Presentation on the geography of natural areas of Australia. Presentation for a geography lesson (7th grade) on the topic: Natural areas of Australia - presentation

The originality of the organic world Nature has created in Australia, as it were, a huge nature reserve, where plants and animals similar to those that inhabited the Earth in ancient times and disappeared on other continents have been preserved. The species composition of plants and animals is poor and unique.

The fauna is also unique. Only here live the most primitive animals - the echidna and the platypus. The fauna is also unique. Only here live the most primitive animals - the echidna and the platypus. They hatch the cubs from eggs, and feed them with milk, like mammals, the cubs lick the milk from the mother’s fur. They hatch the cubs from eggs, and feed them with milk, like mammals, the cubs lick the milk from the mother’s fur.

The echidna looks like a small porcupine, as it is covered with coarse fur and quills. The maximum body length is approximately 30 cm. Their lips are beak-shaped. Echidnas' limbs are short and quite strong, with large claws, allowing them to dig well. Echidnas have no teeth and a small mouth. The food consists of termites and ants, which echidnas catch with their long sticky tongue, as well as small invertebrates, which echidnas crush in their mouths, pressing their tongues to the palate. Echidnas look like a small porcupine, as they are covered with coarse hair and quills. The maximum body length is approximately 30 cm. Their lips are beak-shaped. Echidnas' limbs are short and quite strong, with large claws, allowing them to dig well. Echidnas have no teeth and a small mouth. The food consists of termites and ants, which echidnas catch with their long sticky tongue, as well as small invertebrates, which echidnas crush in their mouths, pressing their tongue to the roof of the mouth.

The koala is a lazy animal; it sleeps about 20 hours a day. The koala feeds on many varieties of eucalyptus leaves, which are inedible to most other animals. The word "Koala" comes from the Aboriginal dictionary, it means "does not drink." Surprisingly, the koala actually gets its moisture from eucalyptus leaves and therefore does not need to drink. Otherwise, it would be too difficult, if not impossible, for the slow-moving koala to get from the forest to a source of fresh water.

Opossums are small, cat-sized Australian animals. They are quite often confused with opossums that live in America. The difference is obvious - Australian opossums are marsupials. Like most Australian animals, possums are nocturnal; it is almost impossible to see them in sunlight. But at night they can easily be found in many city parks and just in gardens. Some even claim that the opossum is the most harmful Australian animal - at night it sometimes interferes with sleep - it sniffles, makes noise, makes nests under the roofs of houses and shits on the roofs of cars parked on the street. It's funny that possums are often chased by cats, and cats behave like dogs chasing cats themselves. A cat with a menacing snort chases a snarling possum, which climbs a tree, after which the animals begin to yell at each other - to the delight of the residents. Shining a flashlight along the treetops, you can see eyes glowing with reflected light. Most likely this is an opossum. Then you can try to lure him with an apple so that he climbs down from the tree lower. Opossums are small, cat-sized Australian animals. They are quite often confused with opossums that live in America. The difference is obvious - Australian opossums are marsupials. Like most Australian animals, possums are nocturnal; it is almost impossible to see them in sunlight. But at night they can easily be found in many city parks and just in gardens. Some even claim that the opossum is the most harmful Australian animal - at night it sometimes interferes with sleep - it sniffles, makes noise, makes nests under the roofs of houses and shits on the roofs of cars parked on the street. It's funny that possums are often chased by cats, and cats behave like dogs chasing cats themselves. A cat with a menacing snort chases a snarling possum, which climbs a tree, after which the animals begin to yell at each other - to the delight of the residents. Shining a flashlight along the treetops, you can see eyes glowing with reflected light. Most likely this is an opossum. Then you can try to lure him with an apple so that he climbs down from the tree lower.

The Tasmanian devil is a unique animal found exclusively on the Australian island of Tasmania. It is a muscular predator about the size of a small dog, covered in black fur. Devils are famous for their appetite and enormous bite force. Considering the small size of the animal, the jaws of the Tasmanian devil are stronger than those of any other animal.

The dingo is a wild Australian dog. She simultaneously has some features of a wolf and a domestic dog. Dingoes live in Australia and some countries in Southeast Asia. Dingoes are typically tawny, sometimes with a tinge of yellow or red. Albino dingoes are completely white.

