Task 15 Unified State Exam in Russian language practice. A series of homogeneous members connected only by intonation, without conjunctions
Offers
Task 15 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language opens a block of tasks on punctuation and tests your ability to see syntactic structures and correctly place punctuation marks. To complete this task correctly, you need to be able to distinguish between simple and complex sentences, as well as correctly place commas in sentences with homogeneous members.
Task formulation
Place punctuation marks. Give two sentences that require
put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) In 1856, the first edition was published in the German city of Karlsruhe
poem “Demon” by former lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment M.Yu. Lermontov
and in the same year in Omsk in the family of the staff captain of the same Tenginsky
infantry regiment A.M. Vrubel had a son - the future artist Mikhail
2) Many paintings by I.K. Aivazovsky are perceived as musical
or poetic improvisations.
3) For the first time in so many war years, a ringing sound was heard from the park.
children's laughter and the creaking rusted by the rains crashed into the air
4) With the Decembrist poets of the composer A.A. Alyabyev was tied up as
general views and many circumstances of life and difficult personal
5) In the Meshchera region, the sources of rivers and springs and groves and
In this task we will meet coordinating conjunctions, which can connect both homogeneous members of a sentence and simple sentences as part of a complex sentence.
Let's look at different variants of simple sentences with homogeneous members.
- Single conjunctions AND, OR, EITHER, YES (= AND) do not require a comma.
The wind tore wet leaves from the birches and threw them onto the grass. At night the blizzard gets angry and knocks on the window. Should you choose a black or blue suit? We must decide now or forget about it forever.
- Homogeneous members of a sentence with conjunctions A, BUT, THEN, HOWEVER,
YES (= BUT) are always separated by a comma.
He grumbled, but did not dare to disobey. I don’t agree with you, but I won’t object.
- There are conjunctions consisting of several words: THAT - THAT, NOT THAT - NOT THAT, EITHER - EITHER, NEITHER - NOR (repeating) and NOT ONLY..., BUT AND...; AS..., SO AND...; NOT SO MUCH..., HOW MUCH... (compounds). In sentences with such conjunctions, commas are used between homogeneous members. Do not put a comma before the first part of the conjunction!
Either a neighbor or a postman rang the doorbell. All this for me either I dreamed, either I remembered. In the yard there was no barking of dogs, no voices of people, no rustling of leaves. Today on the street not only cool, but also windy. I love both poetry and prose Pushkin.
Note: in stable combinations there is no comma ( neither light nor dawn, neither alive nor dead, neither for ourselves nor for people and so on.)
- Single conjunctions AND, OR, OR, YES can also be repeated. In this case, a comma is placed between homogeneous members. Don't put a comma before the first conjunction!
The stormy stream made noise, foamed, and beat against the rocks. You either ask for forgiveness or leave our home forever. Everyone was screaming, waving their arms, and running along the shore at the same time.
Homogeneous members can be connected in pairs. Here's how to put up signs:
I enjoyed going to exhibitions and galleries, the Philharmonic and the Conservatory.
- Single conjunctions can connect homogeneous members belonging to different series, in which case they are not repeating.
The wind tore wet and odorous leaves from the birches and threw them onto the grass. I enjoyed going to exhibitions and galleries and visiting the Philharmonic.
Complex sentence
1. Between parts complex sentence a comma is added.
A lot has been written about the new film, and we decided to watch it. It froze, and by morning the trees were covered with frost. The hum died away in the distance, and for a long time not a sound was heard.
2. Conjunctions And can occur in one complex sentence, but play different roles: connect homogeneous members and simple sentences as part of a complex sentence.
[The sky and the distance are covered with darkness], and [the autumn wind brings sadness]. [Early morning is in full swing], and [breathing spring-like lightly and joyfully].
3. Comma between parts of a complex sentence not placed, if both simple sentences have a common minor member, a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause.
On the square People were noisy and music was playing. On the cold days of May The bird cherry tree finally blossomed and the starlings flew in. Obviously, the tasks were difficult and we were not ready. Seems, the temperature rises and the throat begins to hurt. When we woke up, it was already light and music was playing on the street.
Let's complete the task:
1) the first edition of the poem was published, and a son was born (complex sentence);
2) musical or poetic improvisations (homogeneous members of a sentence with a single conjunction OR);
Note: this sentence contains the conjunction HOW. But the task tests your ability to use signs in coordinating conjunctions (they are listed above). In all other cases, the signs in the sentences are correct, do not “improve” the sentences!
3) there was laughter and a creaking sound (complex sentence); but there are common minor members: for the first time in so many war years, out of the park;
4) both general views and life circumstances (double union AS..., SO AND)
5) the sources of rivers, and springs, and groves, and oak groves (the union And is repeated).
The fifteenth task of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language involves testing students' knowledge of the rules of punctuation of the Russian language. For correct completion of this task you can get as many as two primary points, so you need to prepare well for it. The theoretical material below can help with this.
