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Snip sh 10 75 updated edition. Open flat areas and sports facilities

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS FOR CONSTRUCTION (Gosstroy USSR)

BUILDING REGULATIONS

RULES FOR PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Landscaping

Approved by Resolution of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction Affairs dated September 25, 1975 No. 158

MOSCOW, STROYIZDAT. 1979

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter must be observed during the production and acceptance of territory improvement work, including preparing them for development, working with plant soil, constructing intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, playgrounds, fences, open planar sports facilities, equipping recreation areas and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sites for housing, civil, cultural, domestic and industrial production purposes.

1.2. Work on landscaping must be carried out in accordance with working drawings in compliance with the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this chapter and work projects.

1.3. Work on preparing the territory should begin with marking the places for collecting and embanking plant soil, as well as places for replanting plants that will be used for landscaping the territory.

1.4. The construction of various types of coatings for intra-block driveways, sidewalks and platforms is allowed on any stable underlying soils, the bearing capacity of which changes under the influence of natural factors by no more than 20%.

1.5. As underlying soils, it is allowed to use draining and non-draining sandy, sandy loam and clayey soils of all varieties, as well as slag, ash and slag mixtures and inorganic construction waste. The possibility of using soils as a subsurface must be indicated in the project and confirmed by a construction laboratory.

1.6. Vegetable soil to be removed from built-up areas must be cut off, moved to specially designated areas and stored. When working with plant soil, it should be protected from mixing with the underlying non-vegetative soil, from contamination, erosion and weathering.

Vegetable soil used for landscaping areas, depending on the climatic subregions, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the earth to a depth:

7-20 cm - for podzolic soils in climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January minus 28 ° C and below, July - ± 0 ° C and above, severe long winters with a snow cover height of up to 1.2 m and permafrost soils. Permafrost soil should be harvested in the summer as it thaws and moved to dumps near roads for subsequent removal;

up to 25 cm - for brown earth and gray earth soils in climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January minus 15° C and above and in July +25° C and above, with hot sunny summers, a short winter period and subsiding soils;

7-20 cm - on podzolic soils and 60-80 cm - on chestnut and chernozem soils of other climatic subregions.

The thickness of the spread uncompacted layer of plant soil should be at least 15 cm for podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subregions.

1.7. The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be determined by laboratory tests.

Improving the mechanical composition of plant soil should be carried out by introducing additives (sand, peat, lime, etc.) when spreading plant soil by mixing the soil and additives two or three times,

Improving the fertility of plant soil should be done by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers into the top layer of plant soil when spreading it.

1.8. After removing the plant soil, drainage from the entire surface of the construction site must be ensured.

1.9. When working with soil, the following loosening values should be taken into account: vegetable soil, sands with a particle size modulus of less than 2 and cohesive soils - 1.35; soil mixtures, sands with a particle size modulus of more than 2, gravel, crushed stone and brick, slag - 1.15.

1.10. The moisture content of the soil used for landscaping should be about 15% of its total moisture capacity. If there is insufficient moisture, the soil must be artificially moistened. The maximum soil moisture should not exceed the optimum: for silty sands and light coarse sandy loams - by 60%; for light and dusty sandy loams - by 35%; for heavy silty sandy loams, light loams and light silty loams - by 30%; for heavy and heavy silty loams - by 20%.

1.11. The materials used in the performance of landscaping work are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical specifications.

Unimproved types of bases and coatings, as well as bases and coatings for sports facilities, should be made from the following basic materials: crushed stone, gravel, crushed brick and slag with a fraction size of 5-120 mm, stone, brick and slag chips with a fraction size of 2-5 mm , seedings of construction waste without organic inclusions, as well as from sands with a filtration coefficient of at least 2.5 m/day.

Improved types of bases and coatings should be made from the following basic materials: monolithic road concrete of a grade not lower than 300, prefabricated reinforced concrete road slabs of a grade not lower than 300, as well as asphalt concrete mixtures: hot (with a laying temperature not lower than +110 ° C), warm ( with a laying temperature not lower than +80° C) and cold (with a laying temperature not lower than +10° C).

