home Heating options How to make a hood in the kitchen: step-by-step instructions. Effective ventilation for kitchens in apartments and private houses Homemade hood

How to make a hood in the kitchen: step-by-step instructions. Effective ventilation for kitchens in apartments and private houses Homemade hood

Takes ~4 minutes to read

To a private house there was an influx fresh air, and also the already contaminated one is removed, it is necessary to install a ventilation system - an exhaust hood, which can be natural, forced or combined. But regardless of the choice, ventilation will perform its function only if preliminary calculations are made that take into account the size of the room and the features of the future system.

Natural ventilation

At the design stage of a house, a natural ventilation scheme must be drawn up. The principle of its operation is to ventilate the house by natural circulation air mass. In order for the system to perform its function properly, the influx of fresh air and the removal of already humid air must be carried out through different rooms. Typically, the space through which air enters is called dry, and the outlet space is called wet.

You can ventilate your house in four ways:

channel, when the house is equipped with vertically located channels.
ductless. This method can be used for residential buildings, but it is more suitable for industrial buildings.
permanent. In this case, the premises are provided with a significant air flow, which enters through air ducts.
periodic, when “new” air enters at certain intervals.

To increase the level of air exchange in the house, special fans are mounted on the exhaust ducts, which can operate either continuously or intermittently. set time. Accordingly, such equipment requires a connection to the power supply network.

Advantages

According to the principle of operation, it is divided into:

supply and exhaust, carried out using special equipment. Another variation of this method is the installation of recycling equipment. In this case, the exhaust air passes through filters, is partially mixed with street air, and then, already purified, is returned to the room;
supply air with the possibility of heating. To operate the system according to this principle, a recuperator is required, which uses exhaust but already heated air;
supply air with cooling. Air conditioning is required here;
supply and exhaust. The most common system for private homes. The circulation of air masses is ensured by the installed equipment in combination with elements of natural circulation. This air exchange scheme is relatively easy to install and quite effective.

However, the operation of the forced system is carried out by connecting its devices to the power supply network. In addition, the design and calculations of the system are carried out at the stage of drawing up the house construction plan. All components of forced ventilation perform different functions, but the main and only task of all elements is the supply of fresh air to the premises and the removal of already used air to the street.

The compulsory system includes the following elements and equipment:

grilles to protect ventilation ducts from rodents, insects and debris;
filters that prevent dust and pollen from entering the house;
air valves that regulate the flow of air supplied to the house. In winter, protect the system from icy gusts of wind;
fans used to create a continuous flow in the ventilation ducts;
sound absorbers ensuring silent operation of the system;
heaters that heat the incoming air;
ventilation ducts that allow air to move.

How to properly install a hood in a kitchen in a private home

Manufacturers of hoods provide consumers with three main modifications of devices:

hanging;
built-in;
dome or fireplace.

Also, according to the method of air purification, they are divided into devices that remove exhaust air to the street, and models that operate in recirculation mode.

But regardless of the material of manufacture and cross-section, the diameter of the air duct must coincide with the inlet of the hood. At smaller size pipes, the kitchen hood will work in increased mode, which will lead to early engine failure.

The installed air duct should not completely block the opening of the natural ventilation shaft. To do this, a special grille is purchased and installed, the valve of which closes when the hood is turned on, and opens after the device has finished operating. This mode of operation allows the natural air circulation system to operate fully.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

The task of installed ventilation in the bathroom is to clean the room from various odors and eliminate high humidity.

Since the operation of a natural hood is completely dependent on external climatic factors, it will not always be able to cope with its task. In addition, the absence of special grilles on the outside of the ventilation ducts makes it possible for small rodents and insects to enter the house. However, the natural air circulation system has its advantages, which include simplicity of design and relatively low price. The absence of complex mechanical elements in a natural hood predicts long and uninterrupted operation.

Forced exhaust fans installed in the bathroom can operate either from a light switch or have a separate power point. Device manufacturers also offer fans with built-in humidity sensors. In this case, the system begins to operate when the humidity in the room reaches a certain level. There are also models that are equipped with motion sensors that allow you to activate air circulation when a person enters the room.

Depending on the material used, decorative designs are:

plastic;
wooden;
steel;
made of MDF, chipboard or plasterboard.

