Requirements for the premises when designing an individual heating unit. What is an individual heating point (IHP) Placement of IHP in a residential building

SNiP 41-02-2003

14.1 Heating points are divided into:
individual heating points (ITP)— for connecting heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of one building or part of it;
central heating points (CHS)- the same, two buildings or more.
14.2 Thermal points provide for the placement of equipment, fittings, monitoring, control and automation devices, through which the following is carried out:
transformation of the type of coolant or its parameters; control of coolant parameters;
accounting for heat loads, coolant and condensate flow rates;
regulation of coolant flow and distribution across heat consumption systems (through distribution networks in central heating stations or directly to heating and heating systems);
protection local systems from an emergency increase in coolant parameters;
filling and replenishing heat consumption systems;
collection, cooling, return of condensate and quality control;
heat accumulation;
water treatment for hot water supply systems.
At a heating point, depending on its purpose and local conditions, all of the listed activities or only part of them can be carried out. Devices for monitoring coolant parameters and metering heat consumption should be provided at all heating points.
14.3 The installation of an ITP input is mandatory for each building, regardless of the presence of a central heating point, while the ITP provides only for those measures that are necessary for connecting a given building and are not provided for in the central heating point.
14.4 In closed and open systems heating supply, the need to install central heating stations for residential and public buildings must be justified by technical and economic calculations.
14.5 In the premises of heating points it is allowed to place equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures, including booster pumping units that supply water for domestic drinking and fire-fighting needs.
14.6 Basic requirements for the placement of pipelines, equipment and fittings in heating points should be taken according to Appendix B.
14.7 The connection of heat consumers to heating networks at heating points should be provided according to schemes that ensure minimum water consumption in heating networks, as well as heat savings through the use of heat flow regulators and limiters of the maximum flow of network water, correction pumps or elevators with automatic control that reduce the temperature water entering heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.
14.8 The design temperature of water in the supply pipelines after the central heating point should be accepted:
when connecting heating systems of buildings according to a dependent scheme - equal, as a rule, to the calculated water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating networks to the central heating point;
with an independent circuit - no more than 30 °C below the design temperature of water in the supply pipeline of the heating networks to the central heating point, but not higher than 150 °C and not lower than the design temperature accepted in the consumer’s system.
Independent pipelines from central heating stations for connecting ventilation systems with an independent connection scheme for heating systems are provided at a maximum thermal load for ventilation of more than 50% of the maximum thermal load for heating.
14.9 When calculating the heating surface of water-water heaters for hot water supply and heating systems, the water temperature in the supply pipeline of the heating network should be taken equal to the temperature at the break point of the water temperature graph or the minimum water temperature, if there is no break in the temperature graph, and for heating systems - also the temperature water corresponding to the calculated outside air temperature for heating design. The larger of the obtained values ​​of the heating surface should be taken as the calculated value.
14.10 When calculating the heating surface of hot water supply water heaters, the temperature of the heated water at the outlet from the water heater into the hot water supply system should be taken to be at least 60 °C.
14.11 For high-speed sectional water-to-water water heaters, a countercurrent flow pattern of coolant should be adopted, while heating water from the heating network should flow:
in water heaters of heating systems - in tubes;
the same for hot water supply - into the interpipe space.
In steam-water water heaters, steam must enter the inter-tube space.
For hot water supply systems with steam heating networks, it is allowed to use capacious water heaters, using them as storage tanks hot water provided that their capacity corresponds to that required when calculating for storage tanks.
In addition to high-speed water heaters, it is possible to use other types of water heaters that have high thermal and operational characteristics and small dimensions.
14.12 The minimum number of water-to-water heaters should be:
two, connected in parallel, each of which must be calculated for 100% of the heat load - for heating systems of buildings that do not allow interruptions in the heat supply;
two, each designed for 75% of the heat load, for heating systems of buildings constructed in areas with a design outdoor temperature below minus 40 °C;
one for other heating systems;
two, connected in parallel in each heating stage, designed for 50% of the heat load each - for hot water supply systems.
With a maximum heat load for hot water supply of up to 2 MW, it is allowed to provide one hot water supply heater in each heating stage, except for buildings that do not allow interruptions in the supply of heat to hot water supply.
When installing steam-water water heaters in heating, ventilation or hot water supply systems, their number must be at least two, connected in parallel; backup water heaters need not be provided.
For technological installations that do not allow interruptions in the heat supply, backup water heaters must be provided, designed for the heat load in accordance with the operating mode of the enterprise's technological installations.
14.13 Pipelines should be equipped with fittings with shut-off valves with a nominal bore of 15 mm for releasing air at the highest points of all pipelines and with a nominal bore of at least 25 mm for draining water at the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.
It is permissible to install devices for draining water not in the central heating station pit, but outside the central heating station in special chambers.
14.14 Mud traps should be installed:
at the heating point on the supply pipelines at the inlet;
on the return pipeline in front of control devices and water and heat flow metering devices - no more than one;
in ITP - regardless of their availability in the central heating center;
