A message on the topic of flowering plants. Structure of a plant flower
We can safely say that all representatives of humanity love flowers. Some people like to receive them as a gift, while others like to grow them on a windowsill or on summer cottage. Therefore, everyone, without exception, will be interested in learning some amazing facts about flowers. And in this article you will learn a lot of useful and little-known information.
TOP 1 most interesting facts about flowers
Here are ten interesting facts:
- Flowers “firebird” or also called “crane” are really very reminiscent of birds in their shape. They grow up to ten centimeters tall. They bloom in autumn or spring and continue to bloom for about several weeks.
Firebirds have no smell. But there is a lot of nectar that flows down the edges of the flowers.
- An interesting fact is related to meadow flowers. The flowers of this plant always look down. This position helps protect pollen and nectar from rain. Fruit boxes have the same arrangement. In dry weather, seeds fall out of the boxes through holes. But as soon as it rains, the holes close immediately, thus the bell protects the seeds from moisture.
- - one of the first flowers that delight people in early spring. There was a time when tulips were extremely rare and expensive. One bulb cost about two thousand dollars. Nowadays there are a huge number of tulips of different colors and shapes.. Even a black species was developed. Tulips growing in nature are wild. They have single flowers. . They bloom in spring, when there is still enough moisture. The interesting thing is that as soon as the heat sets in, it withers and the leaves dry out. However, the bulb continues to live underground. In the fall it forms a new root system, and in the early vein it blooms again. It turns out that the stem and leaves of a tulip are annual, while the bulb lives up to 2-2.5 years. It is a fast growing plant. In one day he grows two centimeters.
- Risentella is an Australian orchid. It is interesting because it blooms and reproduces underground. It has no leaves. The inflorescence is racemose. It contains many small, fragrant flowers. One risentella can reproduce up to 250 seeds. At the very end of flowering it appears on the surface of the earth. Then a fruit forms in place of the flowers.
Risentella subterranean Meadow bells Peony Chinese Mountain edelweiss
- Victoria regia is the largest water lily in the world. The plant can reach up to 2 meters in diameter and withstand weight up to 50 kilograms. The lower part of the Victoria regia leaf is covered with sharp thorns. They are necessary for the plant to protect itself from fish. This unusual plant is found on the Amazon River, in South America. The water lily is named after Queen Victoria. An interesting fact is that the plant can change its color. The plant blooms every other night and each time the flowers can be of different colors: light pink, white, or red.
- received its name thanks to the legendary doctor Pionovi. He treated and healed gods and people from wounds received in wars. In China, the peony is the national flower. It is believed to have magical properties. Peony is believed to ward off evil spirits.
- Arabidopsis is the first plant to flower and produce seeds in space in the absence of gravity. The plant lives only forty days.
- and butterwort - plants that are predators. The leaves of such plants are covered with sticky mucus. Mucus usually looks like dew. Insects stick to the leaf. Thus, the plant begins to eat it. The process of absorption and digestion is underway. The butterwort digests food within a day, while the sundew takes several days to do this.
- – the plant is interesting because it is popularly called the “Alpine star”. The small flowers are very similar to pearls or stars. Edelweiss is a talisman of love. Only brave and strong climbers in hard-to-reach places in the mountains can see it. They say that edelweiss is the tears that a beautiful fairy living in the Alpine mountains shed because of unrequited love.
- Daisies were highly revered in ancient times. They decorated the cups from which they drank wine in honor of the arrival of spring. Daisy translated from Greek means “pearl”. She is a symbol of love and brave knights. – the first flower that greets the sun at sunrise.
Conclusion
Flowers, in addition to their decorative function, can play an important role in medicine or even in preparing delicious dishes. An interesting fact is that decorative flowers are often poisonous.
For example, such a delphinium poses a mortal danger to humans. Under no circumstances should you taste its young leaves, seeds or blue bells.
There are a huge number of all kinds of plants on our planet, and when you see them, you can only wonder how nature could come up with something like that. An incredible number of species and subspecies of plants, many of which are striking in their qualities - from survival and adaptability, to color and size. In this ranking of the most unusual plants we will show the full scope of natural creativity.
14
Romanesco is one of the cultivated varieties of cabbage, belonging to the same varietal group as cauliflower. According to some reports, it is a hybrid of cauliflower and broccoli. This type of cabbage has long been grown in the vicinity of Rome. According to some sources, it was first mentioned in historical documents in Italy in the sixteenth century. The vegetable appeared on international markets in the 90s of the 20th century. Compared to cauliflower and broccoli, Romanesco is more delicate in texture and has a milder, creamier, nuttier flavor without a bitter note.
13
Euphorbia obese is a perennial succulent plant in the family Euphorbiaceae that resembles a rock or green-brown football in appearance, without spines or leaves, but sometimes forms “branches” or suckers in the form of strange-looking sets of spheres. It can grow up to 20-30 cm in height and up to 9-10 cm in diameter. Milkweed is a bisexual plant, with male flowers on one plant and female flowers on the other. For fruit set, cross-pollination is necessary, which is usually done.
The fruit looks like a slightly triangular three-nut, up to 7 mm in diameter, containing one seed in each nest. When ripe, it explodes and scatters small, round, speckled-gray seeds 2 millimeters in diameter, the pedicels fall off after scattering the seeds. They grow at an altitude of 300-900 meters above sea level in the small region of Kendreu, in the Great Karoo, in rocky and hilly terrain , in bright sun or partial shade. The plants are very well hidden among the stones, their colors blend with environment so good that sometimes they are hard to notice.
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Takka is a plant of the Takkov family, growing in a wide variety of environmental conditions and numbering 10 species. They live in open and heavily shaded areas, in savannas, bush thickets and rain forests. Young parts of plants, as a rule, are covered with tiny hairs, which disappear as they grow older. The size of the plants is usually small, from 40 to 100 centimeters, but some species sometimes reach a height of 3 meters. Although taka is becoming increasingly widespread as indoor plant, it should be borne in mind that it is not easy to successfully maintain taka in rooms due to the special demands of the plant on the conditions of its maintenance. The Tacaceae family is represented by one genus, Takka, which has about 10 plant species.
— Takka pinnately grows in tropical Asia, Australia, and the tropics of Africa. Leaves are up to 40-60 cm wide, from 70 cm to 3 meters long. A flower with two spathes, large, reaching 20 cm in width; the color of the spathe is light green.
— Takka Chantrier grows in the tropical forests of southeast Asia. Evergreen tropical, herbaceous plant, reaching 90-120 cm in height. The flowers are framed by dark burgundy, almost black, bracts similar to the wingspan of a bat or butterfly with long, thread-like antennae.
