home Stoves and fireplaces Terrace under the same roof as the house. Do-it-yourself veranda for the house

Terrace under the same roof as the house. Do-it-yourself veranda for the house

Many owners of private houses, wanting to increase the usable area of the building, seek to attach various structures to it. One of the most common is the open veranda. Let's look at how a terrace is made from wood - the most affordable building material in our country.

We are drawing up an extension project

Before you start building a veranda made of wood or any other materials, you should carefully study the design documentation. Which will allow you to pre-calculate everything necessary materials, decide on the shape of the future structure, and avoid possible mistakes during construction. Even if you do not have the necessary level of drawing or similar tools, we recommend making simple sketches of the future building indicating its dimensions.

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When drawing up a project, you should think through the entire sequence of work and the most optimal methods for its implementation. Similarly, you should decide on the equipment and tools necessary for building a terrace.

Stage one - laying the foundation

After determining the construction sequence, a do-it-yourself wooden veranda is built step by step. You need to start with the base of the terrace, which is a shallow strip or columnar foundation.

As a rule, both types are quite widespread when performing self-made house extensions. Let's consider the features of the data for the future terrace.

Column by column

Simple and less expensive in terms of materials and physical effort is the columnar foundation of the veranda. It consists of several separate supports of rectangular cross-section in a horizontal plane. The following materials are used for manufacturing:

red ceramic brick;
concrete foundation blocks;
concrete building blocks;
masonry sand-cement mortar.

Before installation, holes of 0.6-1 m are dug under future posts. The depth of burial under the terrace supports depends on the quality of the soil and the mass of the future structure. The bottom of the pits is filled with sand and crushed stone with intermediate compaction. A concrete pad is poured on top of the fill under the base of the terrace for leveling.

The wooden veranda should rest evenly on all elements of the foundation. To do this, the pillars are brought to a common height level. For this purpose, you can use partially cut blocks or bricks, as well as different thicknesses of joints. Once all deck supports are installed, they must be protected from moisture. In this case, ready-made bitumen mastic and roll waterproofing are used. The heads of the posts under the veranda are waterproofed in the same way.

Tape under the terrace - pros and cons

The terrace requires a lot of effort during construction. Main stages:

marking tape along the perimeter of the terrace walls;
digging a trench to a depth of at least 0.6 meters and a width of about 30 cm;
installation of formwork to lift the tape above the soil level to the timber frame of the veranda;
filling the bottom of the trench with sand and crushed stone;
production and installation of a reinforcing frame made of steel rods;
preparing a sufficient volume of concrete solution, pouring the tape to the upper edge of the formwork;
waterproofing cured tape using ready-made compounds;
backfilling the trench with soil.

As can be seen from the description of the process, the technology for installing a strip foundation under a wooden terrace is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming process, requiring higher qualifications than when installing a columnar foundation. In case of improper construction or high soil mobility, the tape can tear and bend, which will certainly affect the entire structure.

Stage two - construction of the building frame

The structure frame is installed on the finished foundation. A wooden deck can be made quickly, even if done alone. For work you will need construction timber with a cross section of 150x150 and 100x100 mm. The first beam will fit on the lower frame - the base of the veranda floor, the second - on the racks and supports for the railings.

Laying the bottom trim

We lay the timber with a section of 150x150 on a foundation for the terrace pre-lined with roofing felt. If the dimensions exceed 6 meters - the standard length of lumber in our country - you will have to splice the strapping elements. The technology for corner and longitudinal connection of timber is as follows:

Select the most even, undisturbed lumber.
At the ends, mark cuts for half the thickness of the timber. The length of the future groove is in our case 150 mm.
Saw the timber along the markings using a hand or mechanical tool - a hacksaw, circular saw or chain saw.
Connect the parts groove to groove at an angle or lengthwise.
Additionally strengthen the connection by driving in 2-3 nails No. 150.

To avoid possible displacement of the terrace frame relative to the base (this should be thought about at the stage of foundation construction), several scraps of steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 or 10 mm and a free end length of 200-250 mm are left at the top of the pillars or tape. Before laying the strapping, holes of larger diameter are drilled at the exit points of the steel rods, and the timber is laid on the pins, which are then bent flush.

After completing the timber lining of the terrace floor around the perimeter, lay several transverse beams of the same section in the same way, installing them in pre-marked and cut grooves in increments of about 1 meter, fastening them with long nails.

Installing racks

To support the roof of a wooden veranda, it is necessary to install several vertical bars at the outer corners and along the long side parallel to the wall of the house. The length of which is chosen in such a way that the height of the terrace roof from the floor is at least 2 meters, and the slope of the roof from the main building is maintained.

