How to choose a gas boiler: choose a boiler according to the criteria for heating a private home. We make the correct calculation of the power of a gas heating boiler. Select the power of the heating boiler.

From the author: We welcome you, dear readers! In private houses with autonomous heating, it is important to maintain a stable temperature in the living areas. To solve this problem, the heating boiler must produce a certain amount of thermal energy, which will be sufficient to replenish the heat lost through doors and windows.

In addition, it is worth providing a power reserve in case of abnormally low temperatures or an expected increase in the area of ​​a private house. How to calculate the power of a heating boiler? You will learn about this in this material.

The first step to determine boiler performance is to calculate the heat loss of the building as a whole or an individual room. This calculation, called thermal engineering, is considered one of the most labor-intensive in the industry, because it requires taking into account many different indicators.

You will learn more about this by watching the video on calculating heat loss.

What factors influence the “leakage” of heat? First of all, these are the materials that were used in the construction of the building. It is important to take into account everything: foundation, walls, floor, attic, ceilings, doorways and windows. In addition, the type of system wiring and the presence of heated floors in the house are considered.

Often, household appliances that generate heat during operation are also taken into account. However, such a detailed approach is not always necessary. There are many methods that allow you to calculate the required performance of a gas boiler without diving deeply into the topic.

Calculation taking into account the area of ​​the room

To understand the approximate performance of a heating unit, it is important to take into account such an indicator as the area of ​​the room. Of course, this data will not be entirely accurate, since you are not considering the height of the ceilings. For example, in central Russia, 1 kW can heat 10 square meters. meters of area. That is, if your home has an area of ​​160 square meters. meters, then the power of the heating boiler must be at least 16 kW.

How to include information about ceiling height or climate in this formula? This has already been taken care of by specialists who have empirically derived coefficients that allow certain adjustments to be made to the calculations.

So, the above norm is 1 kW per 10 sq. meters - implies a ceiling height of 2.7 meters. For higher ceilings, it will be necessary to calculate the correction factor and recalculate. To do this, the ceiling height must be divided by the standard 2.7 meters.

We propose to consider a specific example: the ceiling height is 3.2 meters. The calculation of the coefficient looks like this: 3.2/2.7=1.18. This figure can be rounded to 1.2. How to use the resulting figure? Let us remind you that for heating a room of 160 sq. meters you need 16 kW of power. This indicator must be multiplied by a factor of 1.2. The result is 19.2 kW (rounded to 20 kW).

• in the northern regions 1.5–2.0;
• in the Moscow region 1.2–1.5;
• in the middle zone 1.0–1.2;
• in the south 0.7–0.9.

How it works? If your house is located south of Moscow (in the middle zone), then you need to use a coefficient of 1.2 (20 kW * 1.2 = 24 kW). For residents of the southern regions - for example, the Stavropol Territory - a coefficient of 0.8 is taken. Thus, heating costs become more modest (20 kW * 0.8 = 16 kW).

However, that's not all. The above values ​​can be considered correct if it is factory installed or will work exclusively for heating. Let's assume that you want to assign water heating functions to it. Then we add another 20% to the final figure. Take care of power reserves for peak temperatures in severe frosts, and this is another 10%.

You will be surprised by the results of these calculations. Let's give specific examples.

A house in central Russia with heating and hot water will require 28.8 kW (24 kW + 20%). In cold weather, another 10% of power is added 28.8 kW + 10% = 31.68 kW (rounded to 32 kW). As you can see, this last figure is 2 times higher than the original one.

Calculations for a house in the Stavropol region will be slightly different. If you add the power for water heating to the above indicators, you will get 19.2 kW (16 kW + 20%). And another 10% “reserve” for cold will give you a figure of 21.12 kW (19.2+10%). Round up to 22 kW. The difference is not so great, but, nevertheless, these indicators must be taken into account.

As you can see, when calculating the power of a heating boiler, it is very important to take into account at least one additional indicator. Please note that the formula regarding heating for an apartment and the same for a private house are different from each other. In principle, when calculating this indicator for an apartment, you can follow the same path, taking into account the coefficients that reflect each factor. However, there is an easier and faster way that will allow you to make adjustments in one go.

Calculating the power of a heating boiler for a private house and apartment will look slightly different. The coefficient for houses is 1.5. It allows you to take into account heat loss through the floor, foundation and roof. This number can be used for average wall insulation: masonry with 2 bricks, or walls made of similar materials.

