Facts about water for children. Amazing things about water
Peptides, or short proteins, are found in many foods - meat, fish, and some plants. When we eat a piece of meat, the protein is broken down into short peptides during digestion; they are absorbed into the stomach, small intestine, enter the blood, the cell, then into the DNA and regulate the activity of genes.It is advisable to periodically use the listed drugs for all people after 40 years of age for prophylaxis 1-2 times a year, after 50 years of age - 2-3 times a year. Other medications are as needed.
How to take peptides
Since the restoration of the functional ability of cells occurs gradually and depends on the level of their existing damage, the effect can occur either 1-2 weeks after the start of taking peptides, or after 1-2 months. It is recommended to carry out the course for 1-3 months. It is important to consider that a three-month intake of natural peptide bioregulators has a prolonged effect, i.e. It works in the body for about 2-3 months. The resulting effect lasts for six months, and each subsequent course of administration has a potentiation effect, i.e. the effect of enhancing what has already been received.Since each peptide bioregulator targets a specific organ and does not affect other organs and tissues, the simultaneous use of drugs with different effects is not only not contraindicated, but is often recommended (up to 6-7 drugs at a time).
Peptides are compatible with any medications and biological additives. While taking peptides, doses taken simultaneously medicines It is advisable to gradually reduce it, which will have a positive effect on the patient’s body.
Short regulatory peptides are not transformed into gastrointestinal tract, so they can be safely, easily and simply used in encapsulated form by almost everyone.
Peptides in the gastrointestinal tract break down into di- and tri-peptides. Further breakdown to amino acids occurs in the intestines. This means that the peptides can be taken even without a capsule. This is very important when a person for some reason cannot swallow capsules. The same applies to severely weakened people or children, when the dosage needs to be reduced.
Peptide bioregulators can be taken for both preventive and therapeutic purposes.
Efficiency natural(PC) is 2-2.5 times lower than encapsulated. Therefore, their use for medicinal purposes should be longer (up to six months). Liquid peptide complexes are applied to the inner surface of the forearm in the projection of the veins or on the wrist and rub until completely absorbed. After 7-15 minutes, the peptides bind to dendritic cells, which carry out their further transport to the lymph nodes, where the peptides undergo a “transplant” and are sent through the bloodstream to the desired organs and tissues. Although peptides are proteins, their molecular weight is much smaller than that of proteins, so they easily penetrate the skin. The penetration of peptide drugs is further improved by their lipophilization, that is, their connection with a fatty base, which is why almost all peptide complexes for external use contain fatty acids.
Not long ago, the world's first series of peptide drugs appeared for sublingual use—
A fundamentally new method of application and the presence of a number of peptides in each of the drugs provide them with the fastest and most effective action. This drug, entering the sublingual space with a dense network of capillaries, is able to penetrate directly into the bloodstream, bypassing absorption through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and primary metabolic decontamination of the liver. Taking into account direct entry into the systemic bloodstream, the rate of onset of the effect is several times higher than the rate when taking the drug orally.
Revilab SL line- these are complex synthesized drugs containing 3-4 components of very short chains (2-3 amino acids each). The concentration of peptides is the average between encapsulated peptides and PC in solution. In terms of speed of action, it occupies a leading position, because is absorbed and hits the target very quickly.
It makes sense to introduce this line of peptides into the course initial stage, and then switch to natural peptides.
Another innovative series is a line of multicomponent peptide drugs. The line includes 9 drugs, each of which contains a number of short peptides, as well as antioxidants and construction material for cells. An ideal option for those who do not like to take many medications, but prefer to get everything in one capsule.
The action of these new generation bioregulators is aimed at slowing down the aging process, maintaining a normal level of metabolic processes, preventing and correcting various conditions; rehabilitation after serious illnesses, injuries and operations.