— Takka allifolia grows in India. The leaves are wide, glossy, up to 35 cm wide, up to 70 cm long. A flower with two spathes, large, reaching 20 cm in width, the color of the spathe is white, purple strokes are scattered across the white tone. The flowers are black, purple or dark purple, located under the covers.
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Venus flytrap - species carnivorous plants from the monotypic genus Dionea of the Sundew family. It is a small herbaceous plant with a rosette of 4-7 leaves that grow from a short underground stem. Leaves range in size from three to seven centimeters, depending on the time of year, long trap leaves usually form after flowering. It feeds on insects and spiders. It grows in a humid temperate climate on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It is a species cultivated in ornamental gardening. Can be grown as a houseplant. Grows in soils lacking nitrogen, such as swamps. Lack of nitrogen causes traps to appear: insects serve as a source of nitrogen necessary for protein synthesis. The Venus flytrap belongs to a small group of plants capable of rapid movements.
Once the prey is trapped, the edges of the sheets close together, forming a “stomach” in which the digestion process takes place. Digestion is catalyzed by enzymes secreted by glands in the lobes. Digestion takes approximately 10 days, after which all that remains of the prey is an empty chitinous shell. After this, the trap opens and is ready to catch new prey. During the life of the trap, an average of three insects fall into it.
10
Dragon tree is a plant of the genus Dracaena, native to the tropics and subtropics of Africa and the islands of Southeast Asia. Grown as an ornamental plant. An old Indian legend tells that long ago, in the Arabian Sea on the island of Socotra, there lived a bloodthirsty dragon who attacked elephants and drank their blood. But one day an old and strong elephant fell on the dragon and crushed it. Their blood mixed and wet the ground around them. In this place, trees grew called dracaenas, which means “female dragon.” Indigenous people The Canary Islands considered the tree sacred, and its resin was used in medicinal purposes. The resin was discovered in prehistoric burial caves and was used for embalming at the time.
Bunches of very sharp leaves grow on its thick branches. A thick branched trunk up to 20 meters high, a diameter at the base up to 4 m, and has secondary growth in thickness. Each branching branch ends in a dense bunch of densely arranged grayish-green, leathery, linear-xiphoid leaves 45-60 centimeters long and 2-4 centimeters wide in the middle of the plate, somewhat tapering towards the base and pointed towards the apex, with prominent veins. The flowers are large, bisexual, with a corolla-shaped, separate-leaved perianth, in bunches of 4-8 pieces. Some trees live up to 7-9 thousand years.
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The Gidnor genus includes 5 species growing in the tropical regions of Africa, Arabia and Madagascar, it is not very common, so you won’t find it just walking through the desert. This plant looks more like a mushroom until it unusual flower will not open. In fact, the flower is named after the mushroom hydnor, which means mushroom in Greek. Hydnoraceae flowers are quite large, solitary, almost sessile, bisexual, petalless. And what we usually see on the surface of the soil is what we call a flower.
These features of color and structure, as well as the putrid smell of flowers, serve to attract beetles that feed on carrion. Beetles, climbing into flowers, crawl into them, especially in their lower part, where the reproductive organs are located, contributing to their pollination. Often, female beetles not only find food in flowers, but also lay eggs there.
Residents of Africa willingly use the fruits of Hydnora for food, as do some animals. In Madagascar, Hydnora fruits are considered one of the best local fruits. Thus, humans are the carriers of Hydnora seeds. In Madagascar, locals use Hydnora flowers and roots to treat heart disease.
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Baobab is a species of tree from the genus Adansonia of the Malvaceae family, characteristic of the dry savannas of tropical Africa. The lifespan of baobabs is controversial - they do not have growth rings from which age can be reliably calculated. Calculations carried out using radiocarbon dating showed more than 5,500 years for a tree with a diameter of 4.5 meters, although according to more conservative estimates, baobabs live about 1,000 years.
In winter and during dry periods, the tree begins to use up its moisture reserves, decreasing in volume, and shedding its leaves. From October to December the baobab tree blooms. The baobab flowers are large - up to 20 cm in diameter, white with five petals and purple stamens, on hanging pedicels. They open in the late afternoon and live only one night, attracting the bats that pollinate them with their aroma. In the morning, the flowers wither, acquiring an unpleasant putrid odor, and fall off.
Next, oblong edible fruits develop, which resemble cucumbers or melons, covered with a thick, hairy peel. Inside the fruits are filled with sourish mealy pulp with black seeds. The baobab dies in a peculiar way: it seems to crumble and gradually settles, leaving behind only a pile of fiber. However, baobabs are extremely tenacious. They quickly restore stripped bark; continue to bloom and bear fruit. A cut down or felled tree is capable of putting out new roots.
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Victoria amazonica is a large herbaceous tropical plant of the water lily family, the largest water lily in the world and one of the world's most popular greenhouse plants. Victoria amazonica was named after Queen Victoria of England. Victoria Amazonis is common in the Amazon River basin in Brazil and Bolivia, and is also found in the rivers of Guyana that flow into the Caribbean Sea.
The huge leaves of the water lily reach 2.5 meters and, with an evenly distributed load, can support a weight of up to 50 kilograms. The tuberous rhizome is usually deeply recessed into the muddy bottom. The top surface is green with a waxy layer that repels excess water, and also has small holes for removing water. The lower part is purple-red in color with a network of ribs studded with spines for protection from herbivorous fish; air bubbles accumulate between the ribs, helping the leaf to float. In one season, each tuber can produce up to 50 leaves, which, growing, cover a large surface of the reservoir, blocking sunlight and thereby limiting the growth of other plants.
Victoria Amazonian flowers are underwater and bloom only once a year for 2-3 days. Flowers bloom only at night, and with the onset of dawn they sink under water. During flowering, the flowers placed above the water have a diameter of 20-30 centimeters when opened. On the first day the petals are white, on the second they turn pinkish, and on the third they become purple or dark crimson. In the wild, the plant can live up to 5 years.
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Sequoia is a monotypic genus of woody plants in the Cypress family. Grows on the Pacific Coast North America. Individual specimens of sequoia reach a height of more than 110 meters - these are the tallest trees on Earth. The maximum age is more than three and a half thousand years. This tree is better known as the “mahogany tree,” while the related species Sequoiadendron is known as the “giant sequoia.”
Their diameter at the level of the human chest is about 10 meters. The largest tree in the world is “General Sherman”. Its height is 83.8 meters. In 2002, the volume of wood was 1487 m³. It is believed to be 2300-2700 years old. The tallest tree in the world is Hyperion, its height is 115 meters.
