Early cherries. Characteristics of frost-resistant cherry variety youth

The first criterion by which the distribution occurs is the type of tree. Using this indicator, you can determine not only productivity, but also a region favorable for cultivation. Dwarf plants allow you to create an unsurpassed landscape design on your site. Adherents of familiar trees insist that hybrids do not produce the same smell when flowering as real pristine cherries.

Tree-like

The trees grow up to six meters in height. They usually have a well-developed root system. The spreading nature of the crown corresponds to the growth of the roots, so it is voluminous and branched. In some varieties, excessive tangling of branches can cause difficulty in harvesting. Tree cherries do not lose popularity in the market. Fruiting occurs on bouquet inflorescences. On shoots 40 centimeters long, group buds are formed. Some of them will bear fruit, while the rest are intended for the growth of new branches. The species is represented by the following varieties:

• Rusinka;
• Turgenevka;
• Zhukovskaya.

Cherry Pamyat Voronchikhina is also often found among representatives of this type of crop, although the height of the tree does not exceed 3-4 meters. This previously self-fertile tree has large, dark-colored fruits with unsurpassed taste. The crown is spreading and round.

Intermediate

This type is something between a bush and a tree. This is the main difference. Fruits also grow on bouquet branches. The best varieties of intermediate class cherries are Muse and Bystrinka. In the West they are often used in cherry breeding. This is necessary to reduce the growth rate of the tree. In general, the class is represented by a small number of options and does not have any special advantages over the previous type. Most felt types are also intermediate. The felt cherry completely lacks root shoots, which gives it significant advantages.

Read also: Advantages of a vigorous hybrid Shpanka cherry tree

Bush-like

These species come from a dwarf crop known as Chinese cherry. They are characterized by strong immunity developed over many years. Bush varieties are quite consistent in size with the name of the species. Externally, they look like small bushes up to two meters. The fruit has a small, sharp seed and a piquant sour taste.

But the breeders decided that they needed to improve the bush-like plants and add to them the characteristics of classic trees. The result was dwarf crops with tasty, sweet cherries of standard sizes. In bushy plants, fruits are formed on branches and long shoots. The crown practically does not grow, except for branching. The following varieties are known:

• Crimson;
• Youth
• Trinity;
• Vladimirskaya.

Trinity cherry is one of the best options. The bush has a multi-stemmed structure, and the fruits weigh at least 4.5 grams. Dark colored cherries are very sweet and juicy. Upon reaching the optimal period, they become almost black, which means they are filled with a large amount of vitamins. The culture has a good level of winter hardiness. That is why cherries for the northern regions have earned popularity in the Urals.

According to ripening period

Temperature is one of the most important indicators that determines plant productivity. Knowing what climate prevails in your region, you can choose the best varieties of cherries.

Early

The description of most representatives indicates full ripening of the fruits at the end of June. Among the early varieties, pink cherries are often found. Its flowering creates incredible beauty on the site. In addition, the fruits have a good chemical composition, optimal sugar and ascorbic acid content. Pink flowers attract the attention of others and delight the owner's eye.

• Vladimirovskaya;
• Anthracite;
• Dawn of Tataria;
• Scarlet.

These species have a good reputation and are characterized by abundant fruiting. But some representatives have low resistance to fungal diseases.

Average

One of the most prominent representatives is the Mtsensk cherry. The tree itself is no more than two meters in height with a dense, spreading oval-shaped crown. The culture bears fruit on branches and bouquet inflorescences. Such versatility relieves the owner from the constant worry of being left without a harvest, but it also requires special knowledge to properly trim the crown. Experts gave the crop a score of 3.8 points. However, the plant has more significant benefits. The fruits are juicy, dark red in color. Like most medium-sized varieties, Mtsenskaya bears harvest in mid-June-July. Lada and Ryazanochka are also popular.

Read also: Description of 9 common cherry diseases and their treatment

Late

The Tambov class of fruit trees belongs to late varieties. They bear fruit abundantly, the branches are strewn with inflorescences, from which large and juicy delicacies then grow. The fruits can be collected in August. The most common late varieties:

• Lyubskaya;
• Tamaris;
• Erudite;
• Toy.

In fact, there is a very fine line between mid-season and late-season species. In one region, weather conditions may be so favorable that fruits ripen earlier than expected. Fertile soil also plays an important role. It accelerates or, on the contrary, slows down growth.

Fruiting

As you know, one of the criteria for selecting a seedling is its ability to pollinate itself. When developing new hybrids, breeders often sacrificed this rule. As a result, crops were divided into self-fertile and self-sterile. Among them there are dessert and table varieties with excellent taste.

Self-fertile

There are many varieties of self-fertile species. All of them require neither human help nor insects to pollinate themselves. The anther and pollen are at the same level, allowing the genetic material to merge through the wind. Cherry Rastorguevskaya belongs to the early ones. It is characteristic that these types have reduced bark resistance to frost. But they quickly recover from the attack of low temperatures. Trees can be propagated using the stem method. Known varieties of this group:

• Lada;
• Chocolate girl;
• Dessert Volzhskaya;
• Nord Star.

It is known that only 40% of all flowering is destined to bear fruit. This is a fairly high figure compared to self-sterile cherries.

Self-sterile

This type has firmly established itself in the modern market. Despite the difference in yield, self-sterile cherries give good results in black soil. Experienced gardeners choose the following varieties:

• Timiryazevsky;
• Griot Moscow;
• Muse;
• Gnome.

Video “Rules for caring for cherries”

From this video you will learn how to properly care for a cherry tree.

Have questions and need answers? Ask a question to a specialist

oferme.ru

Types and varieties of cherries

Let's consider the characteristics of cherry species that may be of interest to Russian-speaking gardeners.

Botanical species

It is most widespread as a stone fruit crop in gardens. Within this species, there are both ordinary varieties used for producing fruits and decorative forms. For example, spherical, terry, Rex, peach, willow, and some others. Common fruit varieties come in both tree and shrub varieties. Trees can reach a height of 10 meters.

Tree flowers are usually white, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Features of the species are rapid growth, shade tolerance, frost resistance, drought resistance, and the formation of a large number of root shoots.

Felt cherry

It has a dense, ovoid-shaped crown. The branches have light bark. The species is represented by trees and shrubs reaching a height of 2-3 meters. This type can be used in the formation of decorative compositions and urban landscaping.

The advantages are higher winter hardiness, greater resistance to proximity to groundwater, and increased soil acidity than ordinary cherries. She begins bearing fruit at the age of 3-4 years.

Disadvantages: fragility - lives up to 10 years and attractive to mice.

Bush or steppe cherry

It grows as a low-growing bush, less than 2 meters in height. Blooms within 7-12 days. It produces juicy fruits, the color of which varies from yellow to dark cherry color, close to black.

Advantages: high winter hardiness, drought resistance, blooms early, abundantly, bears colorful fruit. This type also has decorative forms: weeping, variegated.

Ferruginous cherry

It grows like a shrub, reaching a height of 1.5 m. The arching branches of the tent create the impression of a tent. Characteristics of this species include flowers up to 2 cm in diameter and light pink in color.

Bird cherry or sweet cherry

It is a tree reaching a height of 20-35 meters. Used by gardeners as a fruit and ornamental plant. In addition to the usual fruit varieties, bird cherries have decorative forms: willow-leaved, terry, low, fern-leaved, variegated, pyramidal, weeping.

Advantages. Fast growth, shade tolerance, durability.

Flaw. High demands on soil fertility.

Hill cherry

A representative of this species is the Vladimirskaya variety, which has become widespread.

Species should be distinguished by the height of the tree, the diameter and color of the flowers, the duration of flowering, the shape and length of the leaves, and the color of the bark.

Dwarf or sand cherry

It grows as a shrub, the height of which is usually up to 1-1.5 m. It has been used in cultivation since 1756 in gardens and parks; mainly as a decorative element of gardens and parks, as well as for strengthening slopes. In particular for inclusion in hedges and for growing in single or group plantings.

Kuril cherry

Grows like a bush. The height of the bush is 1.5-3.9 m. The flowers are pinkish, 1.5 to 3 cm in diameter, appear at the end of May, sometimes earlier than the leaves. The leaves are oval-shaped, serrated at the edges. The fruits are small with a bitter taste.

It is characterized by high winter hardiness, but poor rooting of cuttings. Can be used for urban greening.

Life forms of cherry

Existing species and varieties of cherries can grow both in the form of trees and in the form of shrubs. Therefore, such a concept as a stem cherry is not scientific, and this word should be understood as tree-like varieties and types of cherries. In particular, the tree-like species include Zhukovskaya, Podbelskaya, Griot Moskovsky, Turgenevka, and Amorel rosea.

New varieties of cherries

Gift for teachers

Early ripening, represented by medium-sized trees reaching a height of 3 meters, the wood and flower buds of which have high winter hardiness. Characterized by resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis. The fruits are dark red, weighing 4 g.

Banquet room

An early cherry variety whose trees bloom in the middle period. Fruit weight up to 3.6 g.

In addition to these varieties of cherries, Oryol varieties can be named as new ones: In Memory of Mashkin, Trofimovskaya, Proshchalnaya, Novella. These varieties are considered partially self-fertile. For good fruit set, the following pollinators are recommended: Shokoladnitsa, Vladimirskaya, Griot Ostheimsky. In addition to them, such varieties as Muza, Konkurentka, Orlitsa, Livenskaya, Mtsenskaya are considered new.

What varieties are there - Classification

In cherries, like other fruit trees, varieties can be grouped according to several criteria. Let's look at them in order. According to the timing of ripening, they are divided into early, middle and late.

According to their life form, they are classified into bushy and tree-like.

Based on the ability to set fruits from their own pollen, they are divided into self-fertile, partially self-fertile and practically self-sterile.

There is also a classification based on the early maturity and quality of the fruit.

Early fruiting means the age at which a fruit plant begins to bear fruit. Cherry plantings that begin to bear fruit 2-3 years after planting are considered early fruiting. These include Lyubskaya, Fertile Michurina, Voleka, Ideal and others.

In addition to early fruiting varieties, there are varieties with average early fruiting. These include Vladimirskaya, Rastunya, Beauty of the North, Zakharovskaya.

There are also late-fruiting varieties that begin to bear fruit at the age of more than 6 years (Kentskaya, Amorel Kozlovskaya, Shpanka Kurskaya, Sklyanka and others.

According to taste, fruits are divided into 3 groups:

• Desserts, the fruits of which are considered excellent in taste: Vladimirskaya, Black consumer goods, Kentskaya, English early;
• Table fruits - the fruits of which are considered good in taste: Anadolskaya, Beauty of the North;
• Technical - the fruits of which are intended mainly for processing into jam, wine or others. These include: Antonovka Kostychevskaya, Lyubskaya, Korostypskaya.

Despite the fact that common cherry, bird cherry and felt cherry have become widespread as a fruit crop, in some regions it is worth considering many other species discussed above. But taking into account the climate in your area. That is, you make garden cherries yourself, choosing one or another variety and type to grow in your garden!