in thermal units of consumers of the 3rd category - on the supply pipeline at the inlet.
Before mechanical water meters (vane, turbine), plate heat exchangers and other equipment, filters should be installed along the water flow (as required by the manufacturer).
14.15 At heating points, it is not allowed to install starting jumpers between the supply and return pipelines of heating networks, as well as bypass pipelines in addition to pumps (except for booster pumps), elevators, control valves, mud traps and devices for metering water and heat consumption.
Overflow regulators and steam traps must have bypass piping.
14.16 To protect pipelines and equipment of centralized hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters from internal corrosion and scale formation, water treatment should be provided, usually carried out in a central heating station. In ITP, only magnetic and silicate water treatment is allowed.
14.17 Processing drinking water should not worsen its sanitary and hygienic indicators. Reagents and materials used for water treatment that have direct contact with water entering the hot water supply system must be approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities of Russia for use in domestic and drinking water supply practice.
14.18 When installing storage tanks for hot water supply systems in heating points with vacuum deaeration, it is necessary to protect the inner surface of the tanks from corrosion and the water in them from aeration by using sealing liquids. In the absence of vacuum deaeration, the internal surface of the tanks must be protected from corrosion through the use of protective coatings or cathodic protection. The design of the tank should include a device that prevents sealing liquid from entering the hot water supply system.
14.19 For heating points, supply and exhaust ventilation should be provided, designed for air exchange determined by heat release from pipelines and equipment. The calculated air temperature in the work area in the cold period of the year should be taken no higher than 28 °C, in the warm period of the year - 5 °C higher than the outside air temperature according to parameters A. When placing heating points in residential and public buildings, a verification calculation of heat inputs from heating point into adjacent rooms. If the permissible air temperature in these rooms exceeds the permissible air temperature, measures should be taken for additional thermal insulation of the enclosing structures of adjacent rooms.
14.20 A drain should be installed in the floor of the heating unit, and if gravity drainage of water is not possible, a drainage pit should be installed measuring at least 0.5 ‘0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit is covered with a removable grate.
To pump water from the catchment pit into the sewerage system, drainage system or associated drainage, one drainage pump should be provided. A pump designed for pumping water from a catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing heat consumption systems.
14.21 At heating points, measures should be taken to prevent noise levels from exceeding those allowed for premises in residential and public buildings. Heating units equipped with pumps are not allowed to be placed adjacent to or above the premises of residential apartments, dormitories and playrooms of preschool institutions, sleeping quarters of boarding schools, hotels, hostels, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses, wards and operating rooms of hospitals, premises with long stays patients, doctors' offices, auditoriums of entertainment enterprises.
14.22 The minimum clear distances from free-standing ground central heating centers to the external walls of the listed premises must be at least 25 m.
In particularly cramped conditions, it is permissible to reduce the distance to 15 m, provided that additional measures are taken to reduce noise to a level acceptable according to sanitary standards.
14.23 Based on their placement on the general plan, heating points are divided into free-standing, attached to buildings and structures, and built into buildings and structures.
14.24 Heating units built into buildings should be located in separate rooms near the outer walls of buildings.
14.25 The following exits must be provided from the heating point:
if the length of the heating point room is 12 m or less - one exit to the adjacent room, corridor or staircase;
if the length of the heating point room is more than 12 m, there are two exits, one of which should be directly outside, the second to the adjacent room, staircase or corridor.
The premises of heating points for consumers of steam with a pressure of more than 0.07 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the dimensions of the room.
14.26 There is no need to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points. Doors and gates must open from the room or building of the heating point away from you.
14.27 In terms of explosion and fire hazards, the premises of heating points must comply with category D according to NPB 105.
14.28 Heating units located in industrial and warehouse buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, residential and public buildings, must be separated from other premises by partitions or fences that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heating unit.
14.29 For installation of equipment whose dimensions exceed the dimensions of the doors, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided in ground-based heating units.
In this case, the dimensions of the installation opening and gate should be 0.2 m larger than the overall dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
14.30 To move equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment units, inventory lifting and transport devices should be provided.
If it is impossible to use inventory devices, it is allowed to provide stationary lifting and transport devices:
with a mass of transported cargo from 0.1 to 1.0 tons - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 1.0 to 2.0 t - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
the same, more than 2.0 t - single-girder electric overhead cranes.
It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile lifting and transport equipment.
14.31 To service equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile platforms or portable devices (stepladders) must be provided. If it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as to maintain equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms with fencing and permanent stairs. The dimensions of platforms, stairs and fences should be taken in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23120.
The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the upper ceiling must be at least 2 m.
14.32 In central heating stations with permanent staff, a bathroom with a washbasin should be provided.

