List of created people. Little-known people who changed the world

History is full of people who changed the world, for better or worse. However, for various reasons, they often went unnoticed and were rarely talked about, or worse, completely forgotten. Here are ten people who have had a profound impact on the world.

1. Herschel Grynszpan

17-year-old Herschel Grynszpan was a German Jew who moved to France after the Nazis came to power. On November 7, 1938, he bought a pistol and a box of cartridges, and then went to the German embassy, ​​approached Nazi diplomat Ernst vom Rath and shot him 5 times. Fom Rath died two days later.

On the day of his death, Joseph Goebbels gave a speech and used this assassination attempt as evidence of the danger of the Jews. This speech led directly to Kristallnacht, also known as the “Night of Broken Glass.” That night, 200 synagogues were destroyed, many Jewish businesses were robbed, 100 Jews were killed and over 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Many historians consider Kristallnacht to be the beginning of the Holocaust.

As for Grynszpan, he was arrested and held by the French. After the Germans captured France in June 1940, he was sent to Germany for interrogation by the Gestapo. No one knows exactly what happened to him afterwards, and for many decades many thought he died in a concentration camp. But in 2016, one historian found a photograph in the archives of the Jewish Museum in Vienna that depicted a man similar to Grynszpan. The photo was taken in a displaced persons camp in 1946. However, this was not confirmed and his real fate is still unknown.

2. Abraham Flexner

In 1908, Abraham Flexner, founder and director of Louisville Preparatory College, Kentucky, published The American College: A Critique, which contained suggestions and criticisms of American college education. It attracted the attention of the Carnegie Endowment, which commissioned Flexner to review 155 medical colleges in the USA and Canada.

The result of his research was the Flexner Report, which had great influence on medical colleges. In particular, Flexner recommended reducing the volume of lectures and expanding practice. He also believed that many colleges were in poor condition and recommended closing two-thirds of them. Over 25 years, the number of medical colleges fell from 155 to 66. Most of them were closed on Flexner's advice. Ultimately, all his proposals were accepted, which laid the foundation for the modern school of medicine.

3. Malcolm McLean

Malcolm McLean was born into a farming family in North Carolina in 1914. During the Great Depression, he opened a small trucking company. McLean was always struck by the inefficient handling of cargo in commercial ports, where goods were first unloaded from ships and then loaded onto trucks. In his opinion, it would be better to simply move the containers from the ship to the truck.

McLean decided to implement his idea in the 1950s. He sold his share in motor transport company, which then had 1,700 trucks, for $6 million, and then took out a bank loan for $42 million (other sources say $500 million). He bought two old oil tankers and used the remaining money to refurbish them and build docking and repair facilities in Newark, New Jersey. When completed in April 1956, his tanker was 9 meters long and could hold 58 boxes.

McLean's shipping containers caught on because they were much more efficient and saved money. In addition, the containers were hermetically sealed, making it difficult to steal goods from trucks. Soon other ports were converted to use shipping containers, and within 40 years the latter had become the norm. In 1996, about 90% of all goods were transported in shipping containers on specially equipped ships.

McLean sold his stake in the ocean freight company for $160 million in 1969. After that he did different things, but most spent time on his pig farm, where he worked until his death in 2001.

4. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky

Psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky met at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the 1960s. Between 1971 and 1979, their joint and very important work focused on two topics - judgment and decision making.

In particular, Kahneman and Tversky found that people do not think like statisticians. Even professional statisticians don't think like logical statisticians when it comes to judgment and decision making. In fact, people respond to so-called heuristics, which are shortcuts our brains develop that force us to focus on only one aspect of complex problems. They initially identified three such heuristics, but other heuristics were discovered in subsequent years.

One of the heuristics they identified is accessibility. Example: Which is more common in the US, suicide by handgun or murder by handgun? Even though suicide is more common, many people think that gun murder is more common. This is because when people think of death by gun, they think of murder by gun because they are often in the news, but suicide by gun is rarely thought of.

In 1979, Kahneman and Tversky published Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Making under Risk, which revolutionized the world of behavioral economics and changed the social sciences forever. In 2002, Kahneman received the Nobel Prize in Economics, which he would no doubt have shared with Tversky, but unfortunately he died of metastatic melanoma in June 1996.

5. Dietrich Eckart

Dietrich Eckart was one of the founders of the German Workers' Party. He was an implacable opponent of the Treaty of Versailles and blamed Jews and Social Democrats for Germany's defeat in the First World War.

A few months before meeting Hitler, Eckart wrote a poem in which he meets a man he calls “the great,” “the nameless,” and “the one whom everyone can feel but no one sees.” When Hitler met Eckart after one of his speeches, Eckart felt that he had found his “German messiah.” He helped Hitler reveal himself and taught him to use his charisma. Eckart also introduced Hitler into influential circles, which allowed the latter to raise money for the German Workers' Party.

In 1920, the party that Eckart co-founded was led by his handpicked men, who renamed it the National Socialist German Workers' Party, better known as the Nazi Party.