Combination of cherry varieties for good pollination

Cherry, like other fruit crops, is a cross-pollinated crop. That is, to get a good harvest, it is important to have different varieties of cherry plants nearby. Moreover, as mentioned above, the degree of self-fertility varies among different varieties. However, if for practically self-fertile varieties the presence of a pollinator is simply desirable, then for a self-fertile variety it is simply mandatory. Let's look at what varieties are required to pollinate some varieties of cherries.

This is not an exhaustive list, since listing them all would mean duplicating other people's articles, so the table above is provided for example and general information only.

How to determine the variety of cherry

This can only be determined by comparing the desired variety with the existing or existing varieties on the day of planting. That is, appearance alone is usually not enough.

The fact is that some common characteristics of a variety, for example, the size of fruits and their color, depend not only on the variety, but also on growing conditions, including weather conditions, the level of soil fertility, and the degree of illumination. In other words, the level of compliance of certain characteristics of a variety may depend on how suitable the above conditions are for a particular variety. To determine the variety, it is important to know the growth rate of bushes or trees, the period of their flowering and fruiting.

Sweet

Contrary to the popular belief that cherries can only be sour, they still exist with sweet fruits. These include Volochaevka, Zhivitsa, Tamaris, Shokoladnitsa, Shpanka. The latter is a hybrid of cherry and sweet cherry.

Cherry trees

The trunk is usually called the part of a tree trunk from the root collar to the lower skeletal branch. That is, this term is applicable only to tree varieties of cherries. Depending on the style of crown formation, the trunks can be either low (30-50 cm) or high - 60 cm and above. Of these, the low-standard crown shape is more convenient from the point of view of tree care.

In conclusion, it can be noted that usually 2-3 types of cherries are used in gardens. At the same time, there are still quite a few species that can be grown at least as ornamental and sometimes fruit shrubs. Readers can be encouraged to experiment with less common species and varieties of cherries, growing them as ornamental or as fruit bushes or trees.

Alexander Zharavin, scientist - agronomist

sadovodya.ru

Main varieties of cherries

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Common cherry: photos and descriptions of common cherry varieties, their advantages and disadvantages

There is a popular belief that even if a lot of snow has fallen, it will still melt until all the leaves have fallen from the cherry trees.

Cherry is a stone fruit crop; its fruits are valuable both for fresh consumption and for various types of technical processing. They contain not only sugars and organic acids, but also biologically active substances - vitamins C, P, B2, B9, coumarins, iron and others, which prevent many diseases.

Tree or shrub, reaches up to 9-10 m in height. The leaves are petiolate, broadly elliptical, pointed, dark green above, lighter below.

As you can see in the photo, the common cherry has white flowers, collected in umbels of 2-3 flowers:

There are five sepals and petals, 15-20 stamens, one pistil. The fruit is a sweet and sour, spherical drupe, up to 1 cm in diameter.

Found only in cultivation, not found in the wild.

Below is a description of the most popular varieties of common cherries.

Description of cherry varieties Amorel pink and Annushka

The Amorel pink cherry variety is a medium-sized tree, 2.5-3 m high, in the southern regions it grows up to 3.5 m, with a sparse, rounded, spreading crown with age. The skeletal branches are ash-gray in color, extend from the trunk at an acute angle, and are rough. The shoots are slightly curved, thin and flexible, brown with a silvery coating. Vegetative buds are oval-cone-shaped, deviated from the shoot, generative buds are round-oval. The leaves of the Amorel pink cherry are from elongated-oval to narrowly obovate, medium in size, dark green, dense, with slightly wavy edges and bi-obtuse serration, a sharp apex and an elongated base.

There are an average of 4 flowers in one inflorescence; they are small, saucer-shaped, with broadly oval petals that have an oval base and a slightly bifurcated apex. The stigma of the pistil is located above the anthers, the calyx is narrowly goblet-shaped, green, with anthocyanin pigment, the pedicel is up to 21 cm, with weak anthocyanin pigmentation.

The fruiting pattern is mixed, mainly on bouquet branches.

The fruits are medium-sized, flat-rounded, with a rounded top and a wide, shallow funnel, the ventral seam is faintly noticeable. The skin of the Amorel cherry is light red, the flesh is creamy-pinkish, tender, juicy, fibrous, sweet and sour taste, in an unripe state with astringency, the juice is uncolored. The fruit seed is light cream, round, with a smooth surface, rounded base and apex, semi-separable. The fruits are intended for fresh consumption and are not easily transportable.

It begins to bear fruit 4-5 years after grafting. Flowering is early, ripening is early – early-mid. The harvest in the crown is distributed evenly. The variety is self-sterile. Winter hardiness is satisfactory; the wood of the branches is not seriously damaged in frosty winters.

Plants are affected by coccomycosis in rare cases; lesions by the cherry mucous sawfly are very rare. Subject to massive bird attacks. To preserve the harvest, it is necessary to cover the plants with nets. Suitable for amateur gardening.

Advantages: early fruit ripening.

Disadvantages - low transportability of fruits.

Cherry variety Annushka is a winter-hardy tree, medium-sized, with a spreading crown. Fruits on annual growth and bouquet branches.

The fruits are large, round in shape. The skin is shiny, from bright red to dark red in color. The pulp is red, juicy, pleasantly sweet and sour. The juice is intensely colored. The peduncle is short, of medium thickness. Separation of the fruit from the stalk is dry. The bone is large. Transportability is good. Universal purpose.

Early ripening period, removable maturity occurs in the third ten days of June - the first half of July. Self-fertile. Beginning of fruiting in the 3-4th year of growth. Productivity is high, annual. Self-fertility is good, but bears fruit better when planted together with cherries. When describing the Annushka cherry variety, it is especially worth noting the high winter hardiness of the tree and flower buds, and resistance to coccomycosis.

The Anthracite cherry variety is a low-growing tree, up to 2 m high. The crown is spreading, raised, of medium density. The bud is cone-shaped and closely pressed to the shoot. The leaf is obovate, dark green. The apex is sharply pointed, the base is rounded, the jagged edge is bluntly serrated. The surface of the leaf blade is smooth, shiny, curved upward. The glands are located at the base of the leaf blade. The petiole is pigmented along its entire length. The calyx of the Anthracite cherry variety is described as similar to a narrow glass, the serration of the sepals is weak. Fruits on last year's growth and on bouquet branches.

The fruits are large, wide-heart-shaped. The fruit funnel is wide, the apex is rounded. The fruits are almost black. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, the juice is dark red. The stone is round, yellow in color, the top is rounded, and it separates well from the pulp.

Flowering in the middle period (May 14-20). Medium ripening (July 16-23). It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. The variety is partially self-fertile. It is characterized by high winter hardiness.

Anthracite cherry is a universal variety.

Advantages - good yield, high commercial quality of fruits for universal use.

Disadvantages - incomplete resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Common cherry Youth - a tree or bush of average or below average height, the crown is rounded, slightly drooping. The leaves are medium-sized, bright green, the edges of the leaf blade are crenate. Fruits on last year's growth and bouquet branches.

The fruits are large, oval, dark burgundy, suitable for fresh consumption and all types of processing (jams, preserves, marshmallows, compotes). The taste is sweet and sour, dessert, the fruit pulp is dense and juicy. The juice is dark red, the stone is medium-sized, easily separated from the pulp.

Productivity is high, the variety is early-bearing with annual fruiting, self-fertile. Winter hardiness is above average. Resistance to the most dangerous fungal diseases (moniliosis and coccomycosis) is average.

Cherry varieties Brunette and Crimson

Cherry variety Brunette is a high-yielding variety of medium ripening. The trees are medium-sized - about 2-2.5 m, the crown is spherical, spreading, of medium density. The leaves are medium-sized, dark green, the edges of the leaf blade are crenate.

The fruits are medium-sized, round, slightly flattened, dark burgundy, almost black, ripen on July 20-25, suitable for fresh consumption and for all types of processing. The taste of the Brunette cherry is sweet and sour, dessert, the flesh is tender, juicy, the juice is dark red, the stone is small, oval, easily separated from the pulp.

The variety is early-bearing, with annual fruiting, self-fertile, bears fruit on last year's growths and bouquet branches. Winter hardiness is good, flower bud stability is average. Resistance to the most dangerous fungal diseases is average.

The Bagryannaya cherry variety is a tree below average height, up to 2 meters, with a rounded dense crown. The leaves are medium sized, elongated oval, dark green with a slight gloss, the edge of the leaf is serrate-crenenate. Fruits on annual growth and bouquet branches.

The fruits are above average size, round, dark red, suitable for fresh consumption and various types of technical processing. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, refreshing, the flesh is medium dense, dark red, juicy. The juice of the Crimson cherry is red, the stone is small, round-oval, difficult to separate from the pulp.

The variety is early-fruiting, self-sterile. Winter hardiness of flower buds and perennial branches is average. Resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis is average.

One of the few early ripening varieties.

Cherry varieties Bystrinka and Pamyati Enikeev

Cherry variety Bystrinka is a low-growing tree. The crown is spherical, raised, of medium density. The shoots are medium-sized, straight, brownish-brown, glabrous. Lentils are few, medium-sized, yellow. The bud is oval, medium-sized, strongly deviated from the shoot. Bystrinka cherry leaf, obovate, green. The apex is blunt-pointed, the base is rounded, the serration of the edge of the leaf is serrate-crenate. The surface of the leaf blade is matte, slightly wrinkled, and curved downwards.

The fruits are medium in weight, oval in shape. The fruit funnel is medium, the apex is rounded. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, the juice is dark red. The stone is oval, yellow in color, the top is round, the base is round, it separates well from the pulp.

The fruits have an attractive appearance, the pulp is tender, sweet and sour, and has good taste.

Flowering in the middle period (May 15-18). Medium ripening (July 8-15). It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Partially self-fertile. The average yield is 83.2 c/ha, maximum 99.9 c/ha. The separation of the fruit from the stalk is good. The winter hardiness of the tree is average, the flower buds are high. It is affected moderately by coccomycosis, and severely affected by moniliosis.

Cherry variety Pamyati Enikeev is a medium-sized tree with a round-oval crown of medium density. The foliage of the crown is average. The color of the bark of the trunk is dark gray. The surface of the bark of the trunk has longitudinal cracks. The direction of shoot growth is vertical. The color of the bark is light brown. The number of lentils is very small. The bud is slightly deviated in relation to the shoot.

The petals are white, broadly oval, freely arranged, slightly corrugated. The stamens are short and numerous. The pestle is short. The cup is goblet-shaped. The peduncle is long. There are bracts. Fruits mainly on bouquet branches.

The fruit of the Pamyat Enikeev cherry is broad-hearted. The main color of the skin is dark red. The fruit pulp is dark red, medium density, the juice is red. The peduncle is long, of medium thickness. Stipules are absent. The bone is oval, long, medium width, small thickness. The fruits are large, sweet and sour, dessert taste, universal purpose, the separation of the stalk from the fruit is semi-dry.

The trees begin to bear fruit early (3-4 years). The fruits ripen together. The variety is self-fertile. Productivity is high. The tree, shoots and flower buds are moderately sensitive to frost, flowers - to spring frosts. Drought and heat resistance are average. Resistance to coccomycosis is average.

Cherry varieties in memory of Vavilov and memory of Sakharov

Cherry variety Pamyati Vavilova is a vigorous tree with a wide-pyramidal crown of medium density and foliage. The shoots are greenish-brown, medium thick, curved, with long internodes. The flowers are large, white, with slightly wavy edges.

