To whom in Russia it is easy to live a summary. Analysis of the poem "who lives well in Russia" by chapters, the composition of the work

Before you - summary Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" The poem was conceived as a "people's book", an epic depicting a whole era in the life of the people. The poet himself spoke of his work as follows:

“I decided to present in a coherent story everything that I know about the people, everything that I happened to hear from their lips, and I started “Who should live well in Russia”. It will be the epic of modern peasant life.”

As you know, the poet did not finish the poem. Only the first of 4 parts was completed.

We have not reduced the main points to which you should pay attention. The rest is given in brief.

Summary of “Who lives well in Russia” chapter by chapter

Click on the desired chapter or part of the work to go to its summary

PART ONE

PART TWO

PART THREE

peasant woman

PART FOUR

Feast - for the whole world

PART ONE

PROLOGUE - summary

In what year - count,

In what land - guess

On the pillar path

Seven men came together:

Seven temporarily liable,

tightened province,

County Terpigorev,

empty parish,

From adjacent villages:

Zaplatova, Dyryavina,

Razutova, Znobishina,

Gorelova, Neelova -

Crop failure, too,

Agreed - and argued:

Who has fun

Feel free in Russia?

Roman said: to the landowner,

“Demyan said: to an official,

Luke said: ass.

Fat-bellied merchant! -

Gubin brothers said

Ivan and Mitrodor.

Old man Pahom pushed

And he said, looking at the ground:

noble boyar,

Minister of the State.

And Prov said: to the king ...

Man what a bull: vtemyashitsya

In the head what a whim -

Stake her from there

You won’t knock out: they rest,

Everyone is on their own!

The men are arguing and do not notice how the evening comes. They built a fire, went for vodka, had a bite, and again began to argue about who lives "fun, freely in Russia." The dispute turned into a fight. At this time, a chick flew up to the fire. Pahom caught him. A chiffchaff bird appears and asks to let the chick go. In return, she tells how to find a self-assembled tablecloth. The groin releases the chick, the men go the indicated way and find a self-assembled tablecloth. The peasants decide not to return home until they find out "for certain", "Who lives happily, // Freely in Russia."

Chapter 1

The men are on their way. They meet peasants, artisans, coachmen, soldiers, and travelers understand that the life of these people cannot be called happy. Finally they meet pop. He proves to the peasants that the priest has no peace, no wealth, no happiness - it is difficult for a priest's son to get a diploma, the priesthood is even more expensive. The priest can be called at any time of the day or night, in any weather. The priest has to see the tears of the orphans and the death rattle of the dying. And there is no honor for the priest - they compose about him "funny tales // And obscene songs, // And all kinds of blasphemy." The priest has no wealth either - the rich landlords almost never live in Russia. The men agree with the priest. They go further.

Chapter 2

The peasants see poor living everywhere. A man bathes a horse in the river. The wanderers learn from him that all the people went to the fair. The men go there. At the fair, people trade, have fun, walk, drink. One peasant is crying in front of the people - he drank all the money, and the granddaughter of the guest is waiting at home. Pavlusha Veretennikov, nicknamed "master" bought shoes for his granddaughter. The old man is very happy. Wanderers are watching a performance in a booth.

Chapter 3

People return drunk after the fair.

People go and fall

As if because of the rollers

Buckshot enemies

They fire at the men.

Some man buries the little girl, while assuring that he is burying his mother. Women quarrel in a ditch: who has a worse house. Yakim Nagoi says that "there is no measure for Russian hops," but it is also impossible to measure the grief of the people.

What follows is a story about Yakime Nagom, who previously lived in St. Petersburg, then ended up in prison because of a lawsuit with a merchant. Then he came to live in his native village. He bought pictures with which he pasted over the hut and which he loved very much. There was a fire. Yakim rushed to save not the accumulated money, but the pictures that he later hung in the new hut. The people, returning, sing songs. Strangers are sad about own house about wives.

Chapter 4

Wanderers walk among the festive crowd with a bucket of vodka. They promise it to the one who convinces that he is really happy. The deacon is the first to come, he says that he is happy that he believes in the kingdom of heaven. They don't give him vodka. An old woman comes up and says that a very large turnip has been born in her garden. They laughed at her and did not give anything either. A soldier comes with medals, says that he is happy that he survived. They brought it to him.

Approached stonemason tells about his happiness - about great strength. His opponent is a thin man. He says that at one time God punished him for boasting the same way. The contractor praised him at the construction site, and he was glad - he took the burden of fourteen pounds and brought it to the second floor. Since then, and withered. He goes to die at home, an epidemic begins in the car, the dead are unloaded at the stations, but he still survived.

A courtyard man comes, boasts that he was the prince's favorite slave, that he licked plates with the remnants of gourmet food, drank foreign drinks from glasses, suffers from a noble disease of gout. He is chased away. A Belarusian comes up and says that his happiness lies in bread, which he can't get enough of. At home, in Belarus, he ate bread with chaff and bark. A man who had been hurt by a bear came and said that his comrades had died while hunting, but he remained alive. The man received vodka from strangers. The beggars boast that they are happy because they are often served. Wanderers understand that they were wasting vodka on " peasant happiness". They are advised to ask Ermil Girin, who kept the mill, about happiness. By decision of the court, the mill is sold at auction. Yermil won the bargain with the merchant Altynnikov, the clerks demanded a third of the cost immediately, contrary to the rules. Yermil did not have money with him, which was required to be paid within an hour, and it was a long way to go home.

He went out to the square and asked the people to lend as much as they could. They got more money than they needed. Yermil gave the money, the mill became his, and the next Friday he distributed the debts. The wanderers wonder why the people believed Girin and gave money. They answer him that he achieved this with the truth. Girin served as a clerk in the estate of Prince Yurlov. He served for five years and did not take anything from anyone, he was attentive to everyone. But he was expelled, and a new clerk came in his place - a scoundrel and a grabber. After the death of the old prince, the new master drove out all the old henchmen and ordered the peasants to elect a new steward. All unanimously elected Yermila. He served honestly, but one day he nevertheless committed an offense - his younger brother Mitrius " shielded”, and instead of him, the son of Nenila Vlasyevna went to the soldiers.

Since that time, Yermil has become homesick - he does not eat, does not drink, says that he is a criminal. He said that let him be judged according to his conscience. The son of Nenila Vlasvna was returned, and Mitriy was taken away, and a fine was imposed on Yermila. A year after that, he walked not on his own, then resigned from his post, no matter how he was begged to stay.

The narrator advises to go to Girin, but another peasant says that Yermil is in prison. A riot broke out, government troops were needed. To avoid bloodshed, they asked Girin to address the people.

The story is interrupted by the cries of a drunken lackey suffering from gout - now he is suffering from beatings for theft. The strangers leave.

Chapter 5

The landowner Obolt-Obolduev was

... "ruddy,

portly, squat,

sixty years;

Mustache gray, long,

Good fellows.

He mistook the men for robbers, even drew a pistol. But they told him what it was. Obolduev laughs, gets down from the carriage and tells about the life of the landowners.

At first he speaks of the antiquity of his kind, then he recalls the old days when

Not only Russian people,

Russian nature itself

Subdued us.

Then the landlords lived well - luxurious feasts, a whole regiment of servants, their own actors, etc. The landowner recalls dog hunting, unlimited power, how he christened with all his patrimony "on bright Sunday."

