Scheme of hot water supply in 10th floor buildings. Open hot water system

Today hardly anyone can do without hot water, hot water supply serves consumers to satisfy hygienic and household needs.

There is an open hot water supply circuit and a closed water supply circuit.
IN open circuits water supply, network water can be partially taken by the consumer for personal needs, and at the same time it is used as a coolant in the pipeline.

But in closed circuits, network water can only be used as a coolant.
Hot water supply diagram apartment building Most often it is performed in the form of a two-pipe hot water supply circuit.
To understand this issue in more detail, let's look at the diagrams of hot water supply systems that can be made with one-pipe and two-pipe risers (one of the risers is circulation).

Hot water supply diagram for an apartment building

Two-pipe hot water supply schemes with circulation risers are used in multi-storey buildings intended for residential use, hotels and hospitals, that is, in those buildings where the water in the pipes cannot cool down.

Single-pipe hot water supply circuits are also used in residential buildings. Here the risers are connected to the main (supply), but one riser is connected to the circulation main. In order to ensure uniform circulation of water in the building’s water supply system, which is connected to heating point, a diaphragm is installed on the idle riser.

In order to ensure better distribution of water to consumers, the risers are looped, and this also helps to maintain the same diameter throughout the entire height of the building. If the building has no more than five floors, then the diameter of the riser is 25 mm, and from the 6th floor the diameter is 32 mm.

The hot and cold water supply scheme is implemented absolutely different types and ways. There are also schemes for combining hot water supply with heating; this is most often used for country houses and cottages.

The rapid development of technology allows to modern man make your home as comfortable as possible. This requires different types of settings: network engineering, household plumbing equipment, etc.

Let's consider the basics of arranging a water supply system in an apartment building.

It is quite a difficult task to provide water to a multi-storey building, since the building includes a large number of apartments with autonomous sanitary equipment.

Water supply system - engineering system with pipe distribution, water pressure control devices, as well as metering units and filters.

Often, residents of multi-storey buildings use a central water supply system.

Components of a central water supply system. Types of schemes

Typically, the water supply system consists of:

• Distribution channel;
• Water intake structure;
• Purification plant.

Before water is supplied to the premises, it travels a long way directly from the pumping unit to the reservoir. After the water has been completely purified and disinfected, it enters the distribution channel. The distribution channel ensures the flow of water to special installations.

Note that the water supply system is divided into 3 types:

• Collector;
• Consistent;
• Mixed.

Often, collector wiring in a house is used if the apartments have a huge amount of plumbing equipment. The collector circuit ensures stable operation of all sanitary installations and devices.

Water supply system risers

Risers - vertical arrangement of pipes in the water supply system.

They are divided into three types:

• Heating riser;
• Water supply riser;
• Sewer riser.

Maintenance of such installations is provided by representatives of organizations such as housing and communal services, housing and communal services and others that service the house.

Let's look at some legal aspects:

1. The serviceability of communications of a residential apartment building must be ensured Management Company. Therefore, the organization must replace the risers at its own expense (if we are talking about pipes that have become unusable after the expiration of their useful service life);
2. The city or district administration is obliged to replace risers in a municipal building;
3. In the event that communication systems are privatized, payment repair work carried out by residents.

In some cases, responsible persons try to evade their responsibilities or demand cash for the work done.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the responsible persons fulfill their direct duties. An official application must be completed and sent. If no reaction is observed, a complaint is filed with the housing department. As a rule, such actions are quite sufficient to restore justice.

Features of supplying hot water to a residential building

The hot water supply system in the house includes two types of wiring - lower and upper.

To maintain optimal temperature conditions in the pipeline, looped wiring is often used. With the help of gravitational pressure, water circulation in the ring is ensured, even in the absence of water intake.

In the riser, the water is cooled and directly enters the heating unit. At an even higher temperature, water is supplied through the pipes. In this way, a continuous process of coolant circulation is carried out.

In addition, the system hot serve water is divided according to certain criteria:

• Local;
• Centralized;
• Open thermal;
• Closed thermal.

Important! In accordance with SNiP, it is strictly forbidden to supply non-potable hot water to pipes containing technical liquid.

Description of the closed type heating system

IN last years The use of a closed water supply scheme is becoming increasingly popular. A closed system is based on the use of a heat main with a completely separate, autonomous circuit into which the cold water for subsequent passage through heat exchangers.