1.12. Preparing areas for development should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

in areas free of buildings and green spaces - removal of plant soil in the directions of temporary surface drainage, as well as in places where excavation work is being carried out and removal or embankment of this soil; installation of temporary surface drainage with the construction of small artificial structures at intersections with transport routes;

in areas occupied by green spaces - identifying areas of green spaces that must be preserved; digging up and removing trees and shrubs for landscaping other areas; felling and cutting of trunks, cleaning of stumps and bushes; cleaning the plant layer from roots; further in the sequence described above;

in areas occupied by buildings and communications - laying utility lines that ensure the normal operation of facilities and structures in the area, shutdown of electricity, communications, gas, water, heat supply and sewerage in work areas; removal, removal or embankment of plant soil in areas of demolition of buildings, roads, sidewalks, platforms, opening and removal of underground communications, backfilling of trenches and holes; demolition of the ground part of buildings and structures; demolition of the underground part of buildings and structures; backfilling of trenches and pits; further in the sequence described above;

after completion of construction and installation work - installation of driveways, sidewalks, paths and areas with improved coatings and fences, spreading of plant soil, installation of driveways, sidewalks, paths and areas with unimproved types of coatings, planting green spaces, sowing lawns and planting flowers in flower beds, care of green spaces.

1.13. Preparation of construction areas for a construction site, as well as landscaping of the construction area after completion of construction and installation work must be carried out within the following tolerances:

slopes of temporary drainage must be at least 3 ‰;

the thickness of crushed stone, gravel and sand cushions under the foundations of improvement structures must be at least 10 cm;

the thickness of the sand bases for prefabricated coating elements must be at least 3 cm;

the height difference between adjacent prefabricated landscaping elements should be no more than 5 mm;

The thickness of the seams of prefabricated coating elements should be no more than 25 mm.

The compaction coefficient of embankment soils must be at least 0.98 under coverings and at least 0.95 in other places.

1.14. Light compaction mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 15 tons and rollers with smooth drums weighing up to 8 tons. Heavy compaction mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 35 tons and rollers with smooth drums weighing up to 18 tons.

1.15. Specialized organizations must be involved to carry out blasting operations.

1.16. Lawns (seeded or turfed) and flower beds should be watered by sprinkling after seeding, laying sod or planting flowers. Watering should be done at least twice a week for a month.

1.17. When landscaping areas, deviations from the design dimensions should not exceed:

elevation marks when working with plant soil ±5 cm, when installing bases for coverings and coatings of all types ±5 cm;

thickness of frost-protective, insulating, drainage layers, as well as bases and coatings of all types ±10%, but not more than 20 mm; plant soil ±20%;

clearance under a three-meter lath is allowed on bases and coatings: soil, crushed stone, gravel and slag - 15 mm; from asphalt concrete, bitumen-mineral mixtures and cement concrete - 5 mm; lawn - not allowed;

the width of the base layer or coating of all types, except cement concrete, is 10 cm, of cement concrete - 5 cm.

2. CLEARING TERRITORIES AND PREPARING THEM FOR DEVELOPMENT

2.1. Clearing territories and preparing them for development should begin with preliminary marking of places for collecting and embanking plant soil and its removal, with protection from damage or replanting of plants used in the future, as well as with the installation of temporary drainage of water from the surface of the construction site.

2.2. Permanent drainage structures that coincide with temporary drainage structures must be erected in the process of preparing the area for construction. These structures include: ditches, ditches, culverts under roads and driveways, overflow trays and devices to reduce the speed of water flow.

Artificial structures at the intersections of temporary surface drainage with temporary roads and driveways must pass surface and flood waters from the entire catchment area for this artificial structure and have non-eroded channel supports at the approaches to and behind the structures. When installing artificial structures, a construction lift of at least 5 cm must be maintained on the axis of the road or driveway. The surface of the trough under the base must have a slope in the direction of water flow and be compacted to a density at which no trace of the compacting agent appears. The gravel or crushed stone of the base should be compacted until it is stable. The depth of installation of spurs from the top of the foundation under the structure must be at least 50 cm.

