Bird species. Resident, wintering and migratory birds: list, photos with names

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those who fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. And different species of birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to warmer countries, and sedentary ones adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

• Sparrow. Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

• Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in the summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. You can often see mixed flocks of both sparrows and tits at feeders.

• Gaichka. A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

The chickadee is a special type of tit

• Crow. Ravens are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

• Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different parts of the Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily exchange rocks, which are their natural habitat, for man-made structures.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

• Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the winter cold, they can also feed plant foods: seeds and nuts.

• Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird of high intelligence; it is capable of expressing a lot of emotions, including sadness, and can recognize its reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

• Owl. Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed with acute vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to lead a nocturnal lifestyle. It’s interesting that the tufts on an owl’s head are not ears; owls’ real ears are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downward, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

• This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

• A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. The name of the bird, according to different versions, means “inedible” or “insatiable.”

• Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

• Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

• Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

• Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

• Waxwing. A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

• Jay. A large bird, which, however, can fly to feast on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

• Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

• . A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

• Grouse. It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the largest population of these birds lives in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

• Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

• Falcon. It is considered one of the smartest birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

• . Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

• Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally; some of them remain to winter in middle lane Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

• They really like to fly to freshly dug ground, sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

• This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to the eastern part of the continent - Kenya and Ethiopia - for the winter. However, local residents cannot enjoy their singing, because nightingales sing only during the mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

• Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on the steep walls of quarries that people have dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

• Chizh. Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

• Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and move to lands with a warmer climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

• A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, southern Asia, and sometimes southern Europe.

• Quail. The only bird from the Galliformes order that is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

• Thrush. The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. And his appearance, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

• Lark. Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

• Gull. With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts of the northern seas migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

• . Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to the southern part of the continent.

• Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to Southern Europe and East Africa for the winter.

This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

• Finch. Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

• Heron. It is quite difficult to determine where herons spend the winter; some of them travel huge distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or the Kuban, and in the Stavropol Territory, herons sometimes even remain for the winter.

• Crane. These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

• Stork. In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

• Swan. The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

• Duck. Wild ducks in winter, as a rule, do not fly far and remain in the open spaces post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

• . Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa for the winter; less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: India and China.

• . A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

• . They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to spend the winter and are among the first to return home.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Slide 2

Slide 3: presentation of migratory birds

Why do migratory birds fly to warmer regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter is a harsh test for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

• Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
• Some birds are not afraid of people and live close to residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
• Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can feed on hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But in reality there are more questions here than answers. For example, imagine that a wild duck, which is a migratory bird, is provided with an artificially heated pond and a sufficient amount of food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. She will be called on a long journey by a strong feeling that is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

It turns out that birds fly away to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate magnetic field Earth.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, at the genetic level, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Do migratory birds build nests in the south?

Birds wintering in warm regions do not lay eggs or hatch chicks, which means they do not need a nest. Only chicks that migratory birds will hatch in their homeland need a nest.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

They arrive first in the spring rooks. These birds return to their homeland in early spring, when the first thawed patches in the snow appear. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

• Komarov
• Moshek
• Horseflies
• Zhukov
• Cicadas
• Butterflies

Since the emergence of a large number of adult flying insects from larvae requires warm weather and about two weeks of time, the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Which birds are the first and last to fly away in the fall?

With the onset of autumn cold weather, insects complete their active life cycle and hibernate. Therefore, the birds that feed on insects are the first to fly to warmer climes. Then the birds fly away and feed on the plants. Waterfowl are the last to fly away. There is enough food in the water for them even in autumn. And they fly away before the water in reservoirs begins to freeze.

VIDEO: Birds fly south

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

By folk signs, if a flock of wild ones flew south geese— you need to wait for the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather phenomena. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends on the weather conditions in autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is quail. The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east, these birds live up to the western coast of Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

VIDEO: How do migratory birds fly?

A little about birds Birds (lat. Aves) are a class of feathered, warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrates, whose forelimbs are shaped like wings. Initially, the structure of birds is adapted for flight, although at present there are many species of flightless birds. Another distinctive feature of birds is the presence of a beak. Today there are more than 9,800 people living on Earth various types(there are 600 species in Russia; V.M. Loskot, 1992), which makes them the most diverse group of the tetrapod superclass. Birds are found on all continents and in all ecosystems from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Most paleontologists believe that birds evolved from theropods, carnivorous dinosaurs in the Jurassic period about million years ago (and may be considered the only clade of dinosaurs that survived the Cretaceous catastrophe about 65.5 million years ago). The characteristics of modern birds are a light and strong skeleton, a four-chambered heart, plumage (or feather cover), a beak without teeth and an intensive metabolism. In addition, all birds lay eggs, which makes them different from the vast majority of mammals. Poultry farming, or poultry breeding, is one of the main industries National economy, producing the necessary food products for humans: meat, eggs and fat, as well as feathers as stuffing material. Birds (Latin: Aves) are a class of feathered, warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrates whose forelimbs are shaped like wings. Initially, the structure of birds is adapted for flight, although at present there are many species of flightless birds. Another distinctive feature of birds is the presence of a beak. Today, more than 9,800 different species live on Earth (there are 600 species in Russia; V.M. Loskot, 1992), which makes them the most diverse group of the tetrapod superclass. Birds are found on all continents and in all ecosystems from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Most paleontologists believe that birds evolved from theropods, carnivorous dinosaurs in the Jurassic period about million years ago (and may be considered the only clade of dinosaurs that survived the Cretaceous catastrophe about 65.5 million years ago). The characteristics of modern birds are a light and strong skeleton, a four-chambered heart, plumage (or feather cover), a beak without teeth and an intensive metabolism. In addition, all birds lay eggs, which makes them different from the vast majority of mammals. Poultry farming, or poultry breeding, is one of the main branches of the national economy, producing the necessary food products for humans: meat, eggs and fat, as well as feathers as stuffing material. lat. class of feathered warm-blooded oviparous vertebrates flightless birds beak 600 species V. M. Loskot four-legged ecosystems the development of theropods in the Jurassic period clade catastrophe metabolism of mammals Poultry farming lat. class of feathered warm-blooded oviparous vertebrates flightless birds beak 600 species V. M. Loskot tetrapod ecosystems development of theropods Jurassic period clade catastrophe metabolism of mammals Poultry farming