However, when installing the box, it is taken into account that it will constantly be exposed to burning, fat and other by-products that arise during cooking. It follows that the structure must be washed and cleaned well. Only in this case will the decorative box fit into the overall design of the room.

Video: how to install a hood and ventilation through a wall in a private (including wooden) house with your own hands

Ventilation, both forced and natural, will perform its function only if the entire system is organized correctly. And for this it is necessary to take into account the size of the room and climatic conditions, in which the system will operate.

If you can’t find a hood of the right size and design you want in stores, make it yourself!
The fact is that many of us have encountered the following
problem. You order kitchen furniture, and in the process
it turns out that there is absolutely no space left for the hood
disproportionate to her! Standard width of hoods, as
known to be 500, 600, 800 or 900 millimeters. And the opening, as a rule, will be either larger or smaller than necessary. What to do? Of course there are options! For example, a kitchen made to order. But then we won’t say anything about the cost of this kitchen. You can take a hood that fits the existing opening. But it is not a fact that a suitable sized hood will match the interior. Therefore, as always, I move along a creative path and create such important objects myself. There is another side to the coin. The choice of hood designs is not so great (especially in those years when this hood was made in 2005), but we want something special, individual! After all, the hood, as a rule, becomes the face and dominant feature of the kitchen. Okay, let’s leave the general premises and move on to this extract.
A Czech pyramid-shaped kitchen hood was purchased as the basis for the kitchen hood.
The main material of the new hood body was square, rectangular and round bars and thin furniture plywood, 4mm thick. Additionally, baguette and corner strips and a decorative grille were ordered from the company where the kitchen itself was ordered. The work also required PVA glue, primer and wood putty, construction serpyanka for gluing the joints of the body, self-tapping screws, tile adhesive and tile grout, and white matte paint.
The following tools and equipment were required: electric jigsaw, screwdriver, hacksaw, wood drills, sandpaper with coarse and fine grains, carpentry clamps, brushes, paint roller, tape measure, pencil, large steel square, stapler, knife, Phillips screwdriver.
Structurally, the hood consists of two independent elements. Electric hood and decorative housing. Both of these elements are mounted on the wall above the stove completely independently.
Of course, all work begins with a sketch.
And from the search for technological solutions.
Only after solutions have been found and the sample has been approved, long and painstaking work begins. Why painstaking? Yes, because this hood was not created in a workshop and without the presence of special machines and other necessary equipment.
We assemble the base of the hood, its portal.
We frame the portal with factory-made baguette and corner strips.
We manufacture the planned carpentry frame, which will further allow us to create the unique shape of this hood.
Then we make templates for the hood walls from thin cardboard.
Using these templates, we cut out the walls from thin plywood.
We sand them well and cover them with primer.
We begin the leisurely process of gluing the walls onto the frame, which requires special care.
We glue the joints with sickle tape, putty and sand the surfaces for painting.
Then comes the painting of the hood and installation of a factory-made decorative border on its portal.
And the final works. At this stage, tiles were laid along the apron and the exhaust portal.
And here is the result of painstaking work, so to speak.
By the way, this photo was taken last year. In my opinion, this is the best confirmation of the quality and reliability of the work I have done. After all, a seven-year service life speaks volumes!

Takes ~4 minutes to read

Ventilation in the kitchen with a hood is a fairly simple, but at the same time necessary thing. This is the most effective method“renew” the air in the room. Without such a system, odors enter other living rooms, creating an uncomfortable atmosphere in the apartment. For kitchen with gas stove the hood is simply necessary. It helps to collect fat on itself, preventing it from appearing on walls, furniture, and equipment.

Why do you need ventilation in the kitchen?

The main function is to maintain normal air composition. It cannot be performed by other devices: humidifiers, air purifiers, etc. During operation, the air in the room undergoes changes:

increasing the concentration of harmful substances emitted by decoration, furniture and any other objects;
as a result of gas exchange in a person’s lungs, carbon dioxide accumulates in the room, and the percentage of oxygen decreases (the same thing happens when burners burn);
heating devices also affect the quality of air;
microscopic lint from textile and wool products, particles of the epithelium of pets constantly fly in the air, which is harmful to health;
condensation formation.

These changes in the air do not mean that you should give up keeping pets, fabrics, etc. in the house. A negative effect is created only when the concentration of harmful substances is critically exceeded. Therefore, it is important to create an outflow of dirty and an influx clean air. This is the function of the air duct in the kitchen.