2.3. Consolidation of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of artificial structures should be carried out using a cement mortar of a grade of at least 200, prepared with Portland cement of a grade of at least 400 (mortar composition 1:3, mobility 6-8 cm of immersion of a standard cone). The joints of reinforced concrete pipes must be insulated by gluing them with two layers of roofing material on hot bitumen mastic. The insulation must be applied over the previously primed joint surface. Socket joints should be caulked with a strand of resin, followed by embossing the joints with cement mortar.

2.4. Precast tray slabs should be laid on a sandy base. The slabs must be supported by the entire supporting surface, which is achieved by compressing the laid slabs with a moving load. When assembling trays, the slabs should be laid closely.

2.5. Green spaces that are not subject to cutting down or replanting should be fenced with a common fence. The trunks of free-standing trees falling within the work area should be protected from damage by lining them with waste lumber. Separately standing bushes should be replanted.

When dumping or cutting soil in areas of preserved green spaces, the size of the holes and cups of trees should be at least 0.5 of the crown diameter and no more than 30 cm in height from the existing ground surface near the tree trunk.

Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping must be dug up or transplanted into a specially designated conservation area.

2.6. Clearing an area of trees can be done by cutting trees on site and then removing the logs, or by cutting downed trees off to the side.

2.7. Uprooting of stumps should be done by uprooters. Individual stumps that cannot be uprooted should be split by explosions. Cleaning up uprooted stumps and moving them up to 1.5 km should be done in groups of bulldozers (at least 4 vehicles in a group).

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR

ON CONSTRUCTION AFFAIRS

(Gosstroy USSR)

SNiP III -10-75

BUILDING REGULATIONS

Part Ill

RULES FOR PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

Chapter 10

Landscaping

Approved

resolution

State Committee

Council of Ministers of the USSR

By construction affairs

from 25 September 1975 G. № 158

Stereotype edition

Chapter SPiP III-10-75 “Improvement of territories” was developed by Giprokommunstroy of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR with the participation of the TsNIIEP of spectacular buildings and sports facilities of Gosgrazhdanstroy, the Soyuzsportproekt Institute of the USSR Sports Committee and the Rostov Research Institute of the Academy of Public Utilities named after. K. D. Pamfilova.

Editors: engineers A. I. Davydov(Gosstroy USSR), L. N. Gavrikov(Giprokommunstroy Mnizhilkommunkhoz RSFSR).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter must be observed during the production and acceptance of territory improvement work, including preparing them for development, working with plant soil, constructing intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, playgrounds, fences, open planar sports facilities, equipping recreation areas and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sites for housing, civil, cultural, domestic and industrial production purposes.

1.2. Work on landscaping must be carried out in accordance with working drawings in compliance with the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this chapter and work projects.

1.3. Work on preparing the territory should begin with marking the places for collecting and embanking plant soil, as well as places for replanting plants that will be used for landscaping the territory.

1.4. The construction of various types of coverings for intra-block driveways, sidewalks and platforms is allowed on any stable underlying soils, the bearing capacity of which changes under the influence of natural factors by no more than 20%.

1.5. It is allowed to use draining and non-draining sandy, sandy loam and clayey soils as underlying soils.

soils of all types, as well as slag, ash and slag mixtures and inorganic construction waste. The possibility of using soils as a subsurface must be indicated in the project and confirmed by a construction laboratory.

1.6. Vegetable soil to be removed from built-up areas must be cut off, moved to specially designated areas and stored. When working with plant soil, it should be protected from mixing with the underlying non-vegetative soil, from contamination, erosion and weathering.

Vegetable soil used for landscaping areas, depending on the climatic subregions, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the earth to a depth:

7—20 cm - with podzolic prizes in climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January minus 28° From and below, July — ±0°C and above, in severe long winters with snow cover up to 1.2 m and permafrost soils. Permafrost soil should be harvested in the summer as it thaws and moved to dumps near roads for subsequent removal;

before 25 cm — with brown earth and gray earth soils in climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January minus 15° From and above and July +25° C and above, with hot sunny summers, short winters and subsiding soils;

7—20 cm — on podzolic soils and 60—80 cm — with chestnut and chernozem soils of other climatic subregions.

The thickness of the spread uncompacted layer of plant soil must be at least 15 cm for podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subregions.