Now decay is everywhere - " Noble estate // As if everything was hidden, // Died out! The landowner cannot understand in any way why the “idle hacks” urge him to study and work, because he is a nobleman. He says that he has been living in the village for forty years, but he cannot distinguish a barley ear from a rye ear. The peasants think

The great chain is broken

Torn - jumped:

One end on the master,

Others for a man! ..

PART TWO

Last - summary

Wanderers go, they see haymaking. They take the braids from the women, they begin to mow. Music is heard from the river - this is a landowner riding in a boat. The gray-haired man Vlas urges the women - you should not upset the landowner. Three boats moor to the shore, in them the landowner with his family and servants.

The old landowner bypasses the hay, finds fault that the hay is damp, demands to dry it. He leaves with his retinue for breakfast. Wanderers ask Vlas (he turned out to be the burgomaster) why the landowner orders if serfdom is abolished. Vlas replies that they have a special landowner: when he learned about the abolition of serfdom, he had a stroke - the left half of his body was taken away, he lay motionless.

The heirs arrived, but the old man recovered. His sons told him about the abolition of serfdom, but he called them traitors, cowards, etc. Out of fear that they would be deprived of their inheritance, the sons decide to indulge him in everything.

That is why they persuade the peasants to play a comedy, as if the peasants were returned to the landlords. But some peasants did not need to be persuaded. Ipat, for example, says: And I'm a serf of the Utyatin princes - and that's the whole story! He recalls how the prince harnessed him to a cart, how he bathed him in an ice hole - he dipped him in one hole, pulled him out of another - and immediately gave him vodka.

The prince put Ipat on the goats to play the violin. The horse stumbled, Ipat fell, and the sleigh ran over him, but the prince left. But after a while he returned. Ipat is grateful to the prince that he did not leave him to freeze. Everyone agrees to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished.

Vlas does not agree to be the burgomaster. Agrees to be Klim Lavin.

Klim has a conscience of clay,

And Minin's beards,

Take a look, you'll think

Why not find a peasant

Degree and sober .

The old prince walks and orders, the peasants laugh at him on the sly. The peasant Agap Petrov did not want to obey the orders of the old landowner, and when he found him cutting down the forest, he told Utyatin directly about everything, calling him a pea jester. The duckling took the second blow. But contrary to the expectations of the heirs, the old prince recovered again and began to demand a public flogging of Agap.

The latter is being persuaded by the whole world. They took him to the stable, put a damask of wine in front of him and told him to shout louder. He shouted so that even Utyatin took pity. Drunk Agap was carried home. He died soon after: Klim shameless ruined him, anathema, blame!»

Utyatin is sitting at the table at this time. Peasants stand at the porch. Everyone is doing a comedy, as usual, except for one guy - he laughs. The man is a visitor, local orders are ridiculous to him. Utyatin again demands the punishment of the rebel. But the wanderers do not want to blame. Burmistrova's godfather saves the day - she says that her son was laughing - a foolish boy. Utyatin calms down, has fun and swaggers at dinner. Dies after dinner. Everyone breathed a sigh of relief. But the joy of the peasants was premature: “ With the death of the Last, the caress of the lord disappeared».

PEASANT WOMAN (FROM THE THIRD PART)

Prologue - summary

The wanderers decide to look for a happy man among women. They are advised to go to the village of Klin and ask for Matrena Timofeevna, nicknamed the "governor". Arriving in the village, the peasants see "wretched houses." The footman who met them explains that "The landowner is abroad, // And the steward is dying." Wanderers meet Matrena Timofeevna.

Matrena Timofeevna

stubborn woman,

Wide and dense

Thirty-eight years old.

Beautiful; gray hair,

The eyes are large, stern,

Eyelashes are the richest

Stern and swarthy.

Wanderers talk about their goal. The peasant woman replies that she has no time to talk about life now - she has to go harvest rye. The men offer to help. Matrena Timofeevna talks about her life.

Chapter 1 - Before marriage. Summary

Matrena Timofeevna was born in a friendly, non-drinking family and lived "like in Christ's bosom." There was a lot of work, but also a lot of fun. Then Matrena Timofeevna met her betrothed;

On the mountain - a stranger!

Philip Korchagin - St. Petersburg worker,

A baker by skill.

Chapter 2 - Songs. Summary

Matrena Timofeevna ends up in a strange house.

The family was big

Grumpy... I got it

From girlish holi to hell!

Husband went to work

Silence, patience advised ...

As ordered, so done:

She walked with anger in her heart.

And didn't say too much

Word to nobody.

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And as if there was no grief! ..

She says that her husband beat her only once, when her husband's sister arrived and he asked to give her shoes, but Matryona hesitated. Philip went back to work, and Matrena's son Demushka was born on Kazanskaya. Life in the mother-in-law's house has become even more difficult, but she endures:

Whatever they say, I work

No matter how they scold - I am silent.

Of the entire family of her husband, Matryona Timofeevna was pitied only by her grandfather Savely.

Chapter 3 Summary.

Matrena Timofeevna talks about Savelia.

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a big beard

Grandfather looked like a bear ...<…>

... He already knocked,

According to fairy tales, a hundred years.

Grandfather lived in a special room,

Didn't like families

He didn’t let me into his corner;

And she was angry, barking,

His "branded, convict"

He honored his own son.

Savely will not be angry,

He will go into his light,

Reads the holy calendar, is baptized

Yes, suddenly he will say cheerfully;

“Branded, but not a slave!”…

Savely tells Matryona why he is called "branded". In the years of his youth, the serfs of his village did not pay dues, did not go to corvée, because they lived in remote places and it was difficult to get there. The landowner Shalashnikov tried to collect quitrent, but was not very successful in this.

Excellently fought Shalashnikov,

And not so hot great

Received income.

Soon Shalashnikov (he was a military man) was killed near Varna. His heir sends a German governor.

He makes the peasants work. They themselves do not notice how they cut through the clearing, that is, it has now become easy to get to them.

And then came the hardship

Korega peasant-

Ruined to the bone!<…>

The German has a dead grip:

Until they let the world go

Without leaving, sucks!

This went on for eighteen years. The German built a factory, ordered to dig a well. The German began to scold those who dug the well for idleness (among them was Savely). The peasants pushed the German into a pit and the pit was dug up. Next - hard labor, Savelig! tried to run away from her, but he was caught. He spent twenty years in hard labor, another twenty in the settlement.

Chapter 4 Summary

Matryona Timofeevna gave birth to a son, but her mother-in-law does not allow her to be with the child, since the daughter-in-law began to work less.

The mother-in-law insists that Matryona Timofeevna leave her son with his grandfather. Savely overlooked the child: “The old man fell asleep in the sun, // He fed Demidushka to the pigs // Stupid grandfather! ..” Matryona blames her grandfather, cries. But it didn't end there:

The Lord got angry

He sent uninvited guests,

Wrong judges!

A doctor, a camp officer, and the police appear in the village, accuse Matryona of deliberately killing a child. The doctor makes an autopsy, despite the requests of Matryona " without reproach // To an honest burial // To betray the child ". They call her crazy. Grandfather Savely says that her madness lies in the fact that she went to the authorities without taking with her " no tselkovik, no novelty. They bury Demushka in a closed coffin. Matryona Timofeevna cannot come to her senses, Savely, trying to console her, says that her son is now in paradise.

Chapter 5

After Demushka died, Matryona "she was not herself," she could not work. The father-in-law decided to teach her a lesson with the reins. The peasant woman leaned at his feet and asked: "Kill!" The father-in-law retreated. Day and night Matrena Timofeevna is at her son's grave. Closer to winter, my husband arrived. Savely after the death of Demushki

For six days lay hopelessly

Then he went into the woods.