Connection diagram of harness and racks

If the terrace framing timber is allowed not to be planed, then the posts must be pre-planed with an electric planer. This will give them more aesthetic appearance and will simplify further finishing and processing of the veranda. The racks should be secured to the frame with self-tapping screws using reinforced steel corners. In the upper part, the ends of the beams are attached to the terrace frame, which is a frame element that serves to increase the strength of the veranda structure.

It is better to make the top trim from planed timber 100x100. Assembly is carried out on the ground in detail, after which it is installed on the ends of the racks and attached to them. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the vertical parts are perpendicular in two planes. To do this, use a plumb line or a building level.

Stage three - installation of the terrace floor

The step-by-step process of installing a wooden terrace continues with the manufacture of the extension floor. Particular attention should be paid to the correct selection of material; these are operating conditions associated with constant exposure to moisture and sudden temperature changes.

Standard batten pine or spruce is the worst thing you can choose for a veranda. If you decide to use it, you must treat the lumber twice with antiseptic compounds that protect the wood from rotting and damage by various microorganisms. Pay special attention to processing the boards from the end.

The best choice for the veranda floor is larch flooring. Its advantages:

resistant to moisture and damage by fungi, mold, insects;
has a beautiful woody structure;
lends itself well to additional treatment with protective and decorative compounds.

Instead of larch, artificial flooring material – decking – is often used for outdoor terraces.

To enhance the decorative properties of the entire product, the flooring can be laid not only traditionally along one side of the terrace, but also at an angle to them. With this method, the consumption of floorboards on the veranda will increase by 20 percent, but it is worth it. They are also carried out from the center along diagonals, which requires making precise corner cuts, which can be made on a miter circular saw.

Stage 4 - roof installation

A high-quality roof will help protect visitors to the veranda and the floor covering from rain and the heat of the sun. Its frame is made of wood, using a vertical terrace frame and a horizontal base beam fixed to the wall of the house. When constructing the veranda roof, it is necessary to provide a slope relative to the horizon of at least 15-20 o in order to avoid the accumulation of large masses of snow.

As roofing materials for terraces, both traditional metal sheets or soft roofing and less common glass or colored cellular polycarbonate are used. Thanks to the use of the latter, the roof of the veranda can have a radius or dome shape. Of course, this will require the manufacture of a more complex rafter system, but it will give the terrace a unique appearance.

Stage 5 - installation of railings, finishing

Wooden railings will help limit the internal space of the veranda and protect visitors from falling. They are made from profiled metal or planed timber. Balusters will add zest to the exterior interior.

Having completed the installation of the fence, the wood should be treated with stains, stains or oil-based paints, in other words, protected and prepared for use.

In this article we examined the issue of building a veranda, as it turned out it is not at all difficult. The main thing is to follow the recommendations and step-by-step algorithm.

At all times to people different countries I had to take shelter from weather surprises. The midday heat or sudden rain could ruin the mood or force the celebration to be moved indoors. The terrace made it possible to decorate the house with live plants and not depend on the weather. After all, in a cozy courtyard under a canopy or the roof of a terrace attached to the house, the scorching sun or rain are equally not scary.

The use of such shelters has been known since ancient Rome. Back then, the courtyards were beautifully decorated with flowers and fountains under picturesque pergolas. Spain and Australia did not stand aside. Their terraces cannot be confused with others.

The first ones are necessarily laid out in mosaics with many flowers in tubs on the ground and walls. The second ones are paved with terracotta tiles with a fountain in the middle and a huge number of decorative elements. Here you can find everything from flowers to trees and from amphorae to fruit vases.

Terraces attached to the house and their difference from verandas

They represent any flooring made on a prepared base. The extension of the terrace to the house is done at the floor level of the first floor. It has no walls, but only a low balustrade, which has a rather decorative and restrictive function.

As for the canopy, the open terrace to the house may not have one at all or cover only part of its area. Construction options are acceptable when the roof is erected over the entire site attached to a private house.

The veranda is essentially an enclosed terrace. That is, the same building, only with walls that protect from wind and rain. In essence, it becomes an unheated room attached to the dacha. But it plays the same role: it welcomes guests and relaxes.

How to choose a place to build a terrace for your house?

If it combines the functions of a veranda or porch, it should be attached to the side of the house where the front door is located. Then the terrace can also become a porch and a relaxation area (it all depends on the size of the extension).

Sometimes you can see a house with a terrace and veranda. Then the latter ends up in the place of the porch, and the first is built along the wall that borders the kitchen or dining room. Then from them it is necessary to provide a direct exit to open area for ease of movement.

The option of placing the terrace along several walls of the dacha is not excluded. Then it smoothly flows from the porch into the recreation area or barbecue. Sometimes the terrace even covers the entire perimeter of a private house.

