Installation of steps on the string. Do-it-yourself string for stairs - an opportunity to try your own skills

If you are planning to make a wooden staircase yourself, but have never encountered such work before, do it with bowstrings, as this is the simplest design option. But it must be properly designed and assembled correctly. And then we will tell you in detail how a wooden staircase on bowstrings is made.

We will divide the work on making the stairs into four steps:

1. Calculation and drawing;
2. Manufacturing and installation of march;
3. Installation of fencing;
4. Finishing.

Calculation and drawing

Stairs on a bowstring are a marching structure. True, they also exist on a bent string, but they are also very difficult to make.

It is impossible to make such a design at home, especially for a beginner, so we will not consider them.

First of all, let's figure out what a bowstring is and how the construction of a ladder on a bowstring differs from other similar structures.

So, the string of a wooden staircase is, in fact, a beam to which the steps are attached. The peculiarity of the bowstring is that it is absolutely flat, i.e. has no cutouts for treads and risers. As a result, the steps are fixed between the beams, and not placed on them, as is the case with the use of stringers.

Stairs made of wood on bowstrings are simpler to manufacture due to the fact that you do not need to make cutouts for the steps. True, you still can’t do without markings, which are applied equally to all types of beams.

In order for the stairs to be safe, they must be performed according to certain rules that are common to all stairs:

• The height of the steps must be the same, otherwise injuries cannot be avoided. This is due to the fact that when moving up the stairs, we remember the height of the first step and expect the same height from others;
• Steps cannot be made higher than 250 mm and lower than 140 mm, otherwise it will be inconvenient to move along the march;
• You cannot make the step depth less than 250 mm and more than 330 mm;
• The march angle cannot be made more than 45 degrees. The optimal elevation angle is 30-38 degrees.

Note! The height and depth of the step are interrelated, since the distance between the steps in a straight line should be equal to a human step, which on average is 600-640 mm. Therefore, as the height increases, it is necessary to decrease the depth, and, accordingly, vice versa.

To calculate the structure taking into account these requirements, first of all, you need to measure its height. If you are making an internal staircase, for example, to the second floor, its height will be equal to the distance from floor to floor. Let's say in our case this parameter is 2.5 m.

• a is the average step length of an adult;
• b - step height;
• c is the depth of the step.

Let's take the average optimal height - 17 cm. Knowing this value, let's calculate how many steps our staircase will have - 250/17 = 14.7. Since we need an integer, we will adjust the height to 250/15=166~165 mm.

To calculate the length of the projection of the structure onto the floor, we multiply the resulting depth by the number of steps 290x15 = 4350 mm. Knowing the height and length of the structure, it will not be difficult to calculate the length of the march.

Note! This is done according to the Pythagorean theorem, since the length of the march is the hypotenuse, and the length of the projection and height are the legs.

After the calculation, it is necessary to decide on the nuances of the design. Usually wooden stairs are made on one string or two strings.

The design on one beam looks more “airy” and unusual, but it is much more difficult to make it strong and reliable, so we do not recommend that beginners undertake the manufacture of such a staircase.

There are several ways to secure steps between them:

1. By cutting in steps;
2. Using bars on which the steps are laid.

Note! The most reliable is a wooden staircase on strings with insets, but its manufacture requires a router. If you don’t have such a tool, it’s easier to secure the steps with blocks.

Draw all the nuances of the future design on paper and indicate its dimensions. Of course, working on the project will take some time, but having even the simplest drawing in front of your eyes will make your task somewhat easier.

Manufacturing and installation of march

To make a flight of stairs we will need the following materials:

• Two boards 40x300 mm for making beams;
• Boards 30x300 for steps;
• 40x40 bars for fastening steps;
• Wood glue.