So sang, so cried grandfather,

What a forest groaned! And in autumn

Gone to repentance

At the Sand Monastery.

Every year Matryona has a baby. Three years later, the parents of Matrena Timofeevna die. She goes to her son's grave to cry. Meets grandfather Saveliy there. He came from the monastery to pray for "the dema of the poor, for all the suffering Russian peasantry." Savely did not live long - "in the autumn, the old one had some kind of deep wound on his neck, he was dying hard ...". Savely spoke of the share of the peasants:

There are three paths for men:

Tavern, jail and hard labor,

And the women in Russia

Three loops: white silk,

The second - red silk,

And the third - black silk,

Choose any! .

Four years have passed. Matryona resigned herself to everything. Once a pilgrim wanderer comes to the village, she talks about the salvation of the soul, demands from mothers that they do not feed babies with milk on fasting days. Matrena Timofeevna did not obey. “Yes, it is clear that God was angry,” the peasant woman believes. When her son Fedot was eight years old, he was sent to herd sheep. One day Fedot was brought in and told that he had fed a sheep to a she-wolf. Fedot says that a huge emaciated she-wolf appeared, grabbed a sheep and started running. Fedot caught up with her and took away the sheep, which was already dead. The she-wolf looked into his eyes plaintively and howled. From the bleeding nipples it was clear that she had wolf cubs in her lair. Fedot took pity on the she-wolf and gave her the sheep. Matrena Timofeevna, trying to save her son from a flogging, asks for mercy from the landowner, who orders to punish not the shepherd, but the “impudent woman”.

Chapter 6 Summary.

Matrena Timofeevna says that the she-wolf did not appear in vain - there was a lack of bread. The mother-in-law told the neighbors that Matryona, who had put on a clean shirt on Christmas, called on hunger.

For a husband, for an intercessor,

I got off cheap;

And one woman

Not for the same

Killed to death with stakes.

Don't mess with the hungry!

After the lack of bread came the recruitment. The brother's older husband was taken to the soldiers, so the family did not expect trouble. But the husband of Matrena Timofeevna is taken to the soldiers out of turn. Life gets even harder. Children had to be sent around the world. The mother-in-law became even more grumpy.

Well don't dress up

Don't wash your face

Neighbors have sharp eyes

Vostro tongues!

Walk the street quieter

Carry your head down

When it's fun, don't laugh

Don't cry out of sadness!

Chapter 7 Summary

Matrena Timofeevna is going to the governor. She has difficulty getting to the city, as she is pregnant. Gives a ruble to the porter to let him in. He says to come back in two hours. Matrena Timofeevna comes, the doorman takes another ruble from her. The governor's wife drives up, Matryona Timofeevna rushes to her with a request for intercession. The peasant woman becomes ill. When she comes to, she is told that she has given birth to a child. The governor, Elena Alexandrovna, was very imbued with Matryona Timofeevna, went after her son as if she were her own (she herself had no children). A messenger is sent to the village to sort everything out. The husband was returned.

Chapter 8 Summary

The men ask if Matryona Timofeevna told them everything. She says that all, except that they survived the fire twice, had anthrax three times, that instead of a horse she had to walk "in a harrow." Matrena Timofeevna recalls the words of the holy pilgrim who went to "Heights of Athens»:

Keys to female happiness

From our free will

Abandoned, lost by God himself!<…>

Yes, they are unlikely to be found ...

What fish swallowed

Those reserved keys

In what seas is that fish

Walking - God forgot!

PART FOUR.

Feast - for the whole world

Introduction - summary

There is a feast in the village. Organized a feast Klim. They sent for the parish deacon Tryphon. He came along with his sons, seminarians Savvushka and Grisha.

... Was the eldest

Already nineteen years old;

Now a protodeacon

I looked, and at Gregory

Face thin, pale

And the hair is thin, curly,

With a hint of red.

Simple guys, kind,

Mowed, reaped, sowed

And drank vodka on holidays

equal to the peasantry.

The clerk and the seminarians began to sing.

I. Bitter Time - Bitter Songs - Summary

FUNNY

“Eat prison, Yasha! There is no milk!"

- "Where is our cow?"

Take away, my light!

Master for offspring

I took her home."

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

"Where are our chickens?" -

The girls are yelling.

"Don't scream, fools!

The Zemsky court ate them;

I took another supply

Yes, he promised to stay ... "

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

Broke my back

And the sourdough doesn't wait!

Baba Katerina

Remembered - roars:

In the yard for over a year

Daughter ... no dear!

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

A little from the kids

Look - and there are no children:

The king will take the boys

Barin - daughters!

One freak

Live with family.

It's nice to live people

Saint in Russia!

Then the wahlaks sang:

corvee

Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,

Nothing for him to flaunt

Only the back is painted

Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.

From the bast to the gate

The skin is all torn

The belly swells from the chaff.

twisted, twisted,

Slashed, tormented,

Hardly Kalina wanders.

It will knock on the feet of the tavern keeper,

Sorrow drowns in wine

Only on Saturday will come around

From the lord's stables to his wife ...

The men remember the old order. One of the peasants recalls how one day their mistress decided to mercilessly beat the one "who says a strong word." The men stopped swearing, but as soon as the will was announced, they took their souls away so much that "priest Ivan was offended." Another man tells about the serf of the exemplary Jacob the faithful. The greedy landowner Polivanov had a faithful servant Yakov. He was devoted to the master without limit.

Jacob showed up like this from his youth,

Only Jacob had joy:

Gentleman groom, cherish, appease

Yes, the nephew is a youngster to download.

Yakov's nephew Grisha grew up and asked the master for permission to marry the girl Arina.

However, the master himself liked her. He gave Grisha to the soldiers, despite the pleas of Yakov. The serf got drunk and disappeared. Polivanov feels bad without Yakov. Two weeks later, the serf returned. Polivanov is going to visit his sister, Yakov is taking him. They go through the forest, Yakov turns into a deaf place - Devil's ravine. Polivanov is frightened - he begs to be spared. But Yakov says that he is not going to get his hands dirty with murder, and hangs himself on a tree. Polivanov is left alone. He spends the whole night in the ravine, screaming, calling people, but no one responds. In the morning a hunter finds him. The landowner returns home, lamenting: "I'm a sinner, a sinner! Execute me!"

After the story, the peasants start a dispute over who is more sinful - tavern owners, landowners, peasants or robbers. Klim Lavin fights with a merchant. Ionushka, the "humble praying mantis", talks about the power of faith. His story is about the holy fool Fomushka, who called people to flee to the forests, but he was arrested and taken to prison. From the cart, Fomushka shouted: “They beat you with sticks, rods, whips, you will be beaten with iron bars!” In the morning a military team came and pacification and interrogations began, that is, Fomushka's prophecy "almost came true to the point." Jonah talks about Efrosinyushka, the messenger of God, who, in her cholera years, “buries, heals, and takes care of the sick.” Iona Lyapushkin - praying mantis and wanderer. The peasants loved him and argued about who would be the first to take him in. When he appeared, everyone brought icons to meet him, and Jonah followed those whose icon he liked best. Jonah tells a parable about two great sinners.