According to SP 41-101-95

• 2.8 Individual heating points must be built into the buildings they serve and located in separate rooms on the ground floor near the outer walls of the building. It is allowed to place ITP in technical undergrounds or in the basements of buildings and structures.
• 2.9 Central heating points (CHS) should, as a rule, be provided separately. It is recommended to block them with other production premises.
  It is allowed to provide central heating stations attached to buildings or built into public, administrative or industrial buildings and structures.
• 2.10 When placing heating points equipped with pumps inside residential, public, administrative buildings, as well as in industrial buildings, which are subject to increased requirements for permissible noise and vibration levels in premises and workplaces, the requirements of Section. 10.
• 2.11 The buildings of detached and attached heating points must be one-story; it is allowed to construct basements in them for placing equipment, collecting, cooling and pumping condensate and constructing a sewage system.
  Separately standing heating points may be provided underground, provided:
  • lack of groundwater in the construction area and sealing of inputs engineering communications into the building of a heating station, excluding the possibility of flooding the heating station with sewerage, flood and other waters;
  • ensuring gravity drainage of water from the pipelines of the heating point;
  • ensuring automated operation of heating point equipment without permanent maintenance personnel with alarm and partial remote control from the control center.
• 2.12 In terms of explosion and fire hazards, the premises of heating points should be classified as category D.
• 2.13 Heating units may be located in industrial premises of categories G and D, as well as in technical basements and underground areas of residential and public buildings. In this case, the premises of heating points must be separated from these premises by fences (partitions) that prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the heating point.
• 2.14 When developing space-planning and design solutions for detached and attached buildings of heating units intended for industrial and agricultural enterprises, it is recommended to provide for the possibility of their subsequent expansion.
• 2.15 Heating points built into buildings should be located near the external walls of buildings at a distance of no more than 12 m from the exit from these buildings.
• 2.16 The following exits must be provided from heating points built into buildings:
  • if the length of the heating point room is 12 m or less and it is located at a distance of less than 12 m from the exit from the building to the outside - one exit to the outside through a corridor or staircase;
  • if the length of the heating point room is 12 m or less and it is located at a distance of more than 12 m from the exit of the building - one independent exit to the outside;
  • if the length of the heating point room is more than 12 m, there are two exits, one of which must be directly outside, the second through a corridor or staircase.
  • The premises of heating points with coolant steam at a pressure of more than 1.0 MPa must have at least two exits, regardless of the size of the room.
• 2.17 In underground free-standing or attached heating units, it is allowed to provide a second exit through an attached shaft with a hatch or through a hatch in the ceiling, and in heating units located in technical undergrounds or basements of buildings - through a hatch in the wall.
• 2.18 Doors and gates from the heating point must open from the premises or building of the heating point away from you.
• 2.19 It is recommended to use the equipment of heating points in a block design, for which it is necessary:
  • accept water heaters, pumps and other equipment in factory-ready units;
  • accept enlarged pipeline assembly blocks;
  • consolidate technologically interconnected equipment into transportable blocks with pipelines, fittings, instrumentation, electrical equipment and thermal insulation.
• 2.20 Minimum clear distances from building structures to pipelines, equipment, fittings, between the surfaces of thermal insulation structures of adjacent pipelines, as well as the width of passages between building structures and equipment (in light) should be taken according to adj. 1.
• 2.21 It is recommended to take the height of the premises from the finished floor mark to the bottom of the protruding ceiling structures (in the clear) at least, m:
  • for ground-based central heating stations - 4.2;
  • for underground - 3.6;
  • for ITP - 2.2.

