home Heating radiators Warm greenhouse project. Heated traditional greenhouse and its innovative design

Warm greenhouse project. Heated traditional greenhouse and its innovative design

High-quality winter greenhouses are not only a building and a place where you can successfully grow vegetables and fruits, but also the status of a gardener, an indicator of his skill and a sign of the quality of a true gardener. But building a winter greenhouse is quite a complicated matter.

Construction of a greenhouse requires a deliberate approach, certain knowledge and skills. Below you will find ways to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands, classification of structures, drawings and photos.

To know how to build a winter greenhouse, you need to find out the distinguishing features of each type.

Greenhouses for winter cultivation differ in the following indicators:

Functionality. A winter greenhouse is a platform for planting not only vegetables, fruits, berries, flower beds and mushrooms, but also overseas plants, citrus fruits, grapes, etc. The choice of structure also depends on what the gardener intends to grow in a winter greenhouse.
Location relative to soil level. There are three types of heated winter greenhouse: a winter greenhouse in a garage or barn, a greenhouse below ground level and a greenhouse above ground level.
Design. A variety of winter greenhouse options have been developed here. The choice is wide: arched models, horizontal type, single-, double-, triple-sloped and combined. Types of designs for every taste. Here the choice completely depends on the taste preferences of the gardener, his financial capabilities and size personal plot and future design.
Building material. You can make a winter greenhouse with your own hands from polycarbonate, glass, with a brick or wood base, with PVC and a metal frame, etc. You can often find combined greenhouses for the winter.
Heating of the structure. Types of heating are also numerous. Heating of winter greenhouses can be carried out using biofuel, helium or technical devices: gas, electric, water, stove.
Vegetation planting technique. Sowing can be done in beds or in prepared hanging boxes.

Selection of territory

Choose the right location wisely and winter Garden- Very important stage. The installation location of the winter greenhouse structure depends on three factors:

Lighting. The winter garden must receive the optimal percentage of sunlight, only in this case the harvest will be good. Therefore, you need to correctly build the winter garden in length from east to west. This factor cannot be ignored, especially if the greenhouse is equipped with helium heating.
Accounting for prevailing winds. If the site is located in Siberia or in another area where strong cold winds prevail, then protection, a special screen, must be built. Thanks to proper design, it will be possible to significantly save on heating costs.
Convenient approach to the building. The place for the winter garden should not be cramped and uncomfortable; this will facilitate both construction and future operation.

If a decision is made to build a protective screen to protect against wind, then the device must be constructed so that the wall does not adjoin the greenhouse.

The distance should be at least 5-7 m. If this is neglected, the result will be a turbulence zone and the greenhouse will give off a large amount of heat in winter. Good protection is a fence 17-20 m from the greenhouse.

Manufacturing a gable structure

You can start making a good greenhouse for the winter, since you have received the necessary amount of advice and knowledge. This simple winter greenhouse project is characterized by versatility and is suitable for both the central territory and the climatic conditions of Siberia. Winter greenhouses, made with your own hands according to this drawing, provide the opportunity for the growth of not only vegetable gardens, but also horticultural crops.

Setting up this good greenhouse will not be cheap, but it is worth it. Such structures are reliable, safe and durable. What do large farm greenhouses look like? Do-it-yourself winter greenhouses of this type consist of two rooms - a vestibule and a greenhouse.

The vestibule room includes a heating boiler; equipment for watering, ventilation, and lighting can be installed there. The best option the size of the vestibule is 2-2.5 m. Among other things, the vestibule room is effectively used for placing gardening equipment and making soil mixtures.

The walls of the vestibule must be made of brick. Insulation can be made from foam plastic or mineral wool. The roof is made of opaque material. Roofing metal, corrugated sheeting or other reliable material is suitable.

Do-it-yourself winter greenhouses must have a partition, which can be made of glass on a metal-plastic or plastic profile; naturally, there must be a door.

If a deep-type greenhouse is being built in winter, then you need to select the soil in the pit according to the level of the freezing layer. Typically this depth is 90 cm.

The same rule should be used when the greenhouse is placed on a concrete base in winter. If the soil is loose, then the foundation should be poured to a depth of approximately 50 cm. The main walls are built in one brick. The wall must have a thickness of at least 25 cm.

Frames for future windows should be made 55 cm above the ground. The gaps between the frames are left at least 70 cm. This is about 2-3 bricks. This is done so that the plants can receive natural light.

Drive out the base up to 120 cm high.
Mount a frame made of metal, wood or a combination.
Cover the frame with polycarbonate sheets.

Builders recommend using polycarbonate, the thickness of which is 8-10 mm. The frames must have windows so that the greenhouse can be ventilated in winter. An alternative to vents can be the installation of ventilation valves.

A gable roof allows for free drainage of precipitation, rainwater, and snow. The tilt angle should be 25°. The strapping should be placed from below on the roofing paper. It is good to attach the ridge beam using paired rafters. The roof of the greenhouse is traditionally made of double-layer glass, the thickness of which is 4 mm. Glazing is carried out using spraters. We must not forget about installing gutters for condensate drainage.

Nowadays, cellular polycarbonate is often used as a coating. The material has proven to be reliable, durable and safe. Best materials for the roof - this is a strapping; it is advisable to use timber for the ridge and rafters.