The fruits are large, one-dimensional, the shape of the fruit is round, the top and base are round, the funnel is small. The outer color is burgundy, the pulp and juice are dark red. The consistency of the pulp is delicate. The peduncle is long, of medium thickness. The stone is quite large, round-oval in shape, and easily separated from the pulp. The color of the Memory Vavilov cherry is light brown, the shape of the top is oval, the base is rounded. The fruit pulp has good taste. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and for technological processing.

Flowering dates are early. Trees begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting in the garden. The fruits ripen at the same time.

Cherry variety Pamyati Sakharov is a medium-sized tree - a pyramidal crown of medium density, strong foliage. Shoot with very strong silver color, buds of medium size, vegetative cone-shaped, generative ovoid, strongly deviated in relation to the shoot. The type of flowering and fruiting in the common cherry of this variety is mainly on bouquet branches.

The appearance of the fruit is good, the juiciness of the pulp is average, the taste is excellent, sweet.

Flowering period - 2-3 decades of May, ripening in the middle, simultaneous. The age of fruiting is average - 3 years after planting, plant lifespan is 20 years. The variety is partially self-fertile. The tree and shoots are resistant to winter frosts; Generative buds are moderately resistant to winter frosts and flowers are moderately resistant to spring frosts. The variety is resistant to gum disease (gommosis).

Cherry Garland and Gnome

Garland cherry variety is a low- or medium-growing tree, the height in adulthood does not exceed 3-4 meters; The crown is round, of medium density, with good foliage, the branches extend almost at right angles. The bark on the trunk is gray with a cherry sheen; in old trees it is black-gray, slightly flaky, slightly rough.

The flowers are large, white, the petals are round, concave, corrugated at the base, closed or almost closed. Flowering occurs late, the variety is self-fertile.

The fruits are large, the shape is from heart-shaped to round-conical with a narrowing towards the apex, the fruits have clearly defined edges, the sides are moderately flattened, the funnel is wide and shallow, the top of the fruit is flat, with a small shallow funnel, the color of the skin is dark red. The pulp is bright red, with small light veins, fleshy, tender, the juice is light red. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant.

This variety often has twin fruits: there are two fruits on one stalk, which is due to the presence of two pistils in individual flowers.

The fruits ripen in the early-mid period. The tree's winter hardiness is good.

Cherry variety Gnome is a low-growing bush with a spreading, drooping crown of medium density. The bark of the trunk is brown and smooth. The shoots grow to the side, straight, sometimes slightly curved, gray. The number of lentils is average. Petals are white, elliptical.

The fruits are medium round, slightly compressed at the seam side, red. The pulp is sweet and sour, with a completely satisfactory taste.

Flowering later - May 30 - June 8. Ripening later - second ten days of August, non-simultaneous. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year. Winter hardiness of wood and buds is high. The flowers are resistant to spring frosts; thanks to late flowering, the variety is more likely to avoid frost. Drought resistant. Susceptible to coccomycosis and moniliosis. Resistant to pests. Fruiting, due to self-fertility, is annual and good.

Description of Krasnodar sweet and Tamaris cherry varieties

The Krasnodar sweet cherry variety is a medium-sized tree, the crown is flat-rounded, slightly drooping, and of medium density. The flowers are collected in inflorescences of 3-4, of medium size, the corolla is saucer-shaped, the petals are white, broadly obovate, arranged freely, the stamens are long and short, the pistil is long, located both above and below the anthers, the calyx is goblet-shaped, the sepals are not serrated, with anthocyanin.

It is distinguished by a mixed type of fruiting, which is concentrated on bouquet branches and annual growths.

The fruits are medium in size, round in shape with a rounded top, base with a depression, dark red, with pink flesh and dark pink juice. The pulp is medium dense, with a very pleasant dessert taste. The purpose of the variety is universal, having a pleasant taste of fresh fruits, it is also suitable for various types of processing (compotes, jam, juices).

The variety belongs to the group of very early ripening and medium flowering. It begins bearing fruit in the 5th year and is partially self-fertile. It is one of the regularly fruiting varieties; the yield is good (more than 9.0 t/ha). The variety exhibits average winter hardiness. When describing the Krasnodar sweet cherry variety, it is especially worth noting its drought resistance. Moderately resistant to fungal diseases.

Cherry Tamaris is a low-growing tree with a wide-round, raised, sparse crown. Fruiting on bouquet branches, spur type.

The flowers are medium-sized, white, pink-shaped. The petal shape is round. Flowering period is late. The stigma of the pistil is higher than the stamens.

The fruits are large, with a flat-rounded top, with a medium depression at the base of the fruit and a shallow ventral suture. The peduncle is medium, of medium thickness, there is a separating layer between the fruit and the peduncle. The fruits are dark red with a small number of small integumentary edema on the skin. The bone is large and round. The fruit pulp is dark red, with purple juice, medium density, delicate consistency, very juicy. The taste is sweet and sour with high sweetness and medium acidity.

Late ripening fruits - in the last ten days of July, early August. Transportability is average.

The variety is highly self-fertile, but the yield increases when planted together with the varieties Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka, Lyubskaya. The tree is highly winter-hardy and moderately drought-resistant. Propagated by budding on seedlings of cultivated cherry varieties.

Cherry varieties Turgenevka and Shalunya

The Turgenevka cherry variety is a tree about 3 m high, tree-like, with a reverse pyramidal raised crown of medium density. The shoots are medium-sized, straight, brownish-brown. The bark on the trunk and main branches is grayish-brown. Fruits on bouquet branches.

The fruits are large, wide-heart-shaped. The fruit funnel is medium, the apex is rounded. The fruits are dark red. The pulp is dark red, juicy, dense, the juice is dark red. The bone separates from the pulp well.

Flowering in the middle period (May 12-15). Fruit ripening is average (July 5-15). It begins to bear fruit in the 5th year. Partially self-fertile. Productivity is average. The winter hardiness of the tree is high, the flower buds are average. Average resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis.

Shalunya cherry variety is a medium-sized tree, fast-growing, with a spreading crown of medium density. The bark on the trunk is flaky, gray-brown. The shoots are medium thick, straight, brownish-brown. Numerous gray lentils. The leaves are medium-sized, obovate, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, shiny. The leaf blade is concave and bent downward. The edge of the leaf is finely serrated. Stipules are short, strongly dissected, early falling. The petiole is short, thick, pigmented. The glands are medium-sized, round, colored. Fruits on bouquet branches and annual growth.

The fruits of the Shalunya cherry are large, one-dimensional, flat-rounded, with a rounded top, the base has a depression, the pit is small, wide, the ventral suture is small and inconspicuous. The color of the fruit is dark red, almost black. Subcutaneous points are inconspicuous. The skin is dense and can be easily removed from the fruit. The pulp is dark red, tender, juicy. The cavity is the same color as the pulp. The juice is dark red. The stone is small, round, free. The taste is sweet and sour, refreshing.

The variety is self-sterile. It begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting in the garden and quickly increases its yield. The variety is resistant to moniliosis and coccomycosis, winter-hardy and drought-resistant.

Cherry varieties Obilnaya, Shubinka and Oka Rubin

Cherry variety Obilnaya is a dwarf bush; the crown is rounded, dense, foliage is strong; leaf narrow, oval, dark green; without anthocyanin, the apex is strongly pointed, the base is sharp, the serration of the edge is finely bifid, the surface of the plate is shiny. The flowers are very small, the petals are freely arranged, white, the stigma of the pistil is located higher relative to the anthers. Mixed type of flowering and fruiting.

The appearance of the fruit is satisfactory, the juiciness of the pulp is average, the taste is mediocre, sour.

Cherry variety Shubinka is a vigorous tree. The crown is broadly pyramidal, weeping with age, and of medium density. Fruiting occurs mainly on annual growths.

The fruits are small, flat-round in shape. The ventral suture is clearly visible. The skin is dark red, thin, shiny. The funnel is small. The peduncle is long and thin. The pulp is dark red, medium density, juicy, somewhat loose. The taste is mediocre, sour. The stone is medium size, round in shape.

The winter hardiness of the Shubinka cherry is high, and the resistance to coccomycosis is average.

The advantages of the variety are high winter hardiness.

Cherry variety Oka Ruby is a tree 2.5 m tall at 8 years of age. The crown is spherical, drooping, and of medium density. Fruiting on bouquet branches and fruit twigs.

The fruits are uniform and medium. The color of the fruit is dark red, the flesh is also dark red, juicy. Outwardly attractive, the juice is dark red, sweet and sour.

A universal-purpose variety, suitable for fresh consumption, freezing and various types of processing - juices, compotes, jam.

The variety is self-fertile, high-yielding, with annual fruiting. It begins to bear fruit early - 2-3 years. Ripens in the 3rd decade of July. High winter hardiness, resistant to spring frosts.

Today it is quite easy to select good varieties of cherries - many modern cherries do not need to select pollinators, whereas in the past this was a problem. We present a convenient table for selecting cherries, which accumulates data on old and new varieties with photos, names and descriptions.

Popular cherry varieties: photo, name and description

The first mention of cherries dates back to the 4th century BC. Theophastus, a Greek naturalist and one of the fathers of botany, described in his work “Cerasus” (cherries and sweet cherries). A more precise delineation of stone fruits was given in a botanical work of 1491 called Herbarius. The love for this berry is inherent in us at the genetic level. The first cherry trees were brought to the territory of Russia in the middle of the 14th century, and by the beginning of the 15th century, cherries gained fame as a cult tree.

Cherry (Prunus cerasus) has become popular for a reason; its fruits contain a rich vitamin complex and many other useful substances. The fruits are used fresh, dried, frozen, boiled and canned. Foliage, stalks, bark, roots and small branches are in demand in cooking and folk medicine.

Cherry is a bush or tree up to 7 m tall, with pointed, elliptical leaves, white, fragrant flowers. The size of the fruit depends on the variety, the flowering and ripening period is also different. The taste of the berries is mainly sweet and sour. Cherry, among all stone fruit trees, has the greatest winter hardiness. It bears fruit mainly on last year's growths.