How to make a terrace for a house: size and material

If it is only a platform that replaces a porch, it should allow two adults to pass each other. This will require a width of 120 cm.

For a terrace on which a table for six will be placed, you will need to allocate a space of 4 square meters. After all, in addition to the table, there will be chairs with other pieces of furniture. When you want to leave enough space to move past the table and place a garden sofa, then the area of the terrace should not be less than 7 and a half square meters.

The question is the shape that the terrace will have wooden house, depends on the canopy or roof. And they most often have straight lines. Therefore, the floor of the terrace is square or rectangular. But it may not be all covered from above.

Therefore, the boundaries of the site can be made in a completely arbitrary shape. Here there are broken lines or rounded ones, which are dictated by the architecture of the house or the landscape of the site.

The style of the house also determines the material that will be indispensable in the design of the extension. So close brick house A wooden terrace with brick or stone columns will look harmonious. Only wood can be used to make a terrace attached to a wooden house.

But the glazed extension is universal, that is, it will be combined with both wooden dacha, and with a brick house or stone estate. For the last two options, you can choose a terrace with forged elements.

To make terrace flooring, you can use a special board. In addition, the following floor design options are acceptable:

concrete or asphalt surface;
paving or clinker slabs;
gravel or natural stone;
rubber tile.

Country house with a terrace: should the two buildings be connected?

Immediately after the construction of a house, natural processes occur that lead to the building sagging. The amount of shrinkage gradually becomes smaller and soon stops. Since the house and the terrace have different weights, the amount and rate of shrinkage will be different. If they are tightly coupled, this will lead to the destruction of one of the buildings.

Typically, a one-story house with a terrace is built on separate foundations. Moreover, the depth and strength of the foundation for them can differ significantly. How to choose the right foundation, read this article http://domdir.ru/kakoi-fundament-vybrat/. To make the structures look like a single whole, they are fastened using dilatation sutures. This way it is possible to achieve a free displacement of the terrace relative to the dacha.

How to build a terrace for a house: the issue of foundation

You need to start by laying it to an amount greater than the freezing depth of the soil. This will avoid unexpected movement of the terrace after the spring melting of ice.

Since the extension consists mainly of a deck and a few supports for a canopy, a simple columnar foundation will support it. It can be made of concrete. To do this, you need to dig a hole to the required depth. Pour a cushion into it from the following layers: crushed stone, sand, gravel. It is necessary to make formwork from the boards in the shape of the foundation pillars and fill them with concrete mixture.

If necessary, these pillars can be extended using brickwork. During the construction of the foundation, do not forget about the reinforcement of all surfaces.

Now all that remains is to lay the frame for the open flooring on this foundation. Lay the floor and install fences. If there is a canopy over the terrace, then vertical supports will need to be secured to the frame.

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If you decide that your house or dacha lacks a veranda, then you can always complete it. But first ask yourself: why do you need an additional extension? If it’s purely for relaxation amidst nature, then it makes sense to get by open terrace or a gazebo. The veranda is erected to increase the thermal insulation of the house, because it plays the role of a vestibule between the street and the front door, blocking the direct entry of cold masses into the premises. The secondary function of the extension - to be a place of rest - will only be fulfilled if the room is spacious and insulated. Then in winter you can sit with a cup of tea, contemplating the winter landscapes. Let's try to figure out how best to attach a veranda to the house so that it is warm in winter and maximum air in summer.

Since the veranda will become part of the main building, its style should match the design of the house itself. It is recommended to use the same materials that make up the walls and roof of the house so that the structure looks harmonious.

If modern materials are used in the decoration of the house, then a glass veranda looks quite appropriate

You can also combine materials, connecting the house and the veranda with the help of finishing. For example, if the house is brick, keep the same roof covering, and make the walls of the veranda from blocks, but do the exterior finishing decorative plaster and use it to finish the foundation of the main building. To wooden country house It’s definitely worth adding a wooden veranda.

WITH best ideas for decorating a veranda, you can read the material:

The wooden house and the veranda look like a single ensemble

Planning and legalization of the project

The veranda is always built to cover the front door. Therefore, already finished house you won't be able to place it on the side you want. Without an entrance inside, this room will be cut off from the house, and you will have to carry food and tea into it from the kitchen across the street.

The owners themselves come up with the dimensions of the veranda, taking into account the number of people who could relax in it at the same time. For the needs of a family of 5-6 people, a building of 3x4 m is sufficient. But here it is worth taking into account general form from the street. If you plan a small veranda, and the dacha itself is two-story, then it’s unlikely that your architectural ensemble will look harmonious. But for small houses you can just add a veranda along the entire width of the building wall. This will increase the usable area, and from the outside it looks quite decent.