The manufacture of stairs using wooden bowstrings is carried out in the following sequence:

Illustrations	Actions
	We begin work by making markings. We draw lines for the location of the steps at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the beam, so that after its installation the steps are positioned strictly horizontally.
	Next, using a router, we make recesses with a depth of at least 2 cm. If you don't have a router, you can make cuts and then remove the excess wood with a chisel.
	Cut the bottom edge of the beams at the same angle as the steps will be located, which will allow the structure to rest securely on the floor. Cut the top edge so that in the working position the cutting line is vertical. This will allow the march to rest on the ceiling.
	Install the first beam with your own hands, securing it to the ceiling and floor using corners and anchors. If the floor is wooden, use self-tapping screws instead of anchors.
	Install the second load-bearing part of the march in the same way as the first. During its installation, make sure that the reciprocal grooves for the steps are located in the same horizontal plane.
	Mark the board along the length of the step and cut it. Use this step as a template for cutting the remaining boards.
	To ensure that the steps fit freely into the grooves, sand their ends.
	Apply wood glue to the grooves. Try to ensure that it completely covers the surfaces of the groove.
	After treating the grooves with glue, insert the steps.
	Drill through holes opposite each other in the beams under the steps. The hole pitch should be a meter and a half.
	Tighten the beams with pins, as shown in the photo, so that they do not move apart during operation.

This completes the assembly and fastening of the wooden ladder on bowstrings. The result is a rigid, durable and reliable march, which now only needs fencing and finishing.

If you will attach the steps with bars, use a beam with a cross section of 40x40 mm. Each block must be secured with at least three screws. Then simply lay the boards on the bars and secure with self-tapping screws.

Advice! It is advisable to screw the screws in from below so that the installation is hidden. In this case, you will not have to putty their caps.

Fencing installation

As a rule, fencing for stairs is made of wood. The easiest way is to buy ready-made shaped posts and handrails. The structure can be assembled using dowels and wood glue.

The price of a finished fence will average about 2000-2500 rubles, if, of course, the posts and handrail are made of the cheapest types of wood, such as pine and spruce.

But in order for the wooden staircase on bowstrings to be made with your own hands from start to finish, you can install a simple but quite nice fencing made of boards, which is done as follows:

Illustrations	Actions
	Prepare a post from 70x70 mm timber and install it at the base of the march. If you have a router, make grooves for the boards. Attach the same post to the top of the flight.
	Secure two boards to the supports by inserting them into the grooves or tightening them with bolts. The top board will serve as a handrail, and the bottom will serve as infill.

Finishing

The instructions for finishing the finished product are quite simple:

Illustrations	Actions
	Prepare the product for painting: Treat the surface with fine sandpaper or sand it with a grinder; When finished, remove dust with a damp cloth or vacuum cleaner.
	Treat the surface of the structure with parquet varnish using a paint brush. After the first layer has dried, be sure to apply a second coat of varnish. To achieve the “glass” effect, apply a third layer of coating (read more).

Advice! If there are cracks or other imperfections on the surface of the product, be sure to fill them with acrylic putty and then sand them. Select the putty to match the color of the wood. If it is not possible to match the material, it can be tinted.

That's all we wanted to tell you about how wooden ladders with bowstrings are made at home.

Conclusion

Now you know how wooden ladders on bowstrings are designed and made independently. The main thing is to do the work carefully and slowly, and then the product will delight you for many years. Finally, we recommend watching the video in this article to visually familiarize yourself with the process.

IN country house You can’t do without a flight of stairs; this element of the interior allows you to correctly zone the room and facilitate access from one room to another. There are two main types of staircase structures: on bowstrings and stringers. The choice of one option or another depends on many factors (room area, financial capabilities of residents, personal preferences, design specifics).

The first type is a classic model and that is why it has a number of undeniable advantages. In this article we will look at why it is better to choose a ladder with bowstrings, how to make it yourself and avoid mistakes during marking and installation.

What is a ladder string?

Today there are several in various ways assemblies of staircase structures. Some require professional knowledge and skills, while others are easy and quick to install. Staircases on bowstrings fall into the category of easy-to-assemble transitions. However, before starting to study the principles construction work, it’s worth understanding what a string for stairs is.

The bowstring for a staircase is usually understood as the supporting load-bearing structure of a flight of stairs in the form of a beam with special grooves or sockets located on the inside. The main advantage of this type of fastening of steps is the “closing” of the ends, which in turn makes the finished product even more attractive.

The bowstring for wooden stairs is the most universal option fastenings Even a novice craftsman can make it, and special impregnations will increase the service life of the coating. Wooden stairs are most often found in private buildings, and for public institutions they choose more interesting models from materials such as plastic, stone, and metal. Different types of wood can also be alternated.