When glazing, you need to lay the glass along the folds on putty. Natural elastic mixtures should be used as a sealing agent. The glass must be attached to the sprockets with a glazing bead on metal pins. The putty is applied to the surface between the glass and the bead.

To protect the walls, it is necessary to provide a zinc canopy, which is placed 8 cm from the walls. A gutter must be installed to drain condensate and water.

The choice of material must be treated extremely responsibly. The covering material must have important qualities: strength, reliability, environmental friendliness. Any material must comply with the norms and rules prescribed in special documents, have the ability to retain heat inside the greenhouse, transmit sunlight perfectly and not create a lens effect.

When choosing, you need to pay attention to the cost of materials. It is clear that a quality product cannot be too cheap. However, price is not always an indicator of quality. Before building, you need to take into account what should be drawn up detailed diagram with photo, drawing. Everything should be described and shown in detail, then there will be fewer questions about how to build a greenhouse in Siberia or another corner of Russia and the structure will be built successfully.

How to choose good heating

It is necessary to select heating depending on how much usable space the room occupies. The heating stove is perfect for a small winter greenhouse located in Siberia or another region of the country. If the building is large, you can choose one of the following heating options:

Water heating.
Electric heating.
Heating with biofuel.

Water heating - this is the use of a water heater, a special boiler, pipes or an expansion tank. The pipes must be placed either in the soil or under boxes with soil.

Cable can be compared to a “warm floor” device. Air heating of the greenhouse is carried out using special fans. IR heating is done using devices with infrared lamps.

The most economical heating option is biofuel heating. You can use manure, rotted bark, straw, sawdust. Biological fuel must be placed under a fertile layer of soil. Agronomists recommend paying attention to the pH level when choosing biofuel. It is optimal to take 6-7 pH for manure, 5 pH for bark and sawdust. Biofuel is also good because, in addition to heating, it additionally nourishes the soil and enriches it with useful microelements.

Drawings of winter greenhouses

System for blowing the interfilm space of a greenhouse (video)

An economical option for a winter greenhouse

The drawing on how to make a non-permanent winter greenhouse is simple and accessible. There is no need to despair if it is not possible to build a solid, expensive structure. By cheating and approaching the matter with ingenuity, you can make a good greenhouse without spending a lot of money.

If the future greenhouse is planned to be used for commercial purposes, and not just for growing vegetables and fruits for yourself, then you need to make a structure of at least 60 square meters in size. m.
If you follow this advice, the harvest will quickly recoup the money spent. Experts say that farm greenhouses for medium-sized businesses should be at least 100 square meters in size. m.

With a little preparation and gaining knowledge and skills, you can independently build a good, durable winter greenhouse that will delight you with a healthy harvest all year round.

Gallery: winter greenhouses (15 photos)

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Almost every gardener, even a non-professional, has a greenhouse on his property. Here he can grow seedlings or full-fledged vegetable crops. However, in the cold season this structure is useless. Therefore, many business owners, especially those who grow produce for sale, are thinking about how to build a greenhouse for winter growing.

Stages of construction of the structure

The presented structure can be erected with one’s own hands, and the work is not difficult. Before building a greenhouse for winter growing, you should understand the sequence of work:

1. Design. At this stage, you must decide on the location of the structure on the site, the organization of lighting and heating of the room, as well as the size of the structure and the shape of the roof. In addition, here you also need to draw the placement of the beds inside the greenhouse.

2. Selection of necessary materials.

3. Laying the foundation. Before you build a greenhouse for winter growing, you need to build a strong and stable foundation. The fact is that this design is permanent and will be repeatedly exposed to negative external factors.

4. Heating installation.

5. Construction of the frame.

6. Construction of the roof, cladding of the structure.

7. Lighting and irrigation equipment.

8. Delivery of soil.

How to choose the right location on the site?

Before you build a greenhouse for winter growing, you need to find a suitable place for it. It is best to build the structure on a small hillock. Here the snow melts fastest and the air warms up faster. In this case, you may not have to add additional soil to the beds.

Please note that the long sides of the greenhouse should be oriented from west to east. This arrangement makes it possible to provide optimal lighting for the structure.

What materials will be needed for the work?

Before you build a greenhouse for winter growing cucumbers or other vegetables, you need to figure out what material you will be lining the main structure with. So, the following may be suitable for constructing a frame:

Wooden beams. They are quite strong and easy to process. However, they are not very resistant to temperature changes and evaporation. The beams require additional treatment with antiseptic and fire-fighting substances. The durability of this design depends on the quality of the wood and its care.

Metal profiles or corners. This material is strong and durable. However, it will also have to be protected from corrosion.

Pipes. They are considered the most popular material for arranging a frame.

Before building a greenhouse for winter growing cucumbers, it is also advisable to understand what you will use to cover the frame:

Polyethylene film. This is the cheapest material, but it is not particularly durable. Under the influence of sunlight, wind and precipitation, it quickly loses its properties. In addition, the film will not provide the necessary thermal insulation properties. If you still decide to use polyethylene, then you will have to buy double material, the service life of which is at least 8 years.

Glass. It provides good lighting for plants and protects them from the vagaries of nature. In order to ensure maximum efficiency of this material, it is necessary to produce double glazing, and this will significantly increase the weight of the structure. In addition, you need to buy very durable and high-quality glass, and it cannot be cheap.