Diversity of Birds Birds are one of the most distinctive groups of animals. Zoologists consider them so different from other vertebrates that they are placed in a special class - along with amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Plumage, characteristic appearance, wings and hard shells of eggs clearly distinguish this group from all other animals. Birds are surprisingly varied in appearance, which makes them, like butterflies, attractive to collectors. Bird watchers' lists of the species they encountered have become an international symbol for amateur naturalists.

Evolution of Birds The most common hypothesis is that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs from the group of maniraptors, which also includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptors. As scientists discover everything large quantity fossil remains of flightless theropods and yet related to birds, the precise boundary between birds and non-birds becomes blurred. Where once one of the defining characteristics of birds was the presence of feathers, a series of discoveries in the late 20th and early 21st centuries in Liaoning Province in northeastern China indicate that many small theropods had feathers, contributing to this uncertainty. However, a group of scientists from Oregon State University (USA) showed that some features of the respiratory system of birds do not allow us to say with certainty that their ancestors were theropod dinosaurs, since the inactivity of a bird’s hip ultimately determines its ability to fly, and the femurs of dinosaurs are mobile. In addition, some discovered bird remains are older than those of dinosaurs, their theoretical ancestors. IN last years There is a consensus among paleontologists that the closest relatives of birds are deinonychosauria (Deinonychosauria, “lizards with terrible claws”), an infraorder that includes the families of dromaeosaurids (Dromaeosauridae) and troodontids (Troodontidae). Together, these three categories were combined into a single group called Paraves. The central place in the dromaeosaur family was occupied by microraptors (Microraptor gui), four-winged small predators capable of flying or gliding. The fact that most of the major deinonychosaurs were very small in size suggested that the ancestor of all flying creatures was arboreal and moved from one place to another by gliding. The most common hypothesis is that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs from the group Maniraptor, which also includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptors. As scientists discover more fossils of theropods that were flightless and yet related to birds, the precise line between birds and non-birds is becoming blurred. Where once one of the defining characteristics of birds was the presence of feathers, a series of discoveries in the late 20th and early 21st centuries in Liaoning Province in northeastern China indicate that many small theropods had feathers, contributing to this uncertainty. However, a group of scientists from Oregon State University (USA) showed that some features of the respiratory system of birds do not allow us to say with certainty that their ancestors were theropod dinosaurs, since the inactivity of a bird’s hip ultimately determines its ability to fly, and the femurs of dinosaurs are mobile. In addition, some discovered bird remains are older than those of dinosaurs, their theoretical ancestors. In recent years, a consensus has been reached among paleontologists that the closest relatives of birds are the deinonychosauria (Deinonychosauria, “lizards with terrible claws”), an infraorder that includes the families of dromaeosaurids (Dromaeosauridae) and troodontids (Troodontidae). Together, these three categories were combined into a single group called Paraves. The central place in the dromaeosaur family was occupied by microraptors (Microraptor gui), four-winged small predators capable of flying or gliding. The fact that most of the major deinonychosaurs were very small in size suggested that the ancestor of all flying creatures was arboreal and moved from one place to another by gliding. theropod dromaeosaursLiaoning paleontologists microraptors theropod dromaeosaursLiaoning paleontologists microraptors

External structure birds The body of a bird consists of the head, neck, torso, front and hind limbs and tail. The head contains the oral cavity and sensory organs. The jaws end in horny coverings that form a beak. The bird's body consists of the head, neck, torso, front and hind limbs and tail. The head contains the oral cavity and sensory organs. The jaws end in horny coverings that form a beak. The neck is highly mobile. The body is a support for the strong attachment of the wings. The tail of birds is greatly shortened and performs a steering function. Thin, two-layer skin is devoid of sweat glands and covered with down and feathers. Feathers are divided into flight feathers and tail feathers, and into integumentary feathers that cover the body. The flight feathers and tail feathers are large and hard, while the outer feathers (contour and down feathers) are small and soft. The neck is highly mobile. The body is a support for the strong attachment of the wings. The tail of birds is greatly shortened and performs a steering function. Thin, two-layer skin is devoid of sweat glands and covered with down and feathers. Feathers are divided into flight feathers and tail feathers, and into integumentary feathers that cover the body. The flight feathers and tail feathers are large and hard, while the outer feathers (contour and down feathers) are small and soft. The feather consists of a feather, a shaft and a fan (down feathers do not have a shaft). The fan consists of beards diverging from the shaft in two directions, from which, in turn, other beards extend. The hooks on the barbs hold them together to form the surface of the feather. The feather consists of a feather, a shaft and a fan (down feathers do not have a shaft). The fan consists of beards diverging from the shaft in two directions, from which, in turn, other beards extend. The hooks on the barbs hold them together to form the surface of the feather. Birds' feathers grow on separate patches of skin separated by bare areas. The color of feathers depends on pigments and on the microstructure of the feather; in many birds it changes throughout the year. The plumage and horny coverings of birds are completely or partially renewed once a year. Birds' feathers grow on separate patches of skin separated by bare areas. The color of feathers depends on pigments and on the microstructure of the feather; in many birds it changes throughout the year. The plumage and horny coverings of birds are completely or partially renewed once a year. At the base of the tail there is a single external gland - the coccygeal gland. With its secretions, the bird lubricates its feathers, which due to this do not get wet and become elastic and elastic. At the base of the tail there is a single external gland - the coccygeal gland. With its secretions, the bird lubricates its feathers, which due to this do not get wet and become elastic and elastic. Feathers support the bird's body in the air and help maintain a constant body temperature. Feathers support the bird's body in the air and help maintain a constant body temperature.