Bowstring as the base of a staircase structure

It is quite simple to understand what a stair string is; just look at the end of the product. This item It is a support beam with grooves of certain sizes, into which steps will then be mounted. According to most experienced builders, it is the bowstring that is responsible for the strength and durability of the marches.

The bowstring serves as a kind of foundation for the staircase structure. The photo below shows the external differences between two popular options for attaching steps (on a bowstring and on a stringer).

Staircase on bowstrings and stringers

As you can see, the stringer is a curved beam that secures the steps from below. To increase the strength of such fixation, special cuts are made. This option is best suited for small spaces, as it has a large load-bearing capacity and saves free space. Flights of stairs on bowstrings are more massive, but thanks to the design features, they are easy to manufacture and absolutely safe to use.

Please note that there are different types of strings for stairs: straight, curved, spiral. When choosing, you should take into account the operational characteristics of the future march.

Material and dimensions

The first stage involves selecting lumber in accordance with the established dimensions of the future structure. To do this, a construction work plan is drawn up in advance and a project is created. You should end up with a solid beam without splicing. To make the base of a staircase structure, various types of wood, metal and reinforced concrete can be used.

The preferred material for making your own stairs is wood; a variety of species are used:

• Softwoods such as pine, cedar or spruce. These are budget and reliable options. But the main disadvantage of such materials is the gradual release of resin, which can interfere with uniform painting and subsequent varnishing of the span.

• Hardwoods such as cherry, beech and oak. This is the best option. Oak products are considered the most reliable; they also do not require special care. With careful use, such stairs will serve your family for several decades.

If you are just planning the production of a staircase structure, then you can determine the length of the string based on the flight of stairs. The width of the bowstring should be about 30 cm, thickness - 4-5 cm.

String markings

Marking can be done in two ways:

• using a construction angle or a ruler (there is a high probability of error);

• using a special template.

At the beginning of work, it is especially important to determine the preferred arrangement of steps in relation to the base of the structure.

You can choose the classic marking method - without a reference line (then the groove remains open), or make the nests closed (that is, reproduce the reference line at a distance of 4-5 cm from the edge of the workpiece). Both methods are great for assembling a staircase yourself, so the choice of one or the other depends only on your personal preferences.

Option for making grooves in bowstrings

On the video: marking the bowstring with your own hands.

It is worth noting that when making a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to know how to avoid the divergence of the bowstrings. For this purpose, certain fasteners are used.

Bowstring fasteners include:

• Metal bands with wedges. They are reliable, durable, and not suitable for compact structures.

• Wooden cords with wedges. Such elements wear out quickly, but are easy to manufacture.

• Screw bands with fixation on nuts. Are considered the best option for fastening bowstrings.

Assembling the stairs (options for fastening strings)

Calculation

When making calculations for the design of a future product, the following features of the staircase design should be taken into account:

• The angle of inclination of the march should be within 30-40 degrees;
• the depth of the steps should not be less than 30 cm;
• The average foot height is 20 cm.

The parameters of the individual components of the staircase are calculated using a formula based on the step length. The average length of a human step is 63 cm, when applying the formula we get the following results: 63 ± 3 cm (2 step heights + step depth).

Attaching and installing the bowstring

After all the necessary measurements have been made and calculations of the finished structure have been carried out, the process of manufacturing the flight of stairs begins. Before this, you need to purchase all the materials and tools that may be needed during the work process.

To attach and install the bowstring you will need the following equipment:

• hammer with rubber tip;
• electric jigsaw and drill;
• manual milling machine;
• tape measure, ruler;
• building level and square.

If you are going to attach the bowstring to the wall, which is the best option possible, it is necessary to measure the wall beam in advance and cut off the lower part. This will allow the string to lie flat on the floor. As a result of the actions taken, it will rest on the transverse beam of the opening, which will increase the strength of the entire structure.

To better understand how to fit a bowstring to a wall, watch the video, which clearly shows the whole process.

In the video: installing the bowstring against the wall.