The emu is a large flightless Australian bird. It is the second largest bird in the world, after the African ostrich, reaching a meter in height and weighing up to 60 kilograms. Emus are excellent runners; over short distances they reach speeds of up to 50 km/h. However, emus usually walk at a speed of 4-7 km/h, covering km per day. Emus are also good swimmers and are able to swim across rivers that get in their way. Instead of swimming, emus prefer to simply splash around in the water. The emu is a large flightless Australian bird. It is the second largest bird in the world, after the African ostrich, reaching a meter in height and weighing up to 60 kilograms. Emus are excellent runners; over short distances they reach speeds of up to 50 km/h. However, emus usually walk at a speed of 4-7 km/h, covering km per day. Emus are also good swimmers and are able to swim across rivers that get in their way. Instead of swimming, emus prefer to simply splash around in the water.

Kookaburra Measuring in inches and often weighing more than 500 grams, the kookaburra is the largest member of the Kingffisher family. With its massive, strong beak, feathers in various shades of brown and white and gray belly (males sport iridescent blue markings on their wings) - the kookaburra is a common sight in both rural and urban areas. Kookaburras move in family groups and feed on small mammals, snakes, lizards and insects. The kookaburra is also known as the mockingbird. She earned this nickname thanks to her loud, comical, humanoid laughter - the sound with which Australia wakes up.

All imported animals, plants, as well as products made from such animals or plants are subject to mandatory declaration. Australia has fairly strict regulations regarding products made from endangered animals and plants. In particular, bans and restrictions have been established on the import of goods made from animals, plants and materials such as turtles, crocodiles, alligators, snakes, elephants, rhinoceroses, lizards, monitor lizards, zebras, whales, representatives of the cat family, hard corals, giant shells shellfish, orchids, sturgeon caviar. The import of such goods is permitted on the basis of a permit issued by the Ministry of Environment.

Quiz 1. Which bear is called the furry symbol of Australia? 1. Which bear is called the furry symbol of Australia? 1. Koala 1. Koala 2. Why have laws been passed in Australia prohibiting the import of plants and animals and the export of rare species? 2.Why have laws been passed in Australia prohibiting the import of plants and animals and the export of rare species? 2.In order to preserve the unique organic world of the continent. 2.In order to preserve the unique organic world of the continent. 3.What animals are found only in Australia? 3.What animals are found only in Australia? 3. Marsupials, echidna, dingo, emu, kiwi 3. Marsupials, echidna, dingo, emu, kiwi 4. What animals are called marsupials? Why are they called that? 4.What animals are called marsupials? Why are they called that? 4. Kangaroos, wombats, numbats, squirrels, koalas, etc. They have a fold of skin on their abdomen, in the form of a bag, where they bear their young. 4. Kangaroos, wombats, numbats, squirrels, koalas, etc. They have a fold of skin on their abdomen, in the form of a bag, where they bear their young. 5.What is Australia called scrub? 5.What is Australia called scrub? 5. Thickets of thorny bushes and low-growing eucalyptus trees 5. Thickets of thorny bushes and low-growing eucalyptus trees 6. Which plant is a symbol of Australia? How is this plant used in medicine and agriculture? 6.Which plant is the symbol of Australia? How is this plant used in medicine and agriculture? 6. Eucalyptus: construction material, essential oils 6. Eucalyptus: building material, essential oils 7. The first Europeans who landed on the shores of Australia were amazed by the fauna of the continent. It turned out to be even more peculiar than the plant one. How do you explain this fact? What Australian animals are we talking about? 7. The first Europeans who landed on the shores of Australia were amazed by the fauna of the mainland. It turned out to be even more peculiar than the plant one. How do you explain this fact? What Australian animals are we talking about? 7. Marsupials 7. Marsupials

