From 03/04/1918 in the Volunteer Army. From 09/25/1918 to 01/22/1919 in the reserve of ranks at the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Socialist League; arrived from Stavropol in the Terek region. and from the middle of 11.1918 he commanded the rebellious Cossacks in the Terek region, from 04/07/1919 the head of the 4th Terek Cossack division, from 06.-10.1919 the head of the Grozny detachment of the North Caucasus Troops, then the head of the 1st Terek Cossack division, from 03.12.1919 the head of 2 th Terek Cossack division. He died of illness at 01.1920. Awards: St. George's weapon (VP 02/24/1915); Order of St. George 4th class (VP 05/23/1916).

• Staritsky, Vladimir Ivanovich(06/19/1885 - 05/16/1975, Dorchester, USA, buried in the cemetery in Novo Diveevo) - Major General (09.1920), Cossack of the village of Mekenskaya. He graduated from the Astrakhan real school and the Kiev military school (1906) - he joined the 1st Volga regiment. He graduated from the telegraph and demolition course at the 3rd railway battalion and the course of weapons and shooting at the Cossack department of the Officers' Rifle School. He began the Great War in the rank of commander of a hundred of the 2nd Volga Regiment. Then the assistant commander of the regiment. Ord. St. Vladimir 4th Art. with swords and bow. George weapon. Colonel RIA. Member of the Terek uprising (06.1918) - commander of the Zolsky detachment. Commander of the 1st Volga Regiment, Commander of the 1st Brigade of the 1st Terek Cossack Division of the All-Union Socialist Republic. During the evacuation to the Crimea, he remained in the Terek region, in June 1920 he joined General Fostikov's Russian Renaissance Army. Since September in the Crimea. In exile he lived in the KSHS, then in the USA. In the 1950s Chairman of the Commission for the Election of the Army Ataman. Member of the Board of the Union of Officials of the Russian Corps and Chairman of its New York Department. In 1973, both of his legs were amputated in Boston to prevent gangrene. Wife - Anna Ark. (d. 1963). Grandson.

• Litvizin, Mikhail Antonovich- centurion (d. 07/09/1986, Lakewood, New Jersey, in the 91st year), a Cossack of the village of Groznenskaya. After 1945, before moving to the USA, he lived in France. Chairman of the Union of Terek Cossacks in the USA.

• Karpushkin Viktor Vasilievich- cornet (d. 06/14/1996, South Lake Tahoe, California, in the 95th year), a Cossack of the village of Chervlenaya. In the 1930s - a member of the free-Cossack movement in Czechoslovakia. Daughter - Nina.

• Baratov, Nikolai Nikolaevich(02/01/1865 - 03/22/1932) - a native of the village of Vladikavkaz; cavalry general. During the Russo-Japanese War, he commanded the 1st Sunzha Cossack Regiment, and went to the front of the First World War as the head of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Division. With his regiments, he participated in the victorious battles near Sarykamysh and was awarded the Order of St. George 4 tbsp. In 1916, in order to strengthen the political position of Russia's allies, at the head of a separate expeditionary force, he made a demonstrative campaign into the depths of Persia. During the war for the Cossack Prize. gene. B., as an uncompromising supporter of cooperation with Denikin, was the ambassador to Georgia, and then the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of the South of Russia. Being an emigrant from 1920, he himself was disabled, until his death he remained the chairman of the Union of Russian military invalids. He died March 22, 1932 in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery in Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