ABOUT TWO GREAT SINNERS

The true story was told to Jonah in Solovki by Father Pitirim. There were twelve robbers, whose chieftain was Kudeyar. They lived in a dense forest, plundered a lot of wealth, and killed a lot of innocent souls. From near Kyiv, Kudeyar brought himself a beautiful girl. Unexpectedly, “the Lord awakened the conscience” of the robber. Kudeyar " He blew off his mistress's head // And he spotted the Yesaula". returned home with tartsem in monastic clothes y ”, day and night prays to God for forgiveness. A saint of the Lord appeared before Kudeyar. He pointed to a huge oak tree and said: With the same knife that robbed, / Cut him with the same hand! ..<…>The tree has just collapsed, // The chains of sin will fall". Kudeyar begins to fulfill what has been said. Time passes, and pan Glukhovsky passes by. He asks what Kudeyar is doing.

A lot of cruel, scary

The old man heard about the pan

And as a lesson to the sinner

He told his secret.

Pan chuckled: "Salvation

I haven't had tea for a long time

In the world I honor only a woman,

Gold, honor and wine.

You have to live, old man, in my opinion:

How many slaves I destroy

I torture, I torture and hang,

And I would like to see how I sleep!

The hermit becomes furious, attacks the pan and plunges a knife into his heart. At that very moment, the tree collapsed, and a load of sins fell from the old man.

III. Both old and new - summary

PEASANT SIN

One admiral for military service, for the battle with the Turks near Ochakovo, the Empress was granted eight thousand souls of peasants. Dying, he gives the casket to Gleb the elder. Punishes the casket to protect, as it contains a will, according to which all eight thousand souls will receive freedom. After the death of the admiral, a distant relative appears on the estate, promises the headman a lot of money, and the will is burned. Everyone agrees with Ignat that this is a big sin. Grisha Dobrosklonov speaks about the freedom of the peasants, that "there will be no new Gleb in Russia." Vlas wishes Grisha wealth, a smart and healthy wife. Grisha in response:

I don't need any silver

No gold, but God forbid

So that my countrymen

And every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

All over holy Russia!

A cart of hay is approaching. Soldier Ovsyannikov is sitting on the wagon together with his niece Ustinyushka. The soldier made his living with the help of a raik, a portable panorama showing objects through a magnifying glass. But the tool is broken. The soldier then came up with new songs and began to play on spoons. Sings a song.

Soldier's Toshen light,

There is no truth

Life is boring

The pain is strong.

German bullets,

Turkish bullets,

French bullets,

Russian sticks!

Klim notices that in his yard there is a deck on which he chopped firewood from his youth. She is "not as wounded" as Ovsyannikov. However, the soldier did not receive full board, as the doctor's assistant, when examining the wounds, said that they were second-rate. The soldier reapplies.

IV. Good time - good songs - a summary.

Grisha and Savva take their father home and sing:

The share of the people

his happiness.

Light and freedom

Primarily!

We are a little

We ask God:

honest deal

do skillfully

Give us strength!

Working life -

Direct to friend

Road to the heart

Away from the threshold

Coward and lazy!

Isn't it heaven!

The share of the people

his happiness.

Light and freedom

Primarily!

Father fell asleep, Savvushka took up the book, and Grisha went into the field. Grisha has a thin face - in the seminary they were underfed by the housekeeper. Grisha remembers his mother Domna, whose favorite son he was. Sings a song:

In the middle of the world

For a free heart

There are two ways.

Weigh the proud strength

Weigh firm will, -

How to go?

One spacious

The road is torn,

The passions of a slave

On it is huge,

Hungry for temptation

The crowd is coming.

About sincere life

About the lofty goal

There thought is ridiculous.

Eternal boils there

Inhuman

Enmity-war.

For mortal blessings...

There are captive souls

Full of sin.<…>

The other one is tight

The road is honest

They walk on it

Only strong souls

loving,

To fight, to work.

For the bypassed

For the oppressed

In their footsteps

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

No matter how dark vakhlachina,

No matter how crowded with corvee

And slavery - and she,

Blessed, put

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

Grisha sings a song about the bright future of his Motherland: “ You are still destined to suffer a lot, / But you will not die, I know". Grisha sees a barge hauler, who, having completed his work, clinking coppers in his pocket, goes to a tavern. Grisha sings another song.

RUSSIA

You are poor

You are abundant

You are powerful

You are powerless

Mother Russia!

Saved in bondage

Free heart -

Gold, gold

The heart of the people!

The strength of the people

mighty force -

Conscience is calm

The truth is alive!

Strength with unrighteousness

They don't get along

Victim of untruth

Not called -

Russia does not stir

Russia is dead!

And lit up in it

The hidden spark

We got up - nebuzheny,

Came out - uninvited,

Live by the grain

The mountains have been applied!

Rat rises -

Innumerable!

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

You are poor

You are abundant

You are beaten

You are almighty

Mother Russia!

Grisha is pleased with his song:

He heard immense strength in his chest,

Gracious sounds delighted his ears,

Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -

He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! ..

I hope this summary of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" helped you prepare for the lesson of Russian literature.

"Who in Russia to live well"

Retelling.

In a fairy-tale form, the author depicts the dispute of seven peasants about "who lives happily, freely in Russia." The dispute turns into a fight, then the peasants reconcile and decide among themselves to ask the tsar, the merchant and the priest who is happier, without receiving an answer, they go across Russian land in search of the lucky one.

The first peasants meet a priest who assures them that the “priestly life” is very difficult. He says

about the fact that peasants and landowners are equally poor and have ceased to carry money to church. The peasants sincerely sympathize with the priest.

The author draws many interesting faces in this chapter, where he depicts a fair, where seven peasants ended up in search of the happy ones. The attention of the peasants is attracted by the bargaining of pictures: here the author expresses the hope that sooner or later the time will come when the peasant "will not carry my lord stupid - Belinsky and Gogol from the market."

After the fair, festivities begin, the “bad night”. Many peasants get drunk, except for seven travelers and a certain gentleman who writes down folk songs and his observations of peasant life in a book, the author himself probably embodied in this image in the poem. One of the peasants - Yakim Nagoi - blames the master, does not order to portray Russian people as drunkards without exception. Yakim claims that in Russia there is a non-drinking family for one drinker, but it is easier for those who drink, because all workers suffer the same way from life. Both in work and in revelry, the Russian peasant loves scope, he cannot live without it. Seven travelers already wanted to go home, and they decided to look for the lucky one in a large crowd.

Travelers began to invite other peasants to a bucket of vodka, promising treats to those who prove that they are lucky. There are a lot of “lucky ones”: the soldier is glad that he survived both foreign bullets and Russian sticks; the young stonecutter boasts of strength; the old stonecutter is happy that the sick man managed to get from Petersburg to his native village and did not die on the way; the bear hunter is glad to be alive. When the bucket was empty, "our wanderers realized that they were wasting vodka for nothing." Someone suggested that Yermila Girin should be recognized as happy. He is happy with his own truthfulness and people's love. More than once he helped people, and people repaid him with kindness when they helped buy a mill that a clever merchant wanted to intercept. But, as it turned out, Yermil is in jail: apparently, he suffered for his truth.

The next person the seven peasants met was the landowner Gavrilo Afanasyevich. He assures them that his life is not easy either. Under serfdom, he was the sovereign owner of rich estates, “loving” he inflicted judgment and reprisal on the peasants here. After the abolition of the "fortress", order disappeared and the manor estates fell into disrepair. The landowners lost their former income. “Idle hacks” tell the landlords to study and work, but this is impossible, since the nobleman was created for another life - “smoking the sky of God” and “littering the people’s treasury”, since this allows him to be noble: among the ancestors of Gavrila Afanasyevich there was also a leader with a bear, Obolduev, and Prince Shchepin, who tried to set fire to Moscow for the sake of robbery. The landlord ends his speech with a sob, and the peasants were ready to cry with him, but then changed their minds.