Standards and requirements for kitchen exhaust systems and installation

Exhaust systems, like any other equipment, are subject to installation requirements and technical characteristics:

Match the size of the exhaust system and the gas stove underneath for maximum efficiency in removing odors.
The hood must be installed no less than 50-60 cm from the stove. This is done for ease of use. In addition, if the hood is lowered too low, there is a high probability that the fat accumulated on it will ignite.
The capacity of the hood should replace air at least 10 times per hour. To calculate how much volume the exhaust system should process, you need to take into account the area and height of the ceilings in the kitchen. Calculate using the formula: V = S * h * 10 * 1.3, where S and h are the area and height of the room, respectively, 12 is the minimum air treatment rate in 60 minutes, 1.3 is the correction factor.
If there is no veterinary duct in the kitchen, then it is better to install the hood with the ability to adjust the performance and recirculation. If you connect a flow hood to natural ventilation, this will lead to disruption of the latter. Also, you should not turn on such devices for a long time.
Craftsmen must strictly follow the instructions in the equipment passport.
The hood is leveled.
Turns at an obtuse angle are not allowed; any turns should be as small as possible.
If the length of the route exceeds 300 cm, then a second exhaust fan is required.
No need to select equipment with high power, it makes a lot of noise and is not intended for residential use.

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How to make a kitchen hood correctly

Making ventilation in the kitchen in an apartment will not be difficult. The installation process is not complicated, but requires certain knowledge. For example, the size of the vent in the kitchen is different from that in the bathroom. Huge role will play a role in the proper functioning of the system properly selected equipment.

Preparatory work for installing a hood in the kitchen

In order for the hood to work correctly and reliably, the outlet is made to the outside. To do this, you need to lay an exhaust duct of the shortest length in the kitchen. Ideal option: round cross-section and no more than two turns. To prevent leakage and freezing, check valves must be installed. Before actual installation, you should obtain information about the dimensions and placement of the exhaust system.

Equipment location and dimensions

When placing a ventilation system in the kitchen, the position of the stove and the area of the room are taken into account. It's good if the room has high ceilings. Even very simple equipment will not harm the interior. Depending on the configuration, the following types of hoods are distinguished:

Corner. When choosing this type of hood, a person has the opportunity to save space and make the hob more accessible, which is important for small kitchens.
Wall-mounted. One side of the dome is adjacent to the wall, and the other is located above the hob.
Ostrovnaya. Happy owners of spacious kitchens can afford to install an island-type structure. Then the hood will be placed in the middle of the room - where the entire work surface is located in island kitchens.

The shapes of the hoods also differ (oblique, flat).

Ventilation and a gas stove in the kitchen must work together. Accordingly, the size must be selected to match the existing slab. They either coincide, or the width and length of the hood increase by about 5 cm. You should not choose a hood that is too wide. Although it will cope with its function perfectly, it will become inconvenient to work in the kitchen.

The socket is usually hidden in (under) a wall cabinet, sometimes in a casing that masks the air duct. Distance from the floor – 1.9 m.

Selection of exhaust duct materials

At the stage of selecting a suitable exhaust duct that will pass through the wall, you need to take into account several points. The first is the thickness of the wall, the second is the material in the wall through which the wiring will be carried out.

The best option is round galvanization. It can be used both as a channel hidden in the wall and as a hidden air duct. Any insulation will be suitable for such a pipe. The insulating material must be good quality, do not allow water to pass through. You can give preference to one of the following materials:

polypropylene;
polyethene;
polyurethane.

Plastic products are easy to install and have an affordable price. That is why it is most often chosen as a material for the exhaust duct in the kitchen.

Creating and preparing a ventilation hole in the wall

The first step is to draw up a diagram on the wall. Next, holes are made in order to later secure the tool frame. A dowel is driven into the hole and a pin is screwed in to secure it. The frame is fixed to the wall, and final measurements are taken.

Drilling the wall takes place in several stages:

First, the inner layer is destroyed, and the wood concrete cylinder is pulled out from the crown so that it does not interfere with further installation.
Then the inside of the façade slab is drilled and the cylinder is removed again.
At the final stage, the outer tile layer is drilled. The tool and frame are dismantled.