• Bicherakhov, Lazar Fedorovich(1882 - 06/22/1952) - Colonel (1917), Major General of Great Britain (09.1918). He graduated from the 1st real school in St. Petersburg and the Alekseevsky military school in Moscow. Member of the First World War: in the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Regiment (1914-1915). In the Caucasian army on the Iranian front - the commander of the Terek Cossack detachment; subaul; 1915-1918. Withdrew (06.1918) to Anzali (now Iran), where he concluded (06.27.1918) with the British (General L. Densterville) an agreement on joint actions in the Caucasus. He landed (07/01/1918) his detachment in the village of Alyat (35 km from Baku) and announced his agreement to cooperate with the government (SNK) of the Baku Commune (Bolsheviks) and simultaneously with the government of the Azerbaijan Bourgeois Republic (formed on 05/27/1918) led by Musavists . He opened (07/30/1918) the front to the Turkish troops approaching Baku, taking his detachment to Dagestan, where he captured Derbent and Petrovsk-Port (Makhachkala) with the support of the British. The Baku government requested (08/01/1918) the British for help: on 08/04/1918 the British landed troops in Baku. At the same time, Turkish troops continued to advance on Baku, and the Turks managed to take the city by storm on 08/14/1918. The British fled to Petrovsk-Port (now Derbent) to Bicherakhov, and later, together with Bicherakhov's detachment, returned to Anzali (Iran). Meanwhile, General Bicherakhov, having established contact with Denikin and Kolchak, firmly settled (09.1918) with his troops in Petrovsk-Port. On 11.1918 he returned to Baku together with his troops, where in 1919 the British disbanded parts of Bicherakhov. He went to serve in the troops of the West Caspian region of Dagestan of the All-Union Socialist Republic of General Denikin on 02.1919. In 1920 he emigrated to Great Britain. In exile since 1919: Great Britain, Germany (since 1928). He died in Ulm in Germany. It is Lazar Bicherakhov's Detachment that is DIRECTLY connected with the CAPTURE OF BANDYUKS, BANK ROBBERS and CRIMINALS led by 27 "Baku Commissars" and their evacuation for trial from Baku to Petrovsk. It was the Chief of Counterintelligence Bicherakhov - General Martynov who was investigating 27 "Baku commissars". At the end of the 26 were sentenced to death, the 27th - Mikoyan, for active assistance to counterintelligence was released on parole not to engage in politics anymore.

• Glukhov, Roman Andreevich- genus. 1890 in the village of Essentuki; centurion. He went to the front of the First World War as a sergeant-major of a training team, for military prowess he was awarded St. George's crosses and medals of all four degrees and promoted to the rank of ensign. The regiment sent him as his delegate to the Terek Military Circle, which gathered after the revolution of 1917. In the spring of the following year, he was taken from the house by the Bolsheviks and imprisoned in Pyatigorsk, but was soon released by the rebels and went with them to the mountains. When the Pyatigorsk department was cleared of the Reds, the native Essentuki village elected its ataman. In 1920, retreating with the Cossacks, he went through the mountain roads to Georgia, and from there he emigrated to Europe and the USA. From 1926 he lived in New York, took part in the Cossack public life and died at the age of 62.

• Golovko, Arseny Grigorievich(June 10 (June 23), 1906, Prokhladny, now Kabardino-Balkaria - May 17, 1962, Moscow) - Soviet naval commander, admiral (1944).

• Gutsunaev, Temirbulat- genus. in 1893 near Vladikavkaz. During the First World War, he was released from the Odessa Military School as an officer in the Native Division; after the revolution he fought for the liberation of the Terek. In 1920, with the army of Bredov, he retreated to Poland, formed a division there from volunteers Ossetians and Cossacks, and, being a Yesaul, at the head of it, continued to fight the Reds on the side of the Poles. Having remained in exile, he served under the contract as an officer of the Polish cavalry regiment. He died in Warsaw of spleen cancer in June 1941.

• Kapcherin, Martinian Antonovich- Cossack of the village of Shchedrinskaya, Kizlyar department, Tersky KV Kapcherin M.A. in 1937-1938 wrote "The Tertsy Campaign to Hungary", published in the journal "Tersky Cossack" / Yugoslavia /.

• Kasyanov, Vasily Fyodorovich- genus. April 24, 1896 in the village of Groznenskaya. From the Orenburg Kaz. The school was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and entered the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment; in its ranks he spent the First World War; gg. 1919-1920 fought for the Terek on the Sunzha line, and retreating from Persia with a detachment of Dratsenko, he was captured by the Bolsheviks; miraculously escaped execution and fled from the POW camp to Turkey. As an emigrant, he graduated from the Polytechnic Institute in the Czech Republic (Brno) with a degree in chemical engineering. After the Second World War, he moved to Brazil and worked there as a specialist in a chemical plant. On October 6, 1956, he died a tragic death from a stab in the city of Serpaodineo. /Cossack dictionary-reference book, volume II, 1968 USA/.

• Kniper, Anna Vasilievna- (nee Safonova, in Timiryov's first marriage; 1893-1975) - Terek Cossack, poetess, beloved of Admiral Kolchak, wife of Rear Admiral Sergei Timiryov, mother of the artist Vladimir Timiryov.