8. Why is Australia called a “country of refuge”? 8. Why is Australia called a “country of refuge”? 8. In Australia, many plants and animals have been preserved, similar to those that inhabited the Earth in ancient times and disappeared on other continents. The continent has long been separated from other continents. 8. In Australia, many plants and animals have been preserved, similar to those that inhabited the Earth in ancient times and disappeared on other continents. The continent has long been separated from other continents. 9. Which tree is the most common in Australia? 9. Which tree is the most common in Australia? 9. Eucalyptus 9. Eucalyptus 10. Which Australian savannah tree stores water in its thick trunk? 10. Which Australian savannah tree stores water in its thick trunk? 10. Bottle tree 10. Bottle tree 11. “Paradox with a bird's beak” - this is the name of the animal translated from Latin. Who is the “paradox”? 11. “Paradox with a bird’s beak” - this is the name of the animal translated from Latin. Who is the “paradox”? 11.Platypus 11.Platypus 12. Which animal feeds exclusively on ants and termites? 12. Which animal feeds exclusively on ants and termites? 12. Echidna 12. Echidna

Game “The originality of the flora and fauna of Australia” We divide the class into 3 groups. We divide the class into 3 groups. Each group chooses 2 natural zones. Each group chooses 2 natural zones. I show pictures of animals and plants of Australia, naming them. I show pictures of animals and plants in Australia, naming them. You collect pictures belonging to your zones. You collect pictures belonging to your zones. After this, we “populate” our natural areas by gluing pictures with tape to the map. This is done by 1 representative from the team. After this, we “populate” our natural areas by gluing pictures with tape to the map. This is done by 1 representative from the team. Simultaneously with filling out the map, mark the animals and plants on the outline map with a capital letter. For example: koala - K, eucalyptus - E. Simultaneously with filling out the map, mark animals and plants on the outline map with a capital letter. For example: koala - K, eucalyptus - E.

Answers Tropical (equatorial) forests – breadfruit, coconut palm, emu, echidna, corella parrot Tropical (equatorial) forests – breadfruit, coconut palm, emu, echidna, cockatiel parrot Variable wet forests – ficus, tree fern, eucalyptus , palm tree, cockatoo parrot, budgies, bird of paradise, lyrebird. Variably wet forests - ficus, tree fern, eucalyptus, palm, cockatoo, budgerigars, bird of paradise, lyrebird. Savannas and woodlands - mangroves, bottle tree, umbrella acacia, eucalyptus, wombat, koala, cassowary, platypus Savannahs and woodlands - mangroves, bottle tree, umbrella acacia, eucalyptus, wombat, koala, cassowary, platypus Semi-deserts and deserts - scrub tree, grass tree, monitor lizard, kangaroo, echidna, snakes , dingo, emu. Semi-deserts and deserts - scrub, grass tree, monitor lizard, kangaroo, echidna, snakes, dingo, emu. Hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs - eucalyptus, marsupial squirrel Hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs - eucalyptus, marsupial squirrel Mixed forests - eucalyptus, nambat, kiwi. Mixed forests - eucalyptus, nambat, kiwi.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Exercise. 1. Compare the Natural Areas of the World map, a set of natural areas in Australia and South Africa. 2. Name the reason for the similarity of natural areas. 3. Identify the natural area that dominates in area in Australia and South Africa. 4. Write down the results in your notebook.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Assignment Using the text on page 153, answer the question why, despite the fact that the natural areas of Australia and South Africa are the same, plant and animal world completely different? 1 reason……. Reason 2…….

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. The organic world of Australia is original and unique. There are no plants with juicy fruits. There are no monkeys and no ungulates here. 162 species of marsupials! Oviparous and milk-feeding organisms live on this continent and are not found anywhere else on Earth. 75% 92%

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Flora of Australia. Of the 12 thousand species of higher plants, 9 thousand are endemic. Assignment: Using the text on the page in the textbook, write down in your notebook the main types of trees and shrubs growing in different natural zones of Australia.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Flora of Australia. Most of Australia is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, where the climate is quite dry. Plants have adapted to this environment. Assignment: Using the text on page 154, describe how some types of trees have adapted to the dry conditions of deserts?

Student worksheet(s) ______________________ Assignment: fill out the table using information from the presentation slide on the topic “Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world." Name of the natural zone Vegetation Fauna Birds Tropical rainforests Hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs (dry tropical forests) Savannahs Semi-deserts and deserts Assignment: After listening and reading the text of the science fiction writer J. Verne, write about what natural phenomena, plants, animals he writes about. ______________________________________________________________ ASSESSMENT for the work: Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Flora of Australia. Desert zones occupy the vast central part of Australia. There is almost no vegetation on the sandy ridges of the deserts. But they don't look as lifeless as the deserts of Africa.