But regardless of the size, you will have to officially legalize the construction. And not after construction, but before! When you come up with a veranda design and figure out its general appearance, go to a special department that deals with building design and order a veranda project. After its manufacture, you need to go to the city's architectural department to obtain a building permit and make changes to the house design. Why is it important to do this in advance? It takes about 2 months for the design and approval, so it is better if they happen in the winter, when the construction season has not yet begun.

Marking and layout of the site

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare the site. To do this, remove the fertile layer (about 15 cm) and take it to the garden or flower beds. The site is leveled and the layout begins. According to the dimensions specified in the project, the boundaries of the future veranda are marked. To do this, drive iron pins or wooden pegs into the corners of the building and string the twine tightly around the perimeter.

The outer edge of the layout should coincide with the dimensions of the veranda, and the inner edge should be set back to the width of the foundation

Creating a foundation: pouring rules

Most often in Russia, a strip or column foundation is made for a veranda attached to a house, equal in depth to the foundation of the main building. At the same time, it is recommended not to tie them into one monolith, because the house and the veranda have different weights, and therefore different degrees of shrinkage. And to prevent a heavy building from dragging down a light building, place the veranda on a separate base. To do this, a gap of up to 4 cm is left between the foundation of the house and the veranda.

Attention! When creating the foundation You should take into account the soil characteristics in your area and the total weight of the building. Lightweight foundations heaving soils they can “play”, and then the veranda will move away from the wall of the main building. In addition, they are not designed for heavy walls, for example, made of brick, and can shrink under their pressure.

It is used for the construction of large verandas made of bricks or blocks, which are covered with a heavy roof (slate, metal tiles, etc.). The easiest way to build a strip foundation for a veranda to a house is from concrete.

On strip foundation the heaviest veranda can withstand

For this:

A trench is dug (calculate the dimensions according to the foundation of the house).
The formwork is placed at a height equal to the height of the future foundation (or slightly higher). It is made from boards, knocked down into shields.
Concrete is prepared in the following proportions: 1 part cement, 3 parts sand and 6 parts crushed stone.
The first layer of concrete is poured onto the bottom and reinforced with stones to make it about 10 cm.
Next, pour in the next portion, add stones again, etc.
For the top layer of concrete, stones are not used, but the surface is leveled with a trowel and left until it hardens (3-4 days).
If it’s hot, then water it a couple of times a day to avoid cracking of the foundation.

If the veranda is frame or wooden, then you can put it on a columnar foundation. To protect against soil heaving, dig holes to a depth below the freezing point of the soil in your area (more than a meter). For a small and light veranda, it is enough to place posts only in the corners. For a large one, it is worth making a series of intermediate columns with a step of 50-60 cm between them.

A columnar foundation can be made of concrete, blocks or red bricks

Work progress:

Holes are dug.
The bottom of each of them is covered with a 20-centimeter layer of sand.
Pour concrete to the surface of the ground and wait for it to dry.
Coat the finished post with bitumen and fill the gaps between it and the ground with sand.
The above-ground part of the column is created from brick or block masonry, bringing it to the height of the main foundation or slightly lower. Make sure that there is about 30 cm left to the finished floor of the veranda.

Installation of subfloors

Work order:

We fill the underground space with expanded clay for insulation.
We cover the foundation with a double layer of roofing material (both strip and columnar).
We fix the logs to the foundation, having coated them with an antiseptic in advance.
We lay edged boards (thickness 5 cm).

The logs are pre-impregnated with an antiseptic composition

You can also make a concrete floor, but in this case you will have to carry out additional thermal insulation work, because the base will draw cold from the ground, and the floor on the veranda will be constantly cold.

Construction of a wooden veranda frame

Let's look at how to build a veranda made of wood. To do this, install a frame of beams measuring 10x10 cm. Work procedure:

The beams for the bottom trim are placed on the finished subfloor, connecting at the corners with a “straight lock”.
Cut grooves for vertical posts every half meter in the beams.
Place the racks, securing them with nails and staples.
A beam for the top trim is attached to the racks on top.
Near the slope of the roof of the house, a girder is nailed on which the rafters will lie. It must be taken onto the anchor bolts (and all the posts adjacent to the building).
The rafter system is being installed.
All wood is treated with an antiseptic.

Material on the construction of a veranda at a frame-type dacha will also be useful:

The beams for the bottom trim are laid on a foundation waterproofed with roofing felt.

The rafter system is attached to the beams of the upper frame

Design features of the roofing pie

Most often, roofs are made pitched. Moreover, they are more sloping than the roofs on the house. Creating a roofing pie on the veranda is carried out according to the same scheme as installing the roof of a regular house.