Digestive system of birds The digestive system of birds has its own characteristics. All modern birds do not have teeth; they make the head too heavy, and a “heavy” head is difficult to carry in flight. The beak and oral cavity of birds are intended exclusively for capturing food, as well as transporting it into the esophagus and further into the stomach. To compensate for the lack of teeth, birds had to divide their stomachs into two sections, which over time became so different that, in fact, birds are the only ones among all vertebrates to have two stomachs at their disposal. The esophagus is a long tube leading from the mouth to the first stomach. The walls of the esophagus do not secrete any digestive juices; it is intended solely for transporting food to the stomach, and also quite often for its temporary storage. In some species of birds, such as pigeons or partridges, food, before entering the stomach, accumulates in the crop, a voluminous and elastic extension of the esophagus. Other birds do not have goiter, but food can be stored and even transported over long distances directly in the esophagus. Birds swallow unchewed food, and its processing begins directly in the stomach. From the esophagus, food enters the glandular stomach. Its walls secrete strong acid and some enzymes in abundance, which trigger the process of digestion of food, which soon passes into the second stomach. It is a cavity formed by extremely strong and durable muscular walls. The walls of the second stomach are especially strong in granivorous birds that feed on roughage and solid food. Working on the principle of a millstone, the walls of the muscular stomach, vigorously contracting, grind and grind food, preparing it for further digestion. There is a known case when a turkey’s stomach in just three hours handled two dozen walnuts in this way, and in completely intact shells. The process of grinding food is facilitated by the presence of gastroliths, small pebbles or grains of sand that birds swallow specifically for this purpose. On the contrary, in birds that consume delicate food, nectar or fruit pulp, there is virtually no muscular stomach; for example, in tropical American tanagers it is only a small protrusion on the wall of the glandular stomach. 1 - esophagus 2 - goiter 3 - glandular stomach 4 - liver 5 - muscular stomach 6 - duodenum 7 - pancreas 8 - bile ducts 9 - small intestine 10 - rectum 11 - cecum 12 - spleen

Circulatory system birds The circulatory system is necessary to maintain the vital functions of all birds, both flying and flightless. A bird's heart works like a pump, pumping blood throughout the body and supplying its cells with oxygen. The heart of birds in its structure resembles the heart of mammals, although it is asymmetrical: its left half is more developed than the right, since it performs a greater amount of work. The heart of birds beats faster than that of mammals of approximately equal size. Thus, a stationary canary's pulse rate can reach 1000 beats per minute. During flight, the birds' heart rate increases even more, and after landing it gradually returns to normal. The circulatory system is necessary to maintain the vital functions of all birds, both flying and flightless. A bird's heart works like a pump, pumping blood throughout the body and supplying its cells with oxygen. The heart of birds in its structure resembles the heart of mammals, although it is asymmetrical: its left half is more developed than the right, since it performs a greater amount of work. The heart of birds beats faster than that of mammals of approximately equal size. Thus, a stationary canary's pulse rate can reach 1000 beats per minute. During flight, the birds' heart rate increases even more, and after landing it gradually returns to normal. The body temperature of all bird species is approximately the same and very constant. For most birds it averages 42.5C. In small passerines it can reach 45.5C. Fluctuations are possible only in a narrow range from 39.2°C to 43.5°C. With all the undoubted advantages that birds are given by their warm-bloodedness, which allows them to overcome any vicissitudes of the climate, it should be noted that it is very expensive. After all, the warm body of a bird continuously cools, and the faster, the higher the difference between the physiologically best tissue temperature for birds and the external temperature surrounding them. This difference must be constantly compensated by spending additional energy to continuously warm up the body. The body temperature of all bird species is approximately the same and very constant. For most birds it averages 42.5C. In small passerines it can reach 45.5C. Fluctuations are possible only in a narrow range from 39.2°C to 43.5°C. With all the undoubted advantages that birds are given by their warm-bloodedness, which allows them to overcome any vicissitudes of the climate, it should be noted that it is very expensive. After all, the warm body of a bird continuously cools, and the faster, the higher the difference between the physiologically best tissue temperature for birds and the external temperature surrounding them. This difference must be constantly compensated by spending additional energy to continuously warm up the body. 1st left ventricle 2nd right ventricle 3rd left atrium 4th right atrium