Cellular polycarbonate. This product is the most popular at the moment, as it has big amount pros.

Advantages of cellular polycarbonate

A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse (you can develop the projects yourself or find them ready-made) is built quite quickly. Recently, cellular polycarbonate has been increasingly used for frame cladding. It has the following advantages:

1. Good appearance.

2. High impact strength.

3. Easy to install and maintain.

4. Light weight.

5. Good ability to transmit and diffuse light.

6. Excellent sound and heat insulation qualities.

7. Easy to process (even when cold it cuts and bends well)

8. Resistance to negative external factors, UV rays.

9. Ability to withstand heavy loads.

10. Wide range of permitted temperatures: from -55 to +120 degrees.

11. Relatively low cost.

Product types

You can design and install a winter greenhouse yourself. Before this, you need to decide what type of structure you want to build:

Recessed. In this case, you will have to dig a fairly deep pit.

High.

Wall-mounted (it saves space on the site).

With foil walls. This option allows you to retain heat inside the greenhouse as much as possible.

The choice of design depends on the characteristics of your site, as well as personal preferences.

Features of foundation construction

If you want to grow seedlings, you can build winter greenhouses with your own hands. You will learn further how to build a winter greenhouse. The first stage of construction is pouring the foundation. It can be timber, brick, stone and strip. The last option is used most often. To build such a foundation, you need to perform the following steps:

1. First you need to mark the area and dig a trench. Its width is 30 cm and its depth is 70-80 cm.

2. A sand bed 20 cm thick is placed at the bottom. It should be compacted very well.

4. Collection of formwork. Naturally, the foundation must be strengthened with reinforcement. To do this, lay 2 rows of rods along the trench and connect them with crossbars.

After the solution has hardened, it is fashionable to insulate the foundation. For this you can use polystyrene foam. Next, you should begin building the frame. As you can see, a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse (review best technologies will help you choose the right project) is done without any problems. You just need to stock up necessary tool and materials.

Frame construction procedure

If you want to get a harvest several times a year, you can construct winter greenhouses with your own hands. You will learn further how to build a winter greenhouse from metal and polycarbonate.

Most often, corners, special profiles or pipes are used to arrange the frame. Naturally, you can also use wooden blocks, but they are not as durable. In order to build metal structure, you need to do the following:

Assemble the lower part of the structure directly on the foundation. It can be square or rectangular depending on the project. The base can be attached to the foundation using long bolts or anchors.

Installation of vertical racks. They can also be screwed, however, it is better to use welding machine(if you are using angles or pipes). Racks are mounted in each corner of the base.

Assembling a copy of the lower structure. This is done on the ground. Then the product is mounted on vertical posts.

Arrangement of roof racks.

The wooden frame is made in the same way. In this case, self-tapping screws are used to secure the racks.

Sheathing of the structure

Before you build a winter greenhouse with your own hands, you must decide on the sheathing material. Nowadays, cellular polycarbonate is considered the best. It's easy to attach.

First you need to measure the required length of the sheets. Next, place the fragment on one side against the posts and align it. This requires the use of a building level. Next, screw a self-tapping screw into one of the corners. Now another alignment is performed, after which the sheet is finally fixed.

After completing the sheathing, all joints should be sealed from the inside of the room. This will prevent cold air from entering the structure.

Heating selection

In the cold season you need How to make a heated winter greenhouse, you will now learn. So, there are several heating options:

1. Biological. It works by releasing heat as plant waste rots. That is, this method allows you to make the beds warm from the inside. To arrange such heating in the designated places, dig trenches, the depth and width of which is half a meter. Place tree branches, bark, broken slate and other debris that is characterized by slow rotting at its bottom. Next, add a small layer of soil and organic matter. After this, a small layer of fertile soil is laid.

2. Laying pipes and radiators that will be connected to common system heating. Here you need to try not to worsen the efficiency of the general building structure.

3. In this case, you will have to install a regular potbelly stove, which can be heated with wood. Naturally, the smoke must be vented outside. This method is not the most optimal, since you will have to constantly add fuel. Although this problem can be solved by long-burning boilers.

4. Infrared films. They can be perfectly used not only inside the house, but also in greenhouses.

Lighting and watering

Since in winter time Since plants require additional lighting for normal growth, it is better to use ordinary fluorescent lamps for its arrangement. They are economical and provide the required amount of light.

If you want to provide individual lighting for each group of plants, then use They provide photosynthetic irradiation, that is, they act in the same way as Sun rays. On cloudy or short days use artificial lighting Necessarily.

As for watering, you can set automatic system, which is sold at a hardware store. It must be installed at the stage of designing the location of the beds and constructing the frame.

A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse (you have already looked at the structure and heating of the structure) must be made wisely. To make it as effective as possible, use these tips:

Before entering the greenhouse, arrange a small heated vestibule so that cold air cannot suddenly rush into the main room.

The design must have ventilation windows. Their total size must be at least 1/4 of the entire roof area.

It is better to make the roof in the form of an arch.