When making a staircase with your own hands, the most difficult question remains - how to attach the steps and make them fit to the string of the staircase. To avoid mistakes at this stage of work, we recommend that you use the following instructions:

1. The march is assembled, after which it is placed so that the bowstring is at the bottom. Next, you need to draw a straight line along the inside of the top step and riser.

2. Another line is made from the back of the frieze tread to the level of the plinth (most often its length is 7.5-8 cm).

3. The next step involves removing the top riser (and remember that the installation of the steps is carried out only after all adjustments are completed).

4. If you are attaching the string along the floor line, then at this stage mark a line parallel to the bottom tread; the bottom of the beam will be sawed along it.

5. Immediately before installing the stairs, experts recommend making a notch on the support post (this will allow the base to fit tightly onto the top floor).

Please note that the installation process for a staircase structure with bent strings is somewhat different. Before starting construction work, we recommend that you study the features of fastening the steps and watch the video below.

On the video: features of installing a spiral staircase on bowstrings.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase on bowstrings

After preparatory stage the work is completed, you can proceed to the most important moment - fastening the steps and railings. Next, we will take a closer look at the entire process in order to avoid mistakes. Do not forget that the safety of you and your loved ones depends on the quality of the work done. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust this matter to professionals. To save, choose the maximum simple model stairs and inexpensive materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any design, this staircase model has advantages and disadvantages of operation. Experts include the following important aspects as advantages:

• using a prefabricated structure, you can replace individual sections of the stairs;

• simple and quick installation of all parts (the main requirement is the accuracy of calculations);

• wooden models at proper care will serve you and your family for decades;

• a wide choice of shapes and sizes (florid, rotating or L-shaped);

• diversity design solutions(an example is the production of steps without risers).

The only drawback of this type of design is the excessive requirements for the accuracy of calculations and the quality of fasteners. Incorrect design or poor fastenings can significantly reduce the reliability of the ladder, which can lead to accidents. The beams may come apart, the steps may fall out of their grooves, and all your work will go down the drain. Therefore, if money allows, and safety is most important to you, it is better to turn to professionals.

Types of docking

For the manufacture of this type of stairs can be used different ways joining steps and bowstrings. It is not so easy to secure the parts correctly, but first it is worth determining what a tread and riser are:

• A riser is a vertical element of a step, necessary to give additional rigidity and reliability to the entire structure.

• A tread is a horizontal element of a step on which a person rests when ascending or descending the stairs.

Flights of stairs may have no risers, but it is impossible to imagine a staircase without treads. That is why more and more new options for fastening steps and bowstrings are constantly being created. This can be a solid step or a free version without a riser. Note that the second method is becoming increasingly popular.

Fastening the steps

The process of attaching the steps to the string is quite simple. Processed and cut to size steps and risers are inserted into grooves or screwed to bars or metal corners. To prevent the structure from becoming loose, these parts must be made with extreme precision and care.

Photos of finished stairs

A wide selection of materials allows us to produce a wide variety of staircase designs. Wooden models are especially popular due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. Do not forget about the long service life of wood, as well as the possibility of partial or complete repair of the product. Experienced craftsmen make luxurious staircases from wood that will suit any, even the most extravagant, interior design.

What is better: a staircase with bowstrings or stringers?

When choosing an interfloor staircase model, certain problems may arise. Especially often owners country houses They can’t decide which is better - a bowstring or a stringer. First of all, the external features of the part and its application are taken into account. The stringer is made in the form of a comb, repeating in its outline the steps of a flight of stairs. Thus, each tread is attached to the top edge, and the riser is attached to the side.

Unlike the kosour, the bowstring has smooth side contours. This product looks more neat, and the steps are practically invisible, since they are inserted into special grooves or installed on fixed bars. Visually, a staircase with stringers looks more compact, but the structure with a bowstring is more reliable and safe to use.

When choosing one option or another, pay attention to the layout of the room and the availability of free space. If the issue of saving space is especially acute for you, then it is better to prefer a staircase with stringers.

Making a staircase on a bowstring with your own hands is not at all difficult; you just need to strictly adhere to the given dimensions. All parts must be treated with antiseptics in advance, their dimensions must be recorded and calculations must be carried out correctly.