Peptides in cosmetology
Peptides can be included not only in medicines, but also in other products. For example, Russian scientists have developed excellent cellular cosmetics with natural and synthesized peptides, which have an effect on the deep layers of the skin.External skin aging depends on many factors: lifestyle, stress, sunlight, mechanical irritants, climatic fluctuations, fad diets, etc. With age, the skin becomes dehydrated, loses elasticity, becomes rough, and a network of wrinkles and deep furrows appears on it. We all know that the process of natural aging is natural and irreversible. It is impossible to resist it, but it can be slowed down thanks to revolutionary cosmetology ingredients - low molecular weight peptides.
The uniqueness of peptides is that they freely pass through the stratum corneum into the dermis to the level of living cells and capillaries. Skin restoration occurs deep from the inside and, as a result, the skin retains its freshness for a long time. There is no addiction to peptide cosmetics - even if you stop using it, the skin will simply age physiologically.
Cosmetic giants are creating more and more “miracle” products. We trustingly buy and use, but no miracle happens. We blindly believe the labels on the cans, not realizing that this is often just a marketing technique.
For example, most cosmetic companies are busy producing and advertising anti-wrinkle creams with collagen as the main ingredient. Meanwhile, scientists have concluded that collagen molecules are so large that they simply cannot penetrate the skin. They settle on the surface of the epidermis and are then washed off with water. That is, when buying creams with collagen, we are literally throwing money down the drain.
Another popular active ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics is resveratrol. It really is a powerful antioxidant and immunostimulant, but only in the form of microinjections. If you rub it into the skin, a miracle will not happen. It has been experimentally proven that creams with resveratrol have virtually no effect on collagen production.
NPCRIZ (now Peptides), in collaboration with scientists from the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, has developed a unique peptide series of cellular cosmetics (based on natural peptides) and a series (based on synthesized peptides).
They are based on a group of peptide complexes with different application points that have a powerful and visible rejuvenating effect on the skin. As a result of application, skin cell regeneration, blood circulation and microcirculation are stimulated, as well as the synthesis of the collagen-elastin framework of the skin. All this manifests itself in lifting, as well as improving the texture, color and moisture of the skin.
Currently, 16 types of creams have been developed, incl. anti-aging and for problematic skin (with thymus peptides), for the face against wrinkles and for the body against stretch marks and scars (with peptides of bone-cartilaginous tissue), against spider veins (with vascular peptides), anti-cellulite (with liver peptides), for eyelids from swelling and dark circles (with peptides of the pancreas, blood vessels, osteochondral tissue and thymus), against varicose veins (with peptides of blood vessels and osteochondral tissue), etc. All creams, in addition to peptide complexes, contain other powerful active ingredients. It is important that the creams do not contain chemical components (preservatives, etc.).
The effectiveness of peptides has been proven in numerous experimental and clinical studies. Of course, to look great, creams alone are not enough. You need to rejuvenate your body from the inside, using from time to time various complexes of peptide bioregulators and micronutrients.
The line of cosmetics with peptides, in addition to creams, also includes shampoo, mask and hair conditioner, decorative cosmetics, tonics, serums for the skin of the face, neck and décolleté, etc.
It should also be taken into account that appearance Consumed sugar has a significant impact.
Due to a process called glycation, sugar has a damaging effect on the skin. Excess sugar increases the rate of collagen degradation, which leads to wrinkles.
Glycation - the interaction of sugars with proteins, primarily collagen, with the formation of cross-links - is natural for our body, permanent irreversible process in our body and skin, leading to hardening of connective tissue.
Glycation products – A.G.E particles. (Advanced Glycation Endproducts) - settle in cells, accumulate in our body and lead to many negative effects.
As a result of glycation, the skin loses its tone and becomes dull, it sags and looks old. This is directly related to lifestyle: reduce your consumption of sugar and flour (which is also good for normal weight) and take care of your skin every day!
To combat glycation, inhibit protein degradation and age-related skin changes, the company has developed an anti-aging drug with a powerful deglycating and antioxidant effect. The action of this product is based on stimulating the deglycation process, which affects the deep processes of skin aging and helps smooth out wrinkles and increase its elasticity. The drug includes a powerful anti-glycation complex - rosemary extract, carnosine, taurine, astaxanthin and alpha-lipoic acid.