  ITP design

  Requirements for heating points according to SP 41-101-95

  When placing ITP in basements and basements, as well as in technical underground areas of buildings, it is allowed to take the height of the premises and free passages to them at least 1.8 m.

• 2.22 An installation (repair) site should be provided at the central heating point.
  The dimensions of the installation site in plan should be determined by the dimensions of the largest piece of equipment (except for tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3) or a block of equipment and pipelines supplied assembled for installation, with a passage around it of at least 0.7 m.
  To carry out minor repairs of equipment, instruments and fittings, a place should be provided for installing a workbench.
• 2.23 Condensate tanks and storage tanks with a capacity of more than 3 m3 should be installed outside the premises of heating points on open areas. In this case, provision must be made for thermal insulation of the tanks, installation of water seals built directly into the tank, as well as installation of fences with a height of at least 1.6 m at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from the surface of the tanks, preventing unauthorized persons from accessing the tanks.
• 2.24 For installation of equipment whose dimensions exceed the dimensions of the doors, installation openings or gates in the walls should be provided in ground-based heating units. In this case, the dimensions of the installation opening and gate must be 0.2 m larger than the dimensions of the largest equipment or pipeline block.
• 2.25 It is not necessary to provide openings for natural lighting of heating points.
• 2.26 To move equipment and fittings or integral parts of equipment units, inventory lifting and transport devices should be provided.
  Stationary lifting and transport devices should be provided with:
  • with a mass of transported cargo from 150 kg to 1 t - monorails with manual hoists and crampons or single-girder manual overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 1 to 2 tons - single-girder manual overhead cranes;
  • the same, more than 2 tons - single-girder electric overhead cranes.

  It is allowed to provide for the possibility of using mobile small-sized lifting and transport vehicles, provided that the entry and movement of vehicles through the heating point is ensured.
  Mechanization means can be specified design organization when developing a project for specific conditions.