The easiest way to assemble a ladder (1 video)

A staircase built on bowstrings is a classic case. These structures have a high level of strength and are distinguished by respectability. In this case, the bowstring plays a special role. What is this? To answer this question, we have prepared this article.

Bowstring - side load-bearing beams with grooves. Steps are inserted into these grooves. This is how the staircase turns out. However, there is another type of design. In this case, one side of the span is attached to a bowstring, and the other to the wall using bolts.

In addition, there are staircases on a bowstring, which have risers or not. If we are talking about an open staircase that does not have risers, then this is a fairly light structure that is completely visible. In another case, the march looks massive, but is more reliable. A person does not have a feeling of fear that he will trip and get his foot between two steps, which can lead to injury. As for the price of a solid ladder, it will be higher. Photos of such stairs can be seen on the Internet.

So, we briefly looked at what a bowstring is. We found out what it is. Now let's move on to the design features.

Design Features

If you look at photos or video materials about how to make a staircase with your own hands, you will be able to highlight several features. The main feature that catches your eye is the variety of designs. These can be straight or rotary stairs, multi- or single-flight, with winder steps or with equipped sites. But in any case, a lot of space must be allocated for stairs.

Stairs that use a bowstring are not recommended to be placed steeply. It is worth considering the height of the ceilings. If we are talking about a room with low ceilings, then it is advisable to build a lightweight structure. As an option - along the wall, secured with bolts. In cases where you have a lot of free space, it is best to make a ladder on a bowstring.

The steps are attached to the grooves that are on the bowstring. The grooves are located on the beam. Since the treads are not on the beam, after a while they may begin to creak or sag. If you look at the photo carefully, you can see what may cause trouble.

Important! Installing steps into grooves with your own hands is much more difficult than installing them on stringers. This leads to the fact that the stairs will be more expensive.

Designs of their wood with mortise steps

This method is most often used. You can easily make a bowstring with your own hands. To do this, in every wooden board it is necessary to make grooves of approximately 2 cm. At the same time, try to make grooves same depth accurate to the millimeter and as smooth as possible. Otherwise, the step will begin to “walk.” To mark the distance evenly, use a template that can be cut from a piece of plywood.

Making a template

In order to make a template with your own hands, you need to nail strips to a piece of plywood. Make an indent of approximately 5 centimeters from each corner. If you don’t bother with this, you run the risk of the string becoming a stringer.

Important! If your project must have a staircase that has two side strings, pay attention to the fact that the beams have a mirror ratio when cutting the grooves.

The staircase in a private house is made in a classic design as a model on a bowstring. One of the arrangement options involves eliminating risers, which reduces the overall weight of the structure and reduces material consumption.

In addition to the economic benefits, the string for the stairs country house allows installation to be carried out quickly and easily, and all work can be done by hand. Let's take a closer look self-production strings for stairs to your taste, from calculating parameters and choosing material to installing the structure.

A staircase with a bowstring at its base is the simplest design. The string consists of paired beams, on the inside of which there are grooves for installing steps. Making a bowstring for a staircase can be done at home with your own hands, and if the product is attached to the wall on one side, then there can be only one bowstring. The structure is fixed to the wall with bolts.

You can buy a ready-made stringer, straight or screw, wooden or metal. The method of fastening the steps is fundamentally different from the bowstring, since the board is placed on a sawn tooth. When moving up the stairs, your family will not notice the difference in comfort, but appearance bowstrings are considered more successful. The outer end hides the place where the steps are attached, which makes the product very attractive in appearance.

Ladder with a bowstring

The string can be made from different materials, but more often they choose wood or metal. You can make a reliable base from wood blocks, which will be quite strong and durable. Manufacturing does not require the use of welding, the seams from which significantly spoil the appearance of the structure. Bowstring from coniferous species visually very attractive due to the pattern of wood fibers in the places of cutting.

The strength characteristics are suitable for the manufacture of stairs, but over time, resin begins to release, which interferes with painting and varnishing. Leafy bowstring more popular due to ease of processing. The most commonly used wood is beech and cherry, oak and maple. The lamellas can be solid or glued, which does not reduce the strength parameters.