The motivation for building a heated greenhouse varies. She is needed for year-round cultivation vegetables And also to extend the cutting period garden plants and successful wintering of young seedlings. The purpose for which a winter greenhouse is built directly affects the method of its heating, the degree of illumination and a whole range of other things. technical characteristics. In this article we will look at how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands using the example of a polycarbonate structure. We will also consider in detail the methods of heating it.

Types of winter greenhouse heating

Before you build a winter greenhouse with heating, you need to calculate how long a certain temperature should remain there. If the greenhouse is used for growing mother plants and their further cuttings in January-February, then it is enough to bring the temperature in the greenhouse to +10 ºС. To grow vegetables, you will need at least +20 ºС. Based on this, it is worth choosing the most cost-effective heating method. Let's look at a few basic options.

Advice: if you need to increase the temperature only in early spring, when there are no severe frosts, then the “old-fashioned” method will do. Fresh manure, pure or mixed with sawdust, is placed under a 20 cm layer of soil. Warm water is poured over the soil from above and covered with a film. When rotting, the temperature of the manure rises to 60 ºС. This process lasts 4-6 months. and warms the ground and the air above it quite well.

Electric method of heating a winter greenhouse

Since electricity is one of the most expensive heating methods, it is only suitable for small greenhouses that have high tightness and, preferably, thermal insulation of the foundation.

The most popular electric heating systems

Heat gun. It consists of a heating element and a fan. Efficiency depends on the power of the device. The greenhouse heats up very quickly, and thanks to the fan, warm air is distributed evenly. But it is worth considering that the air coming out is very hot and it must be placed away from the plants.
Electric convector. The air in the greenhouse will heat up more slowly, but oxygen will be retained. It will be more comfortable to work in such a room. Air enters it from below and, when heated, exits from the upper section. Therefore, when growing plants, it is recommended not to set it very high. The disadvantage is high energy consumption. Pays for itself only in commercial greenhouses.

Fan heater. These inexpensive household heaters are perfect for small greenhouses. It is approximately enough to heat one greenhouse measuring 3x6 m. The flow of warm air is more narrowly directed, unlike a convector. But thanks to its mobility, it can be placed in any place and rearranged if necessary.

Advice: when using these electrical appliances, you must remember that if there is insufficient power or a small number of them, the heating of all the air in the greenhouse may be uneven, which will greatly affect plant growth. In addition, by warming the air, they have virtually no effect on the ground temperature.

Warm floor system in a winter greenhouse

Even heating from below is the best way to maintain uniform soil and air temperatures in the greenhouse. In addition, such a system can be equipped with an air temperature sensor. Which will help automatically maintain the set temperature. It is not difficult to organize a warm floor in a greenhouse.
First, a layer of soil is removed to a depth of 30-40 cm. Non-woven geotextile material (lutrasil, spunbond, etc.) is laid on the bottom and a layer of sand 10 cm is poured. Leveled and compacted.

Advice: if there is a risk that moles can damage the floor, then lay a protective mesh as the first layer, even before the geotextile.

Then the insulation is placed. It is best to use moisture-resistant boards. For example, penoplex (it is better not to use polystyrene foam, mice spoil it).
Next is a layer of waterproofing. The cheapest is plastic film. And there is a chain-link mesh on it.
On top there is again a layer of sand of 5 cm. It must be carefully leveled and compacted. A waterproof cable is laid out on it. It is positioned serpentinely with a distance of 15 cm.
5 cm of sand is poured on top and a chain-link mesh is placed. All that remains is to pour in fertile soil.

Stove method of heating a winter greenhouse

Almost all summer residents have the incomparable stove “potbelly stove”. This inexpensive way to warm up a room is often used in greenhouses. With relatively inexpensive fuel, it warms up and maintains the temperature in the greenhouse for a long time, even in winter, up to 20 ° C.

Advice: old and modern stoves are heated with wood, scrap wood from pallets, and even shavings. The last 2 types of fuel are offered in abundance free of charge in any city. And in addition to heat, the output is wood ash - a storehouse of microelements for plants.

The disadvantages include the following:

heating will always be uneven. The stove will be much hotter. In this case, no air exchange will occur. Therefore, either it is placed at a distance from the plants, or a fan is installed next to it;
open fire is used - and this is a fire hazard. It is required to follow safety precautions and not place fire-hazardous objects nearby;
you have to constantly add fuel, which means you have to constantly be near the greenhouse.

Tip: stove heating is also suitable for heating the soil. To do this, pipes from the stove are laid underground. Passing through them, warm air heats the soil and, rising upward, heats the air.

Water heating for a winter greenhouse

Water heating of a greenhouse can be done natural or forced:

natural- when water is heated in the boiler, its volume expands. And it independently flows through the pipes to the radiators. The pipes are installed at an angle;
forced- the system contains a pump that circulates heated water cyclically;
but the greatest effect when heating a greenhouse in winter can be achieved by installing dual circuit system. In this case, one circuit is the pipes of a warm water floor, which are placed under the soil, and the second circuit is radiators for heating the air. This significantly accelerates the growth of plants, creating a favorable microclimate for them, when it is warm both at the roots and under the roof of the greenhouse. In addition, by equipping the system with a thermostat, the temperature will be maintained automatically.