1.7. The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be determined by laboratory tests.

Improving the fertility of plant soil should be carried out by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers V top layer of vegetation soil when spreading it.

1.8. After removing the plant soil, drainage from the entire surface of the construction site must be ensured.

1.9. When working with soil, the following loosening values should be taken into account: plant soil, sand with a fineness modulus of less than 2 and cohesive soils — 1,35 ; soil mixtures, sands with a particle size greater than 2, gravel, stone and brick crushed stone, slag - 1,15.

1.10. Moisture content of the soil used for landscaping territories , should be about 15% its full moisture capacity. If there is insufficient moisture, the soil must be artificially moistened. The maximum soil moisture should not exceed the optimum: for silty sands and light coarse sandy loams — on 60%; for light and dusty sandy loams — on 35%; for heavy silty sandy loams, light silty loams and light silty loams — on 30%; for heavy and heavy silty loams — on 20%.

1.11. The materials used in the performance of landscaping work are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical specifications.

Unimproved types of bases and coatings, as well as bases and coatings for sports facilities, should be made from the following basic materials: crushed stone, gravel, crushed brick stone and slag with fraction sizes 5—120 mm, stone, brick and slag chips with fraction size 2—5 mm, screenings of construction waste without organic inclusions, as well as from sands with a filtration coefficient of at least 2,5 m/day

Improved types of bases and coatings should be made from the following basic materials: monolithic road concrete of a grade no lower 300, prefabricated reinforced concrete road slabs of a grade not lower than 300, as well as from asphalt concrete mixtures: hot (with a laying temperature not lower than +110° C), warm (with a laying temperature not lower than +80° C) and cold (with a laying temperature not lower than +10° WITH).

1.12. Preparing areas for development should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

in areas free of buildings and green spaces, — removal of plant soil in the directions of temporary surface drainage, as well as in places where earthworks are being carried out, and removal or embankment of this soil; installation of temporary surface drainage with the construction of small artificial structures at intersections with transport routes;

in areas occupied by green spaces, — identifying areas of green space that should be preserved; digging up and removing trees and shrubs for landscaping other areas; felling and cutting of trunks, cleaning of stumps and bushes; cleaning the plant layer from roots; further in the sequence described above;

in areas occupied by buildings and communications, — laying utility lines to ensure normal operation of facilities and structures in the area, cutting off electricity, communications, gas, water, heat supply and sewerage in work areas; removal, removal or embankment of plant soil in areas of demolition of buildings, roads, sidewalks, platforms, opening and removal of underground communications, backfilling of trenches and holes; demolition of the ground part of buildings and structures; demolition of underground parts of buildings è structures; backfilling of trenches and pits; further in the sequence described above;

after completion of construction and installation work — construction of driveways, sidewalks , paths and areas with improved coatings and fences, spreading plant soil, constructing driveways, sidewalks, paths and areas with unimproved types of coatings, planting green spaces, sowing lawns and planting flowers in flower beds, caring for green spaces.

1.13. Preparation of construction areas for a construction site, as well as landscaping of the construction area after completion of construction and installation work must be carried out within the following tolerances:

slopes of temporary drainage must be at least 3 ‰;

the thickness of crushed stone, gravel and sand cushions under the foundations of improvement structures must be at least 10 cm;

the thickness of the sand bases for prefabricated coating elements must be at least 3 cm;

the height difference between adjacent prefabricated landscaping elements should be no more 5 mm;

the thickness of the seams of prefabricated coating elements should be no more 25 mm.

The soil compaction coefficient of embankments must be at least 0,98 under coverings and no less 0,95 in other places.

1.14. Light compaction mechanisms include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 15 8 t. Heavy compaction mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 35 tons and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up to 18 T.

1.15. Specialized organizations must be involved to carry out blasting operations.

1.16. Lawns (seeded or turfed) and flower beds should be watered by sprinkling after seeding, laying sod or planting flowers. Watering should be done at least twice a week for a month.