5
Nepenthes is the only genus of plants in the monotypic family Nepentheaceae, which includes about 120 species. Most species are native to tropical Asia, especially on the island of Kalimantan. Named after the forgetfulness herb from ancient greek mythology- nepenfa. Species of the genus for the most part shrub or semi-shrub vines growing in wet habitats. Their long thin herbaceous or slightly woody stems climb the trunks and large branches of neighboring trees tens of meters in height, bringing their narrow terminal racemes or paniculate inflorescences to the sunlight.
U different types Nepenthes pitchers vary in size, shape and color. Their length varies from 2.5 to 30 centimeters, and in some species it can reach up to 50 cm. More often, the pitchers are painted in bright colors: red, matte white with a spotted pattern, or light green with spots. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, actinomorphic and petalless, with four imbricated sepals. The fruit is in the form of a leathery capsule, divided by internal partitions into separate chambers, in each of which seeds with a fleshy endosperm and a straight cylindrical small embryo are attached to a column.
It is curious that large nepenthes, in addition to eating insects, also use the droppings of tupaya animals, which climb onto the plant like a toilet to feast on sweet nectar. In this way, the plant forms a symbiotic relationship with the animal, using its droppings as fertilizer.
4
This mushroom, a member of the Agaricus mushrooms, looks like chewed gum, oozing blood and smelling like strawberries. However, you should not eat it, because it is one of the most poisonous mushrooms on earth, and even just licking it can guarantee serious poisoning. The mushroom became famous in 1812, and it was then that it was considered inedible. The surface of the fruiting bodies is white, velvety, with small depressions, becoming beige or brown with age. On the surface of young specimens, drops of poisonous blood-red liquid protrude through the pores. The word “tooth” in the name is for a reason. The fungus has sharp formations along the edges that appear with age.
In addition to its external qualities, this mushroom has good antibacterial properties and contains chemicals that thin the blood. It is quite possible that this mushroom will soon become a replacement for penicillin. main feature This fungus is that it can feed on both soil juices and insects, which are attracted by the red liquid of the fungus. The diameter of the cap of the bloody tooth is 5-10 centimeters, the length of the stem is 2-3 centimeters. The bloody tooth grows in the coniferous forests of Australia, Europe and North America.
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The top three among the most unusual plants in the world is closed by a large tropical plant of the genus Amorphophallus of the Araceae family, discovered in 1878 in Sumatra. One of the most famous species of the genus, it has one of the largest inflorescences in the world. The aerial part of this plant is a short and thick stem; at the base there is a single large leaf, with smaller ones higher up. The leaf is up to 3 meters long and up to 1 meter in diameter. Petiole length 2-5 meters, thickness 10 cm. Matte green, with white transverse stripes. The underground part of the plant is a giant tuber weighing up to 50 kilograms.
The aroma of the flower resembles a mixture of the smells of rotten eggs and rotten fish, and in appearance the flower resembles a decaying piece of meat. It is this smell that attracts wildlife to plant pollinating insects. Flowering continues for two weeks. Interestingly, the cob heats up to 40°C. During this time, the tuber is greatly depleted due to overuse nutrients. Therefore, it needs another rest period of up to 4 weeks to accumulate strength for leaf development. If there are few nutrients, then the tuber “sleeps” after flowering until next spring. The lifespan of this plant is 40 years, but it blooms only three or four times during this time.
2
Velvichia amazing - a relict tree - is one species, one genus, one family, one order of Velvichiev. Velvichia grows in the south of Angola and Namibia. The plant is rarely found further than a hundred kilometers from the coast; this approximately corresponds to the limit reached by fogs, which are the main source of moisture for Velvichia. Her appearance You can’t call it a grass, a bush, or a tree. The scientific world learned about Velvichia in the 19th century.
From a distance it seems that Velvichia has a lot of long leaves, but in fact there are only two of them, and they grow throughout its plant life, adding 8-15 centimeters per year. Scientific works described a giant with leaves more than 6 meters long and about 2 meters wide. And its life expectancy is so long that it’s hard to believe. Although Velvichia is considered a tree, it does not have annual rings, like those on tree trunks. Scientists determined the age of the largest Velvichia using radiocarbon dating - it turned out that some specimens are about 2000 years old!
Instead of social plant life, Velvichia prefers a solitary existence, that is, it does not grow in a group. Velvichia's flowers look like small cones, and each female cone contains only one seed, and each seed is equipped with wide wings. As for pollination, botanists have differing opinions. Some believe that pollination is carried out by insects, while others are more inclined to the action of the wind. Welwitschia is protected by the Namibian Nature Conservation Act. Collecting its seeds is prohibited without special permission. The entire territory where Velvichia grows was turned into a National Park.
1
A flower is an important organ of flowering (angiosperm) plants. It is often beautiful and clearly visible. Plant flowers are very diverse, they different sizes, colors, have different smells or no smell, collected together or single.
What unites all the flowers of a plant is the function they perform - sexual reproduction plants, resulting in the formation of seeds and fruits. Therefore, the flower is called the generative organ of the plant.
The flowers of most plants are located on pedicels, similar to thin stems.
At the top the peduncle goes into receptacle, the flower itself is located on it. The receptacle is quite wide with very short internodes. From the nodes of the receptacle grow sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
A flower may have one or more pistils. The pistil grows from the top of the receptacle and the stamens are located around the pistil. Below the stamens, petals emerge from the receptacle, and even lower, sepals. Together the petals form whisk, and the sepals - cup. The corolla and calyx together are called perianth.
In most plants, the perianth is brightly colored. It can be simple (tulip), when the entire perianth is the same color, and complex, when the calyx and corolla are different (carnation).
Basically, the perianth performs two functions. Protects the main parts of the flower - the stamens and pistil - from unfavorable environmental conditions, and also attracts pollinating insects.
The structure of the pistil in plants is slightly different from each other. So the pestle of a cherry consists of ovary, style and stigma, and in a tulip - only from the ovary and stigma.
The stigma of the pistil receives pollen. Therefore, it is usually sticky, rough and sometimes branchy. In order for the stigma to better capture pollen, the style can raise it above the perianth.
The ovary is located at the bottom of the pistil. It contains ovules, in which they develop eggs(female reproductive cells). The ovules in a flower vary from plant to plant. So, for example, the plum has only one, but the poppy has many.
After pollination of a flower The fruit develops from the ovary and the seeds from the ovules..
Stamens usually consist of filament And anther. The anthers produce pollen, which is sperm(male reproductive cells). The number of stamens in flowers of different plants varies.
Pollination- This is the transfer of pollen from the anthers of the stamens to the stigma of the pistil.
Fertilization- This is the fusion of an egg and a sperm into one cell.
Most plants have bisexual flowers; each flower contains both stamens and pistils. However, there are plants with unisexual flowers. So, for example, a cucumber has female (only with a pistil) and male (only with stamens) flowers. In addition, it happens that female and male flowers are located on different plants. Then such plants are called dioecious (poplar, nettle). If male and female flowers grow on the same plant, then it is called monoecious (cucumber, pumpkin).