On November 9, 1923, Eckart took part in an unsuccessful coup attempt known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He was arrested but soon released because he was heavily dependent on morphine. He died a few weeks later, on November 26, 1923.

Hitler dedicated a volume of his book “Mein Kampf” to Eckart, in which he calls him a “fatherly friend”, and also named the stadium where summer sports were held after him. Olympic Games 1936.

6. Hedy Lamarr

In the 30s and 40s of the last century, Hedy Lamarr starred in several well-known films, including "Noisy City" with Clark Gable in leading role and Samson and Delilah, starring Victor Mature. However, she didn't change the world because she starred in a number of old films. In fact, it was her hobby that changed the world. In her free time, she was involved in invention.

In 1942, at the peak of her acting career, Lamarr wanted to take part in the war. In particular, she wanted to help the Allies develop a communications system whose signals could not be intercepted. So she, along with her friend, composer George Antheil, patented a device called a “secret communication system.” This system could change radio frequencies in a pre-programmed manner. If someone was listening in, they could only hear short snippets of messages before switching to another frequency. Ultimately, the military did not use this system. But many years later, Lamarr and Antheil's invention became very important because it was cheap and effective way security in new technologies such as military communications, cell phones and Wi-Fi.

As for Lamarr, her acting career began to decline in the 50s, and her last film was released in 1958. She died at the age of 86 on January 19, 2000.

7. Dennis Ritchie

Dennis Ritchie, who was born in September 1941, received degrees in physics and applied mathematics from Harvard University and then took a job at Bell Lab in Murray Hill, New Jersey. In the mid-60s, Ritchie worked on Multics ("Multiplex Information and Computing Service"), which was a joint project between Bell Lab, General Electric and MIT. Bell Lab withdrew from the project in 1969.

The problem with Multics was that the operating system was too complex. So Ritchie, along with his partner Ken Thomson, decided to create a simpler operating system smaller size, which they called Unix. Then, to make this operating system run quickly and efficiently, Ritchie developed the C programming language, which was based on a never-before-used programming language called CPL (Combined Programming Language), jointly developed by the Universities of Cambridge and the University of London in 1964.

Ritchie and Thomson provided the Unix operating system free of charge to universities, which trained future programmers using it. Steve Jobs was one of the fans of Unix. He used it after starting Apple, and when he was fired in 1985, he used it to develop his NeXT workstation.

Ritchie died on October 12, 2011, exactly one week after the death of Steve Jobs. After Ritchie's death, Wired magazine called him "the shoulders on which Steve Jobs stood."

8. Percy Julian

Percy Julian was born in 1899 in Montgomery (Alabama, USA) and was the grandson of former slaves. Because he was black, he was not allowed to attend high school high school. Then he applied to DePauw University in Greencastle (Indiana, USA) and was accepted; but in order to keep up, he had to attend evening classes. He subsequently received a professorship in chemistry from the University of Vienna, which he was denied at Harvard University.

In 1935, while working at DePauw University, he made an impressive discovery. He and his partner were the first in the world to synthesize physostigmine, which is used in the treatment of glaucoma. Although many other people would have been offered a teaching position for such a discovery, Julian was black and was not given such an offer. And eventually he left academia and got a job at Glidden in Chicago, where he worked in soybeans.

There he also made a number of important discoveries. In particular, he was the first to synthesize progesterone, which helps women prevent miscarriages and is also used in the treatment of cancer. He also synthesized testosterone, which is still used in steroids today. Finally, he also managed to obtain inexpensive synthetic cortisone, which is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In total, Julian had more than 100 chemical patents.

However, despite his successes, Julian led a life of hardship and suffered great discrimination due to the color of his skin. However, he did not give up and was active in the black civil rights movement. He died in 1975.

9. Edward Bernays

Hilleman was born in Montana in 1919 and received his PhD in microbiology from the University of Chicago in 1944. After graduating from university, he went to work as a researcher at E.R. Squibb & Sons, where he developed his first vaccine, which was used to protect US military personnel against the Japanese B encephalitis virus.

Hilleman then worked for Merck & Co., Inc., where he developed or improved about 40 different vaccines, including chickenpox, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, meningitis, mumps and rubella. Of the 14 vaccines that are recommended for children today, 9 were developed by Hilleman. According to The New York Times, he saved more lives than any other scientist of the 20th century.

However, Hilleman did not receive Nobel Prize which he certainly deserved. Instead, in 1998, towards the end of Hilleman's life, the exact opposite happened. The respected medical journal, The Lancet, published an article by Andrew Wakefield who linked the rise in autism in the country to M.M.R., Hilleman's vaccine against meningitis, mumps and rubella. And instead of the Nobel Prize, Hilleman began receiving threatening letters by email.

In subsequent years, this article was widely criticized as there was absolutely no evidence of a link between vaccinations and the rise in autism. The Lancet retracted the article, and in 2010, Wakefield was stripped of his medical license. However, the damage had already been done.