The latter absorb heat from the main water, which is heated in a thermal power plant. In addition, other heat sources are available, but the most common among them is considered to be direct heat transfer from an open-type hot water supply.

In this case, the quality of hot water supplied to the house does not depend on the condition of the pipes located in the central heating system. A closed scheme involves the use of heat exchangers and additional pumping units.

Hot water supply system closed type has undeniable advantages compared to open: qualitative indicators and bacteriological properties.

Closed hot water supply circuit ensures stable temperature regime regardless of the air temperature in winter.

Modern engineers are increasingly resorting to the use of a closed-type system, since this scheme is characterized by the most high performance reliability for consumers.

In order for any residential building to function normally, it is necessary to install a water supply system. Its proper design will ensure timely supply and sufficient water pressure. This article will discuss in detail the hot water supply scheme, types of connection and its features in an apartment building.

What is special about the water supply of an apartment building?

It is very difficult to provide water to a building with a large number of storeys. After all, the house consists of many apartments with separate bathrooms and plumbing fixtures. In other words, water supply schemes in apartment buildings- this is a kind of complex with separate pipe distribution, pressure regulators, filters and metering equipment.

Most often, residents of high-rise buildings use water from the central water supply. With the help of a water supply, it is supplied to individual plumbing fixtures under a certain pressure. Often water is purified using chlorination.

Composition of the central water supply system

Centralized water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings consist of a distribution network, water intake structures and treatment plants. Before getting into the apartment, water travels a long way from pumping station to the pond. Only after purification and disinfection is water sent to the distribution network. With the help of the latter, water is supplied to appliances and equipment. Pipes for the central hot water supply circuit of a multi-storey building can be made of copper, metal-plastic and steel.

The latter type of material is practically not used in modern buildings.

Types of water supply schemes

There are three types of water supply system:

• collector;
• sequential;
• combined (mixed).

Recently, when a large number of plumbing equipment is increasingly found in apartments, they use collector wiring diagram . She happens to be the best option normal functioning of all devices. The collector-type hot water supply scheme eliminates pressure drops at different connection points. This is the main advantage of this system.

If we consider the diagram in more detail, we can conclude that there will be no problems with using the plumbing equipment for its intended purpose at the same time. The essence of the connection is that each individual water consumer is connected to the cold and hot water supply riser collectors separately. The pipes do not have many branches, so the likelihood of leakage is very low. Such water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings are easy to maintain, but the cost of the equipment is quite high.

According to experts, the collector hot water supply system requires the installation of a more complex installation of plumbing fixtures. However, these negative sides are not so critical, especially considering the fact that collector circuit there are many advantages, for example - hidden installation of pipes and taking into account the individual characteristics of the equipment.

Series circuit hot water supply multi-storey building - this is the easiest way to wire. This system is time-tested; it was put into operation during the Soviet era. The essence of its device is that the cold and hot water supply pipelines are parallel to each other. Engineers advise using this system in apartments with one bathroom and a small amount of plumbing equipment.

Popularly, such a hot water supply scheme for a multi-storey building is called a tee scheme. That is, from the main highways there are branches that are connected to each other by tees. Despite the ease of installation and savings consumables, this scheme has several main disadvantages:

1. In the event of a leak, it is difficult to look for damaged areas.
2. Inability to supply water to a separate plumbing fixture.
3. Difficulty in accessing pipes in case of breakdown.

Hot water supply for an apartment building. Scheme

Pipe connections are divided into two types: to the hot and cold water supply riser. Briefly they are called cold water and hot water. Special attention The hot water supply system of an apartment building deserves. The DHW network diagram consists of two types of wiring - lower and upper. To maintain high temperatures in the pipeline, looped wiring is often used. The gravitational pressure forces the water to circulate in the ring, despite the absence of water intake. In the riser it cools and enters the heater. Water with a higher temperature is supplied to the pipes. This is how continuous circulation of the coolant occurs.

Dead-end highways are also not uncommon, but most often they can be found in utility rooms industrial facilities and in small residential buildings with low number of floors. If water selection is planned intermittently, then a circulation pipeline is used. Engineers advise using hot water supply in apartment buildings (the diagram was discussed above) with a number of floors of no more than 4. A pipeline with a dead-end riser is also found in dormitories, sanatoriums and hotels. Dead-end network pipes have a lower metal consumption and therefore cool faster.