Flowers are a symbol of youth
Dedicated to the Year of Youth
Plan
1. Introduction
2. Flowers of the Russian field
3. Flowers of the Russian forest
4. Flowers of the Russian garden
5. Flowers in the linguistic picture of the world of other peoples
6. Flowers and their meanings
7. Interesting about flowers
8. Literature
Introduction
Every nation has its own favorite flowers. For the British - this is a rose, narcissus, clover (shamrock), for the French - lily of the valley, for the Dutch - tulip, for the Chinese - chrysanthemum, lotus, for the Japanese - sakura cherry blossoms.
In their flower preferences, people reflect the features of their national character. The world, as vast as the vast expanses of Russia, includes wild, garden, and forest flowers beloved by Russians. So many hopes, joys, happiness, warmth of meetings, songs with simple, well-known names - cornflower, chamomile, clover, bell, lilac, lily of the valley, dandelion, violet.
Flowers gave life to poems, songs, fairy tales and legends, drawings and paintings.
Flowers of the Russian field
All Russian history, folklore and literature, journalism prove the special significance of the field for the Russian worldview.
Each field is a grain of Russian land, larger or smaller, but its history. Let us remember the Kulikovo Field (sung by A. Blok), the Borodino Field (“Borodino” by M. Lermontov). Russians' love for freedom, freedom, longing for happiness is reflected in their attachment to Russian endless expanses, fields, steppes, expanses.
It is no coincidence that the field is a favorite theme and image of Russian songs.
Field, Russian field...
Even though I have long been a city man, -
The smell of wormwood, spring showers
Suddenly they will burn me with the same melancholy...
(song “Field”)
The Russian field is remarkable in its beauty, especially in spring and summer, when the flowers bloom. Our gaze will quickly find blue cornflower flowers, yellow-eyed daisies, fluffy clover inflorescences, bright yellow dandelions.
This colorful and fragrant variety of colors creates the atmosphere of a spring and summer holiday.
The beauty of Russian wildflowers is a source of inspiration for Russian poets. This is proven by the poems of I. Bunin and V. Bryusov:
There are humble ones in the fields of my homeland
Sisters and brothers of overseas flowers:
The fragrant spring has increased them
In the greenery of May forests and meadows.
They will not see mirrored greenhouses,
And the expanse of the sky is blue,
They don't see lights, but a mysterious
Eternal constellations pattern golden.
They emanate a bashful beauty,
They are dear to the heart and eyes
And they talk about long-forgotten
Bright days.
(I. Bunin. Wild flowers)
The wretched flowers of the northern spring,
You breathe the meekness of peaceful silence.
Lily of the valley bends pearls
Large white tears
The blue bell sleeps in the shade of the birch trees.
The white violet rises slender,
White chamomile is visible in the greenery.
Ivan da Marya is here, a dandelion is there,
Yellow stars all over the fields
(V. Bryusov. Poor flowers of the northern spring)
The modest dark blue wildflower cornflower, growing in rye and other grains, owes its name to an Old Russian rearrangement of the Greek basilikon “royal” (flower, plant), a suffixal derivative of basileus “king.”
Looking at A. Venetsianov’s painting “Girl with Cornflowers,” you involuntarily remember the peasant woman Akulina from the story by I.S. Turgenev "Date":
And-and, what nonsense, my dear: where did I find fear! “What do you have,” he added, moving closer to her, “flowers?”
Flowers,” Akulina answered sadly. “I picked some field ash,” she continued, somewhat perking up, “it’s good for calves.” And this is a series - against scrofula. Look at this. What a wonderful flower; I have never seen such a wonderful flower in my life. Here are the forget-me-nots, and here is my mother’s darling... And here I am for you,” she added, taking out from under a yellow mountain ash a small bunch of blue cornflowers tied with thin grass - would you like some? (I. Turgenev. Date)
Akulina’s cold lover forgets the bouquet of cornflowers she gave her, thereby showing his heartlessness and cruelty.
Akulina’s love for wildflowers emphasizes the purity and beauty of her soul, closeness to nature, observation and poetry.
In the story, cornflower acts as a symbol of tender, strong, selfless, but unhappy love, devoted to the innocence, fragility of a loving girl.
The line “You are my cornflower blue word…” from S. Yesenin’s poem “I have never seen such beautiful ones,” dedicated to the poet’s sister Shura, sounds unusually figurative.
It is impossible to remain indifferent when passing by a clearing where daisies bloom. The chamomile flower, according to folk legend, is like a wonderful eye that sees everything.
The painting “Meadow with Daisies” by V. Vasnetsov is dedicated to chamomile. Poem by M. Dudin “Chamomile”:
Chamomile, emitting light,
Looks like the sun
Runs after us everywhere,
Your own, not the hallway.
Until late autumn is upon us
Casts bold glances
Her cheerful yellow eye
Through the eyelashes are white.
She's in the meadow, she's in the forest
And nearby - on the side of the road.
All over the earth its beauty
The winds were dispersed.
Across all glades and fields
Chamomile from May
For your happiness, for your happiness
It grows, blooms and glows.
Chamomile is a favorite image folk songs: “The daisies hid” (words by I. Shaferan, music by E. Ptichkin), “I look into the blue lakes” (words by I. Shaferan, music by L. Afanasyev).
In a meadow and in a forest clearing, in a remote ravine and on the bank of a river, blue, light blue or white bell flowers always greet us warmly. According to popular belief, they call only once a year - on the magical night before Ivan Kupala.
Something surprisingly native, Russian is hidden in the elegant and discreet-looking blue bells. A.K. Tolstoy dedicated a poem to these delicate flowers
My bells
Steppe flowers!
Why are you looking at me?
Dark blue?
And what are you calling about?
On a merry day in May,
Among the uncut grass
Shaking your head?
Flowers of the Russian forest
Forest flowers are also remarkable in beauty. An ancient Russian legend says that the sea princess Volkhova fell in love with the young man Sadko, and he gave his heart to Lyubava. The saddened Volkhova went ashore and began to cry. And where the princess’s tears fell, lilies of the valley grew - a symbol of pure and selfless love.
Lilies of the valley were the favorite flowers of P. Tchaikovsky and N. Karamzin (remember the heroine of the story “ Poor Lisa", collecting lilies of the valley), I. Bunin, I. Repin.
M. Lermontov in the poem “When the yellowing field is agitated...” this is how the lily of the valley sang.
...When, sprinkled with fragrant dew,
On a ruddy evening or morning at the golden hour,
From under a bush I get a silver lily of the valley
Nods his head affably...