The common cherry (Cerasus vulgaris) is more common in our gardens; it loves sunny, sheltered from the cold wind, elevated areas. Grows well on light, cultivated, fertile, well-permeable, neutral soils with a groundwater level no higher than 2 m. The table suggests varieties grouped by ripening time:

Cherry varieties, photo	Description	Pollinators
Cherry varieties with early and mid-early period of fruit ripening
Garland	The tree is not tall with a relatively dense crown of a rounded shape. Winter hardiness is good; Berries of average transportability, rich red color with pleasant-tasting pulp. A large number of twin fetuses; Yield variety	Self-fertile
Griot Moscow	Medium-sized cherry with a wide, dense, rounded crown. Tolerates low temperatures moderately; Rich dark red berries of medium size with medium-dense, very juicy pulp	Vladimirskaya and pink bottle
Griot Ostheimsky (Ostheimskaya, Shpanka Black)*	Medium-sized cherry. The crown is dense and spreading. The frost resistance of the variety is average, drought resistance is high; An ancient Spanish variety with dark red berries. The flesh is tender. Taste qualities are highly rated. Easily detachable bone; Average yield - 18 kg per tree or more	Lyubskaya, Rastunya, Anadolskaya, English Early, Vladimirskaya, Podbelsky, Tambovchanka and Shubinka. Many varieties of cherries
	Medium tree height, medium-dense, rounded crown. Immunity to frost is good; The berries are dark red with medium-dense, juicy pulp, pleasant to the taste; Good yield	Seedling No. 1, Novodvorskaya, Vyanok and many varieties of cherries
	The tree is not tall, the crown is medium leafy, slightly raised, pyramidal. Resistance to frosty winters is good; The fruits are medium-sized, dark red skin and pulp. Medium-dense cherry with good taste, medium pit, easily separated; Productivity at a high level	In memory of Vavilov, Novodvorskaya, Seyanets No. 1 and Vyanok, as well as such cherry varieties as Narodnaya, Zhurba and Syubarovskaya
	Tall cherry with a spherical crown. Insufficiently winter-hardy variety with good drought resistance; The berries are large in size, juicy red. The pulp is very watery and tender. Medium, free bone; Medium-yielding variety	Minx and Samsonovka. Cherries Valery Chkalov, Large-fruited and Franz Joseph
In memory of Vavilov	Tall cherry with a pyramidal, not very dense crown. Tolerates frosts well; The taste of the fruit is highly rated; the berries are large with dark skin and tender pulp. The bone is not small, it separates very well; Productivity is good	Turgenevka and Rovesnitsa
Podbelsky (Kokhova, Minister Podbelsky, Podbelskaya)	A tall cherry tree with a beautiful, abundantly leafy crown, changing with the age of the tree, from round to flat-round. Low frost resistance, recommended for southern regions; The berries are rich, large with fibrous and tender pulp, pleasant to the taste. The stone is relatively small; Good yield (up to 110 kg/tree), but increases yield slowly	English Early, May Duke, Griot Ostheimsky, Lotovaya and Anadolskaya, as well as some
	A medium-sized and fast-growing tree with a spreading, not particularly dense crown. Resistance to frost and drought at a high level; Almost black, large cherries with juicy and tender pulp, the taste is refreshing. The stone is free, very small;	Chernokorka, Samsonovka and Vinka cherries
Star (Star)	The tree is medium-sized with a slightly thickened crown of a pyramidal shape. Tolerates severe frosts well; Spectacular red fruits with delicate pulp and small, easily separated seeds; High yield	Partially self-fertile
Rossoshanskaya black	The cherry is medium in height; the crown can be pyramidal or stack-shaped. With age, the tree's skeletal branches become significantly exposed. Winter hardiness is excellent, especially in the south of the Central Black Earth Region; The berries are almost black with fleshy and dense tasty pulp. The stone is medium, separated along with the pulp. Transportability of fruits at a high level	Partially self-fertile
Saratov baby	A medium-sized and fast-growing tree, the crown is slightly spreading and rounded. Frost resistance at a high level; The fruits are suitable for long-term transportation. The weight of the berry does not exceed 5 g, the color of the skin and pulp is deep red, the seed is medium-sized, separated without pulp; Medium yield variety	No information
Kent (May, Black Morel, Skorospelka)	Trees up to 3.6 m high with a dense oval crown; The fruits are round, medium size (3.8 g), dark red with a cherry aroma. The stone is small, detachable; The average yield is 15-17 kg/tree, but with a lack of moisture, the yield drops sharply and the condition of the tree deteriorates	Self-fertile
Large spanka (Local cherry)	Cherry-cherry hybrid of folk selection with a vigorous, spherical, spreading crown. Trees are self-rooted, sprouting, frost- and drought-resistant; The fruits are medium-sized, light red, very juicy, sweet and sour. The stone is small and easily separated from the pulp; Regular abundant fruiting from 3-4 years after planting, yield - up to 60 kg / tree	Self-fertile
Mid-season cherry varieties
Brunette	A medium-sized tree with a spreading spherical crown. Average frost resistance; The cherries are round, medium in size, slightly flattened. The color of the skin is burgundy and dark. Very tender pulp, small stone, easily separated; Productivity is high	Self-fertile
Bulatnikovskaya	A low cherry with a raised, medium-thick crown. Resistance to low temperatures at an average level; Dark berries with sweet, sour, medium-dense pulp. Very small, easily separated bone	Self-fertile
Volochaevka (Volochaevskaya)	Medium-sized variety, round crown. Resistance to harsh winters is average; Dark red cherries with medium-density pulp with a dessert taste. The stone is medium in size and comes off easily; High-yielding variety	Self-fertile
	Tall cherry with a pyramidal crown. Winter hardiness is excellent; Dark, rich fruits with very juicy pulp of pleasant taste. Medium-sized, easily detachable bone; The variety brings abundant harvests	Self-fertile
Lebedyanskaya	A fast-growing tree of medium height, a medium-dense, pyramidal crown. A variety with excellent immunity to frost and drought; Dark red, rich, medium-sized berries with soft, juicy, sweet pulp, with a slight sourness. The bone is not large and can be easily separated; Transportability is at an average level	Self-fertile, for a bountiful harvest Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka, Morozovka and Vladimirskaya are suitable as pollinators
Youth	The variety can be bushy or tree-like, of medium height with a drooping, rounded crown. Frost resistance is good; Dark, burgundy, large cherries. The pulp is very dense, juicy with a pleasant taste. The bone is small and easily detachable. Fruiting is abundant	Self-fertile
	Low trees with a dense, neat crown. The buds are winter-hardy; The berries are dark, cherry color. The small stone is easily separated from the juicy and tender pulp; Fruit transportability is good	Self-fertile
Turgenevka (Turgenevskaya)	The tree is of medium size, the crown is slightly raised, medium dense, reverse pyramidal. The kidneys' resistance to sub-zero temperatures is average; The cherries are dark red, the flesh is dense and juicy	Self-fertile
Farmer	A low cherry tree with a dense pyramidal, sometimes broom-shaped crown. A variety with good winter hardiness; Cherry-colored, dark berries. The taste is pleasant with a slight sourness. Quite a large bone that is difficult to separate. The pulp is dense; Transportability is excellent	Self-fertile
Anthracite	A low tree with a spreading crown of medium density, tolerates winter frosts well; Fruits up to 5 g are almost black with tasty, very juicy and tender dark red pulp. The pit comes off easily; The variety brings a bountiful harvest	Partially self-fertile
Bystrinka	A low tree with a raised ball-like crown. Moderately frost-resistant variety; The berries are oval-shaped, medium in size, the skin color is dark red. The pulp is medium dense, juicy. The stone is medium, easily separated; Productivity is average	Partially self-fertile
	Bush cherry with a spreading, medium-sized spherical crown; The berries are dark, round, and quite large. The pulp is juicy and has good taste. The bone comes off well	Partially self-fertile
	The tree is medium in size, the crown is raised, spreading, rounded. A variety with average winter hardiness; The fruits are large, almost black. The pulp is juicy. The bone is easily detachable. Productivity is average	Partially self-fertile
Lyubskaya (Lyubka)	Tree-like cherry, the crown is quite sparse with a wide-round drooping crown 3-3.5 m high. Resistance to sub-zero temperatures is average; The cherries are dark red in color, large (up to 5 g). The pulp is sour, juicy. The pit comes off easily; There is a tendency to bud mutations that differ in all characteristics (late Lyubskaya, productive, bouquet, etc.). Productivity - up to 57 kg / tree, begins to bear fruit early - for 2-3 years	Self-fertile, best yield when grown together with varieties such as Anadolskaya, Vladimirskaya, Zhukovskaya, Lotovaya, Fertile Michurina and Shpanka early
Vladimirskaya (Roditelevskaya cherry, Vyaznikovskaya, Dobroselskaya, Gorbatovskaya, Izbyletskaya)	A bushy variety with a rounded crown, which becomes spreading and weeping with age. Low temperature resistance is good; The fruits are different in size, the skin is almost black. The pulp is very tasty, juicy and dense. The bone comes off easily Grafted trees begin to bear fruit from the 5th year, self-rooted trees - later. The average yield of a young bush is 9-10 kg	Amorel pink, Vasilyevskaya, Griot Moscow, Lotovaya and Lyubskaya. And also Fertile Michurina, Rastunya, Turgenevka and Black consumer goods
Morozovka	A medium-height tree with a wide, raised crown. Resistance to sub-zero temperatures and drought at a high level; The cherries are large, round in shape, the color of the skin is dark red. The medium-sized bone is easily separated from the dense and juicy pulp. The taste is sweet with slight sourness	Griot Michurinsky, Lebedyanskaya and Zhukovskaya
	A tall variety with a wide-pyramidal, densely leafy crown. Large berries of dark red color with medium-dense pulp. The fruits have a pleasant sweet taste with barely noticeable sourness. The stone is medium, separated with pulp	Kent, Black Large and Lada
	Medium-sized cherry with a rounded, slightly dense crown. The variety has good winter hardiness; The fruits are very tasty, medium in size. The bone comes off well	Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya and Turgenevka
Kharitonovskaya	Medium-sized variety with a rounded crown; The cherries are dense and large, one-dimensional, the color of the skin is dark red. The pulp is tender, of good taste. Medium sized bone, free	Zhukovskaya and Vladimirskaya
Zhukovskaya	A medium-sized variety with a slightly spreading, rounded crown. Winter hardiness is average; The berries are large, dark red in color with dense, juicy and very tasty pulp. The pit comes off easily; Productivity is good 16-30 kg/tree	Self-sterile
	A low tree with a raised, medium dense crown. A variety with high frost resistance; Medium-sized berries of light pink color with very juicy and tender pulp	No information
	Tall cherry with a wide pyramidal crown and high resistance to sub-zero temperatures; The fruits are dark red and small. The pulp is medium density, juicy, slightly loose. Taste sour	No information
Chocolate girl	A low tree up to 2.5 m in height with a dense, reverse-pyramidal crown; The fruit is dark burgundy, almost black, with a sweet and sour taste and a slight bitterness. The stone is small, yellow; Fruiting begins in the 4th year of the tree's life.	Self-fertile, but the harvest improves significantly when planted together with Griots, Sklyanka and Vladimirskaya
Late-ripening cherry varieties
	Bushy, low-growing variety. Immunity to sub-zero temperatures is good; The berries are dark red, medium, tasty. The bone is easily detachable. Fruits quite well	Self-fertile
Abundant	Bushy variety with good immunity to frost and drought; The cherries are dark red in color with pleasant pulp, the pits are difficult to separate; Annual high harvest	Self-fertile
Lotovaya (Shadow Morel, Morel Lotovaya, Lotovka, English Morel, Senchesta Morellet)	Medium-sized cherry with a spreading crown. Low temperatures are poorly tolerated; The cherries are dark, medium-sized, with fibrous and very juicy pulp. The stone is large and comes off with the pulp.	Self-fertile, gives the best harvest together with varieties such as Lyubskaya and Podbelsky
	A low tree with a sparse crown. Resistance to harsh winters is good; The cherries are large, rich dark red. The pulp is tender and juicy, sweetish taste	Self-fertile variety, can be planted with Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka and Lyubskaya
Robin	A medium-sized variety with a richly thickened, raised crown. Good frost resistance; Dark red cherries with easily separated pits and sweet-sour, dense pulp	Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya and Shubinka
Northstar (Nordstar, Nord Star)	Low cherry with a neat, compact crown and high resistance to frosty winters; The berries are medium-large, dark red. The pulp is tender, watery, sweetish-sour. The bone comes off well	Meteor, Nephris and Oblachinskaya

*synonyms of varieties are given in brackets

Criteria for selecting cherry seedlings

When choosing a seedling, gardeners (especially beginners) often focus exclusively on the high quality of the fruit; such a selection criterion is fraught with disappointment. Let's figure out why this happens and learn how to choose the right seedlings so that in the future the cherry tree does not get sick and brings a bountiful harvest.