Among the most famous people on the planet are scientists, talented directors, historical figures, politicians and unsurpassed actors. They are known in many countries. There is debate about the name of the most famous person in the world.

The most famous scientists

Scientists and outstanding scientific figures make significant contributions to science. In every field of science there are a number of especially honored, famous scientists. For example, speaking about psychology, one cannot help but recall Sigmund Freud, who was the first to bring together in practice such concepts as treatment and research. For the first time, he was able to explain human behavior in psychological terms. It was from his principles and conclusions that a comprehensive observational theory of personality was born.

Another famous psychologist is Carl Jung. While studying at the university, he specialized in psychiatry. His psychology has many followers not only among doctors, but also among philosophers.

The American physicist who first created the atomic bomb is Robert Oppenheimer. When creating it, he did not imagine that he would soon witness a considerable number of victims caused by it in Nagasaki and Hiroshima. He is considered not only the “father of the atomic bomb,” but also the discoverer of black holes in our Universe.

An outstanding design engineer whose dream was to conquer space, Sergei Korolev was the first on Earth to launch satellites, spaceships, and scientific stations into orbit around the planet. A significant biologist, thanks to whom the world learned about penicillin, is Alexander Fleming. He also owned the discovery of lysocism (or antibacterial enzyme). His discoveries are among the most important made by scientists in the twentieth century.

Andrei Kolmogorov is recognized as the most prominent mathematician of the last century. He stood at the origins of the creation of probability theory, being one of its founders. He was also able to obtain fundamental results in many areas of mathematics.

One of the most prominent chemists is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. His greatest contribution to this science is considered to be the theory of combustion phenomena. Another chemist, Mikhail Lomonosov, is recognized as the creator of such a direction in science as physical chemistry. Like Lavoisier, almost at the same time, he derived the law of conservation of mass of matter.

Most likely, there is no person who does not know anything about Albert Einstein. This physicist developed a number of physical theories and wrote almost three hundred scientific works, he is the founder of modern theoretical physics.

The list of the most famous scientists could be continued. It is quite difficult to choose among the outstanding, the most significant and those whose contribution to the development of science is greatest.

Popular actors and directors

When talking about the world of cinema and famous actors, the image of Charlie Chaplin always comes up. The image of an intellectual tramp he invented appealed to the audience and made the actor a public favorite. He acted in silent films and managed to play in eighty films.

Film lovers will name Gerard Depardieu, Johnny Depp, Al Pacino, Marlon Brando, Sean Connery and Robert De Niro among the most talented and famous actors in the world. The list of the most popular actors would not be complete without such personalities as Anthony Hopkins, Humphrey Bogarde and Jean Paul Belmondo.

The most famous Russian actors are Mikhail Boyarsky and Oleg Tabakov, Vakhtang Kikabidze and Leonid Yarmolnik, Vladimir Mashkov and Evgeny Mironov, Nikita Mikhalkov and Vyacheslav Tikhonov, as well as many others.

Speaking about Western cinema, one cannot help but recall the names of such directors as Emir Kusturica, Quentin Tarantino, James Cameron and Luc Besson. The films he made are loved in many parts of the world. Many thrillers, considered the standard, were shot by Alfred Hitchcock. This director is called nothing less than the “Master of Horror.”

Federico Fellini's films captivate the viewer with their special charming simplicity. Another famous film director is Steven Spielberg. It is recognized as the most successful and highest-grossing film in the history of cinema.

Soviet people appreciate and love the works of Stanislav Govorukhin, Vladimir Menshov, Nikita Mikhalkov, Sergei Solovyov, Andrei Konchalovsky. Modern Russian cinema is represented by films by such masters as Fyodor Bondarchuk, Valeria Gai Germanika, Svetlana Druzhinina, Timur Bekmambetov and others.

Famous politicians and historical figures

There are historical figures and politicians who influenced the course of history or left a noticeable mark on it. One of these people is Mao Zedong, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Marx. Adolf Hitler, who started a terrible war, brought a lot of suffering to people.

Franklin Roosevelt is considered the political star of America; it was he who came up with the idea of ​​​​creating the UN. The USSR became a superpower under Joseph Stalin. He led the country when it defeated Hitler. The website has an interesting article about Adolf Hitler and other most terrible people in history.

An outstanding British politician who served as Prime Minister of the country is Winston Churchill. He made history not only for Britain, but for all of Europe.

One cannot help but name Napoleon Bonaparte. In the nineteenth century, thanks to this man, France became a superpower. He is rightly called a state and military genius. In Russia, Peter the Great did a lot for its development and prosperity. He wanted life in his native country to become similar to life in Europe, in addition, he sought to expand borders and create a powerful fleet.

The most famous person in the world

There are many opinions and many disputes about who is the most famous person in the world, because of this it is impossible to give a definite answer to this question. Many people consider Jesus Christ to be such a person.