Infrared heating of a winter greenhouse

This heating method has several advantages:

heating of the air begins very quickly, almost immediately, at the moment of switching on;
you can purposefully warm up a certain area with plants;
works silently;
has a large selection of fastening methods;
No oxygen is burned during operation. And the absence of a fan eliminates the formation of dust, which has a detrimental effect on the plant, when settling on the leaves;
the air does not dry out and high humidity remains in the greenhouse. Which, in turn, creates a favorable microclimate for planting;
The presence of thermostats will make it easy to select the desired temperature;
due to the fact that IR heaters do not have mechanical moving elements, the service life without repair is very long, even with round-the-clock use;
their compactness makes them convenient for use even in small greenhouses or greenhouses;
IR heaters belong to the fireproof class of equipment.

What difficulties will you encounter when choosing this method of heating a winter greenhouse:

the initial installation of IR heaters will be quite expensive;
a large number of fakes famous brands equipment, so being tempted by more low price, there is a risk of rapid breakdown of the device;
it is important to accurately calculate the required amount heating elements, based on their power, room volume and possible heat loss.

Where is the best place to place an IR heater in a greenhouse? To a large extent, this depends on individual conditions: the size of the greenhouse, the power of the equipment and the range of heating with infrared rays. But there are a number of universal requirements:

the most successful placement is above the plantings;
The minimum distance from the lamp to the plantings is 1 m. In order to maintain this distance as it grows, it is recommended to mount it on hangers;
or use weaker heaters permanently mounted under the roof of the greenhouse. The temperature near the ground will be slightly lower, but a larger planting area will be heated;
for a standard country greenhouse, it is recommended to install these heaters with a minimum pitch of 50 cm. For a 6x3 m greenhouse, 2-3 devices are enough;
if you need to heat large area, then it is more rational to arrange them in a checkerboard pattern to exclude cold zones.

What to look for when choosing an IR heater for a winter greenhouse:

In pursuit of large harvests, summer residents sometimes use industrial IR heaters in their small greenhouses. They emit short waves that guarantee accelerated plant growth. But you should know that they will negatively affect your health. Therefore, before purchasing a heater, you need to pay attention to the scope of its use;
Even for commercial heating of a greenhouse, you should not choose electric IR emitters. Electricity consumption will be extremely costly and economically unprofitable;
Ceiling-mounted IR heaters are typically designed for tall production greenhouses. For household purposes, they sell devices on tripods or with wall mounting;
on average, one industrial heater is capable of heating a greenhouse with an area of up to 80-100 m², and a household heater up to 15-20 m².

Do-it-yourself winter greenhouse with heating

Let's look at how to build a winter greenhouse from modern material - polycarbonate

DIY foundation for a winter greenhouse

An important aspect of construction is the creation of an energy-efficient space, without cracks and cold bridges. Therefore, it is recommended to build a foundation. But before you fill it, you should lay all the necessary communications (electricity, water supply, etc.)
It can be columnar or on stilts. But in this case it will be necessary to sheathe it and additionally insulate it. It's better to do strip foundation. A trench 15-20 cm wide and 50 cm deep is dug for it. A 5 cm sand cushion is poured onto the bottom and formwork is installed.

Placed in formwork waterproofing material, place the reinforcement cage. All that remains is to fill it with concrete.
It is advisable to pour concrete only up to ground level, and then lay it out with moisture-resistant red brick. If you pour the solution higher, you must remember that the concrete will have to be waterproofed and covered from the outside and inside. If this is not done, the moisture that gets into its pores freezes and expands in winter, which leads to microcracks and further destruction.
If the base is made of brick, then to reduce the cost of construction you can use used brick, the main thing is to choose red - it is more moisture resistant.

DIY frame for a winter greenhouse

The frame can be ordered ready-made from metal arches. Or cook it yourself, then the greenhouse will be with gable roof. If you don’t have welding skills, but want to build it as cheaply as possible, then the frame is made of wood.
Since the greenhouse will have high humidity all year round, the boards for the frame need to be prepared. They are cleaned with a grinder or sandpaper. After this, they are coated with special antiseptic impregnations. Additionally, it can be treated with liquid waterproofing, for example, a primer.
They begin to assemble the frame from the bottom trim. To do this, a beam with a section of 10x10 cm is placed along the perimeter of the foundation.
The pitch between the vertical beams depends on the snow cover in the region. If there is a lot of snow, then the step between the posts should not exceed 60 cm. Placing them more often is also not rational, the light transmittance will decrease, and the price of the building will increase.
A frame is also made of a bar with a cross-section of 5x5 cm on top of the wall studs. The rafters are attached to it using metal corners. Every 2 m, it is advisable to strengthen the roof with a horizontal beam, which is attached to the top trim between the roof slopes.

Tip: to make the winter greenhouse as energy efficient as possible, place a small vestibule with an additional polycarbonate door at the entrance.

Polycarbonate is attached externally, the thickness is chosen 8 or 10 mm. Fix it with self-tapping screws with a rubber gasket.

How to build a winter greenhouse with heating video

Do-it-yourself greenhouse heating system installation

Let's look at the example of water heating.

Helpful Tips:

the stove is placed in the greenhouse itself, since it will also radiate heat;
For fire safety, the stove should be installed on a non-combustible base. If the heating will be provided by a portable stove-stove, then a flat metal sheet is sufficient. If the stove is built as a stationary brick stove, then a concrete base is poured under it;
in a winter greenhouse, ventilation in the form of a window must be provided;
all pipes that will lead directly from the stove to the heating system must be made of metal. The use of PVC pipes is allowed only at a distance of 1 m from the heater;

For water circulation, install an expansion barrel as high as possible.