Flora of Australia. The central desert parts of the continent, where it is very hot and dry, are characterized by dense thickets of bushy eucalyptus and acacia trees. Assignment: What are these thickets called? Find the answer in the textbook on page Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Flora of Australia. The savannah zone is the second largest zone in Australia. Occupies the northern, eastern and southwestern parts of the mainland. Eucalyptus and acacia trees grow. Eucalyptus and umbrella acacias are located in groups. In desert savannas you can find the bottle tree. Bottle tree.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Flora of Australia. The tropical rainforest zone occupies the north East Coast mainland. The tallest species of Australian eucalyptus, ficus, and palm trees grow here. Tropical rainforest.Tree fern.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. The echidna and the platypus are primal animals. They were named so because on the one hand they resemble animals that are covered with fur, feed their young with milk, have four legs, and on the other hand they lay eggs. The echidna vaguely resembles a hedgehog with a large beak. Platypuses are excellent swimmers. They have webbed feet. The beak is very similar to a duck's.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. There are currently about 50 species of kangaroos in Australia. These are small (kangaroo rats), medium (wallabies) and large. Kangaroos are inhabitants of savannas in the east of the continent and the central part of semi-deserts. Red kangaroo wallaby.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. There are several types of tree kangaroos. They live in small groups in tropical forests. They often descend to the ground. They are hunted. Animal skin and meat are used. Tree kangaroo.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Wombat. Wombats are burrowing herbivores. They live in the savannas of lowland Australia. They have short, strong legs equipped with long claws with which they dig holes. These are marsupials. The bag opens backwards. Therefore, the earth does not fall into it when the wombat moves through its burrows.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Possums. The Australian possum is an inhabitant of savannas and tropical forests. They can be found in parks and gardens. There is a wide variety of species of these marsupial mammals. Fat-tailed possum Possum - honey badger

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Tasmanian marsupial devil. The marsupial devil is an inhabitant of the tropical forests of Australia. This is a bloodthirsty predator. Hunts at night for rats, small kangaroos, and parrots. Very clean. Loves to swim and bask in the sun.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. An extinct species. The marsupial wolf (telacin) was exterminated as a result of uncontrolled shooting and trapping as a ferocious predator. Canine distemper contributed to a significant decline in the species. The last predator was killed in 1930. Lived in tropical forests and savannas.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. The world of birds is beautiful and diverse. The kiwi bird and emmu ostrich belong to the order of ratites, i.e., a group of birds incapable of flight. Their pectoral muscles are poorly developed, the feathers on their wings are soft, and their body is covered with hair-like feathers. The emmu ostrich is an inhabitant of savannas, and the kiwi is of tropical rainforests. Kiwi bird Ostrich emmu

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Birds are lyres. The lyrebird is an inhabitant of tropical rainforests. The male has an amazingly beautiful lyre-shaped tail. Lyrebird is considered national bird Australia. The unusual ability of these birds is to imitate sound.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. Birds of paradise. The bird of paradise is one of the most beautiful birds of New Guinea living in the Australian region. The main habitat is tropical forest. They are closest to corvids (ravens). With the extraordinary beauty of its plumage, the voice of the bird of paradise is similar to the croaking of a crow.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. To protect nature, many nature reserves and national parks have been created in Australia. The most famous and visited by tourists is Ayres-York in central Australia. Here is the largest stone monolith on Earth, Uluru.

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. J. Verne “I swear to you that this region is the most curious on the entire globe! Its appearance, nature, plants, animals, climate, its future disappearance - all this surprised, surprises and will still surprise scientists all over the world! Imagine, my friends, a continent that rose from the sea waves not with the central part, but with the edges, like some kind of giant ring, the continent in the center of which is a half-evaporated sea, where the rivers are drying up more and more every day, where there is no moisture in any way. air, nor in the soil, where trees annually lose not leaves, but bark, where leaves face the sun not with their surface, but with their edges and do not provide shade; where fire-resistant forests grow, where the trees are short and the grass is gigantic in height. Where the animals are unusual: where the four-legged animals have beaks!... The most bizarre, most illogical country that has ever existed! The earth is paradoxical, rejecting the laws of nature."