Installation of the hood body

A flat-type hood is mounted to the bottom of wall-mounted furniture or to the wall.

If there is a corner strip, then the hood body is built into the wall cabinet. It happens that installation is difficult due to the gas pipe or protrusions. In this case, plumbing screws and studs are used, screwed into the wall as dowels. The hood itself is mounted at some distance from the wall. When installed correctly, the system maintains optimal traction. Channel turns reduce the “strength” of the equipment by 10%.

After installing the check valve, you need to seal it from the outside of the wall. Next, an insulated pipe is inserted. It is sealed from the inside of the wall and secured with a square element with four dowels.

Air duct laying

Another task is to lay the air duct to the hole. It is necessary to prepare a plastic or plasterboard box (easy to process). The box must support not only its own weight, but also the weight of the air duct. To secure the frame you need to use dowels. Silicone sealant helps to achieve maximum tightness at the joint of the air duct.

Sequencing:

Marking the location of elements.
Drilling a hole, fixing metal hangers with dowels.
Step-by-step installation of air duct elements.
Sealing of connections.

To make a kitchen hood correctly, like a real professional, we must not forget about soundproofing the air duct. This will neutralize unnecessary noise.

Creating a box to mask the air duct

The air duct is a bulky structure, so it is required cover it with a box. There are several ways to do this:

use a plastic box (it is rigid and light, easy to install) - place it under the ceiling or above hanging furniture;
use a plasterboard box (it is possible to equip it with lamps) - a metal profile frame is required.

Before masking the air duct, you need to make sure there are no leaks.

Sequencing:

Performing markings. Mark the location of the third profile.
Drilling holes for self-tapping screws (the easiest way is through the profile).
Inserting dowels.
Fastening profiles with self-tapping screws.
Decoration of a corner with perforated metal for the corners of the hood.
Connecting profiles with cross-sections.
Fastening plasterboard sheets to a metal profile frame. The outer corner of the sheet is covered with a decorative corner.

All that remains is the final finishing.

Installation of the supply valve

If the ventilation in the kitchen in the apartment works for a long time, the reserves of air masses dry up. Installation of a supply valve is required. It can supply the system with air in the amount of 40-60 cubic meters per hour. There are several varieties of this device: independent and additional. The first is installed on the wall, the second - on plastic window frames.
First you need to mark the outline. Then drill a hole (sloping down). If this is an independent supply valve, then the diameter of the hole should be 4.5 cm. After which the sleeve is inserted.
The valve pipe requires mandatory winding with insulating material. In this form, it is placed in the prepared hole (normally it protrudes slightly). The supply valve body is fixed with dowels. At the final stage, filters are added to the system, which protect the room from dust and other small debris.
The strength of the air flow can be controlled using a damper.

Connecting the hood to ventilation and power supply

If the apartment has a grounding circuit and European sockets, then the wire must be connected to the grounding terminal (designation: three strips of different lengths). If there is no grounded connector, you will have to make it yourself - screw the wire to a metal body.

There may also be no European socket. In this case, the system is grounded when connected to the blanked neutral of the electrical panel. There is a bus with a ready-made pin, and a grounded yellow-green wire is thrown over it. Additional grounding is added to this mount, and the wire is pulled into the kitchen.

Cable cross-section (copper, stranded) – at least 2.5 mm2. The new wire is placed over the old one. The exhaust system is turned on via a circuit breaker with a current of 6 A.

The system should be cleaned 2 times a year. Ventilation grilles for hoods in the kitchen are removed and cleaned of smoke. This helps prevent fire. But if there is no experience and knowledge on how to make a hood in the kitchen, it is better to invite an electrician to the apartment. Moreover, it can clearly show how to clean.

To reduce the noise level caused by vibration of the pipe, I advise you to wrap it with batting.

Manufacturing the air cleaner box and pipe

After organizing the air duct, you can begin to manufacture the frame of the hood box from plasterboard. The shape of the air purifier can be varied, but most often self-made devices are made in a dome shape. This is done as follows.

The box is made from a metal profile. Its dimensions should be such that it is slightly larger than the diameter of the corrugated pipe used as an air duct. The box is attached to the kitchen ceiling.

The lower frame for the exhaust device is made from a starting profile and fixed to the wall of the room. After this, parts of the frame are cut out from the profile, which subsequently connect the lower base to the box.