• 2.27 For water drainage, floors should be designed with a slope of 0.01 towards the drain or drainage pit. The minimum dimensions of the drainage pit should, as a rule, be at least 0.5 x 0.5 m in plan with a depth of at least 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.
• 2.28 In the premises of heating points, it is necessary to provide for the finishing of fences with durable, moisture-resistant materials that allow easy cleaning, and it is necessary to do the following:
  • plastering the ground part of brick walls;
  • grouting the buried part of concrete walls with cement mortar;
  • jointing of panel walls;
  • whitewashing ceilings;
  • concrete or tiled flooring.
  • The walls of heating points are covered with tiles or painted to a height of 1.5 m from the floor with oil or other waterproof paint, above 1.5 m from the floor - with adhesive or other similar paint.
• 2.29 At heating points, open pipe laying should be provided. It is allowed to lay pipes in channels, the top of which overlaps with the level of the finished floor, if through these channels no explosive or flammable gases and liquids enter the heating unit.
  • Channels must have removable ceilings with a unit weight of no more than 30 kg.
  • The bottom of the canals must have a longitudinal slope of at least 0.02 towards the drainage pit.
• 2.30 For servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 1.5 to 2.5 m from the floor, mobile or portable structures (platforms) must be provided. In cases where it is impossible to create passages for mobile platforms, as well as for servicing equipment and fittings located at a height of 2.5 m or more, it is necessary to provide stationary platforms 0.6 m wide with fences and permanent stairs. The distance from the level of the stationary platform to the ceiling must be at least 1.8 m.
• 2.31 In the premises of heating points it is allowed to place equipment for the building’s drinking and fire-fighting water supply systems, including pumping units, and in the premises of attached and built-in heating points - also equipment for supply ventilation systems serving industrial premises categories B, D, D for fire and explosion hazard and administrative and utility premises.

According to SNiP 03/23/2003 “NOISE PROTECTION”:

• 11.6 To prevent the penetration of increased noise from engineering equipment to other areas of the building you should:
  • ... use floors on an elastic base (floating floors) in ITP;
  • use enclosing structures of rooms with noisy equipment with the required sound insulation.
• 11.7 Floors on an elastic base (floating floors) should be made over the entire area of ​​the room in the form of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 60 - 80 mm. It is recommended to use fiberglass or mineral wool slabs or mats with a density of 50 - 100 kg/m3 as an elastic layer. With a material density of 50 kg/m3, the total load (weight of the slab and unit) should not exceed 10 kPa, with a density of 100 kg/m3 - 20 kPa;
• 9.13 The floor on the soundproofing layer (gaskets) should not have rigid connections (sound bridges) with the load-bearing part of the floor, walls and other building structures, i.e. must be "floating". Wooden floor or floating concrete base floors (screed) must be separated along the contour from the walls and other building structures by gaps 1 - 2 cm wide, filled with soundproofing material or product, for example, soft fiberboard, molded products made of porous polyethylene, etc.;

Below are the requirements regulatory documents concerning the premises of the heating point. The above list of requirements is not exhaustive and will expand over time. Technical requirements to the premises of the heating point were taken from the regulatory documentation regulating the procedure for design, installation and operation engineering systems residential and public buildings and may differ from similar rules for objects of other purposes.

DBN V.2.5-39 Heat networks

Clause 16.5 - Chapter 16 Heating points

Equipment for sanitary systems of buildings and structures may be located in the premises of heating points.

In heating points built into residential buildings, pumps with an acceptable (low) noise level should be installed only.

Clause 16.20 - Chapter 16 Heating points

A drain should be installed in the floor of the heating unit, and if it is impossible to drain water by gravity, a drainage pit should be equipped with a size of at least 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.8 m. The pit should be covered with a removable grate.

It is allowed to drain water not into a sump or drain of a heating point, but into special containers.

A single sump pump should be used to pump water from the catch basin to the sewer system, drainage system or associated drainage system.

A pump designed to pump water from a catchment pit is not allowed to be used for flushing a heat consumption system.