Are peptides a panacea for old age?
According to the creator of peptide drugs V. Khavinson, aging largely depends on lifestyle: “No drugs can save you if a person does not have a set of knowledge and correct behavior- this is compliance with biorhythms, proper nutrition, physical education and taking certain bioregulators.” As for the genetic predisposition to aging, according to him, we depend on genes for only 25 percent.The scientist claims that peptide complexes have enormous restorative potential. But elevating them to the rank of a panacea and attributing non-existent properties to peptides (most likely for commercial reasons) is categorically wrong!
Taking care of your health today means giving yourself a chance to live tomorrow. We ourselves must improve our lifestyle - exercise, give up bad habits, eat better. And of course, whenever possible, use peptide bioregulators that help maintain health and increase life expectancy.
Peptide bioregulators, developed by Russian scientists several decades ago, became available to the general consumer only in 2010. Gradually more and more people around the world are learning about them. The secret of maintaining the health and youthfulness of many famous politicians, artists, and scientists lies in the use of peptides. Here are just a few of them:
UAE Minister of Energy Sheikh Saeed,
President of Belarus Lukashenko,
Former President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev,
King of Thailand
pilot-cosmonaut G.M. Grechko and his wife L.K. Grechko,
artists: V. Leontyev, E. Stepanenko and E. Petrosyan, L. Izmailov, T. Povaliy, I. Kornelyuk, I. Wiener (rhythmic gymnastics coach) and many, many others...
Peptide bioregulators are used by athletes of 2 Russian Olympic teams - in rhythmic gymnastics and rowing. The use of drugs allows us to increase the stress resistance of our gymnasts and contributes to the success of the team at international championships.
If in our youth we can afford to do health prevention periodically, whenever we want, then with age, unfortunately, we do not have such luxury. And if you don’t want to be in such a state tomorrow that your loved ones will be exhausted with you and will wait impatiently for your death, if you don’t want to die among strangers, because you don’t remember anything and everyone around you seems strangers to you in reality, you We must take action from today and take care not only of ourselves, but of our loved ones.
The Bible says, “Seek and you will find.” Perhaps you have found your own way of healing and rejuvenation.
Everything is in our hands, and only we can take care of ourselves. No one will do this for us!
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Water is the most familiar and simple substance for us. At the same time, water is fraught with many mysteries. Scientists still continue to explore the water, finding more and more interesting facts.
If a child’s performance at school suddenly drops, this does not always mean overload. The lead in the water may be to blame. Excess fluoride leads to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. And there are many horror stories that can be cited. Therefore, today more or less educated parents explain to their children that:
Under no circumstances should you drink tap water;
- you can only drink filtered water;
- if there is no filter in the house yet, then it is necessary to settle the tap water overnight so that the chlorine evaporates from it;
- Do not boil water more than once; repeated boiling releases dioxin, a toxic substance that causes cancer.
The last point seems especially surprising, since many people have the habit of repeatedly boiling water.
Drinking water is of the first (table water) and the highest category.
Water of the first category is ordinary purified tap water, as well as extracted from surface sources. Yes Yes. But at the same time, the manufacturer must write on the label that this is “purified water from a central water supply.” It is softened, chlorine and excess iron are removed. At the end of the process the ex tap water again they disinfect and make it useful: they add various useful microelements, for example, calcium and magnesium.
Water of the highest category - it is extracted from underground sources, which are most protected from pollution. This water must also be safe. But there is an additional criterion - water of the highest category must be beneficial for the body. In scientific terms, it is physiologically complete. Fluorine, iodine, and potassium compounds are already present in it or are introduced after disinfection.
Mineralka
According to SanPin in Russia, natural mineral drinking table water can be consumed in unlimited quantities. But it turns out that this is harmful to health. In the EU Directive on natural mineral water“It has been established that such water contains many types of microcomponents in excess, and this is fraught with complications. So, you should not experiment - especially on children.