1.17. When landscaping areas, deviations from the design dimensions should not exceed:

elevation marks when working with plant soil ±5 cm, when installing bases for coverings and coatings of all types ±5 cm;

thickness of frost-protective, insulating, drainage layers, as well as bases and coatings of all types ±10%, but not more 20 mm; plant soil ±20%;

Clearance is allowed under a three-meter lath on bases and coatings: soil, crushed stone, gravel and slag —15 mm; from asphalt concrete, bitumen-mineral mixtures and cement concrete — 5 mm; lawn — not allowed;

width of the base layer or coating of all types, except cement concrete, —10 cm, cement concrete — 5 cm.

2. TERRITORY CLEARING

AND PREPARING THEM FOR CONSTRUCTION

2.1. Clearing territories and preparing them for development should begin with preliminary marking of collection points and embankment of plant soil and its removal, from protection from damage or replanting of plants used in the future, as well as from a device for temporary drainage of water from the surface of the construction site.

2.2. Permanent drainage structures that coincide with temporary drainage structures must be erected in the process of preparing the area for construction. These structures include: ditches, ditches, culverts under roads and driveways, overflow trays and devices to reduce the speed of water flow.

Artificial structures at the intersections of temporary surface drainage with temporary roads and driveways must pass surface and flood waters from the entire catchment area for this artificial structure and have non-eroded channel supports at the approaches to and behind the structures. When installing artificial structures, the construction lift must be maintained at least 5 cm on the axis of the road or driveway. The surface of the trough under the base must have a slope in the direction of water flow and be compacted to a density at which no trace of the compacting agent appears. The gravel or crushed stone of the base should be compacted until it is stable. The depth of installation of spurs from the top of the foundation under the structure must be at least 50 cm.

2.3. Consolidation of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of artificial structures should be carried out using cement mortar of a grade no lower than 200, prepared with Portland cement grade no lower 400 (solution composition 1:3, mobility 6 — 8 cm standard cone immersion). Joints of reinforced concrete links pipes must be insulated by gluing them with two layers of roofing felt on hot bitumen mastic. The insulation must be applied over the previously primed joint surface. Socket joints should be caulked with a strand of resin, followed by embossing the joints with cement mortar.

2.4. Precast tray slabs should be laid on a sandy base. The slabs must be supported by the entire supporting surface, which is achieved by compressing the laid slabs with a moving load. When assembling trays, the slabs should be laid closely.

2.5. Green spaces that are not subject to cutting down or replanting should be fenced with a common fence. The trunks of free-standing trees falling within the work area should be protected from damage by lining them with waste lumber. Separately standing bushes should be replanted.

When dumping or cutting soil in areas of preserved green spaces, the size of holes and cups for trees should be no less than 0,5 crown diameter and no more 30 cm in height from the existing ground surface near the tree trunk.

Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping must be dug up or transplanted into a specially designated conservation area.

2.6. Clearing an area of trees can be done by cutting trees on site and then removing the logs, or by cutting downed trees off to the side.

2.7. Uprooting of stumps should be done by uprooters. Individual stumps that cannot be uprooted should be split by explosions. Cleaning uprooted stumps and moving them to 1,5 km should be carried out in groups of bulldozers (at least 4 cars in a group).

2.8. Clearing the area by felling trees along with the roots should be done with bulldozers or uprooters with high-raised blades, starting from the middle of the area overgrown with trees. Trees should be laid with their tops towards the middle when felling. Upon completion of felling, the trees, along with their roots, are transported to the cutting site.

2.9. The removal of root fragments from the plant layer should be carried out immediately after clearing the area of stumps and logs. Root fragments should be removed from the plant layer by parallel passages of uprooters with widened blades. The removed roots and bushes should be removed from the cleared area to specially designated areas for subsequent removal or burning.

2.10. Preparation for the development of the territory occupied by buildings should begin with the removal of communications used during the construction process, turning off the gas supply at its entry into the territory and purging the disconnected gas networks with compressed air, and water supply, sewerage, heat supply, electricity and communications — at their entry into objects to be demolished as necessary for their demolition. After disconnecting communications, the possibility of reconnecting them must be excluded without the permission of the relevant services, as well as fire and sanitary supervision.

2.11. Complete or partial dismantling of buildings or their Demolition should begin with the removal of individual structural elements that are considered appropriate to be reused under the conditions of a specific construction site. Elements that can only be removed after partial dismantling of the structure must be protected from damage during disassembly.