He occupies a central place in Christianity due to the fact that he is seen as the messiah prophesied in the Old Testament. People know him as an atoning sacrifice, as a person who accepted torment for the sins of people. Jesus is written about not only in the Gospel, but also in other books of the New Testament. According to theologians and religious scholars, this is a real historical figure.
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Every year gives the world more and more names of talented and truly outstanding people. Actors, doctors, pilots, scientists, athletes, etc. - their ranks are constantly replenished with talents and nuggets. Who are these people? Of course, it is impossible to list all the names, but we can highlight those who have achieved the greatest heights.

Outstanding people of our time in Russia of the 21st century

At the end of the last and beginning of this century, the world recognized many great and talented people.

Outstanding athletes of our time:

Outstanding pilots:

Outstanding actors of the 21st century:

Outstanding scientists:

• Alferov Zhores. Nobel Prize winner in physics. His scientific discoveries in the field of semiconductors formed the basis of LEDs, mobile communications, CDs and much more.
• Perelman Grigory. He proved Poincare's theory, thereby solving one of the 7 problems of the millennium.
• Oganesyan Yuri. Expands the periodic table. He independently discovered 6 more elements and several more in collaboration with other scientists.

Outstanding people of our time in the world

But it is not only in Russia that great and talented personalities are born.

Outstanding athletes of our time in the world:

Outstanding pilots:

Outstanding actors of the 21st century:

Outstanding scientists:

• Baltimore David. Nobel laureate, virologist. Working on creating a vaccine against AIDS.
• Schmidt Bra yan. The Nobel laureate, together with Riess Adam and Perlmutteris Saul, discovered black matter.

Outstanding people of our time quotes

All outstanding people have entire collections of quotes and aphorisms, because millions of people follow them, catching literally every word and analyzing all their interviews and speeches for quotes.

And, despite the fact that they often say rather trivial things and simple truths, but from their lips successful people this all sounds very convincing. Quotes from famous people They make you think and rethink a lot in your life. So, Steve Jobs’s phrase about working with your head, not 12 hours, made many people move in the right direction.

The 21st century is defined by technology. In 2000, many were paranoid about the Millennium Problem. This was our fear of losing what technology has given us over the past centuries. But technology is not the only thing that distinguishes the 21st century. It is also characterized by a phase of instability in both political and economic life. But in any case, every era is made interesting by people - those who leave a mark on the history and memory of mankind. Below is our list of the 10 most influential people of the current era.

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10

Osama bin Laden

Who would have thought that a member of a rich and famous family will become the most wanted terrorist in the world? Osama bin Laden changed people's lives in the 21st century. He forced us to rethink the concept of national security. After September 11, 2001, no one can live the way they lived before that date. The level of attention to safety has increased not only in the United States, but also in other countries.

Osama bin Laden is on our list of the 10 most influential people because of his charismatic influence among Islamic radicals. He was able to convince them of the need to attack the United States and other allies.

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9

Craig Newmark

You would never know Craig Newmark if you saw him on the street. However, this man is behind Craigslist.org, a site that has been called the “newspaper killer.” After college, Newmark worked for IBM. In the 1980s he was a programmer. In 1993, Craig moved to San Francisco, where he later created Craigslist.

What makes Craigslist such a great idea is the concept of an online commune. Here people can exchange information. Over the years, Craigslist has evolved as a designated place for people to post items they want to sell. Craig Newmark is still working on the problem of fighting spammers. He also created the site Craigconnects, which is aimed at charities.

His net income was $400 million in 2010. He is also involved in other ventures, including funding NewAssignment.net, a website that aims to investigate stories published on the Internet.

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8

Noam Chomsky

Historian, philologist, social critic and political activist, Noam Chomsky made our list of the 10 most influential people of the 21st century because of his knowledge regarding global politics and economics. He is the author of more than 100 books and a former professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ideologically he can be classified as an anarcho-syndicalist and socialist.

He criticizes the American foreign policy towards open markets and dominance over the economies of weaker countries. The purpose of his research is to form in people a negative image of imperialism, which is inherent not only in the United States, but also in other countries. He also stated his opposition to international institutions such as the IMF, the World Bank and the GATT.

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7

Mark Zuckerberg

This is one of the founders of Facebook. He is also a well-known internet entrepreneur and philanthropist. Without graduating from Harvard, he was able to turn the World Wide Web around.

Today, Facebook has billions of profiles around the world. It is used not only as a tool for communication, but also for business. Over the years, Facebook has been changing its algorithms to be more than just a tool for you to connect with your friends. Even though some people don't like the changes, Facebook is still the biggest player among others. social networks.

As of May 2016, Mark Zuckerberg's net worth reached $51 billion. He was included in Time magazine's list of the most influential people. But, of course, Facebook has its drawbacks, especially with regard to privacy and political issues.

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6

Tony Blair

Tony Blair served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1997 to 2007. He is the only prime minister to be elected for three consecutive terms. Tony Blair is known for his strong response to

threats of terrorism. He ordered British troops to begin hostilities five times during his term of office.