Continuous or intermittent sheathing is placed on the rafters, depending on the roofing covering

Only if you have an attic-type house, then you made a vapor barrier with one of the layers. In the veranda, vapor barrier is not needed, because the under-roof space will not be used. In addition, with high-quality insulation of walls and floors, a vapor barrier layer is contraindicated. After all, a couple needs to leave the room somewhere. And it will seep through the ceiling into the attic, and from there it will evaporate outside. To do this, it is worth laying a special super-diffusion membrane as a waterproofing layer, which does not let moisture in from the outside, but steam can pass freely from the inside. True, for steel and metal coatings it is not used because they can rust from condensation. For metal tiles, a special condensate film is purchased.

The superdiffusion membrane consists of microscopic pores that resemble funnels

Wall cladding and window installation

After creating the subfloors, you can sew up the frame, leaving openings for windows and doors. For this:

In the locations of the windows we install a window sill board, which should be approximately half a meter from the floor. We fix the board to the vertical posts.
We sew up the frame with materials that will retain heat and match the main building. On the inside it can be plywood, and on top of it - lining, on the outside - or wood. But it is necessary to lay a layer of insulation and a waterproofing film between them (on both sides of the insulation) so that moisture from the street and steam from inside do not penetrate into it. Don't forget to leave window openings.

After you have made the frame of the veranda to the house, insert windows and doors.

When installing vertical racks, take a step between them equal to the width of the windows

It is better to sew up the walls on both sides, laying insulation inside

Also, it is necessary to pay attention that the door should not be located opposite the internal door leading into the house. Otherwise, drafts cannot be avoided. It is best to do it from the end, so that the cold air that flies in when opening does not find its way into the living quarters.

Features of creating a brick or block veranda

If the veranda is attached to brick house, then it is logical that its walls are made of brick or blocks, ennobling them with decorative plasters.

A brick veranda must have a solid foundation, as the construction will be heavy

Installation tips:

It is better to place the extension on a strip foundation.
Only undertake masonry work yourself if you have construction skills.
Since the building will not be large, a half-brick masonry will suffice, and lay out the inside in blocks.
Fill the voids with expanded clay.
Such a veranda is finished with plasterboard or plastered, and then painted.

Pay special attention to the insulation of each structural element. Even those owners who first install an uninsulated veranda, after a couple of seasons look for ways to make it warmer. Because freezing corners and frosted doors are not very pleasing to the eye. And in Russia, harsh winters are not uncommon.

By building a veranda, you can make your home more beautiful and unique, as well as expand its usable area. But how to build it? The easiest way is to add a veranda to the housing project before construction begins - in this case, it will have a common foundation with the house and will be stronger.

However, if such an opportunity was missed, do not be upset, since it is absolutely possible to attach a veranda to the house after its construction is completed - you just need to study the technology of work and learn all the subtleties of the process. How to build a veranda correctly?

Veranda design

The first stage of any construction is the creation of a project; This stage is also important when constructing such a relatively simple structure as a terrace. Compose detailed plan construction can be done independently using various software. However, if you don't have special education, it is better to contact the design office for professional help.

Plan of walls and partitions of the first floor

Design can be divided into several separate stages.

Choosing a veranda type

A veranda attached to the house can have the most different type. All similar designs can be divided into two types:

You can choose any option - the main thing is that the terrace fits organically into the overall exterior of the house and becomes its logical continuation.

Thematic material:

The form of construction also varies. The simplest and most affordable option is a regular rectangular veranda. A rounded, curved design will be more complex. You can also add polygonal terraces to the house, running along one or several walls or even forming a whole belt around the entire house. It is not at all necessary to build a veranda around front door, although this seems to be the most obvious solution.

Material selection

As a rule, the veranda is built from the same material from which the house is made: it is better to attach a veranda made of logs or timber to a brick building or a wooden house. However, you should not rely on design compliance alone. Another important criterion when working is how difficult the construction of the veranda will be.

The easiest way to build - an object made from it can be easily processed, the material allows you to easily implement many design ideas. You can also simply and inexpensively create a structure from modern materials: WPC, PVC, polycarbonate. To attach a concrete or metal veranda to a house, you will most likely need the help of specialists in various fields.

Construction site analysis

One of the most important tasks when designing a terrace is studying the technical nuances and bringing the characteristics of the future building into line with the conditions of the area. Several factors will affect the quality and durability of the structure:

soil type;
the condition of the building wall to which the veranda is planned to be attached;
climatic conditions in the region.

The maximum mass of the terrace, the complexity of the foundation, the need for insulation, and much more depend on these parameters.

Documents receiving

This point is very easy to lose sight of if all the work on building a terrace from start to finish is done independently. The veranda design and other technical documentation will help you obtain permission to change the design and technical certificate of the house. By law, construction approval is required by the following authorities:

local government;
fire safety authorities;
sanitary and epidemiological station.