For apartments this figure will be different. If there is a heated room above your apartment, then the coefficient is 0.7, if you live on the top floor, but with a heated attic - 0.9, with an unheated attic - 1.0. How to apply this information? The boiler power, which you calculated using the above formula, must be adjusted using these coefficients. This way you will receive reliable information.

Before us are the parameters of an apartment located in a city in central Russia. To calculate the volume of the boiler, we need to know the area of ​​the apartment (65 square meters) and the height of the ceilings (3 meters).

First step: determining the power by area - 65 m2/10 m2 = 6.5 kW.

Second step: correction for the region - 6.5 kW * 1.2 = 7.8 kW.

Third step: the gas boiler will be used to heat water (add 25%) 7.8 kW * 1.25 = 9.75 kW.

Fourth step: adjustment for extreme cold (add 10%) - 7.95 kW*1.1=10.725 kW.

The result must be rounded, and the result will be 11 kW.

To summarize, we note that these calculations will be equally correct for any heating boilers, regardless of what type of fuel you use. Exactly the same data is relevant for an electric heating device, a gas boiler, and one that runs on liquid energy. The most important thing is the efficiency and performance of the device. Heat loss does not depend on its type.

If you are interested in how to spend less coolant, then you should pay attention to insulating your living space.

Capacities according to SNiPs

When calculating the power of a heating boiler for an apartment, be guided by SNiP standards. This method is also called “power by volume calculation”. SNiP shows the amount of heat required to heat one cubic meter of air in typical buildings, namely: to warm up 1 cubic meter. meter in a panel house, it will take 41 W, and in a brick house - 34 W.

If you know the height of the ceiling and the area of ​​the apartment, you can calculate the volume. And then this figure is multiplied by the above norm and the required boiler power is obtained, regardless of the type of fuel - this rule also works for heating in an apartment.

We suggest you carry out calculations and find out the boiler power for an apartment of 74 square meters. meters with ceilings 2.7 meters high, which is located in a brick house.

First step: calculate the volume - 74 m 2 * 2.7 m = 199.8 cubic meters. meters.

Let's assume that we need to calculate the same indicator for an apartment located in. Then the formula will look like this: 199.8*41 W=8191 W. As you have already noticed, all heat engineering indicators are rounded up, but in this case, if we take into account the presence of good metal-plastic windows, the power can be calculated as 8 kW.

This is not the final number. Next, you need to take into account such indicators as the region of residence and the need to heat the water using a boiler. A 10% adjustment for abnormal cold in winter will be no less relevant. However, in apartments, unlike houses, indicators such as the location of rooms and the number of floors are very important. It is important to take into account how many walls in the apartment are external. If there is only one outer wall, then the coefficient is 1.1, if there are two - 1.2, if there are three - 1.3.

Thanks to the calculations, you will receive the final value of the power of the heating device when you take into account all the above-mentioned indicators. If you want to get a reliable thermal calculation, experienced specialists recommend contacting specialized organizations that specialize in this.

Application of modern technologies

In conclusion, let's talk about innovative methods for calculating boiler power, which take into account not only the heating area, but also other important data. We are talking about using a thermal imager. It will show in which places in the apartment the most intense heat loss occurs. This method has the added benefit of improving the insulation of your home.

It is no less effective and convenient to make calculations using a specialized calculator program. It will calculate the indicator for you - the user only needs to enter the numbers for the apartment or house. True, it is not entirely clear how accurate the algorithm underlying the program is. In any case, experts recommend recalculating the indicators manually using the formulas discussed in this material.

All the best and see you again!

The efficiency of a heating boiler depends on its power in relation to the area it must heat. Therefore, the purchase of this device should occur only after a thorough calculation of all its parameters, as well as a real assessment of the conditions in which it will be operated. If this is neglected, the money spent on the purchase of equipment may be thrown away - its power will not be enough to heat the house or, if it is excessive, you will have to regularly overpay substantial sums.

To correctly calculate the boiler power, you need to use the developed methods, taking into account many factors, which primarily include heat losses of the heated room; all that remains is to take into account all possible losses.