Nervous system of birds In birds, the relationship between the structure of the brain and the sense organs and their functions is clearly visible. The relatively insignificant role of smell in the life of birds is directly dependent on the small size of the olfactory lobes of the brain. The perfection of the visual organs is due to the increased size of the visual thalamus of the well-developed midbrain. The complex and varied movements during flight and the perfect orientation of birds are due to the enhanced development of the cerebellum. In birds, the relationship between the structure of the brain and the sense organs and their functions is clearly visible. The relatively insignificant role of smell in the life of birds is directly dependent on the small size of the olfactory lobes of the brain. The perfection of the visual organs is due to the increased size of the visual thalamus of the well-developed midbrain. The complex and varied movements during flight and the perfect orientation of birds are due to the enhanced development of the cerebellum. The nervous system plays a leading role in all life processes of any organism. The nervous system communicates the body with the environment. All irritations coming from the outside are perceived by her through the senses. In response to these irritations, the functions of various organs change and the body adapts to the environment. Sufficiently strong irritation in any part of the nervous system usually causes numerous reflexes, which determine the reaction of the body as a whole. A reflex is the body’s response to stimulation of nerve receptors (endings) located both on the surface of the body and inside it, carried out through the central nervous system. Reflexes are divided into conditioned and unconditioned. Acquired reflexes are called conditioned; they can occur throughout the life of the bird. Parrots develop conditioned reflexes quite quickly, this can be confirmed by the ease with which they can be trained, etc. Unconditioned reflexes are those that are innate and are inherited. Unconditioned reflexes include the sexual reflex, the defensive reflex and many others. Conditioned reflexes are strictly individual and unstable, that is, they can disappear without a systematic stimulus and appear again. Sometimes, under the influence of extreme stimuli, a state of general tension in the body, called stress, can arise. Stress can have both positive and bad influence on the bird’s body, up to its complete disorganization. The nervous system plays a leading role in all life processes of any organism. The nervous system communicates the body with the environment. All irritations coming from the outside are perceived by her through the senses. In response to these irritations, the functions of various organs change and the body adapts to the environment. Sufficiently strong irritation in any part of the nervous system usually causes numerous reflexes, which determine the reaction of the body as a whole. A reflex is the body’s response to stimulation of nerve receptors (endings) located both on the surface of the body and inside it, carried out through the central nervous system. Reflexes are divided into conditioned and unconditioned. Acquired reflexes are called conditioned; they can occur throughout the life of the bird. Parrots develop conditioned reflexes quite quickly, this can be confirmed by the ease with which they can be trained, etc. Unconditioned reflexes are those that are innate and are inherited. Unconditioned reflexes include the sexual reflex, the defensive reflex and many others. Conditioned reflexes are strictly individual and unstable, that is, they can disappear without a systematic stimulus and appear again. Sometimes, under the influence of extreme stimuli, a state of general tension in the body, called stress, can arise. Stress can have both positive and negative effects on the bird’s body, up to its complete disorganization. 1-forebrain 2-midbrain 3-cerebellum 4-diencephalon

Reproductive system of birds Male birds have two testicles located inside the body. Sperm descend through the vas deferens into the cloaca and exit the body. Fertilization occurs when the cloacal openings of the male and female come into contact during mating. Male birds do not have an organ that penetrates the female's body, although some groups, such as waterfowl, may have a primitive organ that facilitates the transfer of seed. In female birds, only the left ovary and oviduct are usually functional. The eggs travel through the reproductive tract from the ovary. The sperm passes through this path and fertilizes the egg at the very beginning of the process. As a rule, one mating is enough to produce one clutch of eggs. Sometimes sperm can remain viable in the female's body for three weeks after mating. Male birds have two testicles located inside the body. Sperm descend through the vas deferens into the cloaca and exit the body. Fertilization occurs when the cloacal openings of the male and female come into contact during mating. Male birds do not have an organ that penetrates the female's body, although some groups, such as waterfowl, may have a primitive organ that facilitates the transfer of seed. In female birds, only the left ovary and oviduct are usually functional. The eggs travel through the reproductive tract from the ovary. The sperm passes through this path and fertilizes the egg at the very beginning of the process. As a rule, one mating is enough to produce one clutch of eggs. Sometimes sperm can remain viable in the female's body for three weeks after mating. 1 - testicles 2 - kidneys 3 - vas deferens 4 - cloaca 5 - eggs 6 - funnel 7 - oviduct 8 - isthmus 9 - egg with shell 10 - cloaca

Excretory system of birds Birds have fairly large kidneys. Paired ureters depart from them, opening into the cloaca. Urine does not accumulate in the excretory organs, but is immediately removed from the cloaca. Birds have fairly large kidneys. Paired ureters depart from them, opening into the cloaca. Urine does not accumulate in the excretory organs, but is immediately removed from the cloaca. Why don't birds have a bladder? Nature has prudently removed everything that interferes with the bird’s flight. Including the bladder. There is no need for a bird to accumulate urine in its body, which would add weight to it and interfere with its flight. Therefore, urine in birds is not retained in the body, but is immediately removed outside. Why don't birds have a bladder? Nature has prudently removed everything that interferes with the bird’s flight. Including the bladder. There is no need for a bird to accumulate urine in its body, which would add weight to it and interfere with its flight. Therefore, urine in birds is not retained in the body, but is immediately removed outside. 1-kidney 2-ureter 3-cloaca