Tony Blair is also known for his ties to George W. Bush after 2001. This extraordinary man was a key player during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He believed that the world was safer because of this invasion. The militaristic approach to leadership also led to the decline of his political career. With the increasing number of British casualties, Tony Blair was forced to resign as his popularity waned as a result of these events.

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5

Steve Jobs

Everyone knows the name of this man. This is a cult personality. A renowned innovator and pop culture superstar, he is the face of modern technology.

Why was Steve Jobs included in the list of the 10 most influential people of the 21st century? Because his company, Apple, has revolutionized our daily lives. He was able to introduce technology that changed our habits and daily routines.

Steve Jobs was one of the founders of Apple. He was the owner of the Pixar animation studio. Steve Jobs was known for his ability to create innovations that became a part of everyone's lives. Among the things he invented were the very first personal computer, the iPhone, and the iPad.

But this is not the only legacy he left us. To this day, Apple remains a leader in technology. It is his culture of excellence and innovation that he brought to the company that has made him one of the most influential people in the world.

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4

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

Sergey Brin and Larry Page founded Google, the largest search engine of our time. Google has changed its approach to information. Brin's fortune is $39 billion, Larry Page's is $36.7 billion.

What has made Google what it is today is its ability to adapt to a changing world. These people were able to update the search engine algorithm so that the order of websites on search result pages changed. In the past, Google's algorithm simply looked at backlinks to rank a website and determine its ranking. Nowadays, there are several factors including social media signals, grammar and backlinks. This has made Google the number one search engine on which you can advertise your website.

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3

Bill Gates

Bill Gates is known to everyone as the richest man on earth. He is one of the founders of Microsoft. It eventually became the world's largest IT company. Currently, Bill Gates' assets are estimated at $76.4 billion. He is also often criticized for anti-competitive business practices.

The amazing thing is that Bill Gates never forgets to share and help people. He is a very famous philanthropist. His donations include large sums of money for various scientific endeavors. He and his wife created the most powerful charitable foundation. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was valued at $34.6 billion. They are the second most generous philanthropists in the US with $28 billion in charitable giving.

Their charitable foundation supports various scientific projects, including the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture. Another amazing thing that sets Bill Gates apart is his ability to influence people like Mark Zuckerberg and Warren Buffett. Together they signed a pledge in which they pledged to give half of their total assets to charity.

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2

Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Putin is on this list of the most influential people as he is the only political leader of Russia. Since 1999, he has been the Prime Minister of Russia and from 2012 to the present - the President of Russia. Putin is a very colorful political player. Former KGB agent, Vladimir Putin has a black belt in judo.

During Putin's rule, Russia has significantly improved its economic situation since the early 2000s, which is largely dependent on oil and gas exports. The country has become the 7th largest economy in the world. In addition, thanks to oil reserves, Vladimir Putin was able to fully repay the Soviet Union's debt by 2005.

But since the beginning of 2014, with the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin has become an object of concern for many other political leaders. Developed Western countries have imposed sanctions against the regime of Vladimir Putin, considering him a threat to the world. But this fact in no way diminishes the position of the leader of the Russian Federation in his influence in the world.

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1

Barack Obama

Next on our list of the 10 most influential people is US President Barack Obama. This is the first black US president. Unlike other presidents, Barack Obama's electoral success was significant not only for the African-American community, but for all minorities in the United States. He is also the first American president to be born outside the continental United States.

In 2009, Barack Obama received the Nobel Peace Prize. He faced one of the biggest economic problems during the 2008 recession. Was able to implement laws that allowed the US economy to recover.

During his term, Osama bin Laden was killed. Re-elected to a second term in 2012, defeating Romney, Barack Obama called for inclusiveness for the LGBT community. He is also the first US president in several decades to normalize relations with Cuba.

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Conclusion

This was an article TOP 10 Most Influential People of the 21st Century. Thank you for your attention!

Saturday, September 30, 2017 18:53 + to quote book

One hundred living geniuses- a list compiled by the consulting company Creators Synectics and published by the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph on October 28, 2007.

The initial basis of the list was compiled through a survey: by email, 4,000 Britons were asked to name 10 contemporaries they considered geniuses, whose merits turned out to be the most valuable for humanity. Around 600 responses were received, naming around 1,100 people (of which two thirds were from the UK and US).

The firm emailed 4,000 Britons, asking each to name up to 10 living candidates for the title of genius. As a result, 1100 names were obtained. The commission then compiled a list out of 100 people, who were assessed by five parameters - contribution to changing the system of beliefs, social recognition, intellectual power, value of scientific achievements and cultural significance. As a result, Albert Hofmann and Tim Berners-Lee, who shared first place, received 27 points out of a possible 50.

"Saint Hofmann" - painting by Alex Gray

Almost quarter included in the list" 100 living geniuses"made up British. Per share Americans have to 43 places on the list. Which is not surprising, since they were not interviewing Chinese or Russians.
Nevertheless, three Russians also found a place on the list. These are Perelman, Kasparov and Kalashnikov. One even managed to get into the top ten.