• The first thing you need to start calculating is the premises of the house. You need to take into account all their characteristics, including volume and area, the materials from which the structure is built and the degree of its insulation.
• In addition, you need to calculate the sources of cold, which are the elements of the house, and without which it cannot do - doors and windows, floors, walls and roof, ventilation system.

• All these structural elements or technical equipment contain heat in rooms in different ways, but each of them gives a certain percentage of heat loss, depending on the material of its manufacture.
• The difference in air temperature in the rooms of the home and outside also plays an important role in the calculations - the lower it is outside the building, the faster the house cools down.
• The average winter temperature in the region where the building is located is also taken into account.
• If the boiler is intended not only for heating, but also for heating water, this factor must also be taken into account when calculating.

Armed with such indicators, you can make calculations and determine the power of the heating boiler in different ways.

Calculation methods

Based on the type of fuel, boilers are divided into:

1. gas;
2. electrical;
3. solid fuel.

The easiest way to calculate boiler power

If you don’t go into details and be sure that during the winter months you will not be left without heat in the house - just add to your calculations +50% . It is better for your boiler to operate at half its capacity than to constantly be “at the limit” of its capabilities.

In a simple calculation, measure the square footage of the house and multiplied by a factor of 0.15.

For example:

You have a one-story house with an area of ​​110 m2.

In order to correctly determine the boiler power, you just need to multiply this figure by 0.15.

We get: 110x0.15=16.5

We find that for a house with an area of ​​110 m2, a boiler with a power of 16.5 kW is needed.

If simple methods are foreign to you and you want to get a little more involved, you need to move on to the next part of our article!

The second way to calculate boiler power for a private house

It is a little more complex than the first one, since many more factors are taken into account, but it is also more accurate. In addition, you will not overpay for an overly powerful boiler, which, as it turns out, you do not need.

An accurate computer calculation of heat loss can be carried out by a specialist designer when drawing up a house project.

If such calculations were not made for the project, then they can be performed independently, if this concerns a private house with a small area. In this case, you will have to answer some questions:

• what material are the walls made of and what thickness are they;
• what is the total volume of cubic capacity of the house;
• the presence of insulation and its thickness;
• the number of windows, their sizes, the materials from which they are made (if these are double-glazed windows, then the number of cameras in them).

These questions are presented in a special questionnaire, which can be found on the Internet on specialized sites. It contains several answers to each question posed, depending on the choice of which the power of the heating device for a particular house will be calculated.

An approximately established coefficient that determines heat loss for the central Russian regions looks like this:

• for a building that does not have thermal insulation - 130-200 W/m²;
• for a house from the 80s-90s with thermal insulation - 85-115 W/m²;
• for construction at the beginning of the 21st century, with double-glazed windows installed - 55-75 W/m².

This coefficient is multiplied by the area of ​​the entire building and the number of heat losses is obtained. However, it cannot be said that based on these figures it is possible to obtain accurate results, since they are produced without taking into account the region where the home is located, the number and size of window openings and other factors on which heat loss directly depends.

Another way to calculate the power of a heating device is calculation of the specific heating power of each room, which are summed up and the desired value is obtained. This is done using a formula in which the parameters are designated by the following letters and numbers:

1. boiler power - W;
2. heating power per unit area in sq. meters - W1;
3. the area of ​​all heated rooms is ΣS.

The formula itself looks like this: W=ΣSxW1. To apply it in practice, you need to know the power required to heat one m².

It is also determined based on some factors:

• average temperature in a given area during the cold season;
• location of the room (internal or end room);
• number and size of windows;
• expected number of heat sources;
• resistance to heat transfer.

This calculation is quite complicated, so it is better if it is carried out by specialists. But you need to think about whether this is worth doing when the necessary indicators that take into account the climate of the region have already been included in the design of any structure.

Therefore, you can act using a simplified method for determining the power of a heating device.

• The simplest scoring method does not evaluate each individual factor and room, but rather makes a comprehensive assessment of the house. For this, a very simple formula has been developed: 10 m2 = 1 k W with ceiling heights from 2.6 to 3.1 m. That is, for every 10 sq. meters of area, a power of 1 kW is required if the ceiling height is not higher than 3-3.1 m.

For example, a house with an area of ​​250 sq. meters will require a boiler with a power of at least 25 kW (250: 10 = 25) for high-quality heating

For each region, the value of the power factor is calculated, which takes into account the climate at the location of the home. The product of it and the area of ​​the house will also be a figure that indicates the power of the boiler.