Bird Eggs Different bird species have different egg shapes, which depend on the location where the bird species usually lays its eggs. Birds that make nests in holes or holes have round eggs. Birds nesting on rock ledges, cornices, etc. have oblong-shaped eggs. Different bird species have different egg shapes, which depend on the location where the bird species usually lays its eggs. Birds that make nests in holes or holes have round eggs. Birds nesting on rock ledges, cornices, etc. have oblong-shaped eggs. According to tradition, the largest egg is considered to be that of the African ostrich. However, if we compare the relative weight compared to the size of the bird itself, then the weight of an ostrich egg is only 1% of the total weight of the ostrich. But the world's smallest bird, the bee hummingbird, lays eggs the size of a pea, but this is 6% of the weight of a female hummingbird. According to tradition, the largest egg is considered to be that of the African ostrich. However, if we compare the relative weight compared to the size of the bird itself, then the weight of an ostrich egg is only 1% of the total weight of the ostrich. But the smallest bird in the world, the hummingbird-bee, lays eggs the size of a pea, but this is 6% of the weight of a female hummingbird.hummingbird The size of bird eggs depends not only on the size of the bird itself, but also on the lifestyle of these birds. For example, waterfowl have larger eggs than other birds of the same size because their chicks hatch already developed enough to move and feed on their own.[Bird eggs receive their color from pigments in the female genital tract. The color of bird eggs correlates with the place and manner of nesting. Birds that make nests in places closed from prying eyes usually have light-colored eggs. Eggs laid openly are most often protectively colored. The laid egg has a dense outer shell, a calcareous shell, covered with a thin cuticular supershell shell, which protects the egg from penetration into it through the pores in the shell of various microorganisms. Under the shell there are two thin parchment-like subshell membranes that envelop the protein. At the blunt end of the egg, the shell membranes separate, forming an air chamber. Next is a thick protein shell covering the spherical yolk. At the animal pole of the yolk there is a germinal disc. From the inner shell membrane to the yolk there are strands of dense chalaza protein. The yolk, freely rotating on the chalazae, ensures that the embryonic disc is always located at the top in any position of the egg. All membranes are formed as the egg passes through the oviduct. The yolk contains the main reserve nutrients, used to form the tissues of the embryo, to provide its basic energy costs and partly the need for water. The albumen shell is the main source of water necessary for the embryo and only partly an additional reserve. energetic substances. The size of bird eggs depends not only on the size of the bird itself, but also on the lifestyle of these birds. For example, waterfowl have larger eggs than other birds of the same size because their chicks hatch already developed enough to move and feed on their own.[Bird eggs receive their color from pigments in the female genital tract. The color of bird eggs correlates with the place and manner of nesting. Birds that make nests in places closed from prying eyes usually have light-colored eggs. Eggs laid openly are most often protectively colored. The laid egg has a dense outer shell, a calcareous shell, covered with a thin cuticular supershell shell, which protects the egg from penetration into it through the pores in the shell of various microorganisms. Under the shell there are two thin parchment-like subshell membranes that envelop the protein. At the blunt end of the egg, the shell membranes separate, forming an air chamber. Next is a thick protein shell covering the spherical yolk. At the animal pole of the yolk there is a germinal disc. From the inner shell membrane to the yolk there are strands of dense chalaza protein. The yolk, freely rotating on the chalazae, ensures that the embryonic disc is always located at the top in any position of the egg. All membranes are formed as the egg passes through the oviduct. The yolk contains the main supply of nutrients used for the formation of tissues of the embryo, to ensure its basic energy costs and partly the need for water. The protein shell is the main source of water necessary for the embryo and only partly an additional reserve of energy substances.waterfowl pigmentswaterfowl pigments

Interesting Facts about birds The black swift can stay in the air for 2-4 years. During all this time, he sleeps, drinks, eats and even mates on the fly. A young swift on its wing flies probably kilometers before landing for the first time. The black swift can stay in the air for 2-4 years. During all this time, he sleeps, drinks, eats and even mates on the fly. A young swift on its wing flies probably kilometers before landing for the first time. The smallest bird is the bee hummingbird. Male bee hummingbirds that live in Cuba and Pinos Island weigh 1.6 g and are 5.7 cm long. Half the length is the tail and beak. Females are somewhat larger. The smallest bird is the bee hummingbird. Male bee hummingbirds that live in Cuba and Pinos Island weigh 1.6 g and are 5.7 cm long. Half the length is the tail and beak. Females are somewhat larger. The Common Tern left its lakeside nest in Finland around 15 August 1996 and was captured on 24 January 1997 near lakes in Gippsland, NY. Victoria, Australia. She flew km. The Common Tern left its lakeside nest in Finland around 15 August 1996 and was captured on 24 January 1997 near lakes in Gippsland, NY. Victoria, Australia. She flew km. Sightings seem to confirm that the peregrine falcon is capable of reaching top speeds of up to 200 km/h as it drops like a stone from great heights to defend its territory or hunt birds in the air. Sightings seem to confirm that the peregrine falcon is capable of reaching top speeds of up to 200 km/h as it drops like a stone from great heights to defend its territory or hunt birds in the air. The Gentoo penguin can swim at speeds of up to 27 km/h. The Gentoo penguin can swim at speeds of up to 27 km/h. A Siberian white crane named Wolfe, kept at the International Crane Conservation Foundation in Baraboo, NY. Wisconsin, USA, reportedly lived to be 82 years old. The bird died at the end of 1988 after it broke its beak while chasing away a visitor. A Siberian white crane named Wolfe, kept at the International Crane Conservation Foundation in Baraboo, NY. Wisconsin, USA, reportedly lived to be 82 years old. The bird died at the end of 1988 after it broke its beak while chasing away a visitor.