Natural areas of Australia. The originality of the organic world. The following sources were used to create the presentation. Illustrated encyclopedia for schoolchildren “The World of Wildlife.” Translation from English by A.I. Kim. Moscow "ROSMAN" 1999. Geography of continents and oceans. 7th grade: Textbook for general education. textbook Institutions/V.A. Korinskaya, I.V. Dushina, V.A. Shchenev. - M.: Bustard, 2006. Countries and peoples. Scientific - popular geography - ethnographic ed. in 20 tons. Australia and Oceania. Antarctica. Redkol. P.I. Puchkov (ed.) - M.: Thought, the best national parks. The greatest treasures of mankind on five continents / Transl. from English - M.: LLC TD Publishing House World of Books, Traveler Magazine/National Geographic/ Site materials www. yandex. ru. “Geography” (grades 6 – 10) Electronic library visual aids. Multimedia publications on geography for general education educational institutions. Republican Multimedia Center, 2003.

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Flora and fauna of Australia

• Kangaroo is a herbivorous marsupial. Giant kangaroo - height - 2 m, body weight - up to 90 kg, speed - 20 -80 km/h.
• Dwarf kangaroo - height up to 30 cm, body weight - up to 20 kg. The female gives birth to one calf weighing 1 g, 2 cm long, which lives in the pouch for up to 6 months. Large kangaroos live up to 16 years. Emu is the second component Australian coat of arms. The emu is a human-sized bird that runs faster than a horse, and the kick of its foot is no weaker than the kick of a horse's hoof.
• The platypus is an oviparous mammal with a wide, flat beak that strains food in the water. It has five-toed feet with webbed tissue and thick dark brown fur. The hatchlings are naked and blind, 2.5 cm long. It feeds on worms, crayfish, and eggs. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle.
• The bottle tree has an original bottle trunk, in which a large amount of moisture accumulates, which is consumed during the dry season. Tree height 15 m, dense crown with narrow leaves.
• There are 500 species of eucalyptus in Australia that grow in dry river beds. The height is more than 100 m, and the roots go 30 m deep, which is why they are called “living pumps”. The leaves are arranged on an edge and the bark is shed from the trunk, and people call it the “shameless tree.”

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NATURAL AREAS OF AUSTRALIA Spiridonova Alexandra, Andriyanova Veronica, Farzullaeva Karina, 7b.

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Australia is a continent in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia, one of the highly developed countries in the world, attracts with its mild climate. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world in terms of territory, and it is the only state that occupies an entire continent. The Commonwealth of Australia includes the Australian mainland and several islands, the largest of which is Tasmania. On the mainland, diverse nature coexists with modern, densely populated megacities. Although most The continent is occupied by semi-deserts and deserts; Australia has a variety of landscapes: from alpine meadows to tropical jungles. Australia is home to unique species of flora and fauna, some of which are not found elsewhere on the planet. Many plants and animals, including giant marsupials, became extinct with the arrival of the aborigines.

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Natural areas of Australia Australia differs from other continents of the globe in its antiquity and unique flora and fauna. They were formed under conditions of long-term isolation of the continent (since the Cretaceous period). Among plants, endemics account for 75% of species. The most characteristic representatives of the flora of Australia are eucalyptus (more than 600 species), acacia (490 species) and casuarina (25 species). Among the eucalyptus trees there are giants reaching 150 m in height, as well as shrubby forms. Araucarias, proteaceae, southern beeches, tree ferns, palms and a number of other plants indicate the presence in the past of land connections with other continents (South America, Africa, Southeast Asia). Among continents, Australia ranks first in the relative area of ​​deserts and semi-deserts and last in forest area. However, only 2% of Australia's forests are of industrial importance. The central and western regions of Australia within the tropical zone are occupied by deserts and semi-deserts with sparse vegetation of hard grasses and shrubby forms of eucalyptus and acacia (scrape). In deserts, special primitive soils are formed, often colored red. Equatorial, subequatorial and tropical rainforests occur in small areas in the far north of the continent and along the eastern windward slopes of the Great Dividing Range. In these forests, palms, ficuses, laurels, tree ferns intertwined with vines grow mainly on red ferralite soils; Eucalyptus trees predominate in the forests of the eastern part. The subequatorial climate zone corresponds mainly to savannas and woodlands (eucalyptus, acacia and casuarina). Red-brown and red-brown soils form under the canopy of light eucalyptus forests and in savannas. Within the subtropical zone in the southeast and southwest of the continent, special natural complexes are formed. In the humid subtropical forests in the southeast of the continent, eucalyptus forests grow on red soils and yellow soils, and evergreen southern beeches grow in the southern part of this zone. In the southwest of the mainland there is a zone of hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs of typical Australian species on brown soils. All natural areas of Australia convenient for farming are occupied by fields and plantations of crops imported from Europe and other parts of the world. Along with cereals, grapevines, cotton, corn, rice, many vegetables and fruit trees are well acclimatized here.