“The name of the water, its type (first category, highest, etc.), date of manufacture, storage conditions, expiration date, chemical and physical composition of the water (content of anions and cations, total mineralization, hardness) must be indicated.
Water - necessary condition existence of all living organisms on our planet. “Water is more valuable than gold,” believed the Bedouins, who roamed the sands all their lives and knew the value of a sip of water. They understood that no amount of wealth would save a traveler in the desert if the supply of water ran out.
Water is one of the most basic human needs. The only thing that is more important is oxygen, without which life is simply not possible at all. A person can live only 2-3 days without water, but without food they can live for almost 3 months.
Water must be treated very carefully, because there is not much water suitable for drinking on Earth. Despite the fact that 3/4 of the Earth's area is covered with water.
How much do we know about water? Interesting Facts for children and adults
Fact. A person can live without water for no more than 2-3 days.
Fact. Slight dehydration of the body (about 2% of body weight - approximately 1.5 kilograms) leads to unpleasant symptoms: loss of strength, fatigue.
Fact. The cause of dehydration can be not only physical activity, but also overeating.
Fact. If the human body loses more than 10% of water, this can lead to death.
Fact. On average, according to statistics, the body of animals and plants contains more than 50% water.
Fact. Our body is 65-70% water.
Fact. The composition of the Earth's mantle contains 10-12 times more water than the World Ocean.
Fact. The world's oceans cover approximately 71% of the planet's surface, with an average depth of 4 km, and contain 97.6% of the world's known free water reserves.
Fact. If all the glaciers melted, the water level on our planet would rise by 64 m (about the size of a 20-story building) and about 1/8 of the land surface would be flooded with water.
Fact. Water is the only naturally occurring substance freely found on Earth whose density in the solid state is less than in the liquid state. This is why ice does not sink in water, and reservoirs, as a rule, do not freeze to the very bottom (although when extreme temperatures this is possible).
Fact. Sea water freezes at -1.91°C.
Fact. In one year, a person consumes about 60 tons of water only in the process of nutrition.
Fact. Water sometimes freezes even at above-zero temperatures.
Fact. Water has the highest heat capacity compared to liquids existing in nature.
Fact. In nature, approximately 1330 types of water can be distinguished. They are distinguished by origin (soil, rain, from fresh or long-standing snow, etc.), by the nature of the substances dissolved in it and their quantity.
Fact. The surface tension of water is second only to mercury among all liquids existing in nature.
Fact. We know about 3 different states of water (liquid, gaseous and solid). Contrary to this opinion, scientists identify liquid form water has 5 states and 14 states in solid form.
Fact. Water is a universal solvent.
Fact. Approximately 520 thousand cubic kilometers of water evaporate during the year from the Earth's surface. Rain and snow bring about the same amount of water to Earth. If you imagine it visually, you get a cube with a side of about 80 kilometers. If this volume is distributed evenly over the surface of the Earth, you will get a layer about 1 meter thick.
Fact. Hot water freezes faster than cooled water. If you take two identical containers of water, hot and cold water, and place them in the freezer, then a container with hot water will freeze faster than a cold one, although logically it should be the other way around.
Fact. The ocean occupies 3/4 of the entire surface of the Earth, while it is a powerful moderator of the Earth's climate, constantly heating the lower atmospheric layers.
Fact. Water is transparent only to visible rays and strongly absorbs infrared radiation.
Fact. About 80% of the Earth's surface is covered with water and only 1% of this water is suitable for drinking.
Fact. IN different parts Ice on Earth has different temperatures. The coldest ice is in Antarctica (ice temperature -60 degrees). The ice temperature in Greenland is only 28 degrees, while the Alpine ice temperature is 0 degrees.
Fact. Glaciers contain most of the fresh water.
Fact. Water in different states reflects light in its own way. For example, snow reflects approximately 85% sun rays, and water is only 5%.
Fact. The tissues of the human body lose water with age. Based on lean body mass. In infants, water makes up 80.6% of the body, in adults - 75.9%, in old people - 65-70%.
Fact. The blue color of clear ocean water can be attributed to the selective absorption and scattering of light in the water.
Fact. Polluted groundwater takes several millennia to clear.
Fact. Over 135 isotopic varieties of water are known. In addition to “living” and “dead”, there is “heavy”, “slippery”, “dry” and “rubber” water.
Fact. Science recognizes over 2000 structured forms of water.
Fact. Increasing the consumption of structured water (from 65% to 85%) prolongs a person’s life by about 15-20 years, stimulates tissue regeneration and all functional processes.
We have presented to your attention various unusual facts about water.
Water is the source of life for everything on Earth. It is an integral part of the human body, but increasingly it is not given importance, especially in those regions where there are no problems with this resource. It attracts more attention in the arid places of the planet, where local residents are always worried about its presence and perhaps only scientists think more about water, who each time discover more and more new ones. interesting facts about water. We have selected the most unusual ones and combined them into one list.
1. Everyone knows from school that water boils at one hundred degrees and becomes ice at zero degrees. But if you take a very clean liquid, then even at zero its edge will not become covered with ice. For it to freeze, you need a really big minus.
2. Scientists endlessly threaten rising temperatures and the fact that glaciers are inexorably melting. If they all turn into water, then its global level will rise by at least 60 meters, which means that about 1/8 of the planet’s land area will be flooded.
3. Several years ago, the international organization UNESCO set out to find out where the cleanest water is located. Its representatives visited 122 countries and determined that the best is located in Finland. Along the way, they were able to establish that more than one billion people around the planet have limited access to good water.
4. Loss of water is destructive for humans. On average, we consist of 70% liquid, and if we lose just 2%, we will experience incredibly strong thirst. If you lose 10%, the mind will no longer perceive normally the world, and hallucinations will begin to occur regularly. Another 2% and the water balance in the body can no longer be restored without the intervention of doctors, and with a loss of 20%, a person will face irreversible death.
5. We are all used to thinking that after zero degrees, water turns into ice, which only becomes stronger as the minus increases. But if we continue to steadily lower the temperature, then at 115 degrees below zero, it will become viscous, and at minus 130 degrees we will get what researchers call “glass water.” It will be absolutely transparent, and will no longer resemble muddy ice.
6. Interesting fact about water in human life. Without it, people cannot live even a few days, but at the same time, this liquid is the main carrier of diseases. It has been scientifically established that 80% of the diseases that people across the planet are exposed to are transmitted through water and about 30 million people die as a result.
7. Interesting facts about water for children. High school physics courses have always taught that water exists in three key states: solid, gaseous and liquid. But in fact, according to scientists, there are more of them, because there are 5 more different types rare condition and as many as 15 types of solid.
8. An interesting fact about fresh water is that the largest amount of it is found in glaciers. Despite the fact that our planet is filled with a huge amount of water - seas, rivers, lakes, oceans, of their total, only 3% is suitable for drinking. And what is most problematic - most of of this 3% is frozen in glaciers near the poles.
9. Historical fact - in the Middle Ages, one family spent about 6 liters of water per day for their needs. By comparison, now in Africa any family uses up more than 20 liters, and in America this figure reaches 1000 liters per day.
10. Interesting fact about the properties of water. We all know that it is best to put out a fire, but there is also water that burns. The source of this flammable liquid is located in Azerbaijan and the cause of combustion is a large amount of methane dissolved in it.
Water is one of the most basic human needs. The only thing that matters is oxygen. Without it, life is not possible at all; without water a person can live only 3-4 days, but without food you can last almost 3 months. So you need to treat water very carefully, because there is not so much drinkable water on Earth, despite the fact that three-quarters of the planets’ area is covered with water.
1. Water is the chemical compound H2O. But it is a unique universal solvent. This is why it is impossible to find clean water in nature. Water absorbs many substances and compounds encountered along the way. As a result, a person does not consume pure water, but a complex solution with many different components. By the way, an interesting fact: only water is found on Earth in three states at once - liquid, solid and gaseous.
2. It is known that 70% of our planet is covered with water, of which 3% is fresh (mostly in the form of glaciers), and only 1% is suitable for drinking! And this despite the fact that a person needs 35 tons throughout his life drinking water average. In general, water experts identify 1,330 types of water, classifications are carried out according to various signs– by origin, by type and amount of dissolved substances, etc.
3. As already mentioned, a person cannot exist without water. After all, we are 60-70% made up of it, and for children and five-month embryos this figure is even higher - 80% and 94%, respectively (and a watermelon is 93%). The role of water in the life of the body is difficult to overestimate. It has the functions of delivery to cells nutrients, vitamins and microelements and the subsequent removal of waste products, participation in the processes of respiration and thermoregulation. In addition, scientists have shown that it is enough to reduce the water content in the body by 2%, as a person’s mental and physical performance drops by 20%.
4. That is why it is recommended to consume 1.5-2 liters of water per day per person. This indicator, of course, should be selected individually depending on weight, time of year, person’s activity, etc. But people often do not drink enough water or replace it with various drinks. And the brain sends a signal that is mistakenly interpreted as hunger. Thus, drinking plenty of fluids is the basis of a simple and now popular diet. The main thing is to drink evenly throughout the day, and only clean water counts, which should be either a little cooler or a little warmer than body temperature.
5. The benefits of water for the body cannot be overestimated. So just a couple of glasses of clean water can help overcome fatigue and depression. A holiday at sea is also very useful, where there is an opportunity to show off your one-piece swimsuits and original swimming trunks. The same water can also reduce the risk of heart attacks, relieve swelling and increase blood pressure. Water is even more beneficial for lovers of coffee, tea and alcoholic beverages, which stimulate kidney function, which in turn leads to dehydration.
6. There is a unique Lake Cirknitskoe in Yugoslavia. It behaves cyclically - completely disappearing in winter and summer, and replenishing along with fish in spring and autumn.
7. There is a unique lake in Algeria that is filled with “ink”. You can even write with this water.
8. And in Antarctica there is a lake with a salinity 11 times greater than sea water. It is so salty that it does not freeze even at -50 degrees Celsius.
9. Azerbaijan can boast of flammable water. It is enough to bring a match to the water and it will light up with a blue flame.
10. In Sicily you can find the most dangerous water. It collects in a lake, at the bottom of which there are two sources of sulfuric acid. There may even be lakes.
11. But the cleanest water was in Finland. Scientists for Unesco conducted a study of the quality and quantity of fresh water in 122 countries. But at the same time, more than 1 billion people have no access to water at all.
12. A liter of the most expensive water costs $90 and is sold in Los Angeles (USA). Manufacturers talk about crystal purity and amazing taste, and actively decorate the bottle with Swarovski crystals. It seems that, first of all, amateurs are chasing this kind of water; this water is more of an indicator of status. After all, Hollywood stars also take up such bottles.
13. It’s not just the water you ingest that can pose a danger. Water also collects substances in the pipeline, which can lead to serious consequences after a shower. So a very small amount of manganese can be inhaled during a long shower, which has a strong effect on the nervous system...
14. Scientists now estimate fresh water reserves at 3 million cubic kilometers, and 1 trillion tons evaporate from the earth’s surface every day. By the way, the ocean level is gradually rising, the growth rate has been 1 mm per year for the last hundred years. Another interesting fact about water reserves. It turns out that the water reserves in all reservoirs can raise the level of the World Ocean by as much as 3 cm.
15. It turned out that sea water contains as much as 1.5 grams of protein per 1 cubic centimeter, and other nutrients are present in it. Thus, in the Atlantic Ocean alone, 20,000 harvests are dissolved, equivalent to the annual harvest of the fields of the entire Earth.
16. Economic fact. If there is a leak in the house, then a trickle just a needle thick can carry 840 liters per day.
Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth, and one of the most important is that it is extremely valuable. economic resource, but also one that we waste thoughtlessly and monstrously pollute.
In 1993, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed March 22 as World Day water resources. And not without reason - without water, we cannot exist.
Fresh water reserves
The largest amount of water is contained in the Earth's mantle. This is approximately 10 times more than all the water in the World Ocean. Almost all the water on the planet is not suitable for drinking. We can only use about 3% of the water, which is the amount of fresh water on the planet. But even most of this 3% is not yet available to us, since it is contained in glaciers and permafrost.
97% of the water on Earth is salt water; Water is found in the Earth's lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, swamps, and so on, accounting for only 0.3% of the world's fresh water reserves. The rest is preserved in glaciers or in the soil.
There is more water in the atmosphere than in all rivers combined. If all the water vapor in our planet's atmosphere turned into liquid water at once and fell as precipitation evenly across the planet, it would raise sea levels by only about 2 centimeters.
Physical properties of water
Water boils at a temperature of +100 °C. Exactly this useful property water allows you to get rid of many harmful microorganisms by boiling for a long time.
Purified water free of all impurities is called distilled. The most interesting and surprising thing about this is that a person cannot drink such water.
Water contains a large number of gases, including oxygen and nitrogen. It is this circumstance that makes it possible for fish and other inhabitants of seas and rivers to exist calmly in the water and breathe through their gills.
There is a dead and living water. It can be obtained by passing electric current in separate vessels with electrically conductive walls.
Since water contains a lot of dissolved salt, its density increases slightly. For example, in the Mediterranean
Hot water is heavier than cold water. This is explained by the fact that when heated, a large amount of dissolved gases come out of it, which are significantly lighter in density than liquid.
Perhaps the most interesting fact about water is that water expands when it freezes. This is what causes heating systems to burst if warm water is not constantly circulated through them in winter.
Water begins to freeze at zero degrees Celsius. It would be logical to assume that it has the greatest density precisely at this mark on the thermometer. However, water has its greatest density at a temperature of +4 °C.
What is surprising is that its density is maximum at +4 °C, i.e. under such conditions it becomes the heaviest for the same volumes.
Water cannot be compressed with a conventional press. When compressed, water begins to seep through the walls of the press. The same applies to any other substance in a liquid state. But ordinary ice compresses without problems.
Due to the fact that ice easily melts with friction, we can skate without experiencing serious resistance on its surface.
Water, being in different states, reflects light differently. Snow can reflect up to about 85% of the sun's rays, and water only 5%. That is why it is able to store so much energy from the sun's rays.
The blue color of clear ocean water can be explained by the selective absorption of a certain part of the spectrum and the scattering of light in the water.
From school, we know that any substance can be in only 3 states of aggregation: liquid, solid and gaseous. However, scientists distinguish 5 different states of water in liquid form and 14 states of ice.
Some researchers count more than 2,000 structured forms of water.
There are over 135 isotopic varieties of water. Their names are very appropriate: “live”, “dead”, “heavy”, “slippery”, “dry” and “rubber”.
Which water do you think is more likely to turn into ice: hot or cold? A strange question, because it is obvious that it is colder. After all, hot food must first be cooled, and only then allowed to freeze. However, experience has proven that it turns into ice faster hot water.
There is still no clear answer to this question, why hot water freezes faster than cold water. It is probably due to differences in supercooling, evaporation, ice formation, convection, or the reason is the effect of dissolved gases on hot and cold water.
There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call supercooling of water. Crystal clear water that does not contain impurities has this property. Even when cooled below freezing, such water still remains liquid. However, as the temperature drops, the water will still turn into ice or boil.
Continuing to cool the frozen clean water, you can notice its miraculous transformations. At -120°C water becomes super viscous or viscous, and at temperatures below -135°C it will turn into “glassy” water. "Glass" water is a solid substance that lacks a crystalline structure, just like glass.