Stages of work

For proper heating In a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to ensure that the soil is warmed up. For this purpose, high-strength water heating pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are used.

Advice: it is better to invest at the initial stage and equip the heating system with an automatic control unit. This will allow you to change the temperature depending on the degree of plant development.

For efficiency, heating pipes in the ground should be insulated from below so that all the heat goes only upward. In place of future beds, a layer is removed fertile soil. A protective mesh against moles is placed on the bottom, and a film is placed on top of it to retain sand.
A 5-10 cm layer of sand is poured onto the film and the heating pipes are laid in a serpentine pattern with a pitch of at least 30 cm.
In order for the soil to warm up evenly, the pipes are covered with a 5-10 cm layer of sand. A fertile layer of soil is poured on top.

Heating a winter greenhouse with warm smoke

A standard potbelly stove can heat a greenhouse area of 10-15 m2. It should be located away from the walls of the greenhouse. So, if they are made of metal and glass, then they retreat 30 cm, if they are made of polycarbonate, then at least 60-70 cm.
Both old and modern stove models consist of the same structural elements: firebox, chimney and pipe. The fuel is thrown into the firebox, where, when burned, it releases heat, or rather warm smoke. It, passing through a pipe inside the greenhouse, heats the room and exits into the chimney outside.
They start with the foundation for the stove. This will protect it from sinking into the ground and possibly falling. A pit with a depth of 40-50 cm is dug under it. Its dimensions depend on the stove and on whether it will be lined with brick in the future.

Then a sand cushion and a drainage layer are poured at the same time. A mixture of crushed stone and sand is placed on the bottom, in a layer of 20 cm. You can also add fragments of bricks there.
From wooden planks construct a blind area. To prevent it from warping when pouring, the gap between the foundation pit and the boards is filled with sand. They put it inside fiberglass reinforcement and filled with concrete. A film or roofing felt is placed on top and left to harden for 2-4 days.
If it is necessary to raise the foundation, then they build directly on top of the foundation brickwork onto a clay-sand mortar (cement mortar may crack). During work, you must constantly use a plumb line and level so that the site is in an absolutely flat horizontal plane.
If it is possible to make fire-resistant walls around the stove, then it is better to take the combustion hole outside so that it can be heated from the street. This will reduce energy costs (no need to constantly open and close the greenhouse doors) and will avoid smoke inside the room.
To reduce the cost of construction, you can make a simple potbelly stove with your own hands. To do this, choose the simplest shape - rectangular. To heat a winter greenhouse measuring 15 m2, it is enough to make a stove measuring 50/30/40 cm (l/w/h).

First, they make a drawing of the future stove and transfer it to a heat-resistant sheet metal. The elements are cut out with a grinder. First of all, the bottom of the firebox and 3 walls are welded. Having retreated 10 cm from the bottom, metal corners are welded, the grille will be placed on them (you need to buy it in advance in the store or make it yourself). Cell size 2-3 cm2. In the future, the fuel will be placed on the grate and during combustion the ash will fall down, where it is convenient to clean it out.
Traditionally, the chimney is made from above, so before welding the lid, a 12-15 cm hole is made in it. But if the ground is supposed to be heated, then the chimney is placed on the side or below.
On the front wall of the future stove, make 2 holes with doors (the doors can be bought ready-made or made from a sheet of metal and attached to heat-resistant hinges). Fuel is loaded through one, and ash is cleaned through the second.
A small piece of pipe is welded to the hole on top. In the future, the chimney will be attached to it.
The stove for heating a winter greenhouse can be lined with brick, which will reduce the risk of fire and also increase the period of heat transfer. Which is especially true for winter nights. If this is not done, supports are welded to the structure.
If the greenhouse is small, then, as a rule, they make one chimney pipe that runs through the entire greenhouse and goes outside under the ridge. If you need to heat a large room and heat it from below, then the chimney is assembled from pipes of equal diameter using welding or special coupling adapters. Welding allows for absolute tightness. And when using couplings, clay is applied to all joints underneath them. The chimney is connected to the stove using any of these two methods.

Advice: when using a stove in a winter greenhouse, you need to properly lay out the chimney pipe system. For them, trenches of 30-40 cm are dug in the beds, in increments of 50-100 cm. Non-woven material is laid down, then pipes are placed and covered with expanded clay. A fertile layer is poured on top.

When heating air, supports are made for the chimney so that it rises smoothly and at the outlet is higher than the level of the stove. This will ensure even heating and traction at the same time.

A chimney is welded to the end of the chimney, through which the smoke will escape from the greenhouse to the street. The pipe is wrapped with foil insulating material so that it does not heat the roof elements. The end of the pipe is protected with a spark arrester.
Stove heating dries out the air greatly. This is bad for plants in a greenhouse. Therefore, a metal container for water is often placed next to the stove. It will provide irrigation with warm water and, by evaporating, increase air humidity.

If the question arises of how to build a greenhouse for winter growing, then you need to start from the average temperature. If any of the above methods is suitable for the southern regions, then for the middle zone and northern regions You will need to install a gas or electric system.