WAN networks consist of a horizontal main pipeline and distribution risers. The latter provide pipe distribution to individual objects - apartments. DHW is installed as close as possible to plumbing equipment.

For buildings with a large length of main pipes, schemes with circulation and looped supply pipelines are used. A prerequisite is the installation of a pump to maintain circulation and constant water exchange.

Two-pipe DHW circuit - Photo 07

Modern builders and engineers are increasingly resorting to the use of two-pipe hot water systems. The principle of operation is that the pump takes water from the return line and supplies it to the heater. This pipeline has a higher metal consumption and is considered the most reliable for consumers.

, in which one heating installation serves several (at least one) apartment buildings residential buildings(MCD) within one block (neighborhood), town or city.

• Decentralized (autonomous ), in which the preparation of hot water occurs near water taps (at the point of consumption) and is carried out by small heat generators: gas, electric or wood-burning water heaters - columns, etc.

Hot water supply systems (DHW) based on their operating principle are divided into open and closed .

Open system DHW is a system in which water for hot water supply is taken directly from the supply and return pipelines of the heating network (heating system), mixed in special devices - hydraulic elevators and supplied to water taps.

Closed system DHW is a system in which cold water is taken from the water supply network, heated by the heat of network water in special heaters - boilers located in heating points (in basements) of houses, without coming into contact or mixing with the coolant - the water of the heating system, and then goes to the water distribution points. taps of the MKD hot water system.

Exist independent open systems DHW, in which there are no connections between the hot water and heating pipelines, and cold water for DHW needs, taken from the water supply network, is heated at a thermal power plant, in district or house (roof) boiler houses and supplied to the apartment building through separate hot water supply networks.

Pressure(and, accordingly, consumption) of water in DHW systems it is created by pumps located at thermal power plants, in district or house (roof) boiler houses.

Most DHW systems are in accordance with regulatory documents have circulation system - pipelines and/or circulation pumps through which water is continuously circulated. As a result, along the entire length of the hot water supply pipelines, including near the water taps, the water temperature is constantly maintained in accordance with the requirements of the standards - not lower than 60 degrees C.

A hotline may not have a circulation line only if it is not designed by illiterate “specialists” or if thieving builders “forget” to build it with the connivance of their accomplices - city authorities, or if housing and communal services plumbers steal it for scrap metal.

However, in cases where hot water is constantly drawn from the DHW system (in bathhouses, in technological installations) and when the supply pipelines from the heat source to the water collection points are short, the DHW system may not have circulation.

Both open and closed hot water systems during design, installation and reconstruction must be equipped with devices for automatically maintaining the water temperature within standard values ​​- not lower than 60 and not higher than 75 degrees. WITH.

(bases:

Clause 5.2.4 of the Code of Rules SP 30.13330.2012 “ Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings" Updated edition of SNiP 2.04.01-85;
clause 15.14 of the Code of Rules SP 124.13330.2012 "SNIP 41-02-2003. Heating network"Updated version of SNiP 41-02-2003 (approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2012 N 280);
- clause 5.3.1 of the document “Rules and Standards technical operation housing stock" (approved by the Post of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated September 27, 2003 N 170)).

Water quality in open and closed systems DHW must comply with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality in centralized systems drinking water supply. Quality control".

However, although the hot water of the DHW system must match the quality of the cold drinking water, sanitary doctors do not recommend using it as drinking water, especially with an open hot water system, since in practice its contamination is possible. For example, at the beginning of the start-up period or after repair of hot water supply equipment, the water becomes contaminated with dirt and sediment washed out of the pipes. Therefore, it is recommended to use hot water mainly for laundry, washing dishes, and other sanitary and hygienic needs.

Compiled by housing and communal services specialist Yuri Kalnin

In order for any residential building to function normally, it is necessary to install a water supply system. Its proper design will ensure timely supply and sufficient water pressure. This article will discuss in detail the hot water supply scheme, types of connection and its features in an apartment building.

Water supply and sanitation scheme - Photo 01

What is special about the water supply of an apartment building?