Theory for task No. 15 of the Unified State Exam in Russian
Punctuation for homogeneous sentence parts
| A comma is placed | There is no comma |
|---|---|
| Between homogeneous members not connected by unions | Between two homogeneous members connected by the conjunction “and” |
| Yesterday I read, cleaned, cooked. | Yesterday I read, cleaned and cooked. |
| Between homogeneous members connected by adversative conjunctions a, but, yes (in the meaning but), however, but | Between two homogeneous members, if they are connected by a single union in a pair |
| Yesterday I read and cooked, but didn’t have time to clean up. | Yesterday I read and cooked. |
| Between homogeneous members connected by repeating unions: | In stable combinations |
| coordinating and, yes (in the meaning of and), neither... nor and dividing or, or, then... then, either... or, not that... not that | Neither light nor dawn, and laughter and sin, neither this nor that, here and there, neither for ourselves nor for people |
| Yesterday I not only read, but also cooked. | |
| Between several homogeneous members connected by unions and and or | Between two verbs in the same form, acting as a single predicate |
| Yesterday I both read and cooked. | I'll go read a book. |
Punctuation in a compound sentence
| A comma is not placed before the conjunction “and” if | |
|---|---|
| If there is a common member of the sentence | In spring, nature wakes up and people enjoy the warmth. |
| (general member of the sentence – “in spring”) | |
| If there is an introductory word common to both parts of the sentence | As often happens, we forgot about the good and remembered the bad. |
| If parts of a complex sentence have a common subordinate clause or a common non-union part | When I woke up, the sun had not yet risen and everyone in the house was sleeping. |
| Interrogative sentence | When will we see each other and will you tell me everything? |
| Incentive offer | Read the task carefully and do it! |
| Exclamatory sentence | How brightly the sun shines and how beautiful the sea! |
| The proposal is indefinitely personal | In the neighboring house they turned off the lights and lit a candle. |
| The offer is impersonal | It is necessary to carefully study this paragraph and make notes in your notebook. |
| Nominal offer | Frost and sun! |
Algorithm for completing the task
- We carefully read the task.
- Write down the correct answer.
Analysis of typical options for task No. 15 of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language
The fifteenth task of the demo version 2018
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
- The captivating beauty of Russian landscapes is amazing and remains in the memory for a long time.
- Among the most ancient images on the walls of Paleolithic caves are human handprints and incomprehensible patterns with random interweaving of wavy lines.
- Descartes built the logic of knowledge from the simplest and obvious to the complex and incomprehensible.
- Artistic speech is characterized by both imagery and emotionality.
- The poet sees either the diamond shine of a birch tree, or the velvet shine of arable land, or the amber shine of candles.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- We place punctuation marks in sentences.
- The captivating beauty of Russian landscapes is amazing and remains in the memory for a long time.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous predicates connected by a single conjunction AND, therefore there are no commas in the sentence.
- Some of the most ancient images on the walls of caves of the Paleolithic era include impressions of a person’s hand, and incomprehensible patterns with random interweaving of wavy lines.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions, connected by a repeating conjunction AND, which means we put ONE comma between them.
- Descartes built the logic of knowledge from the simplest and obvious to the complex and incomprehensible. A simple sentence complicated by two groups of homogeneous additions, interconnected by single conjunctions I. There are no commas.
- Artistic speech is characterized by both imagery and emotionality. The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions, connected by the conjunction both... and..., between the parts of which there is always a comma. ONE comma per sentence.
- The poet sees now the diamond shine of a birch forest, now the velvet shine of arable land, now the amber shine of candles.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous additions, connected by the conjunction that..., then..., then..., between the parts of which there is always a comma. There are two commas in the sentence.
Answer: 2, 4.
First version of the task
- The sun set and fog fell on the ground.
- The sun set, it became cool and fog fell on the ground.
- The sun turned red, became huge and began to slowly set behind the forest.
- The sun turned red and became huge; it began to slowly set and then completely disappeared behind the forest.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- We place punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
- We place punctuation marks in sentences.
- In the evening the sun set and fog fell on the ground.– The sentence is complex, has two parts, two grammatical bases ( ), we do not put a comma, since two simple sentences in a complex sentence have a common secondary member of the sentence In the evening.
- The sun set and fog fell on the ground.- The sentence is complex, has two parts, two grammatical bases ( 1 – the sun has set, 2 – the fog has fallen), we put a comma between parts of a complex sentence, since there is no common secondary member of the sentence, there is no common subordinate clause or part of an impersonal sentence.
- The sun set, it became cool, and fog fell on the ground. The sentence is complex, consists of three parts ( 1 – the sun has set, 2 – it has become cool, 3 – the fog has fallen), we put commas between parts of a complex sentence. This is a complex sentence with several grammatical stems that are not connected by a common clause or introductory word.
- The sun turned red, became huge and began to slowly set behind the forest.- The sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous predicates; we put one comma between the first and second predicates, before a single conjunction. And with homogeneous members, a comma is not placed.