Almost every gardener, even a non-professional, has a greenhouse on his property. Here the gardener can grow seedlings or full-fledged vegetable crops. But in the cold season, such a culture room will definitely not save you. That is why many gardeners, especially those who grow crops for subsequent sale, are thinking about creating a winter greenhouse.

Features of greenhouses and their types

Greenhouses can be different: capital and seasonal, large and small, home-made and factory-made. The main goal for its creation is to obtain environmentally friendly vegetables and fruits as early as possible, and of the best quality possible.

Currently there are many greenhouses different designs. It is very difficult for a beginner to decide what to choose and where to start construction, how to calculate the area of the greenhouse in order to get the planned harvest, whether it is necessary to create a foundation and what kind, how to carry out heating, and also which roof is best to install.

Main types of premises

Winter greenhouses differ from each other in many ways. For example:

You can also distinguish buildings by architectural features. All designs are divided into:

Whatever the configuration, you need to remember that a greenhouse in winter is a good structure with additional lighting and heating. It must be said that its construction costs quite a lot. On the other hand, having spent your efforts and money once, you will enjoy delicious and delicious food for many years. quality products throughout the year, not just in summer.

The result of your work will directly depend not on the weather and soil on the site, but only on your efforts and skills.

Disadvantages and advantages of the structure

The thermos greenhouse is especially popular among domestic gardeners, primarily because it helps to obtain a high-quality harvest while minimizing maintenance costs (heating and lighting inside). The greenhouse received its name because it is a structure that is completely isolated not only from the weather outside, but also from the cool soil.

Main advantages:

The greenhouse also has its disadvantages. Main disadvantages:

difficulty in construction and high financial costs;
To do this, you need to have at least basic abilities and understanding of the heating system, communication lines and ventilation.

It should also be noted that this design has many more advantages than disadvantages, so today this option is considered the best for all-season growing of vegetables, fruits, and herbs, not only for the family, but also for sale.

Selecting a site for construction

When choosing a place to create a greenhouse, you must first of all take into account three features. These include:

If to protect against strong wind If you decide to create an additional fence or hedge from a plant, you must take into account that the fence should not be located too close to the building. For example, with a greenhouse ridge height of 2.5 meters, the distance from the fence to the building should not be less than 7-8 meters.

This is due to the fact that the wind flow, having encountered an obstacle, most often rises and simply goes around the fence. This means that as a result you will get an area of turbulence that will constantly take away heat from the structure. The narrower the total distance from the building and the fence, the stronger the turbulence. The best option to protect the building there will be a hedge 15-20 meters from the greenhouse.

What material to use

Before you start building a winter greenhouse, you need to decide on the material for the covering and frame. A capital winter greenhouse with your own hands should be more durable, so when choosing material for the frame, you can limit yourself to scrap metal or wood. It is prohibited to use bars and profiles that cannot even support their own weight. Vertically, the supports and beams of the roof must be with a reserve, and also withstand snow masses.

If we talk about what is better to choose, wood or metal, then there is nothing complicated here. Metal lasts longer, but wood is easy to work with and can be quickly repaired. The main thing is that wood does not heat up in hot weather. The microclimate inside a wooden greenhouse is preserved much better than in a metal structure.

It is allowed to use film to cover a winter greenhouse, but it will have to be changed quite often. And although it costs less, it will require 2-3 times more than for a simple greenhouse. Eternal glass also has its disadvantages: heavy weight, increased fragility.

Start of construction

Everything is clear with the differences between winter buildings and their main features. Next comes the process of building the premises. It is quite obvious that construction begins with planning and drafting. Before you start building the main frame, laying the foundation and doing other work on your own, you need to have a clear idea of what needs to be done. Modern technologies They help to significantly simplify the construction process itself, but without drawing up the correct drawings it’s still impossible. To better understand how to build a winter greenhouse in which the soil will constantly warm up, you need to study the main stages of construction:

Building construction technology

A do-it-yourself winter greenhouse is a fairly pressing issue for those who want to eat fresh vegetables even in winter. If you approach this process consciously, study all the existing projects, the building materials from which the greenhouse is built, then you can build it yourself, without turning to professionals for help.

The frame of greenhouses is most often created from wooden beam or a metal profile, although it is also allowed to use for this metal pipes or plastic profile. Metal is considered more durable and strong, but wood provides a good microclimate and makes construction much easier with it. Before you accurately decide on the material, it is best to know what crop the greenhouse is being created for. Cucumbers, for example, require high humidity, which reduces the use time of the wooden frame.

For walls and roofs, a special film, glass or polycarbonate is used. Considering low temperatures outside, the pressure of snow, which falls a lot in winter, then with the film there are more difficulties than savings. Glass will be used well in any weather, but its weight, increased under the pressure of the snow mass, must also be taken into account when creating the frame to prevent snow cover.

Transparent and lightweight multilayer polycarbonate has also proven itself well; it should be taken with a thickness of 10-16 millimeters. When choosing polycarbonate, you must remember that if its thickness is 10 millimeters, you need to take sheets with a width of no more than 105 centimeters, and if 16 millimeters, then no wider than 140 centimeters, thereby ensuring normal structural strength.