• Maslevtsov, Ivan Dmitrievich- genus. July 31, 1899 in the village of Mikhailovskaya (now Sernovodsk, Chechnya). Talented restorer. He graduated from the Vladikavkaz Teacher's Seminary and participated in the struggle for the Cossack Idea; in 1920 he emigrated, and from 1923 he lived in the USA, where he completed the course of a construction college and worked as a draftsman and restorer of old paintings. For a number of years he was the secretary of the General Cossack Center in America. He died in New York on March 5, 1953 from a malignant tumor in the brain and was buried at the Cossack cemetery in Casville (New Jersey, USA). His daughter lived in the USA.

• Negodnov, Amos Karpovich- genus. in 1875 in the village of Ishcherskaya, major general. He completed a course of sciences in the Arakcheevsky Nkzhegorodsky cadet corps and entered the Orenburg Kaz. school. In 1904, a cornet was released to serve in the 1st Volga Kaz. regiment. On the front of the First World War he acted as the commander of hundreds of the same regiment, participated in the battles; on the Carpathian pass Uzhok was wounded, and for a night horse attack near the town of Savin, where he stopped the advance of the German infantry, he was awarded the Order of St. George 1st class. In 1916 he was transferred to serve in the 2nd Volga Kaz. the regiment, which he commanded in 1917 and after the revolution brought from the front to the Terek in perfect order. During the struggle against the Bolsheviks, N. commanded the Tersk regiments, was promoted to the rank of major general and was appointed brigade commander; with her he fought back in the direction of the Holy Cross, but in the end he was forced to retreat with his units to Georgia. From Georgia he got to the Crimea, and from there with the troops of Wrangel he went into exile; He worked as a taxi driver in Paris. After World War II, he moved to Argentina, where he died at the age of 81.

• Urchukin Flegont Mikhailovich(1870, St. Shchedrinskaya - March 13/26, 1930, Petrovaradin (Novi Sad), Serbia, Yugoslavia) - Major General of the Terek army. Cossack of the village of Shchedrinskaya TKV, Orthodox. Born on April 8, 1870. Graduated from the Vladikavkaz real and Mikhailovskoye artillery school in the 1st category. Cornet (from August 4-August 1892). He served in 1, then in 2 Terek Cossack batteries. Participant Russo-Japanese War. Yesaul from June 1, 1905. On February 28, 1909, he was promoted to military foreman and appointed commander of the 2nd Kuban Cossack battery. Then he commanded the 2nd Caucasian Cossack Cavalry Artillery Division. Promoted to colonel. Member of the First World War. In December 1914 he temporarily commanded the 3rd Volga Regiment. From March 7 to April 1915 he temporarily commanded the 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment. From February 8, 1916 commander of the 1st Zaporizhzhya regiment of the Kuban Cossack army. During the uprising of the Terek Cossacks against the Bolsheviks in 1918, he was the head of the Kizlyar front line. In the Volunteer Army he commanded a battery. In Sept. - Oct. 1919 - inspector of artillery of the 3rd Kuban Corps (Shkuro), then at the disposal of the ataman of the Terek Cossack army Vdovenko. In emigration, he served in the city of Ube in the cadastral section. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to the main directorate in Belgrade. Buried in Petrovardin (Novi Sad).

• Rogozhin Anatoly Ivanovich- genus. April 12, 1893, Cossack of the village of Chervlennaya TKV. Graduated. Vladikavkaz Cadet Corps (1911), a hundred of the Nikolaev Cavalry School (1913), cornet of the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Yermolov TKV regiment in Persia. In the Great War in the machine gun team of the 3rd Caucasian Cossack Division (08/1/1914), in Own E. I. V. Convoy (05/24/1915). centurion (03/23/1917), in the Terek Guards Division (05/01/1917). In the Terek uprising (1918), adjutant of the Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment (08.1918), commander of a hundred of the Kuban (02.1919), Terek (08.01.1919) Guards Divisions, captain (3.01.1920), commander of the Terek Guards Division and Guards hundreds, Fr. Lemnos. In exile, the commander of the Division L.-Gds. Kuban and Terek hundreds, colonel (1937), commander of the 3rd battalion of the 1st Cossack regiment (1941) in the Russian Corps. commander of the 5th (02/11/1944), Consolidated (10/26/1944) regiments, commander of the Russian Corps (04/30/1945), until 1972 commander of the Division of the Own E. I. V. Convoy, died in Lakewood (USA) on April 6 1972.