SNiP 2.04.01 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

Clause 12.3 - Chapter 12 Pumping units

Pumping units supplying water for domestic drinking, fire-fighting and circulation needs should, as a rule, be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

Clause 12.4 - Chapter 12 Pumping units

Place pumping installations (except for fire departments) directly under residential apartments, children's or group rooms of kindergartens and nurseries, classrooms of secondary schools, hospital premises, workrooms of administrative buildings, auditoriums educational institutions and other similar premises are not allowed.

Pumping units with fire-fighting pumps and hydropneumatic tanks for internal fire extinguishing are allowed to be located in the first and basement floors of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. In this case, the premises of pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, fenced off with fire walls (partitions) and ceilings and have a separate exit to the outside or to the staircase.

Notes:

• 1. In some cases, in agreement with local authorities The sanitary and epidemiological service is allowed to locate pumping units next to the listed premises, while the total noise level in the premises should not exceed 30 dB.
• 2. Rooms with hydropneumatic tanks should be located directly (next to, above, below) with rooms where a large number of people can stay simultaneously - 50 people. and more (auditorium, stage, dressing room, etc.) are not allowed. Hydropneumatic tanks may be located on technical floors. When designing hydropneumatic tanks, the requirements of the “Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels” of the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision Authority should be taken into account. In this case, the need to register hydropneumatic tanks is established by paragraphs 6-2-1 and 6-2-2 of these Rules.
• 3. It is not allowed to locate fire pumping installations in buildings in which the power supply is interrupted during the absence of maintenance personnel.

SNiP 2.04.05 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Clause 10.8 - Chapter 10 Space planning and design solutions

With centralized heat supply to buildings, they must provide premises for individual heating points, which must meet the requirements of the standards for the design of heating networks. To place electronic devices for commercial heat consumption metering, it is necessary to provide premises protected from unauthorized access that meet the requirements for the operation of these devices.

BTP - Block heating point - 1var. - this is a compact thermal-mechanical installation of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal supporting frame with fencing made of sandwich panels.

IHP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply and technological heat-using installations of an entire building or part of it.

BTP - Block heating point - 2var. It is manufactured in a factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. May consist of one or more blocks. The block equipment is mounted very compactly, usually on one frame. Typically used when it is necessary to save space, in cramped conditions. Based on the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can be classified as either an ITP or a central heating substation. Supply of ITP equipment according to specifications - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - supplied in separate items.

BTP is a fully factory-ready product, which makes it possible to connect reconstructed or newly constructed facilities to heating networks in the shortest possible time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heating units allows us to take into account all the client’s wishes and translate them into the finished product. guarantee for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Manufacturing and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that for mass, block-by-block development or extensive reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to install a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTP.

ITP (assembly) - the ability to install a heating unit in cramped conditions; there is no need to transport the assembled heating unit. Transport of individual components only. The delivery time of equipment is significantly shorter than that of BTP. The cost is lower. -BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the installation site ( fare), the dimensions of the openings for carrying BTP impose restrictions on the overall dimensions of the BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.

ITP - guarantee for various components of a heating point from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating unit; higher cost installation work, timing installation work, T. That is, when installing ITP, the individual characteristics of a particular room and the “creative” solutions of a particular contractor are taken into account, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other, can reduce the quality. After all weld, bending a pipeline, etc. in a “place” is much more difficult to perform efficiently than in a factory environment.

2.2. Technical requirements for heating points and hot water storage tanks

Heating points

2.2.1. Thermal points of enterprises are divided into central (CHP) and individual (ITP).

The construction part of the premises of heating points must comply with the requirements of the current SNiP.

The heating point premises must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.

2.2.2. Equipment, fittings, monitoring, control and automation devices should be placed at the heating point, through which the following is carried out:

transforming the type of coolant or changing its parameters;

control of coolant parameters;

accounting of thermal energy, coolant and condensate costs;

regulation of coolant flow and its distribution among heat consumption systems;

protection of local systems from emergency increases in coolant parameters;

filling and replenishing heat consumption systems;

collection, cooling, return of condensate and quality control;

thermal energy accumulation;

water treatment for hot water supply systems.