A. Fet figuratively said about the lily of the valley:
O first lily of the valley! From under the snow
You ask for the sun's rays;
What virginal bliss
In your fragrant purity!
How bright is the first ray of spring!
What dreams descend in it!
How captivating you are, gift
Happy spring!
So the maiden sighs for the first time -
About what, it is unclear to her herself,
And a timid sigh smells fragrant
The abundance of young life.
("First Lily of the Valley")
Vl describes a magical meeting with a lily of the valley. Soloukhin.
Taking me into the forest, my sister lay down to rest in a clearing, spreading something there, and sent me into the nearest trees to look for lilies of the valley. How old I was, I don’t know; obviously, it’s not enough if I still haven’t seen a living lily of the valley. I asked my sister what kinds of lilies of the valley there are, and she answered briefly and wisely:
Most beautiful. Once you see it, you can't go wrong.
One of the prose writers recorded how he, who had never heard a nightingale, decided to recognize it himself, by his voice, and how at first he mistook one or another bird song for a nightingale. But suddenly everything disappeared, disappeared, froze. Huge golden hoops rolled across the ground, reverently numb. The nightingale sang.
I experienced the same feeling of obvious exclusivity and unlike anything else when, not tempted by other flowers, I stopped in front of a magical branch of lily of the valley, blooming in the greenish shade of a spruce tree.
Having passed the first test of the sense of beauty (with the prompting of such a flower as the lily of the valley, it was not so difficult to pass), I took out of the forest, to a sun-drenched edge, full of purple, yellow, blue, red flowers, a twig that seemed not even sunny, and a moon flower.
He was like a mermaid among the playing beauties of ruddy trees, like a ghost among feasting drunken knights, like a pale bride in a veil among friends bursting with health and joy. And if it was said that the rose and lily reign in the flower kingdom, like the day and night lights on earth, then the lily of the valley is the most devoted, most faithful and closest knight of the lily.
Flowers of the Russian garden
The flowers of the garden are also loved by Russian people.
Among them, lilac is especially loved. The origin of the name lilac is associated with an ancient Greek legend told in Ovid's Metamorphoses: Pan, in love with the nymph Syringa, unsuccessfully pursued her, trying to explain himself. The timid nymph, having reached the river, asked her for help and was turned into a reed, from which the inconsolable Pan made himself a pipe. But since pipes then began to be made from soft lilac wood, this bush turned out to be correlated with the name of Syringa, whose heart was never awakened to love.
Lilac comes from Persia. 400 years ago, lilacs were brought to Vienna, from where they quickly spread throughout Europe.
The Russian poetess E. Beketova has poems about lilacs:
In the morning, at dawn
On the dewy grass
I'll go breathe fresh in the morning,
And into the fragrant shadow,
And that happiness lives in lilacs;
On green branches
Where the lilacs are crowded,
I'll go look for my happiness.
There is only one happiness in life
I'm destined to find
On fragrant brushes
My poor happiness is blooming...
Lilacs have inspired and continue to inspire poets: E. Dolmatovsky’s poem “Lilac” (1943)
June day brought to the trench
The rustle of washed leaves
And the smell of young lilacs
Stronger than old gunpowder
Even though the front runs along the gardens,
But everything blooms in lilac:
Village and gentle horizon,
And blue shadows.
You're far away, you're not here
But for you I am again
I collected a trembling bouquet,
Cool and lilac.
It sits in a shell casing
In the battalion dugout,
Burns with a cold flame,
It's like the alcohol is lit.
Tired friends will come -
It will be brighter for them here.
My love, your lilac
Shines and does not fade.
In N. Zolotnitsky’s book “Flowers in Legends and Traditions” we read: “In the East, where, as we know, lilac comes from, it serves as an emblem of sad parting, and therefore a lover usually gives it to his beloved only when they separate or separate. forever". This perception of lilac was passed on to both European and Russian culture. In the novel “Oblomov” by I. Goncharov, for Olga Ilyinskaya, lilac was the personification of the spring of the soul, first love. But, regardless of the intentions of the girl herself, the branch of lilac extended by Olga to Oblomov exactly fulfilled its fatal purpose. Olga and Oblomov broke up.
In S. Yesenin’s poem “Anna Snegina,” lilac also became a symbol of sad parting.
Even before the poet’s meeting with Anna, a sad lilac motif sounds:
But here comes Kriusha...
I didn’t see familiar roofs.
Lilac weather
Silence sprinkled with lilac...
And at the end of the poem, when the lyrical hero learns about Anna’s departure from Russia, the image of lilac appears again:
I'm walking through an overgrown garden,
The face is touched by lilac.
So sweet to my flashing glances
A hunched fence...
They were such distant darlings!
That image has not faded away in me.
We all loved during these years,
But that means
They loved us too.
A. Akhmatova gives a wonderful epithet to the lilac in the poem “It would be better for me to cheerfully call out ditties”: “God’s white lilac.” B Pasternak, when describing lilacs, experiments with the word: “With all the dissolution of lilac clusters. Lilac absorbs a stream of freshness.”
Lilac is a favorite image of Russian still life: paintings by P. Konchalovsky and A. Shalaev “Lilac”.
In Russian lyrical songs, lilac is a symbol of love, spring, and joy. The song “Chauffeur” (words by Tvardovsky, music by M. Cheremukhin), “Lilac - bird cherry” (words by A. Safronov, music by Y. Milyutin), “White lilac” (words by A. Poperechny) can be heard here.
There are cities where there are especially many lilacs.
So, in late spring, the gray walls and towers of old Tallinn merge with the purple lilac flowers. And further, in the north of Europe - in Finland, Norway - lilacs are grown most of all.
The appearance of lilacs in the Scandinavian countries is described in one of the legends. Spring, mixing the rays of the sun and the rainbow, began to throw them to the ground. And where the rays fell, flowers bloomed - yellow, orange, red, blue, white. Spring moved from south to north, generously scattering colorful rays. When she reached the north, she had only purple ones left. From them the lilac bushes grew. (According to N. Verzilin).
We associate lilacs, first of all, with memories of spring, the wonderful month of May, when nature, awakened from its winter sleep, dresses itself in fresh greenery and colorful flowers.
Lilac inspired P.I. Tchaikovsky to create a ballet of rare beauty - the fairy tale “Sleeping Beauty”. The Lilac Fairy is smart and generous, and every step she takes alleviates her anxiety before the forces of evil. And the vengeful sorceress Carabosse predicts eternal sleep for the young beauty Aurora after she comes of age... Even if this is just a fairy tale invented by people, don’t gifted bouquets of lilacs forever remain in a person’s memory as a beautiful vision?
In Rus' there used to be such a custom: when the lilac blossomed, the girls looked for their lilac happiness in the bushes - flowers with five or six petals - and, putting them in their mouths, swallowed them. A naive, funny ritual.