If you get a power value of a rating with which boilers are not produced, then you need to purchase a heating device that will be closest to the calculated value, it is better if the boiler power exceeds the required.

When using this calculation method, you need to know that it is convenient in its simplicity, but does not give an accurate result for buildings with complex architecture. Therefore, if you need to make calculations for such buildings, it would be better to entrust this work to specialists.

Determining the ideal ratio of power and economy

To follow the principles of economy, you need to take into account some more points when operating the boiler.

In cold weather, the temperature in the house must be maintained at 20-22 degrees; it is optimally comfortable for the human body. But given that the temperature changes during the winter, and the coldest days occur only a few times during the heating season, you can warm the house using a boiler with a power half lower than that obtained in the calculations.

For the normal functioning of the boiler for many years, it is better if it operates at rated rather than peak power. But during the heating season, the need to maintain a high temperature in the house sometimes disappears. To get out of this situation, mixing valves are used.

They are needed so that you can regulate the temperature of the coolant in the batteries. For this purpose, hydraulic systems with thermohydraulic distributors or four-way valves are used. If they are installed in a heating system, the temperature can be changed with a regulator, leaving the boiler power constant.

After such upgrades, even a small boiler will operate in optimal mode, sufficient for high-quality heating of all rooms. This solution is quite expensive, but it will help save on fuel consumption.

• Another case is when the boiler has a power that is exceeded for a given room, and you don’t want to overpay for excess fuel, which should ensure its operation. To avoid these unpleasant expenses, you can install a buffer tank (battery tank), which is completely filled with water.

This addition will come in handy if solid fuel boilers are used for heating - the device will operate at full power, even if only short-term heat is required.

When the temperature outside rises and it is too early to turn off the boiler, the automatic valve begins to limit the flow of heated water into the radiators. He directs it to the heat exchanger of the buffer tank, and there it will heat the water that is already in the tank. The volume of the tank should be 10:1 in relation to the area of ​​the house, for example, for 50 square meters of area you will need a tank with a volume of 500 liters.

This water, having heated up, begins to function after the water in the circuit cools down - it begins to flow into the radiators, and the system will continue to heat the rooms for some time.

Video: Determining the power of the heating system as a whole and its elements

Having chosen a method for calculating the boiler power, you can additionally get advice from specialists in order to purchase the device for sure. Based on the data obtained in the calculations, you can save money when purchasing a heating boiler and during its operation.

When choosing a solid fuel boiler, you need to consider power. It determines whether the device can create the required amount of heat for the entire house or not. It is undesirable to choose a boiler that is too powerful, because it will operate in economy mode, and this will affect the reduction in efficiency.

To make the right one, you need to know two indicators:

1. The amount of heat required to heat the room and heat the water.
2. The real power of the device.

Calculation of power depending on the volume of the room

The calculation formula is:

Q = VxΔTxK/850,

• where Q – The amount of heat, defined in kW/h4;
• V – room volume(unit of measurement cubic m);
• ΔT is the difference between the outside temperature and the indoor temperature;
• TO - correction factor, taking into account heat loss;
• the number 850 is used to convert the product of the above three indicators to kW/hour.

K can have the following meanings:

1. 3-4 – for premises that are a simplified wooden structure or a building made of corrugated sheets.
2. 2-2,9 – for buildings with little thermal insulation. The design of such houses is simplified, the wall thickness is equal to the length of 1 brick, the windows and roof have a simple structure.
3. 1-1,9 – for houses whose design is standard. The brickwork is double, the number of simple windows is small. The roof has a conventional roof.
4. 0,6-0,9 – for houses with improved construction, double thermal insulation of brick walls, double glazed windows, thick floor base, roof made of good thermal insulation material.

As an example, let's take a modern house with an area of ​​200 square meters. m, wall height 3 m and first-class thermal insulation. The house is located in an area where in winter the temperature does not drop below -25 °C. In this case, ΔT = 20 – (-25) = 45 °C. Therefore, to heat a house you need to create Q = 200*3*45*0.9/850 = 28.58 kW/h. The figure should not be rounded, because it is not final and you need to increase it with your own hands by the amount of heat for the hot water supply. If the water is planned to be heated in a different way, then the result obtained is not adjusted, and part of the calculation is completed.