Birds in human life Since time immemorial, birds have fascinated people and served as a source of inspiration for artists, poets, musicians and dreamers who passionately wanted to get off the ground and rise into the blue sky. Watching birds fly prompted people to invent the first aircraft heavier than air, the study of bird flight continues to influence the development of modern aviation, as aircraft designers continue to use the aerodynamic features of bird flight to create the latest intercontinental supersonic airliners. Birds have left a deep mark on the culture of peoples different countries world - this is confirmed, for example, by the legends about the Thunderbird, existing among the indigenous inhabitants North America, or the legend of the phoenix bird, often mentioned in Egyptian mythology. In Europe, as elsewhere, birds play a special role in all kinds of folk festivals and beliefs. The robin is invariably associated with Christmas in many countries, and the return of the common cuckoo from wintering in Africa is eagerly awaited as one of the first signs of the approaching spring in almost all of Europe. Since time immemorial, birds have fascinated people and served as a source of inspiration for artists, poets, musicians and dreamers who passionately wanted to get off the ground and take to the blue sky. Observation of bird flight prompted people to invent the first heavier-than-air aircraft, and the study of bird flight continues to influence the development of modern aviation, as aircraft designers continue to use the aerodynamic features of bird flight to create the latest intercontinental supersonic airliners. Birds have left a deep mark on the culture of the peoples of different countries of the world - this is confirmed, for example, by the legends about the Thunderbird, existing among the indigenous inhabitants of North America, or the legends about the phoenix bird, often mentioned in Egyptian mythology. In Europe, as elsewhere, birds play a special role in all kinds of folk festivals and beliefs. The robin is invariably associated with Christmas in many countries, and the return of the common cuckoo from wintering in Africa is eagerly awaited as one of the first signs of the approaching spring in almost all of Europe. Birds amaze with the variety of their shapes and colors; their voices are woven into the enchanting symphony of wild nature with a life-affirming theme. Birds are truly ubiquitous. They completely mastered the land and conquered the vast expanses of the ocean. Nomadic birds can be found anywhere on our planet, with the exception of the interior regions of Antarctica buried under the gigantic glaciers. Throughout the long history of studying the organic world of the Earth, birds have attracted the greatest attention of scientists and therefore, in terms of the degree of their knowledge, far surpassed all other groups of animals. Scientific interest to the mysteries of the world of birds continues to this day. Birds amaze with the variety of their shapes and colors; their voices are woven into the enchanting symphony of wild nature with a life-affirming theme. Birds are truly ubiquitous. They completely mastered the land and conquered the vast expanses of the ocean. Nomadic birds can be found anywhere on our planet, with the exception of the interior regions of Antarctica buried under the gigantic glaciers. Throughout the long history of studying the organic world of the Earth, birds have attracted the greatest attention of scientists and therefore, in terms of the degree of their knowledge, far surpassed all other groups of animals. Scientific interest in the mysteries of the world of birds does not fade to this day.

The significance of birds in nature No bird can be absolutely harmful or beneficial. They, like other animals, can be harmful or beneficial in certain circumstances and at certain times. For example, rooks in summer feed on insects and their larvae (chafer beetle, turtle bug, caterpillars of meadow moth and weevils, etc.). However, in the spring they can peck out the sown seeds of cereals and garden crops, and in the fall they spoil corn and sunflowers, melons and watermelons, etc. The pink starling is considered a very useful bird because... Its main food is locusts and other orthoptera, but in summer and autumn flocks of pink starlings can eat juicy fruits (cherries, mulberries, grapes) in gardens and thereby cause significant harm. Tree sparrows and other granivorous birds feed on seeds cultivated plants, however, they feed their chicks with insects, including many pests. Cuckoos, feeding on forest pests, can suppress the outbreak of their reproduction, while at the same time, by laying eggs in the nests of insectivorous birds (warbler, pipit, redstart, wagtail, etc.), they cause the death of part of their broods. The goshawk, useful in the wild, like most predators, having settled near a populated area, can destroy poultry. All these examples indicate that the same bird in different conditions can be both useful and harmful. However, the vast majority can be considered useful. Birds such as diurnal raptors, owls, and many passerines are especially valuable. Many birds are important for humans from an economic point of view, these include commercial and hunting species, and numerous breeds of poultry. No bird can be absolutely harmful or beneficial. They, like other animals, can be harmful or beneficial in certain circumstances and at certain times. For example, rooks in summer feed on insects and their larvae (chafer beetle, turtle bug, caterpillars of meadow moth and weevils, etc.). However, in the spring they can peck out the sown seeds of cereals and garden crops, and in the fall they spoil corn and sunflowers, melons and watermelons, etc. The pink starling is considered a very useful bird because... Its main food is locusts and other orthoptera, but in summer and autumn flocks of pink starlings can eat juicy fruits (cherries, mulberries, grapes) in gardens and thereby cause significant harm. Tree sparrows and other granivorous birds feed on seeds of cultivated plants, but they feed their chicks with insects, including many pests. Cuckoos, feeding on forest pests, can suppress the outbreak of their reproduction, while at the same time, by laying eggs in the nests of insectivorous birds (warbler, pipit, redstart, wagtail, etc.), they cause the death of part of their broods. The goshawk, useful in the wild, like most predators, having settled near a populated area, can destroy poultry. All these examples indicate that the same bird in different conditions can be both useful and harmful. However, the vast majority can be considered useful. Birds such as diurnal raptors, owls, and many passerines are especially valuable. Many birds are important for humans from an economic point of view, these include commercial and hunting species, and numerous breeds of poultry. animals