• Safonov Vasily Ilyich- pianist, teacher, conductor, musical and public figure. He graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory (1880), taught there (1880-85). In 1885-1905 he was professor (since 1889 also director) of the Moscow Conservatory. In 1889-1905 he was chief conductor of symphony concerts of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society. In 1906-09 he was conductor of the Philharmonic Orchestra and director of the National Conservatory in New York. Returning to Russia, he gave concerts mainly as an ensemble pianist (with L. S. Auer, K. Yu. Davydov, A. V. Verzhbilovich and others). The musical conductor was a promoter of Russian symphonic music (the first performer of a number of works by P. I. Tchaikovsky, A. K. Glazunov, and others) and introduced conducting without a baton into musical practice. Creator of one of the leading pre-revolutionary Russian piano schools; among his students - A. N. Skryabin, N. K. Medtner, E. A. Beckman-Shcherbina. S. is the author of a guide to piano playing " New formula» (1916).

• Bishop Job (Flegont Ivanovich Rogozhin)- was born in 1883 in the village of Chervlennaya. It belonged to an old family of Old Believers in Grebens. With modern times, some Old Believers became Orthodox. Flegon Rogozhin also belonged to the latter. In 1905, Phlegont, together with his brother Victor, graduated from the Ardon Theological Seminary, then entered the Kazan Theological Academy, where he received a Ph. While studying at the academy, he was tonsured a monk and then ordained a hieromonk. After graduating from the academy, Father Iov Rogozhin was appointed teacher at the Samara Theological Seminary. From November 22, 1911 - Assistant Superintendent of the Klevan Theological School of the Volyn Diocese. From August 27 to 1917 he was the superintendent of the Samara Theological School in the rank of archimandrite. On May 9, 1920, Father Job was consecrated bishop of Volsky, vicar of the Saratov diocese. In 1922 he governs the Saratov diocese. In July 1922, he was challenged for opposing the New Entrepreneurship, but he was soon released. From the autumn of 1922 to November 27, 1925, Vladyka Job was Bishop of Pyatigorsk and Prikumsk. Then he was appointed bishop of Ust-Medveditsky, vicar of the Don diocese. In the same year, he was arrested and sentenced to two years in concentration camps. In 1926-1927 he was imprisoned in the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. After his release from the camp, Vladyka Job became Bishop of Mstera and vicar of the diocese of Vladimir On February 17, 1930, the bishop was again arrested and on June 21, 1930, the “troika” of the OGPU of the USSR in the Ivanovo region was sentenced to 3 years of exile in the Far North for anti-Soviet activities and contact with relatives abroad . On April 20, 1933, Vladyko Job died in prison.

• Archimandrite Matthew (Mormyl)(in the world - Lev Vasilyevich Mormyl; March 5, 1938, Arkhonskaya village, Prigorodny district of North Ossetia - September 15, 2009, Trinity Sergius Lavra, Sergiev Posad) - Orthodox clergyman, spiritual composer, arranger, honored professor, candidate of theology, member of the Synodal Commission ROC for worship. For many years he carried the obediences of the senior choir director of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, the head of the combined choir of the Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra and the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary.

In culture

Life and customs of the Terek Cossacks are described in the story of L. N. Tolstoy "Cossacks". They appear as resolute people, mentally similar to representatives of the Caucasian peoples. The manners of the Tertsy are described in the following quotation:

Until now, the Cossack clans are considered to be related to the Chechen ones, and love for freedom, idleness, robbery and war is the main features of their character. Russia's influence is expressed only from an unfavorable side: constraint in elections, removal of bells and troops that stand and pass there. The Cossack, by inclination, hates the highlander horseman who killed his brother less than the soldier who stands by him to defend his village, but who smoked his hut with tobacco. He respects the highlander enemy, but despises the soldier who is alien to him and the oppressor. Actually, the Russian peasant for the Cossack is some kind of alien, wild and contemptible creature, whom he saw as an example in the visiting merchants and Little Russian settlers, whom the Cossacks contemptuously call Shapovals. Panache in dress consists in imitation of the Circassian. The best weapons are obtained from the mountaineer, the best horses are bought and stolen from them. The well done Cossack flaunts his knowledge of the Tatar language and, having taken a walk, even speaks Tatar with his brother. Despite the fact that this Christian people, thrown into a corner of the earth, surrounded by semi-savage Mohammedan tribes and soldiers, considers itself to be at a high level of development and recognizes only one Cossack as a person; looks at everything else with contempt.

Cossack Dictionary-Reference Wikipedia Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron More