The importance of speech culture in the life of society. What is speech culture? Message on the Russian language on the topic of culture

Beautiful speech attracts attention and helps to convey the speaker’s thoughts in accessible words. In the communication process, an important place is given to language norms and communication ethics. A person who is actually familiar with the concept of speech culture has an abundant vocabulary, his speech is distinguished by purity, expressiveness, clarity and correctness.

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We cannot talk about speech culture in isolation from language culture, although there is a terminological distinction between them. The richer and more multifaceted the language culture is, the better it will be speech influence. will appear more options for constructing speech structures. Let's bring a little clarity to these two concepts. Let's consider what language and speech are in order to better understand their relationship.

Speech culture and language

Concept a culture of speech quite versatile and directly related to tongue. We convey our thoughts and feelings to our interlocutor using words familiar to both of us. In this case the language is sign mechanism to express the essence of the transmitted information.

In another sense, language also acts way of thinking. If you think about it, you will understand that a person has no other thoughts than those formed with the help of words familiar to him in one or more languages.

Implementation mental activity carried out through speeches, which represents language in action. This may be oral communication, recording on paper or other media.

Two definitions of speech culture

1. A set of linguistic means and qualities that allow you to effectively influence the addressee in order to solve communicative problems.
2. The ability to best influence an interlocutor or group of people in a certain situation, demonstrating good command of the literary language.

Sound culture of speech and its development

The sound component of speech has been relevant at all times, its practical significance is undeniable even today.

Exploring Aspects sound culture of speech at the physical, physiological and linguistic levels contributes to the disclosure of the natural principles of its formation and development. Each language has its own set of sounds and a number of features. For example, the Russian language has the following distinctive qualities:

• melodiousness of vowel sounds;
• consonant sounds have a peculiar pronunciation and are often pronounced softly;
• variety of intonation.

Sound culture speech involves the correct selection and pronunciation of sounds, training of clear diction and expressiveness. It obeys all phonetic and orthoepic rules. Its structure includes the following main sections:

1. The culture of speech pronunciation is the competent reproduction of sounds and clear articulation, which is formed on the basis of established speech breathing and training of the vocal apparatus;
2. Speech hearing is a complex of phonemic, rhythmic and pitch hearing.

Based on this, in the sound culture of speech, effective work should be carried out in 2 directions: the development of speech perception and the speech motor apparatus. In the educational process Special attention should be given to the production of spelling-correct speech, its clarity and expressiveness. In general, the culture of verbal communication should be considered part of etiquette.

For normal existence, a person needs communication. It permeates the spiritual world, ensures material activity and social adaptation. Spending long periods of time in solitude or confinement is a real test. Communication is the main need of humanity. It provides the origins for reproduction, organization and expression of personality. Communication hunger is deadly for babies.

It is built based on the following principles:

1. The instrumental principle is the possession of skills, forms and techniques of communication to express thoughts and establish the communication process;
2. The principle of expediency is the ability to build communication in such a way as to achieve maximum effect in accordance with personal and social goals;
3. The ethical principle is the ability to share views, respect the interests of the interlocutor, and not adhere only to one’s opinion and defend exclusively one’s position;
4. The aesthetic principle is the ability to focus on communication as an important process that needs constant improvement and the development of new forms.

This is an important element of a person’s general culture, which must be instilled with early years, educate correctly and improve all the time. Every person should have an ideal image formed in their subconscious, according to which there will be a desire to express themselves beautifully, construct their speech correctly, and communicate culturally.

Key aspects of speech culture

The culture of speech has its own aspects that help reveal its essence. The main ones are:

1. Regulatory aspect;
2. Ethical aspect;
3. Communication aspect.

The central place is normative aspect. The norm is usually understood as a set of correct language means that act as ideal models. It is mandatory and affects the language comprehensively. It prescribes rules enshrined in the language system as a whole.

Ethical component gives justification for the word in a moral sense. rules of communication are established in accordance with moral norms and cultural traditions. The expression of thoughts requires such requirements as clarity, precision and intelligibility.

Parity, being the most important ethical principle, is present at different stages of the conversation. In this case, important importance is given to the gaze, facial expressions, gestures and smile. Attention signals can also manifest themselves through regulatory cues. A good conversationalist can not only maintain a conversation, he is able to offer interesting topic and set the desired tone of the conversation. He knows how to win you over from the first minutes of communication.

Communication aspect, being in close connection with the function of language, imposes its own requirements on the quality of speech interaction. A high culture of speech is a set of communicative qualities that are reflected in the sphere of communication. Following language norms is an important point, but not sufficient. You need to be able to find precise means to express thoughts. At the same time, they must be expressive, logical and relevant to effectively perform the assigned communication tasks. Communicative expediency is an important theoretical category of speech culture.

Norms of speech culture

The culture of speech obliges each individual to adhere to certain norms. They are needed in order to preserve the integrity of the literary language and its understandability for all speakers.

Main norms of speech culture are:

• Lexical norms- correct use of words, without going beyond the literary language. The difference between words that are close in meaning can be understood by referring to dictionaries and reference books. Compliance with such norms will eliminate lexical errors;
• Grammar rules- word formation, morphology and syntax. They are described in textbooks and grammar reference books;
• Stylistic norms- are prescribed by genre laws and follow from the features of the functional style. These standards can be found in explanatory dictionary, textbooks in stylistics and speech culture. Examples of stylistic errors: lexical insufficiency and redundancy, stylistic inappropriateness, ambiguity.

Written speech is subject to spelling and punctuation standards. Separately, norms for pronunciation, intonation and stress are established for oral speech. Compliance with key or secondary standards has big influence on the quality of speech culture in general. The slightest violation of them can create an unpleasant impression on the recipient. The listener is easily distracted and the speech “flies past the ears.”

The letter can be seen as independent system communication process. Written speech covers statistical space, not temporal space. This allows the writer to think through his speech, return to what he has written, correct and rearrange the text, and make the necessary clarifications. Finding a form of presentation and effectively expressing thoughts can take a long time.

Reflects a person’s thoughts using graphic signs. The text is presented through the use of literary language. If necessary, technical terms, business vocabulary or colloquial expressions may be used.

As a rule, such a culture of speech requires a high level of education of a person. He must skillfully use words to:

• building complex structures;
• conveying the subtlest mood;
• reproducing speech intonation;
• expressions of emotional shades of transmitted information.

Possessing these qualities and abilities, you can convey the essence, convey the desired mood and feelings to any listener. Masters of this craft are able to describe the sound of music, display shades of colors, describe natural phenomena and immerse the reader in a world of fantasy.

Speech culture of modern children

The cultural appearance of a modern child is far from ideal. The reason for the violation of children's speech culture is non-compliance with literary norms and the influence of distorted language forms. The Russian language in the information age is under serious pressure, changing beyond recognition.

The speech culture of modern children is a rather plastic environment that instantly responds to all changes, including unfavorable ones. That is why the state of speech culture today is under close attention. Measures are being taken against clogging the speech coming from the mouths of children. Unfortunately, it is now “not fashionable” to speak a normal language among young people.

Formation and education of a culture of speech

The most important intellectual indicator of a person and his culture is speech. In general, it is valuable for society that every individual strives for its improvement. The richer and more figurative the speech, the more significant a person looks and feels.

Alas, not all families pay sufficient attention to cultural communication. Every child needs to be conveyed that speech culture is a reflection of a person’s spiritual culture. The beauty and grandeur of the native word ennobles feelings and puts thoughts in order.

The work of teachers and speech therapists in kindergarten and school is focused on correcting the pronunciation of sounds and correct word stress. This is not enough for formation of beautiful and correct speech. Sound culture is only part of the general culture of speech. Sound pronunciation classes are important, but they are only a small part of a vast science. School program is a continuation of the formation of a speech culture in children. Here a large number of hours are devoted to both oral and written speech.

The educational process is always most fruitful when children are taught not only at school, but also at home. Parents on by example should show that the culture of verbal communication decorates interpersonal relationships and facilitates mutual understanding. The treasures of the richest treasury of the Russian language can be found with the help of the living word, which children should hear from adults every day.

People live in society, and communication is an integral part of human existence. Therefore, without it, the evolution of intelligence would hardly have been possible. At first these were attempts at communication, similar to baby babble, which gradually, with the advent of civilization, began to improve. Writing appeared, and speech became not only oral, but also written, which made it possible to preserve the achievements of mankind for future descendants. From these monuments one can trace the development of oral traditions of speech. What is speech culture and speech culture? What are their standards? Is it possible to master speech culture on your own? This article will answer all questions.

What is speech culture?

Speech is a form of verbal communication between people. It involves the formation and formulation of thoughts, on the one hand, and perception and understanding, on the other.

Culture is a term with many meanings and is the object of study in many disciplines. There is also a meaning that is close in meaning to communication and speech. This is a part of culture associated with the use of verbal signals, which means language, its ethnic characteristics, functional and social varieties, which have oral and written forms.

Speech is a person’s life, and therefore he must be able to speak correctly and beautifully, both in writing and orally.

Thus, speech culture and speech culture are mastery of the norms of the language, the ability to use its expressive means in various conditions.

The culture of speech, regardless of the nationality of the speakers, developed gradually. Over time, the need arose to systematize existing knowledge about the language. Thus, a section of linguistics appeared, which is called speech culture. This section explores the problems of language normalization in order to improve it.

How was the culture of speech formed?

Speech culture and speech culture as a branch of linguistics developed in stages. They reflect all the changes that have occurred in the language. For the first time, people thought about fixing the norms of written speech in the 18th century, when society realized that the lack of uniform rules for writing made communication difficult. In 1748, V.K. Trediakovsky wrote about Russian spelling in his work “Conversation between a foreigner and a Russian about ancient and new spelling.”

But the foundations of the grammar and stylistics of the native language were laid by M. V. Lermontov in his works “Russian Grammar” and “Rhetoric” (1755, 1743-1748).

In the 19th century, N.V. Koshansky, A.F. Merzlyakov and A.I. Galich supplemented the library of studies of speech culture with their works on rhetoric.

Linguists of the pre-revolutionary period understood the importance of standardizing the rules of language. In 1911, V. I. Chernyshevsky’s book “Purity and Correctness of Russian Speech” appeared. Experience of Russian stylistic grammar”, in which the author analyzes the norms of the Russian language.

The post-revolutionary period was a time when the established norms of speech culture were shaken. Then social activities engaged in people whose speech was simple and replete with slang and dialect expressions. The literary language would have been under threat if a layer of Soviet intelligentsia had not formed in the 1920s. She fought for the purity of the Russian language, and a directive was given according to which the “masses” had to master proletarian culture. At the same time, the concepts of “language culture” and “speech culture” emerged. These terms are used for the first time in relation to the new, reformed language.

In the post-war years, speech culture as a discipline received a new round of development. An important contribution to the formation of the discipline was made by S. I. Ozhegov as the author of the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” and E. S. Istrina as the author of “Norms of the Russian Language and Speech Culture”.

The 50-60s of the 20th century became the time of the formation of the culture of speech as an independent discipline:

• “Grammar of the Russian Language” was published.
• The scientific principles of speech culture have been clarified.
• Issues of the “Dictionary of the Russian Literary Language” are published.
• At the Institute of Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a sector of speech culture appears under the leadership of S. I. Ozhegov. Under his editorship, the journal “Issues of Speech Culture” is published.
• D. E. Rosenthal and L. I. Skvortsov are working on a theoretical basis for some issues. They devote their works to separating two terms from each other - “culture of speech” and “culture of language”.

In the 1970s, speech culture became an independent discipline. She has a subject, object, methodology and techniques of scientific research.

Linguists of the 90s do not lag behind their predecessors. At the end of the 20th century, a number of works devoted to the problem of speech culture were published.

The development of speech and the culture of verbal communication continue to be one of the pressing linguistic problems. Today, the attention of linguists is focused on such issues.

• Establishing internal connections between improving the speech culture of society and the development of national culture.
• Improving the modern Russian language taking into account the changes occurring in it.
• Scientific analysis of the processes occurring in modern speech practice.

What are the signs and properties of speech culture?

Speech culture in linguistics has a number of distinctive properties and features, which are also the logical basis of the phenomenon being studied:

Knowing the basics of speech culture and applying them as intended is the duty of every educated person.

What is a type of speech culture?

The type of speech culture is a characteristic of native speakers depending on their level of language proficiency. The ability to use language is also important. Here an important role is played by how well developed verbal communication, a culture of speech. Let's consider the question in more detail.

Based on the above, it is necessary to highlight the basic norms of speech culture:

• Regulatory. Protects the literary language from the penetration of colloquial expressions and dialectisms and keeps it intact and in accordance with generally accepted norms.
• Communicative. Implies the ability to use the functions of the language in accordance with the situation. For example, the accuracy in scientific speech and the acceptability of imprecise expressions in conversation.
• Ethical. Means compliance speech etiquette, that is, norms of behavior in communication. Greetings, addresses, requests, questions are used.
• Aesthetic. It involves the use of techniques and methods of figurative expression of thoughts and decorating speech with epithets, comparisons and other techniques.

What is the essence of human speech culture?

Above we examined the concepts of “language” and “speech culture” as a social phenomenon that characterizes society. But society consists of individuals. Consequently, there is a type of culture that characterizes the oral speech of an individual. This phenomenon is called “human speech culture.” The term should be understood as a person’s attitude towards language knowledge and the ability to use it and improve it if necessary.

These are skills not only in speaking and writing, but also in listening and reading. For communicative perfection, a person must master all of them. Mastering them presupposes knowledge of patterns, signs and patterns of constructing communicatively perfect speech, mastery of etiquette and the psychological foundations of communication.

Human speech culture is not static - it, like language, is subject to changes that depend both on social transformations and on the person himself. It begins to form with the child’s first words. It grows with him, transforming into the speech culture of a preschooler, then a schoolchild, a student and an adult. The older a person is, the more advanced his speaking, writing, reading and listening skills become.

What are the differences between Russian speech culture?

Russian speech culture belongs to the section of disciplines that study national speech cultures. Each nation has formed its own language norm during its existence. What is natural for one ethnic group may be alien to another. These features include:

ethnic characteristics language picture peace;

use of verbal and non-verbal means;

a body of texts that includes all texts ever written in that language - both ancient and modern.

An ethnic picture of the world is understood as a set of views on the world through the words and expressions of a particular language, which is shared by all people who speak it and is taken for granted. But the difference between national pictures of the world can be easily traced through the analysis of folklore and the epithets used. For example, the expressions “bright head” and “kind heart” imply high intelligence and responsiveness. It is no coincidence that the head and heart were chosen in these epithets, since in the Russian understanding, a person thinks with his head and feels with his heart. But in other languages ​​this is not the case. For example, in the Ifaluk language, internal feelings are conveyed by the intestines, in the Dogon language by the liver, and in Hebrew they do not feel with the heart, but think.

At what level is modern Russian speech culture?

Modern speech culture reflects:

• typological features of the Russian language;
• scope of its application;
• unity of speech throughout the Russian Federation;
• territorial variants of the Russian language;
• written and oral texts of not only artistic, but also national significance, which reveal ideas about good and correct speech, about the achievements of science about the Russian language.

Russian speech etiquette

Russian speech etiquette is understood as a set of norms and rules of communication that developed under the influence of national culture.

Russian speech etiquette divides communication into formal and informal. Formal is communication between people who do not know each other well. They are connected by the event or reason for which they gathered. Such communication requires unquestioning adherence to etiquette. In contrast to this style, informal communication occurs between people who know each other well. This is family, friends, loved ones, neighbors.

Features of speech etiquette in Russia involve addressing a person as “you” during formal communication. In this case, you need to address the interlocutor by name and patronymic. This is necessary, since forms similar to “sir”, “mister”, “Mrs” or “Miss” are absent in Russian speech etiquette. There is a general “ladies and gentlemen”, but it applies to a large number of people. In pre-revolutionary Russia there were such addresses as sir and madam, but with the advent of the Bolsheviks they were replaced by words such as comrade, citizen and citizen. With the collapse of the USSR, the word "comrade" became outdated and acquired its original meaning - "friend", and "citizen" and "citizen" began to be associated with the police or court. Over time, they too disappeared, and were replaced by words that attract attention. For example, “sorry”, “excuse me”, “could you...”.

Unlike the speech culture of the West, in Russian there are many topics for discussion - politics, family, work. At the same time, sexual activities are prohibited.

In general, the culture of speech etiquette is acquired from childhood and improves over time, acquiring more and more subtleties. The success of its development depends on the family in which the child grew up and on the environment in which he develops. If the people around him are highly cultured, then the child will master this form of communication. Conversely, supporters of the vernacular type of speech culture will teach their child to communicate in simple and uncomplicated sentences.

Is it possible to develop speech culture on your own?

The development of speech culture depends not only on a person’s environment, but also on himself. At a conscious age, if desired, you can develop it yourself. To do this, you need to devote time to independent study every day. It will take 3 days to complete all the tasks, and before learning a new one, you need to repeat the old one. Gradually it will be possible to complete tasks not only together, but also separately. At first, such a speech culture lesson will take 15-20 minutes, but will gradually increase to an hour.

Expanding vocabulary. For the exercise you need to take any Russian or Russian dictionary foreign languages. Write down or underline all the words of one part of speech - nouns, adjectives or verbs. And then choose synonyms. This exercise helps expand passive vocabulary.

Writing a story using keywords. Take any book, select any 5 words at random with your eyes closed and make up a story based on them. You need to compose up to 4 texts at a time, each of which takes no more than 3 minutes. This exercise helps develop imagination, logic and intelligence. A more difficult option is to compose a story of 10 words.

Conversation with the mirror. For this exercise you will need the text from task 2. Stand in front of the mirror and tell your story without facial expressions. Then retell your story a second time, using facial expressions. Analyze your facial expression and manner of speaking by answering 2 questions - “do you like your facial expression and the way you present information” and “whether others will like them.” This task is aimed at developing the habit of consciously managing your facial expressions.

Listening to a recording from a voice recorder. This exercise will help you hear yourself from the outside and identify your strengths and weak sides your speech, and therefore, correct the shortcomings and learn to take advantage of the advantages of your manner of speaking. Read any literary text or poem you like into the recorder. Listen, analyze it like the previous task, and try to retell it or read it by heart a second time, taking into account the corrections.

1. Conversation with your interlocutor. This type of exercise helps develop dialogue skills. If among your friends or acquaintances there are people who do these exercises, then you can do exercise 2 with one of them. If not, then ask someone to help you. To do this, prepare a topic of conversation and a plan in advance. Your goal is to interest your interlocutor, arouse his curiosity and hold his attention for at least 5 minutes. The task is considered completed if the interlocutors talked on 3-4 of the given topics.

The development of speech culture requires constant practice - only in this case success will not be long in coming.

“Our role is the most important part not only of our behavior, but also of our personality, our soul, our mind, our ability not to be influenced by the environment if they *extract*”

D.S. Likhachev

Speech culture in professional activity plays an important role, as it represents the verbal interaction of partners and colleagues. An important part of professional culture is the culture of communication, and for many professions it plays a leading role, since, for example, for a teacher, journalist, lawyer, speech is the main tool of work.

A culture of speech- this is a set of human skills and knowledge, which in a certain communication situation, subject to modern language norms and communication ethics, provide the greatest effect in achieving the set communicative tasks. The culture of speech should be built on the basis of the norms of the literary language.

Literary language is the language of books, magazines, radio and television, which is realized in oral and written speech. Oral speech requires correctly pronouncing sounds and words, following the rules of stress, intonation of sentences, and word usage. Written speech requires rules of spelling and punctuation. Speech culture is very important in a person’s life and in his professional activities.

Professional culture includes: possession of special skills and professional skills, emotional culture, behavioral culture, professional communication culture. In the process of professional training, special skills are acquired. The culture of individual behavior is formed in accordance with the ethical standards of society. Establishing emotional contact, understanding the emotional state of a partner, and being able to regulate one’s mental state is the basis of emotional culture.

IN professional culture communication becomes especially important the role of social – psychological characteristics speech, such as the correspondence of speech to the emotional state of the interlocutor, the business orientation of speech, the correspondence of speech to social roles.

To be successful in professional activity, a modern specialist needs the following qualities:

knowledge of the norms of the literary language and stable skills in their application in speech;

the ability to monitor the accuracy, logic and expressiveness of speech;

mastery of professional speech style;

mastery of professional terminology, knowledge of the correspondence between terms and concepts;

the ability to take into account the social and individual personality traits of the interlocutor;

be able to determine the goal and understand the communication situation;

high degree of control emotional state and expressions of emotions;

skills in predicting the development of dialogue and the interlocutor’s reactions;

ability to create a supportive atmosphere;

knowledge of etiquette and strict adherence to its rules.

In professional activities, the ability to establish connections between previously known and new terms, the ability to use special terms and concepts in production situations is of great importance.

Great importance communicative competence plays a role - this is not only the ability to communicate and exchange information, but also the ability to establish appropriate relationships with partners in the production process, and organize joint creative activities.

The task of each of us is to improve our speech. After all, an integral feature of a cultured person is a high level of speech culture. It is necessary to monitor your speech in order to avoid mistakes in pronunciation, in the use of word forms, and in sentence construction. You need to constantly enrich your vocabulary, learn to feel your interlocutor, and the ability to select the most suitable words and constructions for each case.

“Culture and polishing. Man is born savage; being brought up, he outlives the animal in himself. Culture creates personality, and the more of it, the more significant the personality. The culture of Greece had the right to call the rest of the world barbaric. Uncouthness comes from ignorance; Culture requires, first of all, knowledge, but learning itself will be rough if it is not polished. Not only thoughts, but also desires, and especially speech, should be graceful. Some people are naturally endowed with grace, internal and external, in thoughts and words, in every part of the body and in every property of the soul - like a fruit, its peel and pulp. Others, on the contrary, are so uncouth that all their natural qualities, sometimes excellent, fade due to unbearable savage rudeness.”

Gracian y Morales

Mastering the art of communication is necessary for every person, regardless of what type of activity he is engaged in or will be engaged in, since success in personal, industrial and professional life depends on the level and quality of his communication. public spheres life.

What is speech culture?

Also, speech culture is an independent discipline that every person needs to study, since this knowledge can help an individual not only use words and expressions correctly, but can also provide such useful skills as the ability to express thoughts clearly and clearly, enriching vocabulary, and accordingly, an increase in the general level of human education. And, of course, the culture of speech reflects the manifestation of respect and love of a person for native language. The term “speech culture” has many meanings.

Among its main meanings, linguists identify the following:

• * “The culture of speech is a set of knowledge, skills and abilities that provide the author of a speech with an easy construction of speech utterances for the optimal solution of communication problems”;
• * “The culture of speech is a set and system of properties and qualities of speech that speak of its perfection”;
• * "The culture of speech is the area of ​​linguistic knowledge about the system of communicative qualities of speech."

These three meanings are interrelated: the first refers to the characteristics of a person’s individual abilities, the second to the assessment of the quality of speech, the third to the scientific discipline that studies speech abilities and speech qualities.

“So, speech culture is such a choice and such an organization of linguistic means that, in a certain communication situation, while observing modern language norms and communication ethics, make it possible to ensure the greatest effect in achieving the set communicative tasks,” this is how the famous modern linguist E. defines the concept of speech culture. N. Shiryaev.

Modern Russianists highlight several of the most important, in their opinion, aspects of speech culture:

• 1. lack of verbosity;
• 2. a clear awareness of the purpose of one’s own speech;
• 3. simplicity, clarity and accuracy of presentation;
• 4. speech diversity;
• 5. selection of speech means consistent with the speech situation;
• 6. following high standards, the ability to distinguish them from average level speech;
• 7. knowledge and mastery of language culture, which is the basis of the culture of speech behavior;
• 8. ability to find mutual language with any interlocutor;
• 9. polite tone and benevolent attitude;
• 10. the ability not only to speak, but also to listen.

Language is a tool folk culture. But for it to work for good, it must be used organically, beautifully and competently.

The culture of speech is not only the actual placement of stress and the correct use of words, but also the masterly handling of a rich set of expressive means.

Clear speech is the key to the health of society

When we meet a person who is beautiful from all sides, we are enchanted by his even posture, pleasant face, neat clothes, open smile, modest disposition, purity of soul and kindness of heart.

But sometimes, as soon as he opens his mouth, the magic disappears: instead of beautiful speech, we are showered with “agreements” and “quarters”, constantly planning to “lie” something and “call” someone.

Still others produce such intricate “three-story” illogical constructions that even a philosopher with a PhD thesis will not understand the meaning of the sentence.

Someone enriches their speech with uninvited paronyms. Others torment the language with tautologies and monotony, without trying to add even a drop of color to the narrative.

At business meetings, jargon is heard from the stands, and the Internet is filled with funny, illiterate quotes from metropolitan politicians.

All this linguistic chaos occurs for one single reason - an insufficient level of speech culture.

Speech culture - what is it?

An individual’s personal speech culture is characterized by how well he or she speaks the norms of the language.

This implies his ability to express himself accurately, specifically, succinctly, accessiblely, cleanly, competently, expressively and clearly.

The culture of a person’s speech is directly related to the spiritual wealth and holistic internal culture of the individual, with his horizons, aesthetic perception and views on the world.

In a general sense, this is a section of linguistics aimed at improving the main social tool - communication.

He explores language problems, establishes rules of word usage, defines strict boundaries of cultural communicative behavior and promotes language standards.

In addition to cultural vocabulary, the speech culture section explores colloquial forms, everyday simplified words, jargon, youth slang and borrowings.

Speech culture is based on oral and written standards and implies adequate, literary mastery of them. Globally, speech culture represents a love for the native language and a reverent attitude towards dogma.

It is an important requirement for defining a person as developed, highly educated, cultured and noble.

Speech culture and its features

The level of speech culture can characterize both the lifestyle of a single individual and the education and upbringing of an entire generation.

Criteria for speech culture:

1. Compliance with the rules. You can speak incorrectly in different ways - by confusing accents (“zvonit”), incorrectly pronouncing combinations of letters (“eggs” instead of “eggs”) and choosing the wrong word forms (“lodges” instead of “kladi”).

2. Statement accuracy. This refers to the concreteness of the reflection of thoughts. Due to vague constructions (“somewhere somewhere sometime”) and stylistic errors, your phrase may no longer be intelligible.

4. Logic of the story. Some individuals manage to start talking about one thing, but end the thought with a completely different opera.

Logical speech disorders, for example, are considered to be breaks in cause-and-effect relationships (“because gladiolus”).

The use of assorted sets and categories in one phrase is also destructive (“I read two books - the Primer and the blue one,” “two comrades were walking, one to school, the other in boots”).

5. Clarity of presentation. The ability to say nothing after chatting for two hours is highly valued in politics and marketing. However, in other communicative situations, confusing and ambiguous structures interfere with mutual understanding.

6. Variety of expressive means and vocabulary size. Speech that is rich in synonyms and colorful phrases is considered beautiful and rich.

7. Aesthetics. The use of euphemisms - a “soft” alternative to describe the harsh aspects of reality.

8. Reasonableness and appropriateness of the use of means of expression in a given situation.

Communication is a widely demanded tool in modern society, and those who master the culture of speech achieve great success.

In many different professions, the ability to express yourself clearly, accurately and meaningfully, to select “telling” metaphors and to influence the masses with one word will be useful.

Speech culture underlies oratory, literature and other important disciplines. Do not doubt, it always makes sense – both at a young and an old age – to improve your command of your native language!