It seems that since the built house and land are your property, you are free to do whatever you want with them - including adding a terrace. However, without all the permits and a documented project, the terrace will be legally considered an illegal extension to the house. This will make it impossible to sell the object, donate it, or exchange it; It will also be impossible to get a bank loan using the house as collateral.

Construction of the foundation

Once the project is completed and all permits have been obtained, the actual construction work can begin. And their first part is the construction of a high-quality and reliable foundation. How to do this part of the building correctly?

The main requirement is this: the base of a closed or open veranda attached to a private house must correspond in its technical characteristics to the foundation of the main building.

First of all, its depth should be the same. If this requirement is not met, when the air temperature drops due to uneven deformation of materials, parts of the house will separate, and a gap will appear between the terrace and the wall.

Attaching a new foundation to an old one is done in different ways, depending on how long ago the house was built.
A new house is usually in the process of shrinking, so a rigid connection will lead to the destruction of a less durable structure - most likely it will be a terrace. In this case, the veranda is built using the tongue-and-groove method - it will slide around the house as if on rails, and the difference in shrinkage rates will not harm the structure in any way. If the house has been standing for a long time and the shrinkage has completed, a rigid connection of the terrace to it is allowed. In this case, a gasket made of waterproofing material

(for example, roofing felt) and treatment of the joint with polyurethane foam.

It will not be possible to make the foundation unified if the terrace was not conceived at the design stage of the house, but nevertheless, you should try to combine the bases of the veranda and the house as efficiently as possible.

Formation of flooring

Whether the planned veranda is closed or its main attribute is complete openness, in any case the floor of the terrace must be durable, warm and protected from destruction.

Most often, even if the rest of the veranda is made of concrete or brick, the floor is made of wood. This is due to both the practical and aesthetic properties of this material:

wood prevents heat from escaping into the ground;
it is durable;
wood is completely safe for health;
such a floor practically does not require decorative treatment, since the material itself is very beautiful - you just need to cover it with a layer of varnish to protect it from damage.

The floor on the finished foundation is built in the following order.

All wooden elements verandas must be treated with antiseptic and antibacterial impregnations.

This will protect the terrace floor from rotting, damage by fungi and other microorganisms, significantly extending its service life.

Walling

Walls, unlike the floor, are an optional attribute of attached verandas. Instead of them, it is quite possible to build a regular one. The veranda may not have any fencing at all - some projects for adding a veranda to the house involve the use of plants and hedges as a fence. If you plan to make full-fledged railings, walls and roofing, the next stage after the formation of the floor will be the construction of the frame.

A lightweight wooden frame is made like this.
Along the perimeter of the floor, beams are laid, connected to each other with a direct lock. Grooves should be made on them for attaching the racks in increments of about 50 cm.
The racks are fixed in the grooves using metal brackets.
The top of the racks is tied with timber.

We make rafters for the roof.

A lightweight metal frame is erected in a similar way. If the foundation allows, the frame can be made of concrete or brick. The thickness of the load-bearing structural elements may differ from the characteristics of the walls of the main house. Roof supports must be at least 1.5 bricks thick, fence posts must be 125 mm thick.

Terrace walls can be finished using a variety of materials:
wooden or plastic lining;
metal siding;
beam;

decorative brick and much more. The main thing is compliance and appearance

The walls of the veranda must be connected to the wall of the house in the same way as the foundations of the structures. For this purpose, steel embedded elements are used. They are fixed in the main wall using deep holes, and in the wall structures of the terrace they are laid at the construction stage and secured with cement-sand mortar.

If the veranda is made open, railings are erected instead of walls. They can also be made from wood, metal, WPC, brick or concrete. This type of fence consists of posts, balusters and railings.

Roofing

The roof of the terrace can be removable, but it is better to securely fasten it to the frame if you plan to build a durable veranda. Like the floor, the main part of the roof is made of wood. The reliability and durability of the structure depend on how accurately the construction technology is followed.

The main terrace is a rafter system consisting of wooden beams and sheathing made of boards. The purpose of this system is to hold the roofing material in place and withstand external influences - for example, precipitation pressure. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the rafters.

First of all, the rafters are treated with antiseptic agents. Next, the following work is done.

After all the main elements of the veranda have been completed, all that remains is to make a few finishing touches - do the interior decoration, carry out electrical wiring and, if necessary, heating, and install lounge furniture.

Listed construction works- just a basic part of the technology that any veranda extension requires. The remaining elements - stairs, decorative elements - are made in accordance with the project. Having built the main parts of the terrace, you can probably easily cope with the additional ones.