Who are the birds? It is known that birds are a class of warm-blooded vertebrates whose bodies are covered with feathers. Ornithologists know 10,560 species. Also characteristic features is the presence of a beak, the ability to fly, the ability to sing, build nests, and hatch chicks. But is it? Hummingbirds are the smallest and most beautiful birds on earth. Many of their species reach the size of a bumblebee and weigh only two grams. The largest are as tall as a swallow. The color is bright. They live in Central America. These birds' nests are the size of nutshells, and the tiny chicks hatch naked and blind. Using a camera, recording brief moments, the speed of the hummingbird was captured; it turned out to be 400 bodies per second. If we compare it, it turns out that the speed of a hummingbird is much higher than that of a fighter. At the moment of flight, the hummingbird shows instant braking, which is beyond the control of other living organisms that conquer airspace. Because of their beautiful feathers, hummingbirds were exterminated and now many species have become rare. The ostrich is the largest bird on earth. His height is 2m 40cm, weight 136kg. Lives in Africa, Australia and South America. With her feet she digs a hole in the soil where the ostrich lays her eggs. Both mom and dad hatch. On hot days, birds do not sit, but stand above the nests, shielding their offspring from the scorching sun. The ostrich has strong legs with which it runs quickly, reaching speeds of up to 31 km/h, and can easily knock a person down. They can't fly. Persecuted by people because of the huge lush feathers used to make fans, decorations for hats, etc. The first sailors who saw penguins in Antarctica almost mistook them for a crowd of people dressed in tails. The largest are emperor penguins. Their height is 80 cm. They are adapted to harsh conditions and spend half their life in water. The female lays one egg, the father penguin rolls it into a deep fold on the belly, then he also passes it to the mother. Therefore, penguins do without nests. When the baby is born, something like milk appears in the dad's esophagus. This is what he feeds the cubs. Can't fly. You can say about him: “Born to swim, cannot fly”; in water it reaches speeds of up to 36 km/h, dives to a depth of 200 m. Parrots are very beautiful birds with a strong beak. With it he can crack nuts, and is also used as a third leg, helping to climb trees. Parrots have well-developed wings and fly quickly. There are also flightless parrots that, when in danger, climb into a hole under the roots of trees. They communicate with each other with sharp, loud cries and gentle chirping. Doesn't sing. Many species can learn to imitate human speech. There is a musical group in the world whose vocalist is the parrot Valvo. There are schools in Australia where parrots are taught to speak. A funny incident happened in the USA. Robbers broke into the house where the talking parrot lived. The bird remembered their names and repeated them in the presence of the police. The violators were found. Cuckoos do not fly in flocks, but alone. There are 300 species. They do not build nests and do not breed offspring themselves. They lay up to 20 eggs and place them in the nests of other birds. Having laid an egg, it picks it up with its beak and flies through the forest in search of a small bird’s nest, in which the eggs already lie. Having found such a nest, she takes out 1 egg from it, eats it and throws her burden. Cuckoo chicks develop and hatch faster than others. When a cuckoo hatches, it throws other eggs or already hatched chicks out of the nest. Until there is only one left in the nest. Now he will have enough food, which his foster parents tirelessly feed him. The little cuckoo grows quickly and the birds that fly to the nest are left without a place and are forced to sit on... the back of the cuckoo. But the cuckoo brings great benefits. She exterminates the most dangerous pests: hairy caterpillars, ticks, lizards and snakes. The peacock is a representative of the order of gallinaceous birds with a long neck and small head, with the most beautiful plumage: blue, green and red tones gave the peacock the glory of the most beautiful bird. In Islam, the open tail of a peacock meant either the full moon or the sun. In Russia, the peacock became a symbol of arrogance, the reason for this was that very rich and often arrogant people bred birds. “To spread your tail like a peacock” is an exclusively Russian expression. Scientists have discovered a unique method of communication between peacocks that is inaccessible to the human ear. This is infrasound emitted by the tail feathers. People hunt peacocks for delicious meat and beautiful feathers. Is there bird milk? Of course not, you say. After all, they talk about bird milk as something impossible. And yet it exists. In pigeons, when they hatch chicks, a mass similar to thick milk forms in the crop. They feed their pigeons with this “milk”. Pigeons drink in an unusual way. They dip their beak into the water and suck the liquid through it as if it were a straw. The pigeon is famous for its ability to find its way and return 500 km or more. Nowadays pigeon mail has lost its significance. But more recently, pigeons were used to deliver messages. Julius Caesar and Genghis Khan used pigeons to receive important messages over long distances. In Japan, they even bred a new breed capable of flying at night: the enemy will not see or shoot the air mailman, and daytime birds of prey will not grab him. Everyone knows the common woodpecker that lives in our forests. He works all day, resting his elastic tail against a tree trunk, catching insects. The insect either sticks to the tongue, moistened with sticky saliva, or is pierced by the sharp end of the tongue. Among the woodpeckers there are originals. For example, woodpecker South America lives in the ground, in burrows that he makes himself. And the female red-headed woodpecker in Asia and her chicks live in the nests of fire ants. Interestingly, the ants do not touch them, although they can destroy larger animals with lightning speed, attacking “with the whole world.” Conclusion. Therefore, not all birds can fly, sing songs, build nests, or bear offspring. But you have met some of the most interesting birds on earth.

the largest pigeon in the world. Its size reaches almost 80 cm. This bird is so called because on its head it has a lush crest of feathers, which in appearance resembles a crown. Crowned Pigeon The largest pigeon

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The peregrine falcon dives at a flying prey at a fantastic speed of 320 km/h, as fast as Formula 1 cars go! This is the highest speed among living creatures on our planet. Peregrine falcon The highest speed

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The owl has the most flexible neck of all birds. Thanks to this, she can turn her head so that she can see what is behind her! An owl, sitting motionless on a branch, watches everything that happens around. Owl The most mobile neck

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Diamondbacks are relatives of sparrows and live in the arid regions of Australia. Their singing has been well studied. For example, during the mating period, females prefer those males who are able to sing more melodies. Diamond finch The most studied singing

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Another remarkable thing about this bird is that pink color its plumage depends on the dye contained in the shrimp that the flamingo feeds on. If it were the same for humans, then we would, for example, turn green every time we ate salad! Flamingo Longest legs and neck

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The toucan is the bird with the largest beak, the length of which is about a third of the length of the toucan's entire body. The large beak with serrations is ideal for picking fruits from trees. Toucan The largest beak

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The royal albatross is the record holder among birds for its wingspan, which can reach 3.3 m. Albatrosses live in colonies on the coasts, and to greet their relatives, they spread their wings. Royal Albatross The Largest Wings

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The bald eagle has the largest nests of any bird. The nest is built from branches and can reach 4-6 m in height and up to 3 m in diameter, and weigh up to 2000 kg! Bald Eagle Largest nest Bald Eagle