• Choose zoned varieties - they have been tested and can withstand the unfavorable conditions of a particular region. Trying to grow cherries that are not intended for your area can not only produce a weak harvest, but also lead to the loss of the seedling. Although, there are exceptions here: if you are a keen gardener and are involved in the introduction of plants, that is, you want to promote new varieties in your area, then, of course, you are interested in importing new items.
• Pay close attention to the ripening time; it is better for the fruits to ripen gradually, and not on all trees at the same time.
• If you plant several self-sterile trees in the garden, then the cherry tree will give nothing but lush flowering. Choose different varieties with the same flowering period. A group of three or four different varieties of trees is the key to a bountiful harvest. It is not recommended to plant cherries near a plum, apple or pear tree - they will interfere with pollination.
• When purchasing, check whether the trees are rooted or grafted. The former actively produce shoots that are suitable for reproduction, but the fruits will be small and there is a risk of frequent damage by various diseases. Grafted seedlings do not reproduce by shoots, for the most part they are self-fertile and theoretically should be endowed with enviable disease resistance, their berries are tasty, juicy and large.

In fact, it happens that grafted seedlings are already infected with tinder fungus in the nursery, since the grafted sections are poorly processed.

Important selection criteria are good quality seedlings, a developed, healthy root system and tight bark at the grafting site (without stumps).

Planting and caring for common cherries

It is better to plant cherries in the spring (mid-April); a tree planted in autumn or summer will not have time to get stronger and is unlikely to overwinter normally. Bush-like varieties should be placed at a distance of 2 or 3 m from each other, tree-like varieties from 2.5 to 4 m. The pit should be about 50 cm deep and up to 60 cm wide. All damaged areas of the root should be removed. You can add a little organic fertilizer (humus, compost) to the soil for planting seedlings.

Having buried the tree, prepare a ditch for watering around the cherry tree - dig a small hole about 30 cm from it. For the first watering of a seedling, two or three buckets of water are enough; do not allow moisture to stagnate. Make sure that the roots are not exposed during watering; sprinkle them.

Another way to plant is in a mound. All stone fruits (including cherries) do not tolerate spring floods, and planting on a small hill will protect the roots and root collar from damping off. By the way, even if you plant on a flat area, by autumn, level all the ditches so that melt water does not accumulate, and mulch or sod the tree trunk circle.

Cherry tree care includes watering, formative tree pruning or stretching, fertilization, as well as prevention and control of pests and diseases.

Fertilizer application

It is advisable to feed cherries in the fall; bird droppings, compost, manure or special organomineral fertilizers can be used as fertilizers. In the spring, you can carry out light nitrogen fertilizing with weed infusion.

Any fertilizers are applied in small quantities, with a weak concentration, since it is not the tree that needs to be fed, but the soil microflora. And the microbes will take care of the nutrition of the cherries.

Watering

Most cherry varieties are highly drought-resistant, but this does not mean that an adult tree does not need watering at all. You can water cherries in the spring during the period of active flowering and fruit ripening, as well as immediately after picking the berries. The last one - winter watering is carried out closer to the second half of October (7 buckets under a bush or tree).

Crown formation

The crown can be formed by thinning or shortening. The first method involves removing branches in a ring and entirely - the crown will become smaller, which will contribute to better access of wind and light to the berries. Shortening involves pruning branches (longer than 40 cm), the process stimulates the formation of new branches.

The optimal crown shapes for cherries in a private garden are cup-shaped, spindle-shaped, and sparsely tiered.

Pruning of branches is carried out in the fall, when the tree has entered a dormant state. All cut areas thicker than 2 cm must be treated with clay and manure mash. Forming a young tree by pruning slows down the fruiting process and at the same time accelerates the growth of the cherry. Bending down branches (stretching), on the contrary, provokes the formation and ripening of bouquet branches. But this will need to be discussed in more detail a little later.

Diseases and pests: protection and prevention

1. Coccomycosis (reddish spots on leaves) - fallen leaves should be removed or burned. For prevention, you can plant lilies of the valley near the cherries, which cope well with the disease;
2. Moniliosis (fruit rot) - if detected in a timely manner, you need to collect the infected fruits and treat the tree with a solution of Fitolavin;
3. Clusterosporiasis (spots and holes on the leaves) - you need to destroy the affected leaves and treat the tree with natural antibiotics and biofungicides. For prevention, fertilize with tank mixtures;

You can protect yourself from shoot moths and aphids by spraying the tree with tobacco-garlic infusion. We described earlier how to deal with sawfly. Hawthorn feeds on buds and cherry foliage; it can be controlled well with the help of biological agents and insecticides.

The plum moth uses cherry fruits to lay eggs; Fitoverm, Lepidotsid or Bitoxibacellin will help get rid of it, as well as replanting rooted tomato shoots in the garden. If you find worms in the fruits, you will need to take care of protection from.

Preventive spraying is carried out in the spring, and not only the tree, but also the tree trunks should be treated. For more successful pest control, autumn work such as covering cuts and trunks with clay and manure mash and removing damaged branches will help. Upon the onset of the first frost, you can treat the tree trunk circle and crown with a solution of farmiod.

Protecting cherries from frost, preparing for winter

Care should be taken to protect the tree from frost at the planting stage; most often, the young cherry tree is tilted at an angle of 45° and several pegs are hammered near the seedling, then roofing material is pulled over them. Another option is to lay a thick layer of snow, on top of which sprinkle sawdust. If your region has a mild climate with snowy winters, an adult cherry tree does not need additional shelter.

Here, in fact, is all the most important information about how to choose a cherry tree for planting and how to plant it correctly. And in this video you will find additional tricks about growing cherries in the Moscow region:

As you can see, selection has made great progress, and now many modern varieties do well without pollinators, since they are self-fertile. We hope that the proposed photos with the names of cherry varieties and their descriptions will help you choose good seedlings for your garden.

Cherry Molodezhnaya has managed to win the sincere recognition of many gardeners in the Central region. The wide distribution of this variety is explained by its high frost resistance, stable abundant harvest and ease of care.

Cherry variety Molodezhnaya: description and characteristics with photos

The variety was obtained in VSTISP Kh.D. Enikeev, S.N. Satarova from crossing the Lyubskaya and Vladimirskaya varieties. Included in the State Register in 1993 for the Central region.

Like Vladimirskaya, Molodezhnaya is a bush-like cherry variety. The plant is medium or low-growing, 2–2.5 m high, with a wide-rounded crown that is not prone to excessive density, which makes harvesting easy. The shoots are moderately thick, slightly curved, covered with brownish-brown bark. The leaves are medium-sized, oval, bright green, with jagged edges. Flowers with white petals are collected in inflorescences of 5–7 pieces.

Most of the fruits are formed on last year's growths, only a small amount - on bouquet branches. It begins to bear fruit in the 3rd–4th year; productivity is high: for 15–20 years, 10–12 kg of berries can be obtained annually from a tree.

The variety is self-fertile; even when one tree is planted, ovaries form en masse. To obtain higher yields, it is necessary to plant several trees at a distance of 3 m, such as Shubinka, Morozovka, Turgenevka.

The average harvest ripening period is July 20–25. The winter hardiness of the tree is above average, and the flower buds are average. The fruits are large (4.5 g), oval, dark burgundy. The pulp is dense, juicy, with a rich cherry aroma, dessert sweet and sour taste. The juice is dark red. The seeds are medium in size and easily separated from the pulp. Tasting score - 4.5 on a five-point scale. Transportability of berries is good.

The winter hardiness of the tree is above average, and the flower buds are average. Resistance to fungal diseases is average; in years with warm, humid summers, damage reaches 2–3 points.

Advantages and disadvantages

Molodezhnaya is one of the most reliable cherry varieties in terms of yield and has many advantages:

• early ripening (fruits in 3–4 years);
• large-fruited;
• dessert taste of berries;
• good transportability;
• self-fertility;
• high frost resistance;
• drought resistance, which allows the tree to be grown in dry areas;
• abundant fruiting.

No significant deficiencies were identified in Molodezhnaya; only average resistance to fungal diseases was noted.

How to plant cherries correctly

The self-fertile variety of Molodezhnaya cherry sets up to 40% of fruits when pollinated with its own pollen. However, planting another tree nearby significantly improves fruiting.

Selecting a location

For cherries, you need to choose a place that is protected from the winds by a fence, outbuildings, and well lit - the stronger the shading, the worse the fruiting. The culture prefers to grow on moisture- and breathable soil; clay or sandy places are not suitable for it. Cherries cannot tolerate stagnant water, which can lead to waterlogging of the root system, so they choose elevated places with groundwater levels of at least 2 m. The area for the cherry orchard is chosen to be spacious so that the trees do not shade each other. Too close proximity will negatively affect the development of cherries and their yield.

Boarding time

In Central Russia and the northern regions, cherries are planted in the spring, when the earth has warmed up, but the buds have not yet opened. When planting in autumn in difficult climatic conditions, plants may not have time to take root before frost. In the south, cherries are often planted in the fall, since in the spring it is often hot there, which has an adverse effect on the trees.

Selection of seedlings

Seedlings must be purchased in specialized shopping centers or nurseries. Each tree must have a certificate containing information about the variety and age. Here you can get qualified advice about the characteristics of plants and care rules. You should not purchase seedlings that are 3 or more years old; they take a long and painful time to take root. Preference should be given to a 1–2-year-old seedling, which should have developed roots with light tips without damage, an even stem, no gum streaks or peeling of the bark, and flexible branches. On the stem, 5–15 cm from the root collar, the grafting site should be noticeable - a slight thickening. It is worth purchasing only zoned varieties; those brought from the south often freeze out. The seedlings in the container are completely ready for further growth immediately after planting. Such plants are more expensive, but they are a guarantee of quality and good survival rate. You can replant them all season. You should carefully inspect such plants before purchasing. They are removed from the container, while the earthen lump, entangled in fibrous roots, should not crumble.

Seedlings purchased in late autumn are planted until spring. A ditch is dug in the garden, one side of which is made at an angle. Seedlings are placed on it and covered 1/3 with soil. To protect plants from mice and hares, it is advisable to cover them with spruce branches. They are dug up just before planting, as soon as the snow melts.

On a note. For better survival, before planting, the roots are powdered with Kornevin or the powder is added to the hole in the area where the roots are formed.

A seedling with a closed root system is spilled with water and allowed to stand for 5–10 minutes. The lump will be saturated with moisture and will not crumble when removed from the package. Such a tree is planted together with a lump of earth.