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A veranda in a private house is a covered terrace, which is often added to the house with your own hands. It is located along the main wall and is a room without heating, for a pleasant pastime in the summer season. You can often find modern terraces with glazing; you can stay in them in any weather. When making it with your own hands, it is necessary to observe the general ensemble of the country house or country house, maintain a uniform style and use the same materials in construction.

IN country house It’s better to make a summer one from logs log-shaped terrace located next to the main building. The construction of a veranda in wooden log houses is often carried out together with the construction of the main house and its roof smoothly transitions into the roof of the extension, which has a wall adjacent to the house; a single roofing material is used. In this article we will go through step by step the main points of building two types of terraces: open or closed, with our own hands.

General provisions for constructing a veranda

Modern construction country houses, country cottages, at the design stage they provide for the construction of a veranda for the house. In order to save money, customers remove the process of constructing extensions in order to further complete it with their own hands. Let's consider the main points that you need to pay attention to from the generalized experience of building terraces yourself.

Parameters by which verandas differ:

How is it located in relation to the house: corner construction, at the end or along the facade of the house.
Degree of protection: open or closed (glazed) extension. Using modern materials, you can turn a closed veranda into an open one; this is achieved with sliding doors.
What type of construction is it made of: built-in - a common foundation with the house or attached - its own foundation.
Construction shape: rectangle, semicircle, polygon.

Veranda project

We must not forget, when designing an extension to a house, that its purpose is to improve the performance of the main structure: make it spacious, add beauty, comfort. A closed terrace also has the function of improving the thermal performance of the house. For the correct construction of the summer extension structure, you must follow the rules that are indicated in the developed project.

What does the project consist of:

We determine where in the main house we will add a veranda. The main aspect is maintaining the aesthetic perception of the entire architecture of your own home together with the veranda. Important! Experts recommend setting up a veranda in regions with high summer temperatures on the western or eastern side of the main house. It will be less exposed to direct sunlight.
It is necessary to indicate the location of the entrance to the terrace (veranda). The entrance from the outside and the entrance from the house are indicated. You can make a through passage through the veranda when the door to the house is opposite the entrance to the veranda; this method is not recommended, as there is a risk of drafts.
We select the type of doors and their installation location.
We determine the total size of the summer room located along the house. The length is often taken equal to the length of the wall along which the veranda is built. The width is usually taken in the range from 3 meters to 7 meters, the main thing is to maintain the proportion. When choosing the dimensions of the veranda, we relate them to the overall dimensions of the house in order to maintain a single ensemble of the exterior of the building.

A good example of building a veranda with your own hands, when the design is done at the design stage of the entire house.

Let's go through step-by-step construction of a veranda in a wooden house with our own hands. It should be noted that an extension to the house can only begin after it has completely settled. Log houses, or those made of timber, are actively shrinking over the course of three years; during this period it is better not to build an extension, otherwise the walls may warp. For those who don't want to wait, experienced builders recommend building a transitional porch structure with the house that allows the frame to play.

How to start construction?

Home reconstruction must be reflected in permitting documents. To obtain these permits, you must contact the regional architecture department and submit the following documents:

The right to own a plot of land (the land on which the house stands).
Design documentation of the main structure.
Written consent of all registered residents in the house for reconstruction and extension of the veranda.
Application from the developer for registration of an extension.

It is advisable to start drawing up documents for a construction permit 3-4 months before the start of work. From the general experience of private developers, this is a lengthy procedure.

You can build an extension without permits, but in this case problems may arise when the house becomes an inheritance or you want to sell it. The reason is the change in the total area of the house, since the veranda is part of it, and the total area of the residential building is taken into account with it. The BTI department may consider this as an unauthorized decision to increase the area for housing. This is especially true when the terrace is closed and heated.

There is no need to get carried away and make deviations in the dimensions of the terrace, which are indicated in the project. A simple check will easily reveal this, and a fine will follow with adjustments to the documentation. For what unauthorized developers can expect to add verandas to the house specified in the law of the Russian Federation.

Preparing for construction, choosing material

After determining the construction site of the veranda, it must be prepared. The construction site begins along the selected wall, so before starting all work you need to:

What tools and materials will we need?

When making a wooden extension with your own hands, Tool you will need:

Having construction skills you need: a hacksaw, an ax.
Power tools: sledgehammer, hammer.
Marking: tape measure, plumb line, level, marking cord, corner.
For the foundation: shovel

If a metal frame is being made, a welding unit and a grinder with a disk for cutting metal are additionally prepared. This type of frame is considered the most economical for building an extension.

It will look better brick veranda or wooden. Important! Make sure that the materials of the extension and the main house match.