Humanity's use of water
A running toilet can waste up to 800 liters of water every day.
Just one faulty tap leaking water drops per second can result in a leakage of 14,000 liters per year.
The bath uses up to 35 liters of water; a five-minute shower consumes from 10 to 25 liters.
First water pipes in the USA were made from hollowed out logs.
748 million people in the world do not have access to quality sources of drinking water.
2.5 billion people do not have access to a water-flush toilet.
Around 1.8 billion people around the world drink water that is contaminated with excrement.
In developing countries, women and girls are primarily responsible for collecting water; on average, 25% of the time is spent on this task.
Collectively, South African women and children walk the equivalent of 16 round trips every day to fetch water.
Household water leakage is 15 trillion. liters annually.
On average, an American uses about 100 liters of water per day.
On average, a European person consumes about 50 liters of water per day.
On average, a person in sub-Saharan Africa uses 2-5 liters of water per day.
Human health and water
Water is the basis of life. All living animals and plants consist of water: animals - 75%, fish - 75%, jellyfish - 99%, potatoes - 76%, apples - 85%, tomatoes - 90%, cucumbers - 95% , and watermelons - by 96%.
Water not only gives rise to living things, but can also take them away. Approximately 85% of all known to mankind diseases in the world are transmitted by water. About 25 million people die every year from these diseases.
As we age, the tissues of the human body lose water. Based on fat-free body mass: In infants, water makes up 80.6% of the body, in adults - 75.9%, in the elderly - 65-70%.
With the help of water you can get rid of excess weight. Drinking water alone as a drink to quench your thirst may affect your overall caloric intake. Water replaces carbonated high-calorie drinks and after it you crave sweets less, as is the case with tea or.
Water reduces the likelihood heart attack. Scientists have found that those people who drink about 6-7 glasses of water a day are less at risk of heart stroke, unlike those who drink only 1-2 glasses of pure water.
Without water, a person cannot live long. The need for water comes second after oxygen. A person can live about 6 weeks without food, and 5-7 days without water. Over the course of his entire life, a person drinks approximately 35 tons of water.
When a person loses only 2% of his body weight in water, he becomes very thirsty. If the proportion of lost water increases to 10%, then the person will begin to hallucinate. With a loss of 12%, a person will no longer be able to recover without medical care. With a loss of 20%, the person will simply die.
Saving water resources
Water is deceptive. It flows freely from the sky and seems to flow endlessly in rivers, but it is a very limited resource. We only have what we have. And although there are about 332,500,000 cubic miles of it on Earth - only 0.01% of the world's total water reserves, not all of it is available for human use. We really need to learn how to use water.
Since a typical open tap produces 2 liters of water per minute, you can save up to 4 liters of water each morning by turning off the tap while you brush your teeth.
Polluted groundwater is purified naturally over several millennia.
How much water do you need?
7.5 liters per person per day to meet the needs of most people and about 5 liters per person per day to cover basic hygiene needs.
10 liters of water are required to make 1 sheet of paper.
It takes about liters of water to make 17 ounces of plastic.
3500 liters of water to produce 1 kg of rice.
It takes about 15,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of beef.
Other facts about water
As you know, water cannot burn. However, in Azerbaijan there is a type of water that is highly saturated with methane, which can cause it to catch fire if you bring a match to it.
In Sicily, in one of the lakes, there are underwater sources of acid that poison the water in this reservoir.
The most expensive water- this is the one that a person wants to get during times of strong thirst. As for ordinary trade, the most expensive water in the world is sold in Los Angeles, USA. The manufacturer packages the liquid with a balanced taste and ph value in bottles with Swarovski rhinestones. The cost of one such bottle is $90 per 1 liter.
Sea water is an extremely nutritious substance. So 1 cu. cm of such water contains 1.5 grams of protein and other nutrients. Scientists believe that only one Atlantic Ocean in terms of its nutritional value, it can provide as much food as 20 thousand crops, which are harvested throughout the year throughout the land.