Step by step process

1. Planting holes are located every 3–4 m.
2. Ash (500 g), humus (10 kg) and superphosphate (40 g) are added to the pit.
3. A peg 80 cm high is installed on the side.
4. A mound of fertile soil is poured onto the bottom.
5. A seedling is placed in the center of this area, the roots are thoroughly straightened. Plants from the container are planted along with the soil.
6. They cover it with fertile soil, shaking the plant so that there are no voids left, and tamp it down.
7. The root collar should be 5 cm above the soil level.
8. A small watering ditch is formed around the trunk, into which 2 buckets of water are added and allowed to soak.
9. The seedling is loosely tied to the support.
10. The soil is mulched with straw 5 cm thick.

Secrets of care

The variety is unpretentious, but the number of fruits will increase significantly with proper care: keeping the soil clean and mulched, watering as needed, timely pruning of root shoots and proper preparation for winter cold.

It is also important to choose the right neighbors. Grows well next to strawberries, raspberries, grapes, gladioli, roses. But it is better to plant apple trees, carrots, lilies, daffodils, and irises in another place in the garden.

Proper watering

Young cherry is a drought-resistant variety, but regular watering will allow you to obtain higher yields. However, the fruit tree suffers from dampness, and there is a danger of fungal diseases. First loosen the soil around the cherry tree and apply fertilizer. For irrigation, circular furrows 30 cm deep are dug along the projection of the crown. Trees planted in spring are watered at first every 5 - 7 days (2 buckets). In autumn, 1-2 waterings are enough. Then, in the year of planting, the seedlings are moistened once a month (2 buckets) in hot weather. For adult plants, the norm is 4 buckets three times per season (in May after flowering, late June, in July when the fruits ripen). In dry autumn, a week before frost, water-charging watering is carried out (7-8 buckets per tree).

Tree trunk care

The ground under the crown of the cherry tree should be weeded, loosened after watering and rain, and be sure to mulch. A layer of hay and sawdust prevents moisture from quickly evaporating and prevents the growth of weeds. In autumn, the tree trunk circle is mulched with rotted manure. The roots of the cherry, especially young ones, will be reliably protected from freezing during frosts, and by spring they will receive additional nutrition.

Important! Loosening is carried out to a depth of 10 cm, since the roots of the plant are in the surface layer.

Cherries are prone to overgrowth, which depletes the tree. Basal shoots must be cut off at the base: the soil is raked, shoots are cut out at the root, and the top is sprinkled with soil.

How to feed a tree and pollinate it

Cherries should not be overfed. This leads to too rapid growth of shoots, which do not have time to grow stronger and freeze slightly in the cold. When planting a cherry orchard, add 10 kg of humus, 60 g of superphosphate, 60 g of potassium chloride into the hole. In the year of planting, the tree is not fed; the nutrients added to the ground are enough for it. During the first 4 years, the plant gains growth and needs nitrogen. In early April, ammonium nitrate (20 g) and urea (30 g per 1 sq. m) are distributed around the tree trunk and lightly sprinkled with earth. At the same time, spray the crown with a nutrient solution (20 g of urea\10 l).

An excellent organic fertilizer is manure. It is applied once every 2 years (10 kg per tree) and buried 10 cm. Fertilized in October or April. With the onset of fruiting, organic matter and minerals are added annually: 10 kg of manure, 20 g of superphosphate or 200 g of ash per 1 sq. m. m. Nitrogen is used exclusively in spring. It is better to feed with organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in the fall. From the age of 6, the amount of feeding is increased by 30%. Once every 5 years, to reduce acidity, the soil is limed with slaked lime and calcium carbonate during autumn digging.

The use of green fertilizer also contributes to increasing productivity: green manure (lupine, peas) is sown around the tree in the second half of the season, in order to mow the grass in the fall and incorporate it into the soil.

Trimming

To get a large harvest, you need to properly shape the tree. After planting, the seedling is shortened at a height of 80 cm. Pruning is carried out annually in the spring before the buds appear. Leave up to 10 developed shoots growing 10–15 cm from each other. The branches that thicken the crown and grow inward are completely removed. Long branches begin to become bare over time; they are shortened by half. The central shoot should be 20 cm higher than the side shoots. In autumn, dry and damaged branches are removed. Thanks to pruning, strong branches and bouquet branches will grow by the next season, which means that good growth, fruiting and compactness of the crown will be maintained.

Cherry pruning - video

Preparing for winter

Molodezhnaya cherry is highly frost-resistant, but treating the bark and covering will provide the tree with additional protection. In the fall, the circle around the trunk is loosened, mulched with straw and sawdust with a layer of 5 cm. To protect the bark from burns, the trunk must be whitened, first clearing the bark of dry crusts and moss. You can prepare whitewash yourself from 500 g of copper sulfate, 2 kg of chalk and 100 g of glue.

During early autumn frosts, young plants may suffer. Sharp temperature fluctuations, when frosts give way to thaws, are also dangerous for the tree; flower buds are often damaged. Therefore, in the first years, it is advisable to cover the trees with non-woven material that allows air and moisture to pass through. It would also be useful to cover the trunk with spruce branches from rodent attacks. The crown of mature trees is covered with snow for insulation.

Autumn garden. Cherries and caring for them - video

Diseases and pests

Cherry diseases - table

Diseases	Symptoms	Prevention	Measures
Moniliosis	Fungal spores reproduce during rainy summers. The bark is covered with gray growths. The fruits rot. Severe damage to branches can cause the death of the entire tree.	Remove fallen trees and carry out sanitary pruning.	Spray the tree and soil with a 3% solution of iron sulfate before buds open. After flowering, treat with 1% Bordeaux mixture.
The leaves become covered with small spots, turn yellow and fall off prematurely. At the beginning of infection, the disease destroys the berries, and subsequently the tree itself.	For prevention, treat cherries with a solution of copper sulfate when the buds are swollen. During budding, spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture and Topaz.	Spray the tree with Hom. Re-process the next year before flowering begins.
Spots and cracks appear on the bark, leaves curl and fall off.	Spray with Novosil to increase immunity. In autumn, whiten trunks and skeletal branches.	The diseased bark is cut off, the sections are disinfected with copper sulfate and pitch. Spray with 4% Hom when the buds are swelling, before and after flowering. If the damage is severe, the tree is uprooted.
Light red spots appear on the foliage, the leaves dry out and fall off. The winter hardiness of the tree decreases.	Remove fallen leaves and dig up the soil.	Spray with Nitrafen (300 g\10 l) until the buds open. Treat with 1% Bordeaux mixture after flowering.

Cherry diseases - photo gallery

With moniliosis, the fruits rot When affected by coccomycosis, spots appear on the leaves. Cytosporosis is a disease that affects the bark of stone fruits. Red spot is a dangerous disease that leads to a decrease in yield

Birds love to feast on cherries and can destroy the entire crop in a matter of hours. Therefore, you need to stock up on special nets in advance, which are thrown over the tree when the fruits ripen. It is not uncommon to use noise, rustling, scaring devices.

Cherry pests - table

Cherry pests - photo gallery

Cherry moth damages buds and ovaries A tree affected by the slimy sawfly looks withered

The garden is cleared of caterpillars, aphids and insectivorous birds: titmice, flycatchers, wagtails. To attract birds, feeders are built; some of the berries of cherries, viburnum, and rowan are left for feeding the birds.

Harvesting

Cherries of the Molodezhnaya variety, weighing about 4.5 g, ripen in the second half of July, in the 5th year of planting. About 12 kg of fruits are removed from one tree, the maximum amount is 15 kg. The berries have good transportability. For better preservation during transportation, remove the stems from the cherries. Dry berries are placed in boxes in one layer and stored in the refrigerator for 3 weeks, in the basement at +10°C and humidity 90% - about 10 days. The fruits are frozen for the winter, dried, and used to prepare compotes, confiture, marmalade, jams, tinctures, and added to ice cream and desserts. The leaves are used to make homemade pickles and medicinal infusions. Cherries are rich in vitamins and minerals. Its use helps to increase immunity, improve vision and the functioning of the heart, kidneys, and strengthen the nervous system. Tea with cherry jam is recommended for sore throats. It’s not for nothing that cherries are called the berry of youth - thanks to the presence of antioxidants, they prevent premature aging, which is why they are used in cosmetology.

The fruits of cherries, a common stone fruit, are valuable both for fresh consumption and for various types of processing. They contain not only sugar and organic acids, but also many vitamins, for example, C, P, riboflavin.

Description of culture

Cherry as a fruit plant has been known since ancient times. It was already in the fourth century BC. e. it was described by Theophrastus, a Greek naturalist and one of the very first botanists.

Today, the cherry is considered one of the most common garden trees, ranking second after the apple tree. Her homeland is Crimea and the Caucasus. It is unpretentious and grows on any soil, including rocky soil. However, it bears fruit better in moist areas.

Many experienced gardeners know that you cannot plant the first tree you come across on your plot. After all, it is unknown how a particular species will feel in a given region. Therefore, only by choosing the right cherry varieties for their garden, plot owners have the opportunity to harvest a good harvest all summer and pamper their loved ones with delicious fruits rich in natural vitamins.

At the same time, beginning plant growers often have doubts about which seedlings to choose. And indeed, this question is quite relevant today, because the common cherry varieties alone number over one hundred and thirty varieties. And this is not counting the many ornamental species that people grow solely because of their beautiful flowering (weeping cherry, sakura, etc.). But there are also felt cherry, sand cherry and steppe cherry.

Criteria

Whether you will be able to grow an abundantly fruiting tree with juicy and tasty fruits in your garden or whether your efforts will be in vain depends mainly on which varieties of this crop are chosen. The criteria for selection, depending on the region, are the following factors: winter hardiness, early fruiting, resistance to drought or disease, timing of flowering and ripening, need for light, etc.

In the Russian climate, the best varieties of cherries are those that can withstand cold and are self-fertile. This criterion is explained by the fact that even under unfavorable weather conditions, when bees do not fly, normal pollination of flowers must still occur.

If cherry varieties are initially highly resistant to the most common diseases in a given region, then caring for them is greatly facilitated, and fruit loss is minimized. As for yield, each adult tree should produce at least seven kilograms of berries per season.

Classification by ripening time

Breeders have developed many varieties of this plant. They differ not only in taste, but also in the color of the fruit and the timing of fruiting. The ripening period of the fruit largely depends on the choice of variety. According to this criterion, cherries are classified into early, middle and late varieties. The ripening period for early ripening varieties is early July. The mid-season variety gives harvest in the middle of the same month, and the late variety - in early August.

The most popular varieties

Based on winter hardiness, the following cherry varieties can be named for the Moscow region and central Russia: Chernokorka and Molodezhnaya, Bolotovskaya and Bagryannaya, Lyubskaya and Shubinka, Volochaevka and Malinovka, Polevka, etc. Among the self-fertile ones, the best are considered Shchedraya, Rusinka, Brunette, Plamennaya, and also Chocolate Girl.