100 most brilliant people of our time
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/One hundred_living_geniuses

So here is this List. Top 10 first!

1-2.Tim Berners-Lee, Great Britain. Computer Scientist


An Oxford graduate and computer scientist, he is the author of the HTTP protocol and the HTML language.
In 1989 Berners-Lee offered a global hypertext project that laid the foundation for the creation of the World Wide Web, the Internet!

3. George Soros, USA. Investor and philanthropist
An outstanding financier and speculator, whose enormous resources allowed him to organize a number of attacks on the national currencies of Great Britain and Asian countries.


Recently he retired from business and is actively involved in charitable activities through the Open Society organization and charitable foundations in 25 countries.

4.Matt Groening, USA. Satirist and cartoonist
Author and producer, became famous thanks to the satirical animated series “The Simpsons” and “Futurama”.


The Simpson family and the fictional town of Springfield first appeared on television in 1987. Since then, the popularity of the series has not waned, and in 2007 a full-length version of the cartoon was released on movie screens.

5-6. Nelson Mandela, South Africa. Politician and diplomat


Human rights fighter, Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1993, fought for a long time at the head of the African National Congress against apartheid in South Africa, and spent 28 years in prison. From 1994 to 1999 he served as president of the country. Currently actively supports the fight against AIDS.

Frederick Sanger, Great Britain. Chemist
Graduate of Cambridge University, biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate.

He is known for his work on insulin, which made it possible to obtain it synthetically, and for his research in the field of DNA.

Dario Fo, Italy. Writer and playwright


Theater figure, winner of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature. In his work he combined propaganda satire with the traditions of medieval theater. Author of the works "Mystery Bouffe" (1969), "Accidental Death of an Anarchist" (1970), "Knock Knock! Who's There? Police" (1974), "If you can't pay, don't pay" (1981).

Stephen Hawking, Great Britain. Physicist
One of the most famous theoretical physicists of our time, a specialist in cosmology and quantum gravity.


Being practically paralyzed, Hawking continues to engage in scientific and popularization activities. Bestselling author " Short story time".

Oscar Niemeyer, Brazil. Architect
One of the founders of the modern Brazilian school of architecture, a pioneer of reinforced concrete construction.


Since 1957, he carried out the construction of the new capital of the country - the city of Brazil, and participated in the design of the UN headquarters in New York.

Philip Glass, USA. Composer


Minimalist composer, performer. He became known to the general public after creating the soundtrack for Godfrey Reggio's film "Koyaniskazzi". He also wrote music for the films “The Truman Show”, “The Illusionist”, “The Hours”, and music for the opening of the 2004 Olympics in Athens.

Grigory Perelman, Russia. Mathematician


Scientist from St. Petersburg proved the Poincaré conjecture, formulated back in 1904. His discovery was considered the most significant scientific achievement 2006. Despite this, the reclusive Russian refused the million-dollar prize and the highest award in the mathematical world - Fields's awards.
…………
And the rest of the geniuses:

12-14. Andrew Wiles (mathematician, UK) - proved Fermat's Last Theorem - 20
12-14. Li Hongzhi (spiritual leader, China) - Created the religious organization “Falun Gong” - a mixture of Buddhism and Taoism with elements of qigong health gymnastics.
12-14. Ali Javan (engineer, Iran) - Engineer, one of the creators of the world's first gas laser using a mixture of helium and neon.

15-17. Brian Eno (composer, UK) -19 Invented ambient - a musical genre with elements of jazz, new age, electronic music, rock, reggae, ethnic music and noise. 19
15-17. Damien Hirst (artist, UK) - One of the most expensive painters of our time. Death is a central theme in his works. The most famous series is Natural History: dead animals in formaldehyde.
15-17. Daniel Tammet (savant and linguist, UK) - Encyclopedist and linguist works with numbers faster than a computer. You can learn any foreign language in a few hours.

18. Nicholson Baker (writer, USA) - A novelist whose writing focuses on the narrator's flow of thought.
19. Daniel Barenboim (musician, Israel) - 17 Pianist and conductor. He has received many awards, including for various recordings.
20-24. Robert Crumb (writer and artist, USA) - 16 Greeting card artist, music connoisseur. He gained worldwide fame for his underground comics.
20-24. Richard Dawkins (biologist and philosopher, UK) - 16 Leading evolutionary biologist. The terms that first appeared in his books became widespread.
20-24. Sergey Brin and Larry Page (founders of Google, USA) - 16
20-24. Rupert Murdoch (publisher and media tycoon, USA) - 16 Founder and head of News Corporation. Under his control are media, film companies and book publishing houses in the USA, Great Britain, Australia and other countries.
20-24. Geoffrey Hill (poet, UK) - 16 Poet, translator. He became famous for his unusual “corporate” style - the language of advertising, mass media and political “rhetoric”.

25. Garry Kasparov (chess player, Russia) - 15
Garry Kimovich Kasparov is considered one of the strongest chess players of all time.