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The unusual appearance of the kangaroo amazed the first Europeans to set foot on the shores of the continent. The image of a kangaroo was then included in the country's coat of arms. Kangaroo

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Koala Koalas live in coastal areas in eastern and southern Australia, from Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula, as well as on Kangaroo Island, where they were introduced in the early 20th century. They are also common in regions with enough moisture to support forests suitable for koalas. South Australia's koalas were largely wiped out during the first half of the 20th century, but with the help of individuals from Victoria, the koala population in South Australia has been restored. This animal is not native to Tasmania or Western Australia.

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Platypus The platypus is a secretive, nocturnal, semi-aquatic animal that inhabits the banks of small rivers and standing ponds in eastern Australia over a wide range from the cold plateaus of Tasmania and the Australian Alps to the tropical rainforests of coastal Queensland. The body length of the platypus is 30-40 cm, the tail is 10-15 cm, and it weighs up to 2 kg. Males are about a third larger than females. The body of the platypus is squat, short-legged; the tail is flattened, similar to the tail of a beaver, but covered with hair, which noticeably thins with age. In the tail of the platypus, like the Tasmanian devil, reserves of fat are deposited. Its fur is thick, soft, usually dark brown on the back and reddish or gray on the belly.

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Emu Ostrich The emu is a large flightless Australian bird of the causaridae order. Previously, emus were classified as ostrich-like, but in the 1980s the classification was revised.

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Meerkat Meerkat is a species of mammal from the mongoose family. Distributed in South Africa, mainly in the Kalahari Desert: in the territories of southwestern Angola, Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, they were previously noticed in Madagascar.

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Flora in Australia Since the Australian continent for a long time, starting from the mid-Cretaceous period, was isolated from other parts of the globe, it vegetable world very unique. Of the 12 thousand species of higher plants, more than 9 thousand are endemic, that is, they grow only on the Australian continent. Endemics include many species of eucalyptus and acacia, the most typical plant families of Australia. At the same time, there are also plants here that are inherent South America(for example, southern beech), South Africa (representatives of the Proteaceae family) and the islands of the Malay Archipelago (ficus, pandanus, etc.). This indicates that many millions of years ago there were land connections between the continents. In general, Australia's forest resources are small. The total area of ​​forest, including special stands consisting mainly of softwood species (mainly radiata pine), accounted for only 5.6% of Australia in the late 1970s. The first colonists did not find plant species characteristic of Europe on the mainland. Subsequently, European and other species of trees, shrubs and grasses were introduced to Australia. Grapevines, cotton, grains (wheat, barley, oats, rice, corn, etc.), vegetables, many fruit trees, etc. are well established here.

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The originality of the organic world of Australia Geography lesson in the 7th grade Geography and biology teacher of the municipal educational institution "General Educational School" in the village of Nebdino Timusheva N.V.

Goal: To create conditions for the formation of knowledge about the uniqueness of the organic world of Australia. Objectives: Educational: to contribute to the formation of knowledge about the endemics of Australia, the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships in the uniqueness of the organic world in nature. Developmental: development of students’ cognitive activity, logical thinking, ability to analyze, compare, and draw conclusions. Educational: developing the ability to work in a team, the ability to assess the level of one’s knowledge, cultivate a sense of responsibility and empathy.