Last

The wanderers end up in the village of Vakhlaki, where they see strange orders: the local peasants voluntarily became "not human beings with God" - they retained their serfdom from the wild landowner who survived the mind of Prince Utyatin. Travelers begin to ask one of the locals - Vlas, where such orders come from in the village.

The extravagant Utyatin could not believe in the abolition of serfdom, so that “arrogance cut him off”: the prince had a stroke from anger. The heirs of the prince, whom he blamed for the loss of the peasants, were afraid that the old man would deprive them of their property before his imminent death. Then they persuaded the peasants to play the role of serfs, promising to give up the flooded meadows. The Wahlaks agreed, partly because they were accustomed to the life of a slave and even found pleasure in it.

Wanderers become witnesses of how the local steward praises the prince, how the villagers pray for the health of Utyatin and sincerely cry with joy that they have such a benefactor. Suddenly, the prince had a second blow, and the old man died. Since then, the peasants have really lost their peace: between the Vakhlaks and the heirs, an endless dispute has gone on for flooded meadows.

Feast - for the whole world

Introduction

The author describes a banquet hosted by one of the Vakhlaks, the restless Klim Yakovlevich, on the occasion of the death of Prince Utyatin. Travelers, along with Vlas, joined the feasting. Seven wanderers are interested in listening to Vahlat songs.

The author translates many folk songs into literary language. First, he cites "bitter", that is, sad, about peasant grief, about poor life. The bitter songs are opened by a lamentation with an ironic saying “It is glorious for the people to live in Holy Russia!” The subchapter concludes with a song about the “servant of the exemplary Jacob the faithful”, who punished his master for bullying. The author concludes that the people are able to stand up for themselves and inflame the landowners.

At the feast, travelers learn about pilgrims who feed on the fact that they hang on the people's neck. These loafers take advantage of the credulity of the peasant, over whom they are not averse to rising above the opportunity. But there were those among them who faithfully served the people: he treated the sick, helped bury the dead, fought for justice.

The peasants at the feast are discussing whose sin is greater - the landowner's or the peasant's. Ignatius Prokhorov claims that the peasant one is bigger. As an example, he cites a song about a widower admiral. Before his death, the admiral ordered the headman to release all the peasants, but the headman did not fulfill the last will of the dying man. That is the great sin of the Russian muzhik, that he can sell his muzhik brother for a pretty penny. Everyone agreed that this is a great sin, and for this sin all peasants in Russia will forever suffer in slavery.

By morning the feast was over. One of the Vakhlaks composes a cheerful song, in which he puts his hope for a brighter future. In this song, the author describes Russia "wretched and plentiful" as a country where the great power of the people lives. The poet foresees that the time will come and the “hidden spark” will flare up:

The army rises Innumerable!

The power in it will be indestructible!

These are the words of Grishka, the only lucky man in the poem.

peasant woman

The wanderers thought that they should abandon the search for happy men among the men, and it would be better to check the women. Right on the way, the peasants have an abandoned estate. The author paints a depressing picture of the desolation of the once rich economy, which turned out to be unnecessary for the master and which the peasants themselves cannot manage. Here they were advised to look for Matryona Timofeevna, "she is the governor's wife," whom everyone considers happy. Travelers met her in a crowd of reapers and persuaded her to talk about her, woman's "happiness".

The woman admits that she was happy as a girl while her parents cherished her. For parental affection and all the chores around the house seemed easy fun: the girl sang for yarn until midnight, danced while working in the field. But then she found a betrothed - a stove-maker Philip Korchagin. Matryona got married, and her life changed dramatically.

The author sprinkles his story with folk songs in his own literary adaptation. These songs sing about the difficult fate of a married woman who ended up in a strange family, about the bullying of her husband's relatives. Matryona found support only from grandfather Savely.

In the native family, grandfather was disliked, "stigmatized as a convict." At first, Matryona was afraid of him, frightened by his terrible, “bearish” appearance, but soon she saw in him a kind, warm-hearted person and began to ask for advice in everything. Once Savely told Matryona his story. This Russian hero ended up in hard labor for killing a German steward who mocked the peasants.

A peasant woman talks about her great grief: how, through the fault of her mother-in-law, she lost her beloved son Dyomushka. The mother-in-law insisted that Matryona not take the child with her to the stubble. The daughter-in-law obeyed and with a heavy heart left the boy with Savely. The old man did not keep track of the baby, and the pigs ate him. The “chief” arrived and carried out an investigation. Having not received a bribe, he ordered the child to be autopsied in front of his mother, suspecting her of “conspiracy” with Savely.

The woman was ready to hate the old man, but then she recovered. And the grandfather, out of remorse, went into the woods. Matryona met him four years later at the grave of Dyomushka, where she came to mourn a new grief - the death of her parents. The peasant woman again brought the old man into the house, but Savely soon died, continuing to joke and instruct people until his death. Years passed, other children grew up with Matryona. The peasant woman fought for them, wished them happiness, was ready to please her father-in-law and mother-in-law, if only the children lived well. The father-in-law gave his son Fedot eight years as a shepherd, and trouble happened. Fedot chased after a she-wolf who stole a sheep, and then took pity on her, as she was feeding her cubs. The headman decided to punish the boy, but the mother stood up and accepted the punishment for her son. She herself was like a she-wolf, ready to lay down her life for her children.

The “year of the comet” has come, foreshadowing crop failure. Bad forebodings came true: "the lack of bread came." The peasants, mad with hunger, were ready to kill each other. The trouble does not come alone: ​​the husband-breadwinner "by deceit, not in a divine way" was shaved into soldiers. The husband's relatives, more than ever, began to mock Matryona, who was then pregnant with Liodorushka, and the peasant woman decided to go to the governor for help.

Secretly, the peasant woman left her husband's house and went to the city. Here she managed to meet with the governor Elena Alexandrovna, to whom she turned with her request. In the governor's house, the peasant woman resolved herself with Liodorushka, and Elena Alexandrovna baptized the baby and insisted that her husband rescued Philip from recruitment.

Since then, in the village, Matrena has been denounced as a lucky woman and even nicknamed the "governor's wife." The peasant woman ends the story with a reproach that the travelers did not start a business - “to look for a happy one between the women.” God's companions are trying to find the keys to women's happiness, but they are lost somewhere far away, maybe swallowed by some fish: “In what seas that fish walks - God forgot! ..”

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"Who in Russia to live well"

(Poem)

retelling

In a fairy-tale form, the author depicts the dispute of seven peasants about "who lives happily, freely in Russia." The dispute turns into a fight, then the peasants reconcile and decide among themselves to ask the tsar, the merchant and the priest who is happier, without receiving an answer, they go across Russian land in search of the lucky one.

The first peasants meet a priest who assures them that the “priestly life” is very difficult. He says that peasants and landlords are equally poor and have ceased to carry money to church. The peasants sincerely sympathize with the priest.

The author draws many interesting faces in this chapter, where he depicts a fair, where seven peasants ended up in search of the happy ones. The attention of the peasants is attracted by the bargaining of pictures: here the author expresses the hope that sooner or later the time will come when the peasant "will not carry my lord stupid - Belinsky and Gogol from the market."