A wooden summer extension requires the following material:

Lumber: beams, logs, boards, slats.
Elements of wooden fasteners.
Mixtures that perform protective functions for wood.
Construction material: crushed stone, concrete.
You will need drying oil and roofing felt.
Choosing the material for the roof of the veranda.
Window and door systems.

In the design of an additional room for summer recreation, using metal corners, instead wooden materials metal profile is used, compositions for metal processing.

For a better view, you can make an extension (walls and roof) from polycarbonate, the panorama will be complete and clear. The positive properties of this material include the ability to retain heat well; it can be used for walls and roofs.

Advice! Materials that will be used in construction and require pre-treatment, must undergo this process prior to construction.

The first thing you need to do is determine the type of foundation for your veranda. A popular type is columnar foundation, since it is not tied to the foundation of capital construction (house). If the veranda is being built for a long time and thoroughly, it needs a strip foundation.

Before making a foundation, you need to refer to the house construction documents, which indicate what soil it stands on; you can choose from this type of foundation for an extension. Parameters to pay attention to:

What is the soil's ability to absorb moisture?
What is the composition of the soil at the site where the veranda is being built?
To what depth does the soil freeze in the region where you live?
How close to the surface is groundwater?
General provisions for soil stability.

When choosing the type of foundation for a veranda, we pay attention to the foundation of the main building, its design, and what condition it is in load-bearing walls. After choosing the foundation, it is done marking on the soil for further work.

Advice! A small wooden veranda will stand quite well on a columnar foundation at the corners of the extension. For wide and long verandas, the installation of pillars is used at intervals of 600 millimeters along the length and width of the extension.

Columnar foundation, how to make it?

The foundation (foundation) for an extension is just as important as for the main house; it must be made of high-quality material. Work order:

We dig holes for the pillars to a depth of at least 100 centimeters; its depth cannot be less than the depth of the foundation under the main building. The level of soil freezing is taken into account; the hole should be deeper than this level.
At the bottom of the dug holes we make a cushion, this is a mixture of sand and crushed stone. The pillow can be made in layers, sand, crushed stone.
Fill the pillow with concrete.
We lay out support columns from brick when the main house is brick. If the main house is made of wood, posts are used wooden beam. Metal supports or asbestos pipes used in columnar foundations for a frame veranda.

The veranda looks beautiful when it is on the 2nd floor level of the house. In this case, the ground part of the extension support is laid out at the level of the main foundation under the house. When a house with a high base is recommended, the veranda should be built according to its level.

Making a strip foundation

It is used if a heavy veranda with glazing is planned. To equip it, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the future veranda and formwork is installed. It is placed a little higher than it is planned to fill the foundation with concrete.

After pouring the foundation with concrete, it is periodically moistened with water until it is completely formed; this is necessary for uniform hardening of the foundation.

Making a veranda frame

For wooden house The frame of the veranda begins with laying the timber on supports in the lower frame. In the corners we use a “dovetail” for cuts, it’s better this way join timber at corners. For reliability, nails are used; dowel fastening is possible.

Timber for a wooden veranda is used with a cross-section: 100x100 or 180x80 millimeters. When logs are used in the harness, their cross-section should not be larger than 120 millimeters. The supports near the wall are made higher than the rest to form pitched roof. When the frame is mounted, horizontally installed beams are the basis for the window sill, if glazing is provided. The top trim completes the installation of the veranda frame; it is the basis for the rafters and creates rigidity for the entire system.

Temporary spacers must be used to avoid distortion in the frame structure.

Veranda roof

Once they have decided on the material for covering the roof, they begin to install the sheathing on the rafters, which are attached to the top trim.

Structurally for verandas we offer the following types of roofing:

Single pitch roof. This simple design, easy to do. Requires a slope from the main wall of the house towards the street.
Gable roof. It is used if the veranda is attached to the end of the house with a narrow side.
Polygonal roof. Its design is varied, the main thing is to maintain a slope for water drainage.

The rafter system is installed based on the selected material:

Lathing for metal tiles, slate and ondulin
Solid decking is made for flexible roofing materials.

Making the floor with your own hands is simple:

We install the logs on the lower frame of the veranda structure. The distance between the lags is no more than 100 centimeters. We install them perpendicular to the floorboard.
We cover the logs, checked by level with a floorboard.

If you plan to build open veranda, many agree on installing a floor with a slight slope to allow water to drain. The board is fastened with self-tapping screws, the length of which is twice the width of the board. It is necessary to impregnate the floorboards with a solution that resists the creation of fungal deposits.

Conclusion

Some finishing elements can be carved in a wooden veranda. Great importance The arrangement of furniture on the terrace plays a role, this will create the interior and add coziness. Flowers and plants will enliven the room and give the feeling of an extension of the residential building.