Calculation of heat for hot water supply

• where c is specific heat capacity of water(the indicator is always 4200 J/kg*K);
• m – mass of water in kg;
• Δt temperature difference between heated water from the water supply.

Read also: Cleaning a solid fuel boiler from tar and soot

Example. The average family's need for warm water can reach 150 liters. If the boiler heats the coolant to a temperature of 80 °C, and the water from the pipeline has a temperature of 10 °C, then Δt = 80 – 10 = 70 °C.

Qв = 4200*150*70 = 44,100,000 J or 12.25 kW/h.

1. If 150 liters need to be heated at a time, the capacity of the indirect boiler is 150 liters, then 12.25 kW/h is added to 28.58 kW/h. This must be done because if Qzag is less than 40.83, the room will be colder than the calculated 20 °C.
2. If the water must be heated in portions, the volume of the indirect boiler is 50 liters, then 12.25 is divided by 3 and added with your own hands to 28.58. Qzag will be equal to 32.67 kW/h. This is the power of the device for the heating system.

Calculation by area

It is more accurate because it takes into account more factors. The calculation is made using the formula:

Q = 0.1*S*k1*k2*k3*k4*k5*k6*k7, Where:

0.1 kW is the heat norm per 1 sq. m;

S – area of ​​the heated house;

k1 demonstrates heat loss caused by window design. Has the meaning:

• 1.27 – if the windows have one glass;
• 1.0 – if there are double-glazed windows;
• 0.85 – if there are windows with triple glass.

k2 demonstrates heat loss caused by window area (Sw). Is the ratio of Sw to the floor area Sf. Its meanings are:

• 0.8 at Sw/Sf = 0.1;
• 0.9 at Sw/Sf = 0.2;
• 1 at Sw/Sf = 0.3;
• 1.1 at Sw/Sf = 0.4;
• 1.2 at Sw/Sf = 0.5.

k3 is coefficient of heat loss through walls. It happens like this:

• 1.27 with very poor thermal insulation;
• 1 in houses with a wall of 2 bricks or insulation, the thickness of which is 15 cm;
• 0.854 with good thermal insulation.

k4 shows heat loss depending on the air temperature outside the house (tz). Has the following meanings:

• 0.7, if tз = -10 °С;
• 0.9 for tз = -15 °С;
• 1.1 for tз = -20 °С;
• 1.3 for tз = -25 °С;
• 1.5 for tз = -30 °С.

Read also: Advantages of the Popov boiler

k5 demonstrates heat loss through external walls. Is like this:

• 1.1 for rooms with one external wall;
• 1.2 for 2 external walls;
• 1.3 for 3 external walls;
• 1.4 for a building with 4 external walls.

K6 shows how much Additional heat required depending on ceiling height (H). Its meanings are:

• 1 for H = 2.5 m;
• 1.05 for H = 3.0 m;
• 1.1 for H = 3.5 m;
• 1.15 for H = 4.0 m;
• 1.2 for H = 4.5 m.

k7 determines heat loss depending on the type of room located above the heated room. It happens like this:

• 0.8 for heated rooms;
• 0.9 for a warm attic;
• 1 for a cold attic.

Example. The conditions of the problem are the same. The windows are triple glazed and make up 30% of the floor area. The number of external walls is 4. There is a cold attic upstairs.

Q = 0.1*200*0.85*1*0.854*1.3*1.4*1.05*1 = 27.74 kW/h. This figure must be increased by adding with your own hands the amount of heat required for hot water supply.

Real power of a long-burning boiler

Many devices are designed for a specific type of fuel. If other types of fuel are burned in them, their efficiency will be lower.

The power calculation will be carried out on the basis of the Viessmann Vitoligno 100-S 60 pyrolysis boiler. Its features are as follows:

1. Powered by wood.
2. In 1 hour, from 6 to 15 kg of firewood burns in the loading chamber.
3. Its rated power is 60 kW.
4. The loading chamber volume is 294 liters.
5. Efficiency is 87%

Let the owner plan to burn aspen wood in it. 1 kg of such firewood produces 2.82 kW/h. If a boiler burns 15 kg in 1 hour, then it emits 2.82*15*0.87 = 36.801 kW/h of heat (0.87 is efficiency). Such a device is not enough for heating a house with a 150 liter boiler, but it is quite enough for hot water supply with a 50 liter boiler. To get the figure 32.67 kW/h, you need to burn 13.31 kg of aspen firewood in 1 hour (32.67/(2.82*0.87) = 13.31). This is the case if you calculate the heat demand by volume.