At 22, he became the youngest world champion in history and defended the title several times. In 2005, the grandmaster announced the completion sports career and became involved in social and political activities. Currently he heads the United Civil Front organization and criticizes the current Russian government and president.
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26-30. Dalai Lama (spiritual leader, Tibet) – 14
A spiritual leader who, according to legend, is the reincarnation of the endless suffering of all Buddhas. Combines the title of king and head of Tibetan Buddhism.

26-30. Steven Spielberg (film director, screenwriter and producer, USA) - 14
Director, producer, screenwriter. At the age of 12, he won an amateur film competition, presenting a 40-minute film about the war, “Escape to Nowhere” (1960).

26-30. Hiroshi Ishiguro (robotician, Japan) – 14
Roboticist. Created a robot guide for the blind. In 2004 presented the most perfect android, similar to a person. Known as one of the creators of the Aktroid, Geminoid, Kodomoroid, Telenoid series of robots.

One of the versions of these robots completely replicates the appearance of the creator himself and replaces him during lectures.

26-30. Robert Edwards (physiologist, UK) – 14
Robert Edwards (Great Britain). In 1977, he was the first in the world to carry out fertilization of human germ cells outside the body and transfer the resulting embryo to the future mother. Louise Brown was born 9 months later
26-30. Seamus Heaney (poet, Ireland) - 14
Each of the poet's books became a bestseller. In 1995 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature

31. Harold Pinter (writer and playwright, UK) - 13
In his performances, the actors use colloquial vocabulary and play tramps and hard workers.
32-39. Flossie Wong-Staal (biotechnologist, China) - 12
Biologist-virologist. She became the first researcher to decipher the structure of the immune deficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.

32-39. Robert Fischer (chess player, USA) - 12


Bobby Fischer, at age 14, became the youngest US chess champion in the country's history.
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32-39. Prince (singer, USA) - 12 The Western press called the singer the most unsinkable musician in history. For more than 20 years, his songs have enjoyed constant popularity.
32-39. Henryk Górecki (composer, Poland) - 12 Known for his unique style of music, which critics call vitally explosive.
32-39. Noam Chomsky (philosopher and linguist, USA) - 12 Philologist and linguist. His father was a Jew of Ukrainian descent.
32-39. Sebastian Thrun (robotician, Germany) - 12 Created unmanned vehicles that reached speeds of up to 60 km/h.

32-39. Nima Arkani-Hamed (physicist, Canada) - 12th Physicist. He states that our three-dimensional island-universe floats inside the fourth dimension, commensurate with the macrocosm
32-39. Margaret Turnbull (astrobiologist, USA) - 12
Studies the principles of the birth of stars, galaxies and universes.
40-42. Elaine Pagels (historian, USA) - 11 Historian - author of books on alternative scriptures rejected by the church. The most famous is the Gnostic Gospels.
40-42. Enrique Ostrea (doctor, Philippines) - 11 Pediatrician and neonatologist. Known for many studies, in particular how drugs and alcohol affect the baby in the womb.
40-42. Gary Becker (economist, USA) - 11
Economist. Advocates investment in human capital
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43-48. Muhammad Ali (boxer, USA) - 10
One of the most famous boxers in the history of the sport. I came up with the tactical scheme “Float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.”

43-48. Osama bin Laden (Islamist, Saudi Arabia) - 10 Leader of the Islamic terrorist organization Al-Qaeda. Terrorist #1 in the world. The reward on his head exceeded $50 million.

43-48. Bill Gates (creator of Microsoft Corporation, USA) - 10 Richest person on Earth.

43-48. Philip Roth (writer, USA) - 10 Received the most prestigious awards in America, including the Pulitzer. His novel The Plot Against America became a bestseller.
43-48. James West (physicist, USA) - 10 Inventor of the electret condenser microphone, which does not require a voltage source.
43-48. Vo Dinh Tuan (biologist and physician, Vietnam) - 10 Invented several diagnostic devices (in particular, an optical scanner) capable of detecting DNA damage.
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49-57. Brian Wilson (musician, USA) - 9
The genius of rock music. He led the Beach Boys until he became addicted to drugs. But he managed to overcome his addiction.
49-57. Stevie Wonder (singer and composer, USA) - 9 Singer and songwriter, blind from birth. At the age of 10 he signed his first music contract, and at 12 he released his debut album.
49-57. Vinton Cerf (Internet protocol developer, USA) - 9 Computer scientist. One of the “fathers” of the Internet.

49-57. Henry Kissinger (diplomat and politician, USA) - 9 Winner of the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for his unquestioned authority in the field of international relations.

49-57. Richard Branson (businessman, UK) - 9 Billionaire, founder of the Virgin corporation. Known for his repeated attempts to break world speed records.
49-57. Pardis Sabeti (geneticist, anthropologist, Iran) - 9 Received a degree in biology with a PhD in anthropology at Oxford. Specializes in genetics.
49-57. John de Mol (media magnate, Netherlands) - 9 Producer, TV magnate. He came up with the idea of ​​​​creating the most popular reality show “Big Brother”.
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49-57. Meryl Streep (actress, USA) - 9


Hollywood calls her the best actress of her generation. She was nominated for an Oscar 12 times and received two gold statuettes.