The record for popularity belongs to such a subspecies as Turgenevka, which produces a harvest from the first days of July. The tree reaches a height of three meters, but begins to bear fruit only in the fifth year. The berries of this cherry variety for the Moscow region are large and juicy, the stone is easily separated. Turgenevka is perfect for those gardeners who pamper their loved ones with compotes, jams and other preparations. It grows calmly both in central Russia and in climates with cold winters, where frosts reach thirty-five degrees.

“Generous” - the name of this cherry variety speaks of its fertility. With proper care, you can collect more than eight kilograms from each tree. The fruits are tasty, slightly sour, but they have one advantage - they do not crack.

Another popular variety is Morozovka. This is a dessert variety that has gained recognition precisely because of the great sweetness of the fruit. They not only have excellent taste, but also excellent transport characteristics. They ripen in mid-July. Morozovka tolerates winter cold well, but is completely unsuited to spring frosts.

In warm regions of Russia, cherry varieties such as Lyubskaya and Apukhtinskaya are popular. They have a high yield - up to ten kilograms per tree. In addition, their seedlings bear fruit, unlike, for example, Turgenevka, already from the second year after planting.

Shpanka

Another variety of cherry is popular among Ukrainian gardeners, having high yields and winter hardiness. This is a fairly unpretentious crop with a spherical, medium-thickened crown. Shpanka is a cherry that grows in almost any area; it is not picky about the soil and is resistant to such a common disease in gardens as coccomycosis. This species, popular in Ukraine and other former Soviet republics, was developed by crossing cherries with sweet cherries. It is practically unsuitable for harvesting, is poorly transportable, but is distinguished by the size of its fruits. The wide-round, sweet and sour berries of shpanka weigh up to five grams.

Frost-resistant cherry

The varieties for Siberia, bred by breeders in recent years, are early-bearing and productive. But their main advantage is their high winter hardiness. There are four types of cherries that grow in the harsh Siberian conditions: sand, steppe, felt and some varieties of common.

Over the past twenty years, many varieties have been created - these are Maksimovskaya, Mayak, Metelitsa, Zmeinogorskaya, Ob, Novoaltaiskaya and others. Zoned varieties include the Altai swallow, which, according to experienced gardeners, should be present on every site. It is one of the best pollinators for many varieties from the Siberian assortment.

Ashinskaya common cherry is also a resistant variety popular in Siberia. This is a self-fertile species, that is, grown without pollinators, but in very harsh winters its fruit buds may freeze. Therefore, Ashinskaya’s yield is not always stable over the years.

Varieties for the Moscow region

Even the most popular of all existing varieties are not suitable for all regions of Russia. Therefore, it is advisable to select zoned cherry varieties for the Moscow region, which were obtained taking into account the characteristics of specific areas. Only in this case, gardeners will not have problems when growing crops, and they will easily achieve excellent fruiting.

Cherry varieties for the middle zone, their characteristics and features differ from those zoned, for example, for Siberia. The latter must not only withstand the cold as much as possible, but also produce crops early.

In addition to frost resistance, cherry varieties for the Moscow region should also have good resistance to coccomycosis, since this disease of stone fruit plants is quite common in the central region. Taking these characteristics into account, the most suitable type for the capital and surrounding regions is Lyubskaya.

Many gardeners note other varieties for the Moscow region that have high or medium resistance to coccomycosis. This is the same Turgenevka, Almaz, Vstrecha, Toy, Coral and others. The cherry-bird cherry hybrid, Cerapadus Revival, is also particularly immune to this dangerous disease.

In the gardens south of the capital there are also such species as Griot Moscow, Malinovka, Rastorguevskaya, Rusinka, Sania and the widespread Apukhtinskaya.

The Vladimirskaya cherry variety, for example, in the Moscow region is considered a traditional representative of the garden. It is frost-resistant and has good resistance to many diseases. Vladimirskaya is designated as a mid-season variety, which means that its fruits ripen in mid-July. The berries of this tree are dark red in color and weigh about three and a half grams. The fruits have dense pulp with a sweet and sour taste. Due to the increased sugar content in the Vladimirskaya cherry variety, it makes very tasty preserves and jam.

Variety Zhukovskaya

Another variety of cherry, zoned specifically for the Moscow region, has a late ripening period. It has large berries, the average fruit weight is four grams. The color of the berries is dark red, and the shape is oval-heart-shaped. The variety has excellent yield: mature trees (twenty years old) can produce up to twenty kilograms of berries.

Growing cherry trees in the Moscow region

The yield of almost all stone fruits is subject to fluctuations and depends on a number of reasons. Studies of varietal plantings in gardens in the Moscow region made it possible to find out the reasons for such differences and determine what is necessary for regular harvests.

Many cherry varieties are not zoned to the outskirts of the capital, the climatic conditions of which have a bad effect on their growth. This crop comes from the southern regions, therefore, in northern, unusual conditions for it, only adapted varieties can be grown. Successful cultivation of cherries in the Moscow region depends to a large extent on the choice of planting site and fertilizing the soil.

Cherries planted on sandy and loamy soil well “seasoned” with organic fertilizers and provided with constant care and fertilizers will delight you with good harvests.

In addition, the yield of this plant in the Moscow region also depends on the condition of the flower buds, which are often damaged by frost, as well as the conditions under which pollination takes place. The affected ovaries of cherries become noticeable from the end of March - beginning of April: if you cut them lengthwise with a razor, you can see blackening in the center.

A good harvest of this plant is determined by the conditions, most of which can be created for it artificially: choose the right planting site, provide fertile and well-drained soil, and regularly apply fertilizers. Therefore, by choosing the most resistant varieties for the Moscow region, even under climatic conditions unfavorable for growth, you can get very good yields.

» Cherry varieties

All varieties of cherries differ from each other in various ways, be it ripening time, fruit size or region of growth. The most frost-resistant cherries are those grown in northern regions.(Ob, Ashinskaya, Metelitsa), but the most productive and sweet varieties grow in the south of the country(Lyubskaya, Shpanka, Garland). Cherries, early ripening the most stable, but their taste has much more sourness (Shokoladnitsa, Molodezhnaya), medium ripening varieties are the golden mean (Vladimirskaya, Zhukovskaya, Turgenevka). Another sign is the presence of flowers of both sexes, that is, self-fertility (Aphutinskaya, Memory of Enikiev). To choose the most suitable variety of cherries, you need to know all their characteristics.

Self-fertile varieties include those cherries that no additional pollination required, and they independently set both male and female flowers.

Apukhtinskaya

A medium-sized tree that produces large and tasty heart-shaped fruits. The Apukhtinskaya variety begins to bear fruit already in the second year after planting, refers to late ripening, harvest ripening occurs in mid-August. The tree has good resistance to frost and drought, but it is also susceptible to fungal diseases.

Memory of Enikiev

The tree grows up to 3 meters in height, the crown is medium dense, spherical in shape. Fruit weight reaches 5 grams, so they can be considered large. The shape of the berries is oval, the color is dark red. The pulp of Pamyat Enikiev cherries is very tasty and juicy. The variety is distinguished by the presence of a large seed. The tree begins to bear fruit already in the 3-4th year of life, the period of full ripening of the crop falls at the end of June. You can harvest up to 15 kilograms of fruit from one cherry. Has average resistance to frost and drought.

Self-fertile cherry varieties also include Garlyanda, Brunette, Cinderella, Shokoladnitsa, ErdiBetermo, Ksenia, Nochka, Vstrecha, etc.

Early varieties of cherries

Cherry varieties that ripen between early June and mid-July are called early. Their berries are less sweet, and the trees have good frost resistance.

Chocolate girl

This cherry tree is of medium height, with a crown shape resembling an inverted cone. The berries have a sour taste and dark burgundy color. The flesh is rich red in color, dense, with an easily separated seed.. The Shokoladnitsa variety tolerates frost and drought well, is resistant to many diseases, and is self-fertile. Brings a stable harvest.

Shpanka

This variety is a cherry-cherry hybrid. A tall tree with freely growing branches is shaped like a ball. In addition, the attachment of the branches to the tree is quite weak, so when the harvest appears, there is a risk that they will begin to break. The taste of the berries is sweet and sour; on average, their weight is 4 grams. The color of the fruit is dark red, the shape is rounded and flattened. Shpanka brings the first harvest at 6-7 years of age, but at the age of 20 years you can get up to 60 kilograms of cherries from a tree. Fruiting occurs from late June to early July. The variety is highly resistant to frost and drought and needs pollinators.

Youth

Bush cherry, with a low, slightly drooping crown. The fruits of the Molodezhnaya variety are large in size, their weight can reach up to 4.8 grams, the skin and pulp have the same dark burgundy color. The stone separates well, and the taste of the cherries themselves has a slight sourness; such berries are perfect for canning and freezing. The first harvest appears on a 5-year-old tree; fruiting mainly occurs on last year's wood. Molodezhnaya is a frost-resistant variety. Has average resistance to diseases.

Miracle cherry

Tree-like cherry with medium vigor. The crown of the tree needs constant shaping; with a free form of growth, it looks like a cone, and the fruits will accumulate at the very top. The taste of the berries is dessert, sweet, in all their external characteristics they resemble cherries, can reach a weight of 9.5 grams. The variety is self-sterile and requires pollinators. The tree begins to bear fruit at the age of 3, bringing a large, stable harvest. The fruits can be collected as early as early June. Miracle cherry is resistant to frost and most diseases.

Baby

The tree is of medium height and spherical in shape. It bears beautiful fruits of dark red color with a pleasant sweet and sour taste; the stone is easily separated from the pulp. The shape of the berries is round, evenly flattened, weight reaches 5 grams. The Malyshka variety is characterized by good transportability, immunity to fungal diseases and frost resistance. Productivity is inferior to other varieties, from one tree you can get 17 kilograms of cherries. Their full ripening occurs at the end of June.

There are also other varieties of cherries with early ripening. For example, Memory, Bulatnikovskaya, Enikeeva, Bagryanka, Saniya, Vasilyevskaya.

Medium ripening cherry varieties

Mid-early cherries are those that ripen in mid-summer; they have the best taste.

Vladimirskaya

- one of the oldest varieties grown in the central regions of Russia. Bushy tree, grayish bark. The branches grow downward, which is why the crown shape is called weeping. One inflorescence contains 5-7 delicate white flowers. The leaves are a matte green shade, elongated in shape, gradually sharpening towards the base and apex, the edge is double-serrate. The fruits are sweet and sour, slightly fibrous, well suited for any form of processing. The skin color is dark red, almost black, the weight of the berries does not exceed 3.7 grams, the shape is rounded and flattened. The first fruiting occurs in the 3rd year of life, cherry ripening occurs at the end of July. This variety tolerates winter cold well, but spring frosts can completely destroy the inflorescences, and accordingly the entire harvest. It grows best in central Russia; with good care it can bear 25 kilograms of fruit. In the northern regions, the yield drops significantly to 6-7 kilograms. Vladimirskaya needs pollinators and additional protection from diseases and pests. If the berries are not picked in time, they will begin to crumble very quickly.

Zhukovskaya

Cherry grows up to 2.5 meters, the crown of the tree is spreading, but sparse. The leaves are narrow, oval, dark green. Forms inflorescences of 3-4 flowers, medium in size with rounded petals. Fruiting occurs on last year's one-year-old wood. Most often the berries are arranged singly, sometimes in twos. Cherries of the Zhukovskaya variety are medium in size, up to 4 grams, dark red in color, core shaped. The pulp is tender, juicy, with a dessert taste. Disease resistance is average.