The article was prepared with the information support of Teplodar company engineers https://www.teplodar.ru/catalog/kotli/ - heating boilers at prices from the manufacturer.

The most important characteristic taken into account when purchasing heating boilers, both gas, electric or solid fuel, is their power. Therefore, many consumers who are planning to purchase a heat generator for a room heating system are concerned with the question of how to calculate the boiler power based on the area of ​​the premises and other data. This is discussed in the following lines.

Calculation parameters. What to consider

But first, let’s figure out what this such an important quantity actually is, and most importantly, why it is so important.

In essence, the described characteristic of a heat generator operating on any type of fuel shows its performance - that is, how much area of ​​the room it can heat along with the heating circuit.

For example, a heating device with a power of 3–5 kW is capable, as a rule, of “enveloping” a one-room or even two-room apartment, as well as a house with an area of ​​up to 50 square meters. m. An installation with a value of 7 - 10 kW will “pull” a three-room apartment with an area of ​​up to 100 square meters. m.

In other words, they usually take a power equal to approximately a tenth of the entire heated area (in kW). But this is only in the most general case. To obtain a specific value, a calculation is needed. Various factors must be taken into account in the calculations. Let's list them:

• Total heated area.
• Region where calculated heating operates.
• House walls and their thermal insulation.
• Roof heat loss.
• Type of boiler fuel.

Now let’s talk directly about calculating power in relation to different types of boilers: gas, electric and solid fuel.

Gas boilers

Based on the above, the power of boiler equipment for heating is calculated using one fairly simple formula:

N boiler = S x N beat. / 10.

Here the values ​​of the quantities are deciphered as follows:

• N of the boiler is the power of this particular unit;
• S is the total sum of the areas of all rooms heated by the system;
• N beats – specific value of the heat generator required to warm up 10 kW. m. area of ​​the room.

One of the main determining factors for the calculation is the climatic zone, the region where this equipment is used. That is, the calculation of the power of a solid fuel boiler is carried out with reference to specific climatic conditions.

What is typical is that once upon a time, during the existence of Soviet standards for assigning the power of a heating installation, they considered 1 kW. always equal to 10 square meters. meters, then today it is extremely necessary to make accurate calculations for real conditions.

In this case, you need to take the following values ​​N beats.

As an example, we will calculate the power of a solid fuel heating boiler relative to the Siberian region, where winter frosts sometimes reach -35 degrees Celsius. Let's take N beats. = 1.8 kW. Then, to heat a house with a total area of ​​100 square meters. m. you will need an installation with the following design value:

Boiler N = 100 sq. m. x 1.8 / 10 = 18 kW.

As you can see, the approximate ratio of the number of kilowatts to area as one to ten does not apply here.

It is important to know! If you know how many kilowatts a particular solid fuel installation has, you can calculate the volume of coolant, in other words, the volume of water that is necessary to fill the system. To do this, simply multiply the resulting N of the heat generator by 15.

In our case, the volume of water in the heating system is 18 x 15 = 270 liters.

However, taking into account the climatic component to calculate the power characteristics of a heat generator is in some cases not enough. It must be remembered that heat losses may occur due to the specific design of the premises. First of all, you need to consider what the walls of the living space are. How insulated the house is - this factor is of great importance. It is also important to consider the structure of the roof.

In general, you can use a special coefficient by which you need to multiply the power obtained from our formula.

This coefficient has the following approximate values:

• K = 1, if the house is more than 15 years old, and the walls are made of brick, foam blocks or wood, and the walls are insulated;
• K = 1.5 if the walls are not insulated;
• K = 1.8, if, in addition to uninsulated walls, the house has a poor roof that allows heat to pass through;
• K = 0.6 for a modern house with insulation.

Suppose, in our case, the house is 20 years old, it is built of brick and well insulated. Then the power calculated in our example remains the same:

Boiler N = 18x1 = 18 kW.

If the boiler is installed in an apartment, then a similar coefficient must be taken into account. But for an ordinary apartment, if it is not on the first or last floor, K will be equal to 0.7. If the apartment is on the first or last floor, then K = 1.1 should be taken.