After the fair, festivities begin, the “bad night”. Many peasants get drunk, except for seven travelers and a certain gentleman who writes down folk songs and his observations of peasant life in a book, the author himself probably embodied in this image in the poem. One of the peasants - Yakim Nagoi - blames the master, does not order to portray Russian people as drunkards without exception. Yakim claims that in Russia there is a non-drinking family for one drinker, but it is easier for those who drink, because all workers suffer the same way from life. Both in work and in revelry, the Russian peasant loves scope, he cannot live without it. Seven travelers already wanted to go home, and they decided to look for the lucky one in a large crowd.

Travelers began to invite other peasants to a bucket of vodka, promising treats to those who prove that they are lucky. There are a lot of “lucky ones”: the soldier is glad that he survived both foreign bullets and Russian sticks; the young stonecutter boasts of strength; the old stonecutter is happy that the sick man managed to get from Petersburg to his native village and did not die on the way; the bear hunter is glad to be alive. When the bucket was empty, "our wanderers realized that they were wasting vodka for nothing." Someone suggested that Yermila Girin should be recognized as happy. He is happy with his own truthfulness and people's love. More than once he helped people, and people repaid him with kindness when they helped buy a mill that a clever merchant wanted to intercept. But, as it turned out, Yermil is in jail: apparently, he suffered for his truth.

The next person the seven peasants met was the landowner Gavrilo Afanasyevich. He assures them that his life is not easy either. Under serfdom, he was the sovereign owner of rich estates, “loving” he inflicted judgment and reprisal on the peasants here. After the abolition of the "fortress", order disappeared and the manor estates fell into disrepair. The landowners lost their former income. “Idle hacks” tell the landowners to study and work, but this is impossible, since the nobleman was created for another life - “smoking the sky of God” and “littering the people’s treasury”, since this allows him to be noble: among the ancestors of Gavrila Afanasyevich there was also a leader with a bear, Obolduev, and Prince Shchepin, who tried to set fire to Moscow for the sake of robbery. The landlord ends his speech with a sob, and the peasants were ready to cry with him, but then changed their minds.

Last

The wanderers end up in the village of Vakhlaki, where they see strange orders: the local peasants voluntarily became "not human beings with God" - they retained their serfdom from the wild landowner who survived the mind of Prince Utyatin. Travelers begin to ask one of the locals - Vlas, where such orders come from in the village.

The extravagant Utyatin could not believe in the abolition of serfdom, so that “arrogance cut him off”: the prince had a stroke from anger. The heirs of the prince, whom he blamed for the loss of the peasants, were afraid that the old man would deprive them of their property before his imminent death. Then they persuaded the peasants to play the role of serfs, promising to give up the flooded meadows. The Wahlaks agreed, partly because they were accustomed to the life of a slave and even found pleasure in it.

Wanderers become witnesses of how the local steward praises the prince, how the villagers pray for the health of Utyatin and sincerely cry with joy that they have such a benefactor. Suddenly, the prince had a second blow, and the old man died. Since then, the peasants have really lost their peace: between the Vakhlaks and the heirs, an endless dispute has gone on for flooded meadows.

Feast - for the whole world

Introduction

The author describes a feast arranged by one of the Vakhlaks, the restless Klim Yakovlevich, on the occasion of the death of Prince Utyatin. Travelers, along with Vlas, joined the feasting. Seven wanderers are interested in listening to Vahlat songs.

The author translates many folk songs into literary language. First, he cites "bitter", that is, sad, about peasant grief, about poor life. The bitter songs are opened by a lamentation with an ironic saying “It is glorious for the people to live in Holy Russia!” The sub-chapter concludes with a song about the “servant of the exemplary Jacob the faithful”, who punished his master for bullying. The author concludes that the people are able to stand up for themselves and punish the landlords.

At the feast, travelers learn about pilgrims who feed on the fact that they hang on the people's neck. These loafers take advantage of the credulity of the peasant, over whom they are not averse to rising above the opportunity. But there were those among them who faithfully served the people: he treated the sick, helped bury the dead, fought for justice.

The peasants at the feast are discussing whose sin is greater - the landowner's or the peasant's. Ignatius Prokhorov claims that the peasant one is bigger. As an example, he cites a song about a widower admiral. Before his death, the admiral ordered the headman to release all the peasants, but the headman did not fulfill the last will of the dying man. That is the great sin of the Russian muzhik, that he can sell his muzhik brother for a pretty penny. Everyone agreed that this is a great sin, and for this sin all peasants in Russia will forever suffer in slavery.

By morning the feast was over. One of the Vakhlaks composes a cheerful song, in which he puts his hope for a brighter future. In this song, the author describes Russia "wretched and plentiful" as a country where the great power of the people lives. The poet foresees that the time will come and the “hidden spark” will flare up:

The army rises Innumerable!

The power in it will be indestructible!

These are the words of Grishka, the only lucky man in the poem.

peasant woman

The wanderers thought that they should abandon the search for happy men among the men, and it would be better to check the women. Right on the way, the peasants have an abandoned estate. The author paints a depressing picture of the desolation of the once rich economy, which turned out to be unnecessary for the master and which the peasants themselves cannot manage. Here they were advised to look for Matryona Timofeevna, "she is the governor's wife," whom everyone considers happy. Travelers met her in a crowd of reapers and persuaded her to talk about her, woman's "happiness".

The woman admits that she was happy as a girl while her parents cherished her. For parental affection and all the chores around the house seemed easy fun: the girl sang for yarn until midnight, danced while working in the field. But then she found a betrothed - a stove-maker Philip Korchagin. Matryona got married, and her life changed dramatically.

The author sprinkles his story with folk songs in his own literary adaptation. These songs sing about the difficult fate of a married woman who ended up in a strange family, about the bullying of her husband's relatives. Matryona found support only from grandfather Savely.

In the native family, grandfather was disliked, "stigmatized as a convict." At first, Matryona was afraid of him, frightened by his terrible, “bearish” appearance, but soon she saw in him a kind, warm-hearted person and began to ask for advice in everything. Once Savely told Matryona his story. This Russian hero ended up in hard labor for killing a German steward who mocked the peasants.

A peasant woman talks about her great grief: how, through the fault of her mother-in-law, she lost her beloved son Dyomushka. The mother-in-law insisted that Matryona not take the child with her to the stubble. The daughter-in-law obeyed and with a heavy heart left the boy with Savely. The old man did not keep track of the baby, and the pigs ate him. The “chief” arrived and carried out an investigation. Having not received a bribe, he ordered the child to be autopsied in front of his mother, suspecting her of “conspiracy” with Savely.

The woman was ready to hate the old man, but then she recovered. And the grandfather, out of remorse, went into the woods. Matrena met him four years later at the grave of Dyomushka, where she came to mourn a new grief - the death of her parents. The peasant woman again brought the old man into the house, but Savely soon died, continuing to joke and instruct people until his death. Years passed, other children grew up with Matryona. The peasant woman fought for them, wished them happiness, was ready to please her father-in-law and mother-in-law, if only the children lived well. The father-in-law gave his son Fedot eight years as a shepherd, and trouble happened. Fedot chased after a she-wolf who stole a sheep, and then took pity on her, as she was feeding her cubs. The headman decided to punish the boy, but the mother stood up and accepted the punishment for her son. She herself was like a she-wolf, ready to lay down her life for her children.