2.2.3. For enterprises with more than one heated buildings, it is mandatory to install a central heating station. At enterprises that have their own heat sources, the central heating station can be equipped at the heat source.

For each building, an ITP device is required, in which the equipment necessary for its connection to the heating network must be installed, as well as equipment that is not available (not installed) in the central heating substation.

2.2.4. Schemes for connecting thermal energy consumers to water heating networks at heating points must ensure minimum specific consumption of network water and thermal energy savings.

2.2.5 . At heating points, valves must be installed to separate the pipelines of the heating point from the heating networks, and valves at each branch from the distribution and collection manifolds.

2.2.6. At heating points of water heating networks, devices must be installed to release air from the highest points of all pipelines and to drain water from the lowest points of water and condensate pipelines.

2.2.7. On the supply pipeline at the entrance to the heating point, on the return pipeline in front of the control devices and devices for metering water and thermal energy flows, devices (mud collectors) must be installed for mechanical cleaning network water from suspended particles.

2.2.8. At heating points there should be no jumpers between the supply and return pipelines and bypass pipelines of elevators, control valves, sump tanks and devices for metering coolant flows and thermal energy.

It is allowed to install jumpers in the central heating substation between the supply and return pipelines with the obligatory installation of two sequentially located valves. Between these valves there must be a drainage device connected to the atmosphere. Under normal operating conditions, the fittings on the jumpers must be closed and sealed.

Condensate traps must have outlet pipelines with shut-off valves installed on them.

2.3.9. Water treatment to protect against corrosion and scale formation of pipelines and equipment of hot water supply systems connected to heating networks through water heaters should, as a rule, be carried out in a central heating station. At the same time, its quality must comply with GOST 2874-82 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements and quality control."

2.2.10. IN closed systems heat supply at the central heating station of the enterprise, it is allowed to install a water meter on the bypass of the return pipeline valve to control the density of the heating network.

2.2.11. Thermal units must be equipped with fittings with valves (valves), to which water supply and compressed air lines can be connected for flushing and emptying heat consumption systems. During normal operation, the water supply line from the heating unit must be disconnected.

The connection of drainage outlets to the sewer system must be made with a visible gap.

2.2.12. Heating points of steam heat consumption systems, in which the design steam pressure is lower than the pressure in the steam line, must be equipped with pressure regulators (reducing valves). After the pressure reducing valve, a safety valve must be installed on the steam line.

2.2.13. The heating point of the steam heat consumption system must be equipped with starting and operational drainage devices.

2.2.14. The central heating point of the water heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

indicating pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines before and after the inlet valves, on each supply pipeline after the valves on distribution manifold, on the suction and discharge pipes of each pump;

indicating thermometers on the common supply and return pipelines, on all return pipelines in front of the collection and return manifolds;

recording flow meters and thermometers on the supply and return pipelines;

thermal energy consumption metering devices.

2.2.15. ITP of a water heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

indicating pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines after the valves;

indicating thermometers on the supply and return pipelines after the inlet valves, on the mixed water supply pipeline after the elevator or mixing pump;

flow meters on the pipeline supplying water to the hot water supply system, and on the circulation line (in open heating systems).

In addition, the ITP of a water heat consumption system must be equipped with:

fittings for pressure gauges on the supply and return pipelines before the valves, on all branches of the supply pipeline after the valves and after the mixing device;

sleeves for thermometers on all return pipelines from individual heat-consuming systems or individual parts of these systems to valves.

2.2.16. Thermal points of the steam heat consumption system must be equipped with the following instrumentation:

recording and summing steam flow meters;

recording and indicating pressure gauges and thermometers on the inlet steam lines;

summing flow meters, indicating pressure gauges and thermometers on condensate lines;

indicating pressure gauges and thermometers before and after pressure reducing valves.