How to calculate power for electric boilers

Electric boilers are rarely used for heating. The main reason is that electricity is too expensive today, and the maximum power of such installations is low. In addition, failures and long-term power outages in the network are possible.

The calculation here can be made using the same formula:

N boiler = S x N beat. / 10,

after which you should multiply the resulting indicator by the necessary coefficients, we have already written about them.

However, there is another, more accurate in this case, method. Let's indicate it.

This method is based on the fact that the value of 40 W is initially taken. This value means that so much power, without taking into account additional factors, is necessary to warm up 1 m3. Further calculation is carried out as follows. Since windows and doors are sources of heat loss, you need to add 100 W per window, and 200 W per door.

At the last stage, the same coefficients that were already mentioned above are taken into account.

For example, let us calculate in this way the power of an electric boiler installed in a house of 80 m2 with a ceiling height of 3 m, with five windows and one door.

Boiler N = 40x80x3+500+200=10300 W, or approximately 10 kW.

If the calculation is carried out for an apartment on the third floor, it is necessary to multiply the resulting value, as already mentioned, by a reduction factor. Then N boiler = 10x0.7=7 kW.

Now let's talk about solid fuel boilers.

For solid fuel

This type of equipment, as the name implies, is characterized by the use of solid fuel for heating. The advantages of such units are obvious mostly in remote villages and dacha communities where there are no gas pipelines. Firewood or pellets - pressed shavings - are usually used as solid fuel.

The method for calculating the power of solid fuel boilers is identical to the above method, characteristic of gas heating boilers. In other words, the calculation is carried out according to the formula:

N boiler = S x N beat. / 10.

After calculating the strength indicator using this formula, it is also multiplied by the above coefficients.

However, in this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that a solid fuel boiler has low efficiency. Therefore, after calculating using the described method, a power reserve of approximately 20% should be added. However, if it is planned to use a heat accumulator in the heating system in the form of a container for storing coolant, then you can leave the calculated value.

Drawing of a solid fuel boiler with estimated power

Too much and too little

Finally, we note that installing a heating boiler without first calculating its power can lead to two undesirable situations:

1. The boiler power is below that required to heat the existing premises.
2. The boiler power is greater than necessary to heat the existing premises.

In the first case, in addition to the fact that the house will be constantly cold, the unit itself may fail due to constant overloads. And fuel consumption will be unreasonably high. Reinstalling a boiler with a new one is associated with large material costs and difficulties during dismantling; is it worth talking about moral costs? That is why it is so important to correctly calculate the power of the unit!

In the second case, not everything is so bad. Excessive boiler power is mostly just an inconvenience. Firstly, this is the feeling of wasting money on an expensive unit. Secondly, oddly enough, an overly powerful unit that constantly works at half capacity reduces its efficiency and quickly wears out. In addition, a lot of fuel will be wasted.

As you can see, in the second case there are also significant disadvantages. However, the situation here can be corrected if, say, we add the function of heating hot water supply to the boiler. In any case, the final decision is up to the consumer.

So, we looked at ways to calculate the power of a heating boiler. These recommendations should help consumers during the complex process of selecting and purchasing a heating unit.

One of the main components of comfortable housing is the presence of a well-thought-out heating system. At the same time, the choice of the type of heating and the required equipment is one of the main questions that must be answered at the stage of designing a house. An objective calculation of the heating boiler power by area will ultimately result in a completely efficient heating system.

We will now tell you about how to carry out this work correctly. At the same time, we will consider the features inherent in different types of heating. After all, they must be taken into account when carrying out calculations and subsequent decision-making on the installation of this or that type of heating.

Basic calculation rules

At the beginning of our story about how to calculate the power of a heating boiler, we will consider the quantities used in the calculations:

• room area (S);
• specific heater power per 10 m² of heated area – (W spec.). This value is determined adjusted for the climatic conditions of a particular region.

This value (W beat) is:

• for the Moscow region - from 1.2 kW to 1.5 kW;
• for the southern regions of the country - from 0.7 kW to 0.9 kW;
• for the northern regions of the country - from 1.5 kW to 2.0 kW.

Power calculation is carried out as follows:

W cat.=(S*Wsp.):10

Advice! For simplicity, you can use a simplified version of this calculation. In it Wsp.=1. Therefore, the heat output of the boiler is determined as 10 kW per 100 m² of heated area. But with such calculations, you must add at least 15% to the resulting value in order to get a more objective figure.