2.12. Dismantling of buildings should begin with the removal of heating and ventilation devices, sanitary equipment and installation electrical equipment, communication and radio equipment, and gas supply equipment. Wires, risers and distributions that cannot be removed, which can serve as connections when dismantling a building, must be cut into pieces to prevent the formation of these connections.

At the same time, hardware suitable for further use, metal elements of fencing, parts of floors, and other parts of the building that can be removed must be removed.

2.13. Permanent wooden, stone and concrete structures should be demolished by breaking and collapsing followed by scrap removal or by burning the wooden structures on site.

Before collapsing the vertical parts of the structure, the upper covering elements, which may interfere with demolition operations, must be removed. The vertical parts of the structure should be collapsed inward. When using a truck crane or excavator crane for demolition of a structure, a metal ball should be used as a striking element, the weight of which should not exceed half the lifting capacity of the mechanism at the maximum reach of the boom. In some cases, blasting operations should be used to preliminary weaken buildings.

2.14. The possibility of burning a wooden structure on site or scrap from its dismantling in a specially designated place must be agreed with the local Soviets of Workers' Deputies, as well as with the fire and sanitary inspection.

2.15. Wooden collapsible buildings should be disassembled, discarding prefabricated elements for subsequent use. When disassembling, each detachable prefabricated element must first be secured in a stable position.

2.16. Scrap from dismantling stone buildings, suitable for further use, should be sifted in order to separate its wooden and metal components.

2.17. Monolithic reinforced concrete and metal buildings must be dismantled according to a specially designed demolition scheme that ensures the stability of the structure as a whole. The largest weight of a reinforced concrete block or metal element should not exceed half the lifting capacity of the cranes at the longest boom radius. Dividing into blocks should begin with opening the reinforcement. Then the block must be secured, after which the reinforcement is cut and the block is broken. Metal elements should be cut off after unfastening.

2.18. Prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings must be disassembled according to the demolition scheme, the reverse of the installation scheme. Before removal can begin, the element must be freed from its bonds.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that cannot be separated element by element must be dismembered as monolithic.

2.19. If necessary, underground parts of buildings and structures should be examined in separate characteristic areas. Based on the results of the examination, the method of disassembling them should be clarified.

2.20. The foundation to be demolished should be opened at the point where the initial face was formed. Rubble masonry foundations should be dismantled using impact tools and an excavator. Rubble and concrete foundations should be cracked using impact devices or by shaking with explosions, followed by the removal of scrap. Reinforced concrete foundations should be dismantled, starting with the exposure and cutting of reinforcement and their subsequent division into blocks.

2.21. Work on dismantling roads, sidewalks, platforms and underground communications should begin with the removal of plant soil in the adjacent dismantling zones and its removal to specially designated areas.

2.22. Asphalt concrete surfaces of roads, sidewalks and playgrounds should be dismantled by cutting or breaking up the asphalt concrete and removing it for subsequent recycling.

2.23. Cement-concrete coatings and foundations for coatings (monolithic) must be broken by concrete breaking machines, followed by hilling and removal of concrete scrap.

2.24. Crushed stone and gravel coverings and bases under coverings should be dismantled, avoiding contamination of these materials by the underlying soil. Removal of crushed stone and gravel coverings and bases under coverings should begin with loosening the covering or base, storing crushed stone or gravel in piles, removing curb stones, followed by removal of materials for reuse.

2.25. Sandy base thicker than 5 cm should be disassembled, keeping in mind the possibility of subsequent use of sand.

2.26. Underground utilities should be torn out in sections without exposing the trench to the risk of flooding by surface or groundwater. Opening should be done using excavators. Places where communications are cut or dismantled must be additionally cleared.

2.27. Ductless pipeline networks should be disassembled using gas cutting into individual components or by separating socket joints. Channelless cables must be opened by excavators, freed from the protective coating, inspected and, if possible for reuse, uncoupled with the ends sealed, cleaned and wound onto drums.

2.28. Pipelines laid in non-passing channels must be disassembled in the following sequence: open the channel, remove the plates (shells) covering the pipelines from above, remove the insulation of the pipelines at the places where they are dissected, cut the pipelines and remove them from the channel, disassemble and remove the remaining prefabricated elements of the channel, break open and remove scrap monolithic elements of the channel from the trench, examine the seized elements of pipelines and the channel in order to reuse, free the work site from removed elements and scrap, fill the trench with layer-by-layer compaction of the soil.