The “year of the comet” has come, foreshadowing crop failure. Bad forebodings came true: "the lack of bread came." The peasants, mad with hunger, were ready to kill each other. The trouble does not come alone: ​​the husband-breadwinner "by deceit, not in a divine way" was shaved into soldiers. The husband's relatives, more than ever, began to mock Matrena, who at that time was pregnant with Liodorushka, and the peasant woman decided to go to the governor for help.

Secretly, the peasant woman left her husband's house and went to the city. Here she managed to meet with the governor Elena Alexandrovna, to whom she turned with her request. In the governor's house, the peasant woman resolved herself with Liodorushka, and Elena Alexandrovna baptized the baby and insisted that her husband rescued Philip from recruitment.

Since then, in the village, Matrena has been denounced as a lucky woman and even nicknamed the "governor's wife." The peasant woman ends the story with a reproach that the travelers did not start a business - “to look for a happy one between the women.” God's companions are trying to find the keys to women's happiness, but they are lost somewhere far away, maybe swallowed by some fish: “In what seas that fish walks - God forgot! ..”

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Illustration by Sergei Gerasimov "Dispute"

One day, seven men converge on the high road - recent serfs, and now temporarily liable "from adjacent villages - Zaplatova, Dyryavin, Razutov, Znobishina, Gorelova, Neyolova, Neurozhayka, too." Instead of going their own way, the peasants start a dispute about who in Russia lives happily and freely. Each of them judges in his own way who is the main lucky man in Russia: a landowner, an official, a priest, a merchant, a noble boyar, a minister of sovereigns or a tsar.

During the argument, they do not notice that they gave a detour of thirty miles. Seeing that it is too late to return home, the men make a fire and continue to argue over vodka - which, of course, little by little turns into a fight. But even a fight does not help to resolve the issue that worries the men.

The solution is found unexpectedly: one of the peasants, Pahom, catches a warbler chick, and in order to free the chick, the warbler tells the peasants where they can find a self-assembled tablecloth. Now the peasants are provided with bread, vodka, cucumbers, kvass, tea - in a word, everything they need for a long journey. And besides, the self-assembled tablecloth will repair and wash their clothes! Having received all these benefits, the peasants give a vow to find out "who lives happily, freely in Russia."

The first possible "lucky man" they met along the way is a priest. (It was not for the oncoming soldiers and beggars to ask about happiness!) But the priest's answer to the question of whether his life is sweet disappoints the peasants. They agree with the priest that happiness lies in peace, wealth and honor. But the pop does not possess any of these benefits. In haymaking, in stubble, in a dead autumn night, in severe frost, he must go where there are sick, dying and being born. And every time his soul hurts at the sight of grave sobs and orphan sorrow - so that his hand does not rise to take copper nickels - a miserable reward for the demand. The landlords, who formerly lived in family estates and got married here, baptized children, buried the dead, are now scattered not only in Russia, but also in distant foreign land; there is no hope for their reward. Well, the peasants themselves know what honor the priest is: they feel embarrassed when the priest blames obscene songs and insults against priests.

Realizing that the Russian pop is not among the lucky ones, the peasants go to the festive fair in the trading village of Kuzminskoye to ask the people about happiness there. In a rich and dirty village there are two churches, a tightly boarded-up house with the inscription "school", a paramedic's hut, a dirty hotel. But most of all in the village of drinking establishments, in each of which they barely manage to cope with the thirsty. Old man Vavila cannot buy his granddaughter goat's shoes, because he drank himself to a penny. It’s good that Pavlusha Veretennikov, a lover of Russian songs, whom everyone calls “master” for some reason, buys a treasured gift for him.

Wandering peasants watch the farcical Petrushka, watch how the officers pick up book goods - but by no means Belinsky and Gogol, but portraits of fat generals unknown to anyone and works about "my lord stupid." They also see how a busy trading day ends: rampant drunkenness, fights on the way home. However, the peasants are indignant at Pavlusha Veretennikov's attempt to measure the peasant by the master's measure. In their opinion, it is impossible for a sober person to live in Russia: he will not endure either overwork or peasant misfortune; without drinking, bloody rain would have poured out of the angry peasant soul. These words are confirmed by Yakim Nagoi from the village of Bosovo - one of those who "work to death, drink half to death." Yakim believes that only pigs walk the earth and do not see the sky for a century. During a fire, he himself did not save money accumulated over a lifetime, but useless and beloved pictures that hung in the hut; he is sure that with the cessation of drunkenness, great sadness will come to Russia.

Wandering men do not lose hope of finding people who live well in Russia. But even for the promise to give water to the lucky ones for free, they fail to find those. For the sake of a gratuitous drink, both an overworked worker, and a former courtyard stricken with paralysis, who for forty years licked the master's plates with the best French truffle, and even ragged beggars are ready to declare themselves lucky.

Finally, someone tells them the story of Ermil Girin, a steward in the estate of Prince Yurlov, who has earned universal respect for his justice and honesty. When Girin needed money to buy the mill, the peasants lent it to him without even asking for a receipt. But Yermil is now unhappy: after the peasant revolt, he is in jail.

About the misfortune that befell the nobles after the peasant reform, the ruddy sixty-year-old landowner Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev tells the peasant wanderers. He recalls how in the old days everything amused the master: villages, forests, fields, serf actors, musicians, hunters, who belonged undividedly to him. Obolt-Obolduev tells with tenderness how, on the twelfth holidays, he invited his serfs to pray in the manor's house - despite the fact that after that they had to drive women from all over the estate to wash the floors.

And although the peasants themselves know that life in serf times was far from the idyll drawn by Obolduev, they nevertheless understand: the great chain of serfdom, having broken, hit both the master, who at once lost his usual way of life, and the peasant.

Desperate to find a happy man among the men, the wanderers decide to ask the women. The surrounding peasants remember that Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina lives in the village of Klin, whom everyone considers lucky. But Matrona herself thinks otherwise. In confirmation, she tells the wanderers the story of her life.

Before her marriage, Matryona lived in a non-drinking and prosperous peasant family. She married Philip Korchagin, a stove-maker from a foreign village. But the only happy night for her was that night when the groom persuaded Matryona to marry him; then the usual hopeless life of a village woman began. True, her husband loved her and beat her only once, but soon he went to work in St. Petersburg, and Matryona was forced to endure insults in her father-in-law's family. The only one who felt sorry for Matryona was grandfather Saveliy, who lived out his life in the family after hard labor, where he ended up for the murder of the hated German manager. Savely told Matryona what Russian heroism is: a peasant cannot be defeated, because he "bends, but does not break."

The birth of the first-born Demushka brightened up the life of Matryona. But soon her mother-in-law forbade her to take the child into the field, and old grandfather Savely did not follow the baby and fed him to the pigs. In front of Matryona, the judges who arrived from the city performed an autopsy of her child. Matryona could not forget her first child, although after she had five sons. One of them, the shepherd Fedot, once allowed a she-wolf to carry away a sheep. Matrena took upon herself the punishment assigned to her son. Then, being pregnant with her son Liodor, she was forced to go to the city to seek justice: her husband, bypassing the laws, was taken to the soldiers. Matryona was then helped by the governor Elena Alexandrovna, for whom the whole family is now praying.

By all peasant standards, the life of Matryona Korchagina can be considered happy. But it is impossible to tell about the invisible spiritual storm that passed through this woman - just like about unrequited mortal insults, and about the blood of the firstborn. Matrena Timofeevna is convinced that a Russian peasant woman cannot be happy at all, because the keys to her happiness and free will are lost from God himself.