Requirements for the manufacture of stairs

Making your own stairs requires increased attention to calculations and installation. The design is a high danger factor for households, therefore a list of rules has been developed that are observed during its manufacture:

• Each floor must have at least one flight. It will have to be done in accordance with fire safety rules;
• The staircase needs to be well lit at the very beginning and at the end;
• The width of the main type of march ranges from 90 cm to 1.2 meters, and its auxiliary types range from half a meter to 80 cm;
• If the staircase has more than three flights, be sure to make a railing up to a meter high. Then the hand will rest on them comfortably. The spacing between balusters is about 10 cm;
• You need to cut the riser from 15 to 20 cm;
• The width of the riser is 24-30 cm;
• In the main flight, the slope is maintained from 24 to 45 degrees, and 60-degree structures are permissible only in basements or attics;
• All doors that open onto the stairs affect the width of the door leaf at the entrance, taking into account the size of the owner's feet. The opening is considered so that the hand when opening should not touch the jamb.

How to calculate a staircase?

The calculation is made based on the size of the step, which is on average 0.63 m. The production of the bowstring in the calculations is taken as the depth of each foot, to which the value of its two heights is added, which gives 0.66 m. It is recommended that the owner measure his step to improve comfort. Ideally, the height of the step is from 15 to 20 cm, and the angle of inclination is from 30 to 40 degrees.

The manufacturing parameters of the support beam directly depend on the dimensions of the staircase. The thickness of the support beam with a width of 0.9 m must be at least 0.04 m, while the grooves must be made at a level of three centimeters.

To make the correct angle of inclination of the stairs, you need exact values ​​for the width and height of the steps, which can be taken from the distance and width of the grooves. The width of the beam is 27.5 centimeters, which is due to the minimum space of 5 cm under and above the step. When counting steps with your own hands, take into account that the last step is the beginning of the second floor, which affects the total number.

You can cut and fasten steps for bowstring stairs taking into account the reference line using the closed insertion method. If it is not there, then the grooves remain open. With a reference line, you don’t have to make a cut-in by using overlays or metal corners. The reference line is a marking line along the edge of the supporting beam.

It is marked by hand, retreating 5 cm from the edge. If the marking is carried out in your own opinion without the participation of a professional, you need to monitor the mirror arrangement of the grooves. In some cases, the distance can be changed by 3 cm. The grooves need to be cut after all the markings have been applied; to do this, the template is moved along the edge of the bowstring using guides.

Options for attaching steps to the string

Making a bowstring from solid wood or glued bars requires cutting grooves across the grain of the wood. By cutting out recesses using a stencil with a router, you can save a lot of time, but it is also possible to cut them manually in several passes. After sawing and cutting, all grooves are treated to remove dust and debris, and glue is applied. This procedure will rid the structure of creaking and noise that may disturb the home.

Making your own bowstring for the stairs

To make a staircase, you need to calculate it, purchase the material, mark it, cut out the parts, cut the solid mass and cut down the grooves for attaching the steps. Using your drawing of the bowstring, you need to apply markings with a router. To prevent your hand from shaking, it is better to fix the future groove with devices.

1. The staircase is installed so that the string on both sides is adjacent to the ceiling and the base area;
2. A stencil is prepared to fill the grooves. It’s easy to make - the bars are attached parallel to the edge of the lamella edge. The distance is maintained, after which the stencil is moved along to apply the reference line. To cut a stencil with a router, the template is aligned with the support line, and a dotted line is applied to the sides of the tread;
3. Using a jigsaw or a drill, make holes that are slightly larger than the calculated dimensions. The string is laid and markings are applied through a stencil. The grooves are cut out with a milling cutter, after which they go through the corners with a chisel;
4. The march is assembled lying on its side, with the supporting beam at the bottom. A line for the riser is drawn inside the top step;
5. Using your tool, you need to mark a dotted line connecting the edges of the frieze tread to the baseboard. This size is usually about 7 cm;
6. The top riser is removed. It is necessary to file the workpiece along the existing guides;
7. Parallel to the floor, a beam is cut down in the lower part. Before installing the upper support, a recess must be made to attach the rack to the top of the ceiling;
8. The manufactured ladder is fastened with tongues to the racks; prefabricated grooves are required;
9. To increase the reliability of fixation, the march is attached to the beams with screws. The ladder is attached to the wall using a bowstring.