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The green-winged macaw is the bird with the most colorful plumage. Thanks very much bright colors Macaw feathers are difficult to spot in the variegated foliage of the tropical forest. The macaw also has two toes pointing forward and two toes pointing back, whereas most birds have three toes pointing forward and one pointing back. The brightest plumage Green-winged macaw Green-winged macaw

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The jackdaw is a relative of crows, but differs from them in its small size and shorter and sharper beak. Jackdaws are characterized by the fact that they remain in pairs until the end of their lives, and they live up to 65 years. Jackdaws are also known for their love for various shiny objects. The most faithful bird Jackdaw Jackdaw

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The gray heron is the most cunning bird: like a real fisherman, it has learned to use bait to catch fish, frogs, tadpoles, snakes, worms and insects. Herons fly with their necks thrown over their backs, so that their heads are level with their wings. The most cunning bird Gray Heron Jackdaw

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Birds of paradise, which live in the forests of New Guinea and Eastern Austria, love to show off the beauty of their plumage. The most boastful bird Bird of Paradise Jackdaw

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The ostrich reaches a height of 3 m, almost like a bus, and weighs up to 160 kg, the same as two adults. An ostrich egg weighs 1 kg, and one egg can feed 12 people! The largest bird is the Ostrich Jackdaw

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The penguin cannot fly because its wings are too small to lift such a fat carcass into the air. A thick layer of fat under the skin keeps penguins warm and helps them survive the cold of Antarctica. The fattest bird is Penguin Jackdaw

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In flight from a height of almost 1.5 km, this eagle is able to see even the smallest animals. It’s not for nothing that a person with acute vision is said to have an “eagle eye.” The sharpest vision Wedge-tailed eagle Jackdaw

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Some scientists believe that a raven's vocabulary contains more than 300 words...more than the vocabulary of a one-year-old child. The most talkative bird Raven Jackdaw

Performed:

Senior teacher

Groups kindergarten №1

Lezina Olga Robertovna

Whychkins questions

How birds fly ?

What types of birds are there? ?

Feather structure

Feathers- the most complex horny formations of the skin of birds. They protect birds from all kinds of harmful influences environment- overheating, cold, dampness and wind, and prevent heat loss, making the surface of the bird’s body smooth.

Is there bird milk?

Birds are not mammals; they feed their newborn chicks with various insects, worms, and larvae. Therefore, the expression “bird's milk” most often means some unprecedented product that does not exist in reality.

Lark's nest

stork nest

Eastern tit on the nest

Blue-eyed Tit

Eastern nightingale's nest

garden nest

warblers

with a cuckoo egg.

A cuckoo chick throws the last egg out of a garden warbler's nest.

Cuckoo in the nest

garden warbler.

Chicks of the common nightjar - one of the few birds in our fauna that do not build nests at all. They lay their eggs directly on the ground, so the only salvation from enemies is the protective coloring of the eggs and plumage.

Gray flycatcher feeding its

insatiable child.

Song thrush nest.

Guess by their beaks what and who do these birds eat?

Now let's check. Did you guess right?

Each group of birds shares the same food.

Based on the nature of their diet, birds are divided into 5 groups.

1 a group of birds is called

HERBIVOROUS .

Herbivorous birds have a short, wide beak. They feed on fruits, seeds, and young shoots of plants.

Taiga partridge

Gray partridge

2 group birds feed on insects and are called INSECTIVORE .

Insectivorous birds are distinguished by a thin, elongated beak with which they capture insects. They eat a wide variety of insects, looking for them on trees and other plants.

Birds of 3 groups feed on insects and plants

and their fruits are called

INSECT-HERBIVOROUS .

Group 4 – predator birds .

Birds of prey have a special beak structure that ends in a powerful hook, and toes that end in powerful claws. All this helps them capture and hold prey. They feed on rodents, other birds, hares, etc.

Hawk

Black kite

snowy owl

Long eared owl

Orlan

Harrier

Group 5 is very unique: they can eat anything. That's what they're called

OMNIVORES.

Crow

Nurse birds feed on landfills and garbage dumps and help improve the health of the area.

Magpie

Jackdaw

Shorebirds and aquatic birds

Cranes

And the speed of a peregrine falcon in a diving flight

reaches 300 km/h.

Scientists provide amazing data about the flight speed of a small hummingbird: from 48 to 150 km/h!

Sitting down next to a flower, she drinks with her long beak

flower juice. And then it flies away from the flower with its tail first, only a hummingbird can do that.

Swallows from Eastern Europe fly over the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara to East Africa, covering up to 2,500 km without stopping.

Some birds cannot fly at all. Penguins live mainly in water. Their wings

modified into flippers, with which they

“fly”, however, not in the air, but in the water .

The pink seagull spread its elastic wings and caught

with them the wind calmly soars over the sea.

The pink starling flies low above the ground,

locusts swarm.

A small robin bird deftly twirls among

branches, catches insects in flight.

The tumbler pigeon somersaults, turns over

wing.

The kestrel can “stand” in the air for a long time on one

place, lying in wait for prey.

Tits flutter from bush to bush, with their wings

They wave often, fly quickly, but not far.

The pelican has grabbed a heavy fish and is gliding wide.

whose wings.

Not every bird can fly into the sky right away.

When a flamingo takes off, it runs for a long time with its wings

waves. Accelerates. Finally it will fly smoothly, first low over the sea, then higher and higher...

The kingfisher, when he sees the fish, falls down like a stone,

folding its wings, it plunges into the river. Then it takes off

with prey.

The rooster's wings are beautiful, but they are not suitable for flight.

No matter how much he slams them, he doesn’t rise higher than the fence.

thanks for