We are grateful to the lilac for its cheerful bush, for the fact that in the spring it is the first to bloom its green leaves, and in the fall it sheds them later than others. The lilac has undressed - wait, they say, for winter. But how much hope, warmth, sun is hidden in each purple bouquet of hers!
One of our favorite flowers is violet. The word violet comes from the Latin word “viola”. That's what this flower was called. The word violet has the same origin, that is, the color of violet. The color of violets is so intense that it gave rise to the name of the paint - violet blue. Their smell is strong and pleasant. If you find violets, it becomes clear that spring is coming!
There is a beautiful legend that before creating a violet, the Earth dreams for a long time, looking into the blue sky...
For Russians, the violet is one of the symbols of the Motherland.
In the song “I Walk Through Moscow” (words by G. Shpalikov, music by A. Petrov) there are the following lines:
And if I get sad around the house,
I will find a violet under the snow
And I will remember Moscow.
Peonies are similar to roses. And, like roses, they come in different colors - scarlet, pink, white, with a wonderfully reddening core, which is hidden in the depths of the cup. Lush, large, bending to the ground, unable to withstand their own weight. If you collect them in a bouquet, they are torn from your hands.
Peonies got their name from the area of Pionia in Ancient Greece where they once grew wild. An ancient Greek legend also claims that they were named after the doctor Peon, who treated all kinds of diseases with decoction and drops of flower juice. He also cured the god of the underworld Pluto from wounds inflicted by Hercules. Aesculapius, Peon's teacher, found out about this and, envying his student, decided to poison him, and then Pluto turned the young man into a beautiful flower.
In China, the peony is called the flower of nobility and honor. At weddings and holidays it is presented to friends as a sign of good wishes.
Have you ever heard about the plant marin root? This is also a peony, only wild, it can be found in Siberia, Altai, in the Kazakh steppes, and it is famous for its woody rhizome. During the war with the Nazis, it saved the lives of many Altai residents: they ate the rhizome instead of potatoes.
Iris. When the titan Prometheus stole the heavenly fire on Olympus and gave it to people, a rainbow flashed with a wondrous light on earth - so great was the joy of all life on the planet. The sunset had already faded, the day was fading, and the sun was gone, and the rainbow shone over the world, giving people hope.
And in the morning the sun returned again; where the rainbow glowed with its colors, irises bloomed...
The ancient Greeks gave the flower its name after the goddess of the rainbow, Iris. Three petals are folded into a pointed cone, the other three are bent downwards, and the color is all the colors of the rainbow. People affectionately call it iris, beer, and rainbow. But what makes irises amazing is that different varieties bloom in different time years, even in the fall, remaining beautiful, slender, even when they have already faded. It is not for nothing that Italians consider irises a symbol of eloquence, but in Arabia, on the contrary, a symbol of silence and sadness, where they are planted in cemeteries.
In Japan, you can see images of the iris everywhere: its leaves look like swords, and therefore they are believed to awaken courage in men.
Have you seen how garden jasmine blooms on the streets and parks of southern cities? It also has another name - mock orange, probably because in the old days it was fashionable to make pipes, flutes and especially chibouks for smoking pipes from its hollow trunks.
In France, garden jasmine was called serengat (translated from Greek as “pipe”).
Chubushnik was a favorite plant of the Parns, one of the Saka Iranian-speaking tribes.
The couples planted mock orange in their cemeteries, calling the plant “brotherly love” for the ability of its roots to tightly wrap around the roots of neighboring bushes.
Chubushnik is an excellent honey plant. And the young leaves of this plant can be used as a seasoning for salads. Perfume with the scent of jasmine has long been famous.
The flowering time of jasmine is short. Having blossomed around midnight, its flowers are fragrant until dawn, but by morning, with the first rays of the sun, the tender leaves fall off. The unopened buds wait for the next night to also open and then fly around.
Flowers in the linguistic picture of the world of other peoples
The flower preferences of the people of Great Britain are interesting. The national symbol of England is the red rose, of Wells - the daffodil, poppy, of Ireland - the clover (shamrock), of Scotland - the thistle. Each of these colors is associated with historical facts and legends.
In England, the rose became a symbol of war. In 1455, two noble families could not agree on which of them would take the royal throne. The Thirty Years' War began, which was called the War of the Scarlet and White Roses, because some claimants to the throne had a red rose in their coat of arms, while others had a white rose in their coat of arms.
Shining, the clouds clung
In the azure of a fiery day.
Two roses opened under the window -
Two bowls full of fire.
Out the window, into the cool dusk of the house
I looked at the green sultry garden,
And the hay's stuffy languor
A sweet aroma wafted out.
Sometimes sonorous and heavy,
Rumbled high in the sky
Thunderous roar... But the bees sang,
The flies were ringing - the day was shining.
Sometimes they ran noisily
Streams of blue showers...
But the sun and azure blinked
In their mirror-shaky shine -
And the day shone and the roses twinkled,
Bowing languid heads,
And smiled through the tears
Eyes full of fire.
(I. Bunin)
Residents of Wells consider the Narcissus to be their favorite flower. Have you seen a daffodil many times, White flower, with a yellow core, on a slender green stalk.
The unusual predilection of the inhabitants of Scotland for the thorny thistle bush is explained by the fact that once enemies tried to attack the inhabitants of the castle at night. However, when they pricked themselves on the sharp thorns of thistles, they screamed. Their cry woke up the inhabitants of the castle, and they fought back the enemy.
And in France they love lilies of the valley. The first of May in this country is the holiday of lilies of the valley; cities and villages are buried in flowers. It is customary to give lilies of the valley as gifts to relatives and friends.
In Rus', lily of the valley was called differently: in the north - forest lily, on the Volga - voronets, lily of the valley, in the Smolensk region - forest tongue, in the Stavropol region - doe's ear. When the flowers open, they bend towards the ground and become very similar to small bells.
Only you won’t hear the ringing of a bell - they announce their birth with waves of a subtle aroma. When lilies of the valley bloom, it seems that the very air in the forest is infused with their aroma.
Many peoples have a legend about the lily of the valley. In Ukraine they say that he grew up where the tears of a girl fell as she waited for her betrothed from a distant campaign.
The lily of the valley fades, and a large red berry will appear in place of the fallen petals. The ancient Germans assured that this was not a berry at all, but burning tears that the lily of the valley mourned its parting with Spring. Although she fell in love with Lily of the Valley, it didn’t last long. Forever young and restless, Spring finds no peace for itself and, scattering affections to everyone, is not with anyone for a long time. She also caressed Lily of the Valley in passing. He blossomed with happiness, but she went away and left the poor thing in the middle of the hot summer. The lily of the valley drooped from grief, the flowers fell, and tears rolled out from the stem.