“...This region is the most curious on the entire globe! Its appearance, plants, animals, climate - all this surprised, surprises and will still surprise... The most bizarre, most illogical country that has ever existed!..” Jules Verne “The Children of Captain Grant”

Nature has created a huge reserve in Australia, where many plants and animals have been preserved, similar to those that inhabited the Earth in ancient times and disappeared on other continents.

Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia The kangaroo is a symbol of Australia. His image, along with the image of an emu, adorns the country's coat of arms.

There are three types of giant kangaroos: gray kangaroos, the largest of the entire family, red or steppe kangaroos, slightly inferior in size to their gray relatives, and the smallest of the gigantic kangaroos - mountain ones. Family Kangaroo Red or steppe kangaroos Gray kangaroos

The second animal after the kangaroo depicted on the coat of arms of Australia. The emu is a large flightless Australian bird, the second largest bird in the world, after the African ostrich, it reaches 1.5-2 meters in height and weighs up to 60 kilograms.

Oviparous, or primal beasts This unique animal is one of the symbols of Australia; it appears on the reverse of the Australian 20 cent coin. The platypus gets its eloquent name from its soft beak covered with elastic skin. In my own way appearance Echida resembles porcupines. They have short, stiff hair on their body, as well as long spines located over the entire surface of their back. Echidnas feed their young with milk using pores in the milk field. platypus echidna

The koala or marsupial bear is the only species of the koala family. Koalas are endemic to Australia. Animals live on eucalyptus trees. They are only herbivores and true marsupials!

There are no trees in the world taller than eucalyptus trees. Their maximum height is 155 meters. Eucalyptus trees have over 600 species and varieties in their genus. One of characteristic features of this tree - the specific smell of its leaves, secreted by essential oil glands, and different types Eucalyptus trees each give off their own scent: lemon, rose, violet, lilac, mint, camphor, turpentine, laurel... They grow in their homeland, in Australia.

Bottle tree In Australia, this plant is very well adapted to heat, drought and lack of water. From a distance it looks like a giant bottle. Moisture accumulates in the trunk and is used up during drought.

Casuarina Casuarina is another plant most common to Australia. This is a strange-looking tree or shrub with thin, drooping shoots and no leaves. In appearance it resembles horsetail, and in the shape of the crown it is similar to spruce. This is what they call it - the “Christmas tree”. The thin shoots of casuarinas resemble the hair-like fine feathers of cassowaries, large running birds that live near casuarinas. Because of its very durable, bright red wood, casuarina is also called “iron wood.”

Marsupial or Tasmanian devil Family Marsupials of carnivores. Body length 52-80 cm, tail 23-30 cm. Lives in forests, active at night, during the day hiding in cracks among stones, in voids under fallen trees. Feeds on various vertebrates. This beast is not just a predator, but truly a devil in the flesh. He is angry to the point of rage and even the sounds that the marsupial devil makes are similar to a roar with some kind of creepy cough. Body length 52-80 cm, tail 23-30 cm.

Dingo is a secondarily feral domestic dog, the only placental predator in the aboriginal fauna of Australia.

Wombats are a family of two-incisor marsupials native to Australia. Wombats are burrowing herbivores that resemble small bears in appearance.

About 350 species of birds are endemic Lyrebird or lyre bird Laughing kookaburra

Australian crocodile On the Australian continent, the most common species is the Australian Johnston's crocodile, or Australian narrow-snouted crocodile. These reptiles have a short body length - up to three meters. Australian freshwater crocodiles do not hunt people, and even with an accidental bite, a person does not face particularly serious injuries.

Australia is famous for its great abundance of amphibians, especially frogs. 93% of the 5,280 frog species are endemic. Of these, the family of Australian toads, the genus of Australian tree frogs, etc. should be noted. Australian blue tree frog

Natural areas of Australia

Conclusions: The Australian mainland has been isolated from other continents for a long time. Here, in a favorable climate, unique ecosystems with species of plants and animals unique to them were formed. The species composition of plants and animals is poor and unique. Of the 12 thousand species, about 9 thousand are endemic! Among flowering plants 85% are endemic, among mammals – 84%, and almost all coastal fish are unique – 90%! It’s not for nothing that Australia is called a continent-reserve. Australians take good care of their nature.