Kharitonovskaya

The tree grows to medium size, the flowers are large and white. The berries themselves are evenly round, the skin is bright red, and the flesh is orange. They have a sweet and sour taste, the stone is easily separated. Good immunity to various diseases, normal frost resistance. The Kharitonovskaya variety needs additional pollination.

Turgenevka

A cherry tree of this variety grows up to 3 meters and forms inflorescences of 4 white flowers. Fruiting occurs on bouquet twigs. The berries are broadly heart-shaped, large in size, weighing up to 6.5 grams. The skin color is dark red, the flesh is juicy, sweet and sour, the taste rating is normal. The first harvest ripens at 5-6 years of age, with full ripening of the fruits occurring in early July. tolerates winter frosts well, but may die when spring frosts appear. It is highly resistant to diseases and needs pollinators. The variety produces a good, stable harvest.

Morozovka

The tree grows of medium size, the crown is wide and spreading. Fruiting occurs on bouquet twigs, the berries are round in shape with a hole at the stalk, the weight can reach 5.5 grams. The skin is dark burgundy in color, the flesh is juicy, dessert taste with an easily separated pit.. Such berries are suitable for both fresh consumption and processing, and are easily transported. The tree begins to bear fruit in the 3rd year of life; the ripening of the fruits of the Morozovka variety occurs at the end of July. The harvest is stable, up to 500 kilograms per hundred square meters. The variety is resistant to frost, drought and disease. Requires pollinators.

The varieties Radonezh, Vstrecha, Igrushka, and Nochka also have an average ripening period.

Late cherry varieties

Late varieties ripen the very last, in late summer-early autumn.

Lyubskaya

The variety is intended for cultivation in central and southern Russia; it is very demanding on soil fertility and quality of care. Produces a large crop with blood-red, transportable fruits with mediocre taste. These berries are ideal for processing. The tree is self-fertile, but with additional pollination it produces larger crops. A young tree bears up to 26 kilograms of fruit, and an adult tree up to 60. It is not frost-resistant and is often susceptible to various diseases.

Generous

Bush cherry with shoots raised upward. The weight of one cherry is approximately 4 grams, the shape is round, the color is bright red. The pulp has a good taste and the stone comes off easily. The presentation of the berries is at the highest level; they are resistant to cracking. The Shchedraya variety gives an annual, abundant harvest, ripens in the fall. The tree produces its first cherries at the age of 3-4 years. Shchedraya is highly frost-resistant and can easily tolerate even spring frosts; the variety is also resistant to pest attacks and tolerates drought well. Susceptible to diseases, especially fungal ones.

Robin

A tree of medium height with a spherical crown. Leaves with a wide plate, glossy, green, crenate edge. Cherries are small, on average the weight of one berry is 3-3.5 grams, round in shape. The taste is sweet and sour, pleasant, the flesh is dense. The variety produces an annual, abundant harvest, which ripens in early August. The robin needs additional pollinators and protection from diseases. Frost resistance – average.

Other varieties of late-ripening cherries are Zhuravka, Polevka, Rubinovaya, Lotovaya, Rusinka, Gorkovskaya.

Large varieties of cherries

Cherry varieties with large dessert berries are not inferior in taste to sweet cherries. But compared to other varieties, they are demanding in terms of climatic conditions and quality of care.

Consumer goods Black

A low-growing tree with very tasty berries with dark, almost black skin. The pulp is juicy, tender, with an easily separated stone. The fruits of Chernaya Chernaya consumer goods ripen in early June, the harvest of the variety is moderate. Has poor resistance to frost. The tree needs additional pollination.

Volochaevka

A medium-sized tree is capable of producing an annual harvest. The berries are sweet, juicy with dense pulp and an easily removed pit. Ripening occurs in mid-July. The variety does not tolerate frost well; in the rainy season there is a risk of rot. Volochaevka produces both female and male flowers and is self-fertile.

Meeting

A low tree whose fruit weight exceeds 10 grams. The berries are bright red, with tender and juicy pulp. The harvest of the Vstrecha variety is stable and annual; ripening occurs on the 20th of June. The variety tolerates frost and drought well and is resistant to fungal diseases.

Also, varieties with large fruits include Molodezhnaya, Dessertnaya Morozova, Pamyat Enikeev, Podbelskaya, Shalunya, Igrushka, etc.

Varieties of low-growing (dwarf) cherries

Trees of such varieties grow no higher than 2.5 meters. They are very convenient for growing and harvesting, which is why they are very popular among gardeners.

Anthracite

Bush-shaped cherry with a wide crown, its maximum height is 2 meters. The skin of the berries is dark, almost black, the flesh is blood red.. The weight of the fruit is 4-5 grams, the taste is good. Cherries ripen in mid-summer and are well transported. The Anthracite variety is resistant to frost, drought and fungus.

Bystrinka

The small tree forms a spherical crown. The berries are burgundy in color, with pulp of the same color, their weight ranges from 3.5-4.2 grams, and are easily transported. The taste is sweet and sour. The harvest period falls at the beginning of July. The resistance of the Bystrinka variety to frost is average. There is a risk of damage from moniliosis.

Mtsenskaya

The tree rarely exceeds 2 meters in height, the crown is oval in shape. Average, one berry weighs 4 grams, the skin color is dark burgundy. Most often, the fruits of the Mtsenskaya variety are processed. The trees are characterized by good resistance to frost, drought and most diseases. They also have an attractive appearance, which is why they are often used in landscape design.

There are many low-growing varieties of cherries, these include Lyubskaya, Molodezhnaya, In Memory of Mashkin, Shokoladnitsa, Vladimirskaya, Tamaris and Saratov Baby.

The best varieties of cherries for the southern regions of Russia

These varieties are distinguished by excellent taste and low or medium frost resistance. Their cultivation is possible only in warm climates.

Sashenka

On average, the tree grows to 3-4 meters, the foliage is average. Fruiting occurs on annual shoots. The fruits are large, juicy, red. They have excellent taste. The Sashenka variety is frost-resistant and rarely susceptible to disease.. The first fruiting occurs in the 5th year of life, the ripening period is early.

Garland

The tree grows 3 meters tall and produces a large amount of foliage on its branches. The Garland variety is distinguished by the presence of inflorescences, from which 5 fruits appear. The berries are very large, juicy and tasty, the color of the skin is slightly darker than the pulp. The first harvest can be harvested in mid-June already in the 3rd year of life. The tree does not need additional pollination.

Also suitable for the southern regions are varieties such as Lyubskaya, Shpanka, and Shokoladnitsa.

The best varieties of cherries for the northern regions

Ashinskaya

It is considered the best variety for the northern regions. A low-growing shrub, whose height does not exceed 1.5 meters, can tolerate frosts down to -55 degrees. Also has drought resistance. The berries are dark in color, with dense pulp and a slightly astringent, sweet and sour taste. The bone is small and easy to remove. Flowering occurs from the beginning of April; the shrub produces its first harvest at 4 years of age.

Ob

A low shrub whose height is only 130 centimeters. Fruiting occurs on annual growths. The berries are small, dark red in color, with good taste and a small, easily separated seed.. Fruit ripening occurs in mid-July. The Ob is able to withstand severe frosts and drought, but is highly susceptible to attack by pests. The variety is self-fertile and does not require pollination.

Altai swallow

A low-growing bush, no more than 150 centimeters high. The berries are round in shape and medium in size, with excellent taste and juiciness.. Fruit ripening occurs in mid-July. The yield of the variety is very different from trees growing in the southern regions, and is only 5 kilograms. The Altai swallow tolerates frost and drought well and is immune to many diseases. It is also a pollinator for many cherry varieties.

For the northern regions, the Novoaltaiskaya and Metelitsa varieties may be suitable.

The most delicious varieties of cherries for Siberia and the Urals

These cherry varieties adapt well to the changeable climate of Siberia and the Urals, and are also distinguished by good yield and taste.

Ural ruby

A shrub whose height is 1.5 meters, the crown is wide, the branches are weeping, growing in a downward direction. The leaves are wide, shiny, dark green in color, their shape resembles a boat. The fruits weigh only 3-4 grams, round in shape, dark red, juicy, taste sweet and sour. Ripen in mid-August. The variety is self-sterile, but has a stable and good yield; an adult tree bears up to 10 kilograms of berries.

Lighthouse

Lighthouse- a bush 2 meters high with a wide spreading crown and leaves folded into a boat. The Siberian variety is self-fertile, but when planted next to varieties such as Polevka and Shchedraya, it produces the most abundant harvests. The fruits gain weight up to 6 grams, are dark red in color, and have a sweet and sour taste. Harvest can be harvested in early August On average, one bush produces from 5 to 15 kilograms of fruit.

Also suitable for these territories are the varieties Standard Ural, Shchedraya, Sverdlovchanka, Zagrebinskaya and Gridnevskaya.

The best varieties of cherries for the Moscow region, description and care

The varieties that are best suited for the Moscow region should have good resistance to frost and be unpretentious to the composition of the soil, a description of which can be found below.

Early varieties

Among the mid-season varieties, Turgenevka, Excellent Venyaminova and Griot Moskovsky can be distinguished.

Griot Moscow

A tree with a spherical crown and matte leaves. The berries reach a weight of 3.5 grams, the taste characteristics are at the highest level, the fruits are suitable for various types of processing. This variety ripens in mid-July, the yield is above average, you can get up to a ton of cherries per hundred square meters. Resistance to winter cold and return frosts is excellent. Subject to coccomycosis and monial burn.

Late varieties

Among late ripening varieties Zhukovskaya has proven herself to be the best.

Low-growing (dwarf) cherry varieties for the Moscow region include Molodezhnaya, Mayak, Tamaris, Bystrinka, Pamyati Mashkina and Malyshka.

Tamaris

The crown of the tree is small and round. The fruits are dark red with rare brown dots. The pulp of the berries is juicy, the taste is sour. Cherries can be used both for fresh consumption and for various processing, fruit transportability is average. Harvest can be done as early as early August. The variety has good resistance to frost and drought.

In memory of Mashkin

The crown of the tree is spreading, drooping, spherical in shape. The fruits are large in size, growing up to 5 grams, with their own dessert taste, they often become a decoration of any garden. Ripening occurs in mid-July. Frost resistance and immunity to vomiting are average.

Self-fertile varieties

The most popular self-fertile varieties for the Moscow region are Apukhtinskaya, Lyubskaya, Zagoryevskaya, Volochaevka, Shokoladnitsa, Vstrecha, Garlyanda and Zolushka.

Cinderella

A medium-sized tree that produces fruits weighing 4 grams, round-oval in shape and light red in color, with a sweet and sour taste. Harvest ripening occurs in mid-July, from one tree you can get up to 15 kilograms of berries. The frost resistance of the tree itself and the flower buds is excellent. The variety does not require additional protection against fungal diseases.

Breeders have developed a huge number of cherry varieties, which makes it possible to grow this crop in all corners of Russia. For the most part, all trees have good or average frost resistance and bear sweet and sour fruits. Each gardener can choose and plant the cherry tree that will decorate his particular plot.