In the midst of haymaking, wanderers come to the Volga. Here they witness a strange scene. A noble family swims up to the shore in three boats. The mowers, who have just sat down to rest, immediately jump up to show the old master their zeal. It turns out that the peasants of the village of Vakhlachina help the heirs to hide the abolition of serfdom from the landowner Utyatin, who has lost his mind. For this, the relatives of the Last Duck-Duck promise the peasants floodplain meadows. But after the long-awaited death of the Afterlife, the heirs forget their promises, and the whole peasant performance turns out to be in vain.

Here, near the village of Vakhlachin, wanderers listen to peasant songs - corvée, hungry, soldier's, salty - and stories about serf times. One of these stories is about the serf of the exemplary Jacob the faithful. Yakov's only joy was to please his master, the petty landowner Polivanov. Samodur Polivanov, in gratitude, beat Yakov in the teeth with his heel, which aroused even greater love in the lackey's soul. By old age, Polivanov lost his legs, and Yakov began to follow him as if he were a child. But when Yakov's nephew, Grisha, decided to marry the serf beauty Arisha, out of jealousy, Polivanov sent the guy to the recruits. Yakov began to drink, but soon returned to the master. And yet he managed to take revenge on Polivanov - the only way available to him, in a lackey way. Having brought the master into the forest, Yakov hanged himself right above him on a pine tree. Polivanov spent the night under the corpse of his faithful serf, driving away birds and wolves with groans of horror.

Another story - about two great sinners - is told to the peasants by God's wanderer Iona Lyapushkin. The Lord awakened the conscience of the ataman of the robbers Kudeyar. The robber prayed for sins for a long time, but all of them were released to him only after he killed the cruel Pan Glukhovsky in a surge of anger.

Wandering men also listen to the story of another sinner - Gleb the elder, who hid the last will of the late widower admiral for money, who decided to free his peasants.

But not only wandering peasants think about the happiness of the people. The son of a sacristan, seminarian Grisha Dobrosklonov, lives in Vakhlachin. In his heart, love for the deceased mother merged with love for the whole of Vahlachina. For fifteen years, Grisha knew for sure whom he was ready to give his life, for whom he was ready to die. He thinks of all mysterious Russia as a miserable, abundant, powerful and powerless mother, and expects that the indestructible strength that he feels in his own soul will still be reflected in her. Such strong souls, like those of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the angel of mercy himself calls for an honest path. Fate prepares Grisha "a glorious path, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia."

If the wanderer men knew what was happening in the soul of Grisha Dobrosklonov, they would surely understand that they could already return to their native roof, because the goal of their journey had been achieved.

retold

Wanderers go, they see haymaking. Haven't mowed for a long time, I wanted to work. They took braids from the women, began to mow. Suddenly, music is heard from the river. A gray-haired man named Vlas explains that this is a landowner riding in a boat. He pushes the women, says that the main thing is not to upset the landowner. Three boats are moored to the shore, in them there is an old gray-haired landowner, hangers-on, servants, three young ladies, two beautiful ladies, two mustachioed gentlemen. The old landowner goes around the hayfield, finds fault with one stack that the hay is damp, demands that it be dried. Everyone fawns over him and tries to please. When the landowner and his retinue leave for breakfast, the wanderers pester Vlas with questions, who turned out to be a steward, wondering why the landowner is in charge, although serfdom has been abolished, which means that the hay and the meadow that is being mowed are not his. Vlas says that their landowner is “special” - “he has been acting weird all his life, fooling around, and then suddenly a thunderstorm broke out.” The landowner did not believe. The governor himself came to him, they argued for a long time, and in the evening the master had a stroke - the left half of the body was taken away, lying motionless. The heirs arrived - sons, "black-moustached guards", with their wives. But the old man recovered, and when he heard from his sons about the abolition of serfdom, he called them traitors, cowards, etc. The sons, fearing that he would deprive them of their inheritance, decide in. indulge him all. One of the "ladies" told the old man that the peasants had been ordered to return the landlords again. The old man was delighted, ordered to serve a prayer service, to ring the bells. The heirs persuade the peasants to break the comedy. But there were also those who did not have to be persuaded. One, Ipat, said: “You have fun! And I’m a serf of the Duck princes - and that’s the whole tale! Ipat fondly recalls how the prince harnessed him to the cart, how he bathed him in an ice hole - kunal into one hole, pulled him out into another and immediately gave vodka, how he put him on the goats to play the violin. The horse stumbled, Ipat fell, the sleigh ran over him, the prince drove away. But after a while he returned - Ipat was grateful to the prince to tears that he did not leave him to freeze. Gradually, everyone agrees to deception - to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished, only Vlas refuses to be a steward. Then Klim Lavin is called to be a steward:

Been to Moscow and St. Petersburg, Traveled to Siberia with the merchants, It's a pity I didn't stay there! Clever, but a penny does not hold, Heather, but gets caught in a mess! Fuck man! Heard a lot of special words: Patronage, Moscow, the capital, Great Russian Soul. "I am a Russian peasant!" - He bawled in a wild voice And, having knocked on the forehead with dishes, He drank half a bottle in one gulp!

Klim has a clay conscience, And Minin's beards, Look, you'll think, That you can't find a peasant more powerful and sober.

The old order is gone. The old prince walks around the patrimony, orders, the peasants laugh behind his back. The prince gives stupid orders: having learned that one widow's house collapsed and she makes her way through alms, orders to fix the house and marry her to the neighbor Gavrila; later it turns out that the widow is under seventy, and the "groom" is six years old. Only the peasant Agap Petrov did not want to obey the old order, and when his landowner caught him stealing the forest, he told Utyatin everything directly, called him a jester, etc. Utyatin had a second blow. But the hopes of the heirs were not justified this time either: the old man woke up and began to demand the punishment of the rebel - a public flogging. The heirs begin to persuade Agap, they persuade the whole world, Klim drank with him for a day, then, having persuaded him, he took him to the manor's yard. The old prince cannot walk - he sits on the porch. Agap was taken to the stable, they put a bottle of wine in front of him, and asked him to shout louder. He shouted so that even Utyatin took pity. Drunk Agap was carried home. But he soon died: “Klim, the shameless one, ruined him, anathema, with a blame!”

Utyatin at this time is sitting at the table - there are obsequious servants around, footmen drive away flies, everyone agrees in everything. The peasants are standing at the porch. Everyone breaks a comedy, suddenly one man can not stand it - he laughs. Utyatin jumps up, demands the punishment of the rebel. But the laughing man - "a rich Petersburger", arrived on time, local orders do not apply to him. The peasants persuade one of the wanderers to obey. They open up. The burmistrov's godfather saves everyone - she throws herself at the feet of the master, says that her son laughed - an unintelligent boy. Utyatin calms down. He drinks champagne, jokes, “pinches beautiful daughters-in-law”, orders musicians to play, makes daughters-in-law and sons dance, ridicules them. One of the "ladies" is forced to sing, falls asleep. They take him away. Klim says that he would never have taken up such a case if he had not known that the “last child” was swaggering at his will. Vlas objects that until quite recently all this was serious, but "not in jest and for money." Here comes the news that Utyatin died - a new stroke was enough just after eating. The peasants breathed a sigh of relief. But their joy was premature:

With the death of the Last, the caress of the lord disappeared:

The Guardsmen did not let the Vahlaks get drunk! And for the pasture meadows Heirs with the peasants Compete to this day. Vlas is an intercessor for the peasants, Lives in Moscow ... was in St. Petersburg ... But there is no sense!

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