- The sun turned red and became huge, it began to slowly set, and then completely disappeared behind the forest. The sentence is complex, consists of two parts, has two grammatical bases ( 1- the sun turned red and became huge; 2 – it began to set and disappeared); each part in turn is complicated by homogeneous predicates: the first comma is placed between the parts of the complex non-union proposal, the second comma separates homogeneous predicates.
Answer: 2, 4.
Second version of the task
Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
- Our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and deeds is what distinguishes us from animals.
- Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and deeds, and this distinguishes us from animals.
- A person is able to think about the consequences of his actions and decisions, and this distinguishes us from animals.
- What distinguishes us from animals is the ability to think about the consequences of our actions, actions and decisions.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- We place punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
- We place punctuation marks in sentences.
- Our ability to think about the consequences of our actions and deeds is what distinguishes us from animals.- In the first sentence, a comma is not required - between homogeneous members of “actions and deeds” there is a conjunction “and”.
- Man is able to think about the consequences of his actions and actions, and this distinguishes us from animals.- In the second sentence you need to put one comma - after the word “actions”; it will separate the grammatical stems of “a person is capable” and “it distinguishes.”
- A person is able to think about the consequences of his actions, actions, decisions, and this distinguishes us from animals.- The third sentence requires three commas. Commas are placed between homogeneous members, as well as between parts of a complex sentence.
- The ability to consider consequences is what distinguishes us from animals.- In the fourth sentence, a comma is not needed, since the sentence is simple, uncomplicated.
- What distinguishes us from animals is the ability to think about the consequences of our actions, actions and decisions.- The comma here is placed only between homogeneous members that are not connected by a union.
Answer: 2, 5.
Third version of the task
Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
- Bacteria, fungi and invertebrate animals are involved in a whole cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.
- Both bacteria and fungi and invertebrate animals are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and maintain its existence.
- Both bacteria and fungi and invertebrate animals are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and this maintains its normal existence.
Algorithm for completing the task:
- We place punctuation marks and find sentences with one comma.
- We place punctuation marks in sentences.
- Bacteria, fungi and invertebrate animals are involved in a whole cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and maintain its existence.- We place a comma here between homogeneous members not connected by the conjunction “and”. There is no need for a comma after the word “soil” because the predicates “involved” and “support” are homogeneous, connected by the conjunction “and”.
- Bacteria, fungi, and invertebrate animals are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil and support its existence.- In this case, the conjunction “and” connects several homogeneous members, so commas must be placed in front of it.
- Both bacteria and fungi, as well as invertebrate animals, are involved in the cycle of biological and chemical processes in the soil, and this maintains its normal existence.- The first comma is placed as part of the connective “both ... and ...”, and the second separates the grammatical foundations of a complex sentence.
- The normal existence of soil is maintained by biological and chemical processes involving both bacteria and fungi and invertebrate animals.- Again, a comma in “both ... and ...”.
- Biological and chemical processes with the participation of many biological components maintain the normal existence of the soil.- The fifth sentence does not require punctuation - homogeneous members “biological and chemical” are connected by the conjunction “and”.
Job source: Solution 2450. Unified State Exam 2018. Russian language. I.P. Tsybulko. 36 options.
Task 15. Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran onto the shore and crashed loudly against the stones.
2) Be silent, hide and hide your feelings and dreams.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down.
4) Childhood memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater remained in it forever.
5) In his work, M. Voloshin tried not only to comprehend Russia’s past but also to predict its future.
Solution.
In this task you need to put commas in a complex sentence or with homogeneous sentences.
1. Let’s determine the number of grammatical bases in these sentences: a simple sentence or a complex one.
1) Sparkling waves mysteriously laughed And ran up to the shore and loudly crashed about the stones. Simple.
2) Shut up and hide And thai and your feelings and dreams. Simple.
3) Vortex raged about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly poem. Simple.
4) Children's room memory turned out to be tenacious and the first meeting with the theater stayed in it forever. Complex.
5) In your creativity M. Voloshin had tried Not only comprehend Russia's past but also predict her future. Simple.
2. Determine the placement of commas in a complex sentence. Rule: a comma is placed at the boundary of parts of a complex sentence if simple sentences do not have a common minor member.
4) Children's room memory turned out to be tenacious (,) and the first meeting with the theater stayed in it forever. Complex, there is no common minor member, a comma is needed. ONE comma.
3. Let's determine the placement of commas in simple sentences. Rule: one comma is placed before the second homogeneous member in the absence of conjunctions, before a single adversative conjunction or before the second part of a complex conjunction (both ... and etc.).
1) The sparkling waves laughed mysteriously and ran onto the shore and crashed loudly against the stones. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the repeated conjunction “and” (they laughed, and ran, and crashed). TWO commas.
2) Be silent (,) hide and hide your feelings (,) and dreams. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the conjunction “and” (be silent, hide and hide). Homogeneous objects are connected by the repeated conjunction “and” (both feelings and dreams). TWO commas.
3) The whirlwind raged for about an hour or an hour and a half and then suddenly died down. Homogeneous predicates are connected by the conjunction “and” (rage and verse). NO commas.