One of the oldest industries Agriculture in Holland - floriculture dates back to 1599, when the botanist Clusius opened a greenhouse exotic plants in Leiden. Tulips are especially loved. In the 17th century, in one Dutch city, growing tulips became a common pastime. There are records of more than 500 different varieties, which were bred and sold there. Fantastically high prices were paid for the rarest varieties, and for a single rare onion they offered not only money, but also horses, carriages, houses and even large and expensive ships. When the tulip craze became dangerous and brought many misfortunes, the trade in tulips was banned and heavy fines were imposed for it. (According to G. Gorman).
Until now, flower greenhouses and fields occupy large areas in many areas, especially the area between Leiden and Haarlem, called the “glass city”, stands out. Primroses, roses, chrysanthemums, freesias and many other flowers are grown. Sales are carried out at flower auctions, the largest of which takes place in the city of Aalsmeer.
In the East, China, and Japan, the lotus, chrysanthemum, and orchid are revered. The fifth of May is the Japanese holiday of irises, the ninth of September is the holiday of chrysanthemums. IN Japanese mythology Udonge is a fabulous flower that blooms once every three thousand years. Japanese cherry blossoms - sakura - are especially loved in Japan. This is the national symbol of the land of the rising sun.
The Japanese poet Enomoto Kikaku expresses the Japanese reverent attitude toward sakura:
Throw a stone at me!
Cherry blossom branch
I'm broke now.
Japanese classical poetry contains many lyrical works about sakura:
That's right, cherry blossoms
How tender they sound
At spring dawn
(poet Saige)
I saw them bloom
Cherry tree branches
But in the darkness they can barely see through, -
Fragrant haze
In the evening sky.
(poet Fujiwara no Sadaye)
In addition to sakura flowers, bamboo is revered in Japan. The image of bamboo bending under the weight of snow has acquired a special meaning in Japan: it symbolizes the endurance and flexibility of the Japanese, who resists adversity and adapts to the most unexpected difficulties.
In Japan, the art of arranging bouquets - ikebana - is highly valued during autumn. In the East there are many proverbs and phraseological units about flowers: leave the wildflowers in the fields. Lotus flower in the mud. The plum blossom is the earliest to bloom. Flowers in both hands (about luck, luck). Flowers bloomed on a dried tree (about unexpected success). The neighbor's flowers are more beautiful. The more beautiful the rose, the longer its thorns. To sit in heaven on one lotus branch (that is, to be together until the end). To the nightingale - plum, to the swallow - willow. In Japan, the nightingale is associated not with a rose, but with a plum tree.
The flower preferences of people around the world are surprisingly diverse. Each nation describes the history of the origin of flowers in its own way, puts its own symbolism into them, and sings them in poetry and songs.
To know and respect such a diversity of opinions about colors is to respect different cultures. Flowers for the inhabitants of our country are an integral part of our Motherland, fields, open spaces, endless forests, colorful meadows. Russians' love for flowers is one of the aspects of their love for their Motherland and life.
Summer is coming soon. The field, forest, meadow will bloom. Once again flowers will surprise us with an amazing variety of shades and aromas. Don’t rush to tear them down, leave the joy of communicating with beauty to others.
Flowers and their meanings
Surely everyone knows that flowers, like children, are a joy for every person. After all, they bring warmth and affection into our lives, blinding our eyes with a rainbow of colors and a sea of pleasure. They make our lives brighter, more beautiful and a little happier.
And if you suddenly order flowers, it is important not only to know the preferences and tastes of the person to whom the gift is intended, but also to ensure that the bouquet turns into a very valuable and expensive gift for the person.
When ordering flowers, you must remember that each of them has a certain concept associated with it, so as not to get into an awkward position. But there are a huge, innumerable number of interpretations and meanings of flowers. And sometimes the transcripts are completely different and contradictory, which is impossible to even compare. This all comes from ancient times, traditions and views. So let’s focus on the most interesting and memorable interpretations.
Many believe that the birth of the language of flowers is the era of romanticism, and for more than 100 years, it has been an integral part of the sentimental games of lovers. After all, with the help of flowers you can love silently, expressing love with flowers. Sometimes they made dates with the help of flowers, and sometimes they sent flowers instead of letters.
White acacia is considered a symbol of purity and innocent love in many European countries.
But lilies of the valley were considered a symbol of love and happiness in family life in Ancient Germany.
Some flowers have different meanings for each nation. If in Japan hydrangeas express grief, then in other countries they protect against misfortune and illness. Red flowers have always been considered a symbol of great ardent love, but yellow ones, on the contrary, spoke of separation. It is better to give daisies to unmarried girls. But white flowers should prevail in the bride’s bouquet, because they wish for a successful marriage, but according to an old belief, if you add gerbera to the bouquet, it will bring happiness!
Azalea is a symbol of passion and sadness, as well as femininity;
Acacia (white) - love at a distance;
Acacia (yellow) - chastity;
Acacia (pink) - sophistication;
Aconite - danger;
Ambrosia - mutual love;
Pineapple - impeccability;
Anemone - hope;
Anthurium - courage;
Pansies - carefree;
Aralia - intimate relationships, intimacy;
Asparagus - indifference;
Astra - love memories, love in general, precision. There are about 550 species of these flowers in the world, the most famous is “Monte Casino”. There is a legend in China that says that asters came from cosmic dust.
Interesting about flowers
The famous botanist of the 18th century, Carl Linnaeus, studied flowers for a long time and established the pattern of opening of their corollas. After which he created a flower clock in Uppsala, Sweden. The dial was divided into several sectors. In each sector, plants were planted that were specially selected taking into account the time of their opening. But this was not the world's first flower clock. Even in ancient Greece and Rome, plants were planted in flower beds that opened and closed their corollas at different times of the day.
To find out what time it is, plants are not always used to make a flower bed in the shape of a traditional clock. Sometimes certain cultivated and wild plants artistically scattered around the garden. Looking early in the morning into one of the charming corners of the garden, they discover the blossoming flowers of brown rosehip, poppy, and common chicory. They have been open since 4-5 o'clock. In another corner of the garden, dandelions will “wake up” at 5-6 o’clock, and at 6-7 - the flowers of potatoes, flax, and wild carnations. At 7-8 o'clock the sandy immortelle opens, at 9-10 o'clock calendula officinalis, common sorrel, coltsfoot. The fragrant tobacco will open in the evening, when all the listed flowers have already closed - at 20-21 hours.