2.29. Cables laid in cable collectors should be inspected, uncoupled, ends sealed and removed from the channels by winding the cables onto drums. Next, work must be carried out to remove channel elements in the sequence set out for pipelines laid in non-passable channels.

2.30. Trenches and pits from under the underground parts of buildings è communications having a width of more than three meters must be backfilled with layer-by-layer compaction, regardless of the time of subsequent construction work on this site, with the exception of trenches and pits falling within the pit area for newly constructed buildings and structures.

2.31. Acceptance of territories after they have been cleared and prepared for improvement must be carried out taking into account the following requirements:

above-ground and underground buildings and structures subject to demolition must be eliminated. Places of liquidation of underground structures must be covered with soil and compacted;

temporary drainage to prevent flooding and waterlogging of individual places and the entire development area as a whole must be carried out;

green spaces to be preserved in the developed area must be reliably protected from possible damage during the construction process. Stumps, tree trunks, bushes and roots, after clearing the built-up area of them, must be removed, liquidated or stored in specially designated areas;

plant soil must be collected in specially designated areas, hilled up and strengthened;

excavation and leveling work must be completed in full. Embankments and excavations must be compacted to the design density coefficient and profiled to the design elevations.

3. DRIVEWAYS, PEDESTRIANS

AND VENUES

3.1. When constructing intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms, the requirements of the chapter of SNiP “Highways” must be observed. The rules of this section contain specifics for the construction of intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, platforms, external stairs, ramps, blind areas and curbs. When constructing pedestrian paths wider than 2 m should take into account the possibility of vehicles with an axle load of up to 8 t (water-washing vehicles, vehicles with sliding towers, etc.). Coverings of intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms must ensure the drainage of surface water and should not be a source of dirt or dust in dry weather.

3.2. Internal driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms must be constructed with a wrapping profile; used during the construction period must be equipped with temporary open drainage. Curb stones on these driveways and sites should be installed after completion of planning work in the areas adjacent to them at a distance of at least 3 m.

3.3. In permafrost areas, in order to preserve the underlying soils in a frozen state, clearing of places for laying driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms should be carried out in winter and only within the boundaries of their laying. Disturbance of the plant and moss layer is not allowed. Additional frost protection and waterproofing layers of the foundations for these structures must be carried out in compliance with the measures to protect them from damage by vehicles, leveling and compacting machines, as well as to protect them from contamination. When installing a frost-protective layer, the soil to be removed must be removed immediately before filling the frost-protective layer. Waterproofing layers made of rolled materials should be installed from the bottom in relation to the direction of water flow of the side with overlapping strips of insulating material on 10 see. The additional layer of soil poured over the waterproofing layer must have a thickness of at least 30 see and sleep away from yourself.

When installing additional layers, their thickness and cleanliness must be checked, taking at least one sample over an area of no more than 500 m 2 and at least five samples from the dumped area.

3.4. For the lower and middle layers of crushed stone bases and coverings under driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms, crushed stone fractions should be used 40—70 And 70—120 mm; for top layers of bases and coatings — 40—70 mm, for wedging — 5—10 mm; for gravel bases and coatings, an optimal gravel mixture of fractions should be used 40—120 mm, for wedging — 5—10 mm.

3.5. Crushed stone and gravel in the layer should be compacted three times. During the first rolling, the compaction of the placer should be achieved and a stable position of crushed stone or gravel should be ensured. During the second rolling, the rigidity of the base or coating must be achieved due to the interlocking of the fractions. During the third rolling, the formation of a dense crust in the upper part of the layer should be achieved by wedging the surface into small fractions. Signs of the end of compaction in the second and third periods are the lack of mobility of crushed stone or gravel, the cessation of wave formation in front of the roller, the absence of a trace from the roller, as well as the crushing of individual crushed stone or gravel grains by the rollers of the roller, but not pressing them into the top layer.