2.2.17. Heating points should be equipped with automation equipment, which should provide:

regulation of thermal energy consumption in heat consumption systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning, in technological installations);

limiting the maximum consumption of network water for consumers;

set water temperature in the hot water supply system;

required pressure in heat consumption systems when connected independently;

the specified pressure in the return pipeline or the required water pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines of heating networks;

protection of heat consumption systems from increased pressure and water temperature in case of exceeding the permissible limit parameters of the coolant;

turning on backup pumps when workers are turned off;

stopping the supply of water to the accumulator when the upper level in it is reached and stopping the collection of water from the tank when the lower level is reached;

preventing emptying of heat consumption systems.

Storage tanks

2.2.18. Accumulator tanks must be manufactured according to specially developed designs.

External reinforcing structures must be installed on all newly introduced and operated storage tanks to prevent destruction of the tanks.

2.2.19 . The working volume of storage tanks, their location on heat sources, in heating networks must comply with SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."

2.2.20. The use of standard petroleum product storage tanks to replace existing storage tanks is prohibited.

2.2.21. Anti-corrosion protection of storage tanks must be carried out in accordance with the "Guidelines for the protection of storage tanks from corrosion and from water aeration" (M., SPO "Soyuztechenergo", 1981).

2.2.22. The rooms in which storage tanks are installed must be ventilated and illuminated. The load-bearing structures of the room must be made of fireproof materials. Pallets must be provided under the tanks.

2.2.23 . Accumulator tanks must be equipped with:

water supply pipeline to the tank with a float valve. Before each float valve it is necessary to install shut-off valves;

outlet pipeline;

overflow pipe at the height of the maximum permissible water level in the tank. The capacity of the overflow pipe must be no less than the capacity of all pipes supplying water to the tank;

a discharge (drainage) pipeline connected to the bottom of the tank and to the overflow pipe, with a valve (valve) on the connected section of the pipeline;

drainage pipeline for draining water from the pan;

a circulation pipeline to maintain, if necessary, a constant temperature of hot water in the tank during breaks in its disassembly. A check valve with a gate valve (valve) must be installed on the circulation pipeline;

air (messenger) pipe. The cross-section of the conductor pipe must ensure the free flow into the tank and the free release from it of air or steam (if there is a steam cushion), excluding the formation of a rarefaction (vacuum) when pumping water from the tank and an increase in pressure above atmospheric pressure when filling it;

equipment for monitoring the water level, signaling limit levels with output of signals to a room with constant presence of personnel on duty, as well as with interlocks that should ensure: complete cessation of water supply to the tank when the maximum upper level is reached, activation of backup pumps when operating pumps are turned off , switching the main power source of equipment associated with storage tanks to a backup one when the voltage at the main source disappears;

control and measuring instruments for measuring water temperature in tanks and pressure in inlet and outlet pipelines;

thermal insulation, protected by a covering layer from exposure to atmospheric factors.

2.2.24. All pipelines, with the exception of drainage, must be connected to the vertical walls of the storage tanks with the installation of compensating devices at the design draft of the tank. Constructive decisions when connecting pipelines to the tank, they must exclude the possibility of transferring force from these pipelines to its walls and bottom.

2.2.25. The valves on the water supply pipeline to each tank and the separation valves between the tanks must be electrically driven. The electric drives of the valves must be located outside the zone of possible flooding in such a way that in the event of an accident on one of the tanks, prompt disconnection of other parallel tanks operating from it can be ensured.

2.2.26. To avoid uneven settlement of the sandy base of tanks, devices must be provided for removing surface and ground water.

2.2.27. A group of tanks or a separate tank must be fenced with an earthen rampart with a height of at least 0.5 m and a width at the top of at least 0.5 m , and a blind area should be made around the tank. In the space between the tanks and the fence, water must be drained into the sewerage system. Around tanks located outside the territory of a heat source or enterprise, a fence with a height of at least 2.5 m must be provided and prohibition signs must be installed.