Field carnations close their petals at 13-14 hours, sandy immortelle - 14 hours, poppy, dandelion, common chicory - at 14-15 hours. At 16-17, calendula and flax become invisible, at 17-18 - coltsfoot and common sorrel. The brown rosehip closes at 19-20 hours, potatoes at 20-21. The last one to close at 2-3 am is fragrant tobacco. From time to time you may notice that the flower clock is acting up. This happens on cloudy days or before a change in weather. Then the corollas of flowers either do not open at all or close early.
More accurate are flower clocks with hands like regular clocks. There is such a clock on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. Their dial, including the numbers on it, is lined with flowers.
In Moscow in the 80s of the last century, near the Oktyabrskaya metro station there was a flower calendar. He was on the lawn in front of the main entrance to the building of the Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry. Using it, ministry workers, looking out the window, could find out the day of the week and date. The numbers and initial letters of the days of the week were made from flowering plants planted closely together. The background for them was the cut grass of the lawn. The information was updated daily by the landscapers. Excess plants were removed from the lawn and new ones were added, some of the plants were transplanted to a new place within the calendar.
Literature
1. L.K. Mullagalieva, L.G. Sayakhova. Russian language in the dialogue of cultures. - Kitap, 2008
2. Bystrova E.A. Dialogue of cultures in Russian language lessons. - St. Petersburg, 2002
3. Vorobyov V.V., Salyakhova L.G. Russian language in the dialogue of cultures: Tutorial. - M., 2006. - 283 p.
4. Zabylin M. Russian people. Its customs, rituals, legends, superstitions and poetry. - M., 1997. - 539 p.
5. Gold placers. Russians folk proverbs and sayings. - Krasnoyarsk, 1993. - 286 p.
6. Russian folk literature: A book for reading in grades 5-9 of gymnasiums... Author-comp. N.N. Konstanyan. - M., 1994. - 256 p.
When talking about flowers, any person means a plant with beautiful buds and inflorescences. Almost constantly we see flowers surrounding us everywhere - daisies in the fields, roses in gardens and bouquets at holidays, blooming soda in the spring and autumn chrysanthemums and asters. For example, you can call any plants located in a house or apartment indoor flowers. The world of these beautiful plants, which so often live next to people, is diverse. Which ones set expressions not in our everyday speech: bouquets of flowers and flower arrangements, garden and wildflowers, cherry and apple flowers.
According to scientists, a flower is a complex and diverse system of reproductive organs with seeds of certain types of flowers. Although the purpose and function of flowers are unique and constant, there is a surprising number of different types and groups of these formations, differing in color and size, smells and structural details. The smallest flowers are 1 mm in size, and the largest flower, growing in tropical forests, weighs more than 11 kilograms and has a diameter of about 1 meter.
Without flowers, there would be no delicious wild berries, juicy cherries and pears, southern dates and bananas, watermelons and melons. We would never have tasted fragrant, viscous honey and would not have heard the buzzing of bees and bumblebees in the silence of summer. Without these gentle and amazing creatures of nature, the world would become much poorer and less colorful.
Scientific books, magazine articles, fairy tales and legends have been written about flowers. It is difficult to talk about the diversity of the structure of flowers in one article, to list all the names of species and groups of plants, but we can mention the most unusual and original flowers in the world.
The flowers of many tropical plants are amazing and unique:
Amorphophallus titanica, a large flower 2.5 meters, has an unpleasant and pungent odor. It is almost never found in its natural climate and you can only see it in arboretums and only two days a year when it blooms.
Although the exotic flowers of distant countries are amazing and beautiful, every person is more fond of the flowers familiar from childhood and beloved from their native forests and fields, gardens and parks. And it depends on each person whether future generations of earthlings will be able to admire the riot of colors in spring and inhale the intoxicating aroma of late autumn flowers.
Option 2
Flowers are the most graceful and beautiful creations of nature. Flowers fascinate with their beauty, aroma and variety of shapes.
In human culture, flowers have played an important role in all centuries. Flowers were used to decorate the home; not a single celebration would be complete without flowers. And how many beliefs, superstitions and legends are associated with flowers! The most famous belief is that whoever finds a fern flower will gain good luck, wealth and fame. They looked for blooming ferns on certain days of the year. They prepared for this event in advance, performed special rituals and read conspiracies. Entire villages went into the night forest to look for ferns. But in all this time, no one has ever found the treasured flower. And it’s not surprising, because the fern never blooms.
The most ancient legend about flowers came from Ancient Greece. One day, the goddess of plants, Flora, bestowed names on her creations, and completely forgot about the small, inconspicuous flower, lost among the rest. Passing by, the goddess heard a thin voice: “don’t forget me...”. That’s what Flora called him - forget-me-not, and gave him the ability to return the memory of family and friends, of home, to everyone who looks at him.
The myth about the aconite flower is interesting. The myth describes one of the labors of Hercules, when King Eurystheus ordered the hero to descend into the underworld and tame the huge three-headed dog - Cerberus, who guarded the gates to the underworld. God Hades allowed him to take the dog, provided that Hercules tamed him without weapons. When Hercules brought the dog into the light of day, Cerberus became frightened, whined, and saliva dripped from his mouth, from which aconite grew. The name of the flower comes from the name of the city of Akone, in which, according to legend, the gates to hell were located. It is noteworthy that aconite is very poisonous plant, as deadly and dangerous as the dog Cerberus himself.
Another legend, originally from Greece, tells the story of a beautiful young man - Narcissus. He was so handsome and good-looking that all the girls, when they saw him, fell in love. But Narcissus was proud and did not reciprocate anyone. And one day, seeing his reflection on the river surface, he could not tear himself away from contemplating his own face, and died on the spot, bending over the surface of the water, and his body turned into a wonderful flower. And, indeed, once you see a daffodil flower, you fall in love with it at first sight. And the flower never “looks” back at you; it bends towards the ground, as if looking for its own reflection.
The beauty, grace and charm of flowers is reflected in many areas of human life.
1st, 2nd, 3rd grade. The world
- Desert - report message (4th grade world around, 7th grade)
Deserts are one of the most mysterious and unpredictable places on the planet. They can be rocky and sandy, clayey and saline, and even Arctic ice deserts
- The Life and Work of Shakespeare
The most famous of all English playwrights was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564. William's father John was a wealthy merchant and respectable member of the community in the small town of Warwickshire.
- Switzerland - message report (grades 3, 7. The world around us. Geography)
Switzerland is an amazing country, famous for its abundance of endless lakes and villages. The country also has high alpine Alps (extending 200 kilometers), which have a lot of mountain roads
- Country Sweden - message report (3rd, 7th grade geography, world around us)
The Kingdom of Sweden is an independent state with a monarchical form of government limited by the constitution. The capital of Sweden is the city of Stockholm.
Poisonous plants are a group of plants that contain substances that can be dangerous to people and domestic animals. More than 12 thousand species are known in the world and they are widespread everywhere.