Stairs are an important and responsible attribute in every home. They must provide comfort, reliability and safety for every resident. It is desirable that the staircase structure takes up little space in its area. And in order for it to meet all standards, it must be designed correctly.

How to calculate a staircase: the basics

The most common material for making staircases is wood. It is considered the “warmest” and most pliable material, which should be worked with very carefully. The most common types of wood are beech, oak, ash, birch, larch and pine.

To make calculations for any type of stairs, you must first determine three sizes. First, you need to determine the level of the finished floor and then measure the height of the structure along the wall from it. Secondly, its length should be measured, starting from the wall and ending with the expected completion of the span. And thirdly, you need to find the length of the flight of stairs using the Pythagorean theorem. In this case, the lengths of the legs are the found dimensions of the height and length of the staircase; in this case, you need to find the hypotenuse of the resulting right triangle, i.e. march length.

To make it comfortable to walk on the stairs, the depth of the steps should be about 30 cm, and the height should be about 16 cm.

Knowing the dimensions of the steps, you need to divide the length of the flight of stairs by these dimensions, and you will get their number.

For convenience, you need a width of at least 80-90 cm. If it is intended for household purposes, i.e. leads to the basement, then it is better to make it about 120 cm. If the structure is directed to the attic room, then it can be made narrower, about 70-80 cm.

Should be 40-45°. The most comfortable is the staircase design, which is inclined at an angle of 45 °. But due to the fact that it takes up a lot of space, it is rarely used in construction. You can also choose an acute angle of inclination of 30-36 °, especially since such a design will take up no more than two meters on the floor. It will be convenient to climb up this installation, but you can only go down backwards due to the steepness of the inclined descent.

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Calculation of stairs

Required:

• selected low-knot wood for bowstring.

Let's take a closer look at how to make the calculation correctly. Any staircase structure consists of flights and landings. It is important that the width of the platforms is not less than the width of the march. Marches consist of steps and load-bearing beams, which are called bowstrings or stringers. They are made from thick and wide boards, the cross-section of which is 80-100x200-250 mm, or they are made from two narrower boards.

The steps consist of treads and risers, the width of which must be correctly calculated. The steepness of the stairs, as well as the ease of walking along them, is determined by the ratio of their sizes. It is necessary that the person’s foot fully stands on the tread, i.e. this is on average about 30 cm, and the average step length was 60-70 cm, which means that the height of the riser is 14-16 cm. In this case, the following formula for calculation applies: the sum of two risers plus the width of the tread is equal to the length of the average step of a person. Considering the tread thickness is 3 cm, it turns out that one step takes up 30 cm horizontally and 15-18 cm vertically.

The obtained figures are necessary to calculate the stairs for the house correctly. Let's give an example: if the height between the first and second floors is 3 meters, and one step measures 30 cm by 15-18 cm, then you get 17-20 risers. In this case, the last step is the floor on the second floor. Next, you need to divide the lifting height of the staircase structure by an integer in this range. It is better if it is even, and you get the exact height of the step, consisting of the thickness of the tread and the width of the riser. Let's say you need to make 18 steps, then the height of the step will be equal to 300:18 = 16.7 cm. This design should be divided into two flights of stairs and be sure to do it with a twist.

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How to make a turn correctly

The staircase structure can be turned in three ways. One of them is for a spiral staircase, which is one big turn. It is very compact and takes up little space, but has a fairly large steepness. Since in one 360° revolution the staircase must rise at least two meters, the flight must have from 13 to 15 steps. Due to the design, the width of the tread should be small, so the steps of the spiral staircase are narrow and high. It is best installed either in the attic or in a utility room.

Marching stairs need to be rotated 90° or 180° using platforms, or you can use special steps in the form of a trapezoid. A horizontal landing is arranged if the space allows. This staircase consists of straight elements and has a classic look. You can make a window on the site itself, which will add elegance and additional lighting during the day. If this is not possible, then the rotation of the staircase structure must be done directly by steps. In this case, in a certain place, maybe not in the middle, you should start installing treads in the form of a trapezoid, which set the rotation of the staircase by 15 ° or 30 ° for each step. As a result, they rotate it to the desired angle.