49-57. Margaret Atwood (writer, Canada) - 9 Invented electronic device LongPen, which allows her to sign copies of her books from the comfort of her home.
58-66. Placido Domingo (opera singer, Spain) - 8 World famous opera tenor. He is fluent in conducting and piano.
58-66. John Lasseter (animator, USA) is the creative leader of Pixar studio. He is called a solitary artist, and his style is compared to the late Walt Disney.
58-66. Shunpei Yamazaki (computer monitor developer, Japan) - 8 Computer scientist and physicist. The most prolific inventor in history- owner of more 1700 patents!

58-66. Jane Goodall (anthropologist, UK) - 8 Ethologist, primatologist and anthropologist. After living with mountain gorillas for several years, she became the founder of an original method for studying the life of chimpanzees.
58-66. Kirti Narayan Chowdhury (historian, India) - 8 Historian, writer and graphic artist. He is the only historian from South Asia to be accepted into the British Academy.
58-66. John Goto (photographer, UK) - 8 Photographer. He was the first to use Photoshop to process his photographs.
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58-66. Paul McCartney (musician, UK) – 8

Rock musician, singer and composer, one of the founders of The Beatles. Wrote the most commercially successful single Hey Jude and the hit Yesterday.

58-66. Stephen King (writer, USA) - 8 Writer, works in the genres: horror, thriller, fantasy, mysticism. The universally recognized “king of horror.”

58-66. Leonard Cohen (poet and musician, Canada) - 8 Patriarch of folk rock. He published several novels and poetry collections, earning a strong literary name
67-71. Aretha Franklin (singer, USA) - 7 Black singer. She is called the "Queen of Soul". She has released two dozen records and received two Grammy awards.
67-71. David Bowie (musician, UK) - 7 Rock musician, producer, audio engineer, composer, artist, actor. Became famous in the 1970s with the advent of glam rock.
67-71. Emily Oster (economist, USA) - 7 Became the first researcher to compare data on the persecution of witches with weather conditions in the 16th and 17th centuries.

67-71. Stephen Wozniak (computer developer, co-founder of Apple, USA) - 7


Considered one of the fathers of the personal computer revolution.

67-71. Martin Cooper (engineer, inventor of the cell phone, USA) - 7

In 1973, the first call was made from the streets of New York.
But mobile phones only became truly widespread in 1990 year.

72-82. George Lucas (director, USA) - 6 He directed the television epic "Star Wars". Fans around the world still live by the principles underlying the fictional Jedi philosophy.
72-82. Nile Rodgers (musician, USA) - 6 Elite studio musician. This black guitarist, composer and producer is considered a master of disco-pop.
72-82. Hans Zimmer (composer, Germany) - 6 Known for his music for many films, for example, Rain Man. He was the first to use a combination of orchestral and electronic music.

72-82. John Williams (composer, USA) - 6 Five-time Oscar winner. He wrote music for the films “Jaws”, Superman”, “Jurassic Park”, “Star Wars”, “Harry Potter” and others.
72-82. Annette Beyer (philosopher, New Zealand) - 6 Made significant contributions to the development of feminist philosophy.
72-82. Dorothy Rowe (psychologist, Australia) - 6 Gives an explanation of depression and shows how to get out of this condition: “Take your life into your own hands!”
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72-82. Ivan Marchuk (artist, sculptor, Ukraine) - 6 Created a unique style of painting - weaving.

72-82. Robin Escovado (composer, USA) - 6 Supporter of the French school. In recent decades, he wrote music exclusively for the choir chapel.
72-82. Mark Dean (computer developer, USA) - 6 Invented a device that made it possible to control a modem and a printer at the same time.
72-82. Rick Rubin (musician and producer, USA) - 6 Co-owner of Columbia Records. MTV named him the most powerful producer of the last 20 years.
72-82. Stan Lee (writer, publisher, USA) - 6 Publisher and lead writer of Marvel Comics magazine. Laid the beginning of the X-Men comic book series.

83-90. David Warren (engineer, Australia) - 5 Created the world's first emergency operational flight information recorder, the so-called black box for aircraft.
83-90. Jun Fosse (writer, playwright, Norway) - 5 He became famous after writing the play “And We Will Never Separate.”
83-90. Gertrude Schnakenberg (poet, USA) - 5 Representative of the feminist movement in modern poetry. Writes about universal human values.

83-90. Graham Linehan (writer, playwright, Ireland) - 5 Wrote scripts for many television comedies. Known as the screenwriter of the TV series Father Ted.
83-90. JK Rowling (writer, UK) - 5 Children's writer, author of the Harry Potter novels. They brought her worldwide fame and a fortune of $1 billion.