The side surfaces of the exhaust dome are equipped with additional jumpers to increase the rigidity of the structure.

The plasterboard frame is ready. Now you need to cut a hole in the air duct to remove the corrugation. The final stage of forming a homemade hood is covering the constructed frames with plasterboard.

Air cleaner trim

The preparatory operations have been completed and finishing work can begin.

After covering the structure with sheets of plasterboard, the corners are strengthened using perforated corners. After this, the dome for the exhaust hood without a fan is puttied. At this stage, plasterboard seams and fasteners are hidden.

After preparatory work you can start implementing any design ideas in the process of decorative finishing of the hood. The product is coated with paint, varnish, and decorated with painting or decorative stones.

Active plywood hood

To organize an active exhaust system, the central element is the motor, thanks to which air will be sucked into the air duct. Making a homemade exhaust fan is quite difficult; it requires knowledge in this topic. Therefore, to assemble a homemade kitchen hood, you should take an old device that is in working condition as a basis. If there is none, the solution would be to purchase an inexpensive model that is suitable in performance and size.

The manufacture of an active type kitchen hood begins with the assembly of the body. First, the lower frame is assembled, on which the engine and exhaust grille are installed. Next, the main frame elements are manufactured and attached to the base. A homemade kitchen hood can be of any desired shape, so the components are made depending on personal preferences. It is important to consider one point here: the air duct pipe must be placed inside the frame.

Air cleaner trim parts are made from. Next, they are sequentially glued to the frame. After the glue has completely dried, the surface of the plywood is sanded and puttied.

The hood should be as useful as possible

The final stage of manufacturing a decorative hood for an active kitchen is the process of its decoration. Depending on preference, the air purifier can be painted, varnished, or lined with other materials.

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The finished device must be connected to the building's ventilation system. To do this, the air purifier is mounted using fasteners, after which the air duct is connected to it. If necessary, it can also be hidden in a decorative box.

Adhering to the recommendations outlined, making a hood in the kitchen of an apartment or private house is no more difficult than attaching a purchased device. In addition, this option will allow you to produce a product that matches the style and character of the interior. Now you know how to make a hood in the kitchen.

In order for a kitchen hood to be made correctly with your own hands, no professional construction education is required. You just need to carefully study the materials presented below.

Scheme of the principle of air purification: a - flow; b – circulation.

It is a very common occurrence when you start renovating your kitchen and are surprised to discover that the kitchen hood is completely unsuitable in size or design. Of course, such a problem will not bring joy. And it will require a solution. By making a kitchen hood yourself, you can significantly save your finances, which you would have spent on purchasing a finished product. But it will take you much more time to make a hood than to install its factory counterpart.

What you should know about kitchen hoods

You should have an idea of how this unit works. The word “drawing” itself implies a process during which something is drawn out. And this “something” is polluted air.

Most hoods do not just draw in dirty air, they process it using filters and release it back, already purified. Some models simply remove contaminated air through the ventilation system to which they are connected.

Important! If you decide to make a hood yourself, be sure to make sure that the ventilation ducts in your home are in good working order.

When the ventilation is clogged or partially dirty, the traction force is reduced. And sometimes it’s completely absent. Consequently, the hood will not be able to cope with its task at the maximum level. To help the appliance work, you should clean the home's ventilation system and provide additional air flow into the kitchen during operation.

Rule: if your house has windows with a high level of tightness, set the minimum ventilation mode thanks to special valves for ventilation.

You might be interested in: How to Repaint Old Furniture Effortlessly

Types of kitchen hoods:

active;
passive.

The first type of kitchen hoods involves devices that have a built-in Electrical engine. They have proven to be excellent pulling devices. But they also have drawbacks. For example, high energy consumption.

The second option is more simple model hoods. The operating principle is to remove contaminated air using an internal motor and fan. But a prerequisite for high-quality operation of the device is maintaining the ventilation system in perfect technical condition.

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In order to make such a model, you will need to prepare the materials and tools necessary for the work.

List of working tools and materials:

moisture-resistant plasterboard;
galvanized profiles;
perforated corner;
corrugated pipe;
elements for fastening;
corrugated insulation material;
putty;
dye;
corner covers;
screwdriver;
perforator;
building level;
putty knife;
paint brushes.