It is very difficult to provide water to a building with a large number of storeys. After all, the house consists of many apartments with separate bathrooms and plumbing fixtures. In other words, water supply schemes in apartment buildings are a kind of complex with separate pipe distributions, pressure regulators, filters and metering equipment.

Most often, residents of high-rise buildings use water from the central water supply. With the help of a water supply, it is supplied to individual plumbing fixtures under a certain pressure. Often water is purified using chlorination.

Composition of the central water supply system

Centralized water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings consist of a distribution network, water intake structures and treatment plants. Before getting into the apartment, water travels a long way from the pumping station to the reservoir. Only after purification and disinfection is water sent to the distribution network. With the help of the latter, water is supplied to appliances and equipment. Pipes for the central hot water supply circuit of a multi-storey building can be made of copper, metal-plastic and steel.

Schematic diagram centralized system water supply – Photo 02

The latter type of material is practically not used in modern buildings.

Types of water supply schemes

There are three types of water supply system:

• collector;
• sequential;
• combined (mixed).

Recently, when a large amount of plumbing equipment is increasingly found in apartments, a manifold wiring diagram is used. It is the best option for the normal functioning of all devices. The collector-type hot water supply scheme eliminates pressure drops at different connection points. This is the main advantage of this system.

Scheme collector wiring pipes – Photo 03

If we consider the diagram in more detail, we can conclude that there will be no problems with using the plumbing equipment for its intended purpose at the same time. The essence of the connection is that each individual water consumer is connected to the cold and hot water supply riser collectors separately. The pipes do not have many branches, so the likelihood of leakage is very low. Such water supply schemes in multi-storey buildings are easy to maintain, but the cost of the equipment is quite high.

According to experts, the collector hot water supply system requires the installation of a more complex installation of plumbing fixtures. However, these negative aspects are not so critical, especially considering the fact that the collector circuit has many advantages, for example, hidden installation of pipes and taking into account the individual characteristics of the equipment.

Sequential layout of water supply pipes in an apartment - Photo 04

A sequential hot water supply circuit for a multi-storey building is the simplest wiring method. This system is time-tested; it was put into operation during the Soviet era. The essence of its device is that the cold and hot water supply pipelines are parallel to each other. Engineers advise using this system in apartments with one bathroom and a small amount of plumbing equipment.

Popularly, such a hot water supply scheme for a multi-storey building is called a tee scheme. That is, from the main highways there are branches that are connected to each other by tees. Despite the ease of installation and saving on consumables, this scheme has several main disadvantages:

1. In the event of a leak, it is difficult to look for damaged areas.
2. Inability to supply water to a separate plumbing fixture.
3. Difficulty in accessing pipes in case of breakdown.

Hot water supply for an apartment building. Scheme

Pipe connections are divided into two types: to the hot and cold water supply riser. Briefly they are called cold water and hot water. The hot water supply system of an apartment building deserves special attention. The DHW network diagram consists of two types of wiring - lower and upper. To maintain high temperatures in the pipeline, looped wiring is often used. The gravitational pressure forces the water to circulate in the ring, despite the absence of water intake. In the riser it cools and enters the heater. Water with a higher temperature is supplied to the pipes. This is how continuous circulation of the coolant occurs.

Home hot water supply - Photo 05

Dead-end highways are also not uncommon, but most often they can be found in utility rooms of industrial facilities and in small residential buildings with low storeys. If water selection is planned intermittently, then a circulation pipeline is used. Engineers advise using hot water supply in apartment buildings (the diagram was discussed above) with a number of floors of no more than 4. A pipeline with a dead-end riser is also found in dormitories, sanatoriums and hotels. Dead-end network pipes have a lower metal consumption and therefore cool faster.

DHW networks include a horizontal main pipeline and distribution risers. The latter provide pipe distribution to individual objects - apartments. DHW is installed as close as possible to plumbing equipment.

For buildings with a large length of main pipes, schemes with circulation and looped supply pipelines are used. A prerequisite is the installation of a pump to maintain circulation and constant water exchange.

Single-pipe DHW circuit - Photo 06

Two-pipe DHW circuit - Photo 07

Modern builders and engineers are increasingly resorting to the use of two-pipe hot water systems. The principle of operation is that the pump takes water from the return line and supplies it to the heater. This pipeline has a higher metal consumption and is considered the most reliable for consumers.