Mandatory a solid foundation is being built for the winter greenhouse, then they create a frame. Upon completion of construction, a heating system is installed. If you create a lean-to greenhouse, which will be adjacent to country house, then its heating can be created as a continuation of the heating system.

To calculate the amount of heat, you need to find the total difference between the thermal conductivity index and the glazing area. The difference between heating a room and a greenhouse is significant - in a greenhouse it is important not only to set the optimal air temperature, but also the soil temperature. Polycarbonate greenhouses running on biofuel are considered very reliable. When choosing a heating device, aluminum convectors are most often used; it is believed that they can distribute heat evenly throughout the greenhouse.

At the bottom of the pit you need to lay layers of sand, and then turf soil (or simple turf laid with stones up), then humus. After laying all the main parts of the heat accumulator and installing pipes for the ventilation system, you need to lay down a polyvinyl chloride film so that the soil does not interfere with work. You need to make special holes in the film for pipes, and attach it to the walls using a construction stapler. After this, a fertile layer of soil for the beds, as well as an infertile one, is poured into the greenhouse, which can then be covered with tiles for the paths.

Many gardeners dream of a greenhouse that will function even in winter. After all, growing and harvesting greens, berries and enjoying the beauty of flowers is pleasant and useful. But building a winter version is expensive. There is a way out! Make a winter greenhouse with your own hands!

Most energy efficient design

Great solution is a "thermos". She is endowed with a huge number of positive qualities. The main thing is significant savings and heat conservation.

It operates 12 months a year. It is not afraid of frosts and northern winds, and is capable of supplying not only food, but also becoming a source of income. She has the following positive qualities:

Fresh vegetables will delight you all year round.
Works in any climate.
Excellently transmits sunlight, distributing it evenly over the entire area.
When high-quality insulation is used in construction, the sun's energy is converted into heat and can be retained for a fairly long period of time.
Savings on utility bills.
Thanks to its design, you can grow vegetables, perennials and exotic fruits, grape bushes.

Important!

“Thermos” - almost everything is in the ground, but there is no shortage of lighting in it. Thanks to huge window openings There is always a lot of light inside.

Energy saving materials

To preserve heat in the thermos design, the following materials are used:

foil with a reflective surface;
natural wood;
polycarbonate sheets;
expanded polystyrene.

A metal or wooden frame is used for the main structure. When building a greenhouse of this type, gardeners use gable or model ones. In order for the lighting to be excellent, it is necessary to make the northern wing of the roof higher than the southern one.

More detailed description materials in the table.

Construction Materials	General characteristics
Wooden slats, metal profiles	For the construction of a roof frame. It is easier to make a frame from slats than from a profile. When using a metal profile, you will need to weld the elements together. But unlike wood, the strength is much higher.
Expanded polystyrene, mineral wool	The thermos is insulated with these materials. Here only you can decide which material is best to use.
Sand, cement, crushed stone, metal reinforcement	For the construction of greenhouse foundations and walls
Thermal blocks	They are light weight and have a cavity inside. They retain heat excellently. Concrete is poured into the void. They act as formwork. They are used to build walls.
Film with reflective light and thermal insulation effect	Helps increase light intake and additionally protects against heat loss.
Polycarbonate	Covering material.
Fastening materials	Nails, screws, washers and bolts.

Thermos project - greenhouses

When building this greenhouse with your own hands, you need to go through several stages step by step.

Perform preliminary design. That is, they draw up a drawing and design of a winter greenhouse with their own hands. They calculate how many building materials and fittings will be needed for its construction.
Construction of a pit, which must be at least two meters deep. At the same time, its bottom and walls are leveled. Afterwards the foundation is poured. For this purpose, concrete or concrete blocks. This stage is considered very important, since it is the foundation that is responsible for the thermal insulation of the greenhouse. In order to pour concrete, it is necessary to install wooden formwork.
Construction of walls from thermal blocks. The load-bearing part is reinforced concrete. An expanded polystyrene layer and thermal insulation blocks are placed inside. Fixing with each other occurs with cement mortar.

Greenhouse insulation

The main thing in the construction of a winter greenhouse with heating is to follow the sequence. We have already talked about the construction of a pit and the construction of a foundation and walls. Now let's move on to more complex processes.

Insulation

The main thing is to install a thermal insulation film on the walls inside. If the climate in your region is particularly harsh, then you can use foil thermal film. Laying is done in 2 layers.

Installation of heating equipment

An excellent solution to fully heating a greenhouse would be to install a “warm floors” system. It can be installed directly into the ground, but in order to avoid damage it is poured and reinforced. Warm soil is not enough for good plant growth.

The best heating system

To create the optimal temperature regime For plant growth, it is necessary not only to heat the soil, but also the air inside the greenhouse. When choosing a heating system, pay attention to:

What size is the greenhouse?
How much money can you spend?
Regional climate.
Growth conditions.

For heating a winter greenhouse “thermos”, a stove is an excellent option. An ordinary “potbelly stove” is used as a heating device. It is very simple to construct it with your own hands. For this you will need:

metal sheets made of heat-resistant material;
cast iron, steel and ceramic pipes of equal diameter;
metal rods and corners;
plumb line with tape measure;
slicing device metal products;
welding machine;
bolts, couplings;
calcined brick;
limestone or clay solution.