Calculation example

As you can see, the instructions for calculating the heat transfer intensity are simple. But, nevertheless, we will accompany it with a specific example.

The conditions will be as follows. The area of ​​heated premises in the house is 100 m². The specific power for the Moscow region is 1.2 kW. Substituting the available values ​​into the formula, we get the following:

W boiler = (100x1.2)/10 = 12 kilowatts.

Calculation for different types of heating boilers

The degree of efficiency of a heating system depends primarily on the correct choice of its type. And of course, it depends on the accuracy of the calculation of the required performance of the heating boiler. If the calculation of the thermal power of the heating system was not carried out accurately enough, then negative consequences will inevitably arise.

If the boiler heat transfer is less than required, the rooms will be cold in winter. In case of excess productivity, there will be an overconsumption of energy and, accordingly, money spent on heating the building.

To avoid these and other problems, just knowing how to calculate the power of a heating boiler is not enough.

It is also necessary to take into account the features inherent in systems using different types of heaters (you can see photos of each of them below in the text):

• solid fuel;
• electric;
• liquid fuel;
• gas.

The choice of one type or another largely depends on the region of residence and the level of infrastructure development. It is important to have the opportunity to purchase a certain type of fuel. And, of course, its cost.

Solid fuel boilers

Calculation of the power of a solid fuel boiler must be made taking into account the features characterized by the following features of such heaters:

• low popularity;
• relative accessibility;
• the possibility of autonomous operation - it is provided in a number of modern models of these devices;
• efficiency during operation;
• the need for additional space for fuel storage.

Another characteristic feature that should be taken into account when calculating the heating power of a solid fuel boiler is the cyclicity of the resulting temperature. That is, in rooms heated with its help, the daily temperature will fluctuate within 5ºC.

Therefore, such a system is far from the best. And if possible, you should refuse it. But, if this is not possible, there are two ways to smooth out the existing shortcomings:

1. Using a thermal balloon, which is needed to regulate the air supply. This will increase the burning time and reduce the number of fireboxes;
2. Application of water heat accumulators, having a capacity from 2 to 10 m². They are included in the heating system, allowing you to reduce energy costs and, thereby, save fuel.

All this will reduce the required productivity. Therefore, the effect of these measures must be taken into account when calculating the power of the heating system.

Electric boilers

Characterized by the following features:

• high cost of fuel - electricity;
• possible problems due to network outages;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of control;
• compactness.

All these parameters should be taken into account when calculating the power of an electric heating boiler. After all, it is not purchased for one year.

Liquid fuel boilers

They have the following characteristic features:

• not environmentally friendly;
• easy to use;
• require additional space for fuel storage;
• have an increased fire hazard;
• They use fuel, the price of which is quite high.

Gas boilers

In most cases, they are the most optimal option for organizing a heating system. have the following characteristic features that must be taken into account when calculating the power of a heating boiler:

• ease of operation;
• do not require space for fuel storage;
• safe to use;
• low cost of fuel;
• efficiency.

Calculation for heating radiators

Let's say you decide to install a heating radiator yourself. But first you need to purchase it. And choose exactly the one that is suitable in terms of power.

• First we determine the volume of the room. To do this, multiply the area of ​​the room by its height. As a result, we get 42m³.
• Next, you should know that heating 1 m³ of room area in central Russia requires spending 41 watts. Therefore, to find out the required radiator performance, we multiply this figure (41 W) by the volume of the room. As a result, we get 1722W.
• Now let's calculate how many sections our radiator should have. It's easy to do. Each element of a bimetallic or aluminum radiator has a heat output of 150 W.
• Therefore, we divide the performance we received (1722W) by 150. We get 11.48. Round up to 11.
• Now you need to add another 15% to the resulting figure. This will help smooth out the increase in required heat transfer during the most severe winters. 15% of 11 is 1.68. Round up to 2.
• As a result, we add 2 more to the existing number (11). We get 13. So, to heat a room with an area of ​​14 m², we need a radiator with a power of 1722 W, having 13 sections.

Now you know how to calculate the required performance of the boiler, as well as the heating radiator. Use our tips and ensure yourself an efficient and at the same time not wasteful heating system. If you need more detailed information, you can easily find it in the corresponding video on our website.