3.6. When installing slag bases and coatings, the maximum thickness of the compacted slag layer (in a dense state) should not exceed 15 cm. The slag should be watered before spreading over the subgrade at the rate 30 l of water per 1 m 3 of uncompacted slag. Slag compaction should be carried out first with light rollers without watering, and then with heavy rollers, with watering in small doses based on up to 60 l/m 3 of uncompacted slag. After rolling, the slag base (coating) must be watered for 10—12 days based on 2,5 l/m 3 of uncompacted slag.

3.7. The material of the lower layers of crushed stone, gravel and sand bases for coverings, as well as crushed stone and gravel coverings laid on a waterlogged, pre-compacted and profiled surface of the subgrade or trough, should be distributed only from itself. Before distributing the material on a waterlogged surface, drainage grooves with a width of 20—25 cm and a depth of no less than the thickness of the waterlogged layer. The grooves should be located at a distance of no more than 3 m from one another and cut along a slope or at an angle 30—60° to the direction of the slope. The soil from the grooves must be removed from the coating. Water drainage through the grooves should be carried out within 3 m from the boundaries of the coverage. The slope of the grooves must either repeat the slope of the backfilled surface, or be no less 2%. The distribution of crushed stone, gravel and sand should be done only from the highest to the lowest elevations. The thickness of the spread layer of crushed stone, gravel and sand should be such that it does not occur squeezing waterlogged soil through the pores of the distributed material. When distributing crushed stone, gravel and sand, it is necessary to ensure that the drainage ditches are filled first. The movement of vehicles and people on the waterlogged soil of the backfilled surface is not allowed.

3.8. In winter conditions, it is allowed to install gravel, crushed stone and slag bases and coverings. Foundations and coatings made of crushed stone of high-strength rocks should be wedged with crushed limestone. Before spreading the base, the surface of the subgrade must be cleared of snow and ice. The base or covering material must be compacted and wedged without watering before freezing begins. The thickness of the compacted layer of material should be no more than 15 cm (in a dense state). Bases and coatings made from active blast furnace slag should be made from slag fractions less than 70 mm for both the bottom and top layers. Before laying the top layers over the bottom layer, you should 15—20 days to open construction traffic. During thaws and before spring snowmelt, the laid layer must be cleared of snow and ice. Correction of deformations should be carried out only after stabilization and drying of the subgrade soil and all layers of the base and coating, as well as checking the degree of their compaction. It is also allowed to install concrete bases and coatings with additives of chloride salts.

3.9. When constructing crushed stone, gravel and slag bases and coatings, the following must be checked: the quality of materials; layout of the subgrade surface; thickness of the base or coating layer based on one measurement per 2000 m2, but not less than five measurements on any area; degree of compaction.

3.10. Garden paths and areas should be covered of four layers. When constructing garden paths and platforms, the following thicknesses of layers should be accepted: the lower one (made of crushed stone, gravel, slag) with a thickness of not less 60 mm, upper propping thickness not less than 20 mm, top (from castings of stone materials and slag) with a thickness of at least 10 mm and cover (made of clean sand) with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Each of the layers, after uniform distribution, must be compacted with water.

3.11. Asphalt concrete pavements may only be laid in dry weather. The bases for asphalt concrete pavements must be free of dirt and dry. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete pavements from hot and cold mixtures must be no lower than +5° In spring and summer and not below +10°C in autumn. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete pavements from thermal mixtures should not be lower than -10°C.

3.12* The base or layer of previously laid asphalt concrete behind 3—5 h before laying the asphalt concrete mixture must be treated with liquefied or liquid bitumen or bitumen emulsion at the rate 0,5 l/m2. Pre-treatment with bitumen or bituminous emulsion is not required in the case of laying asphalt concrete on a base constructed with treatment with organic binders, or on a freshly laid lower asphalt concrete layer.

MINISTRY
CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
ECONOMIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
(MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION OF RUSSIA)

ORDER

On approval of SP 82.13330
"SNiP III-10-75 Landscaping"

In accordance with the Rules for the development, approval, publication, amendment and cancellation of sets of rules, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 1, 2016 No., subparagraph 5.2.9 of paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government Russian Federation dated November 18, 2013 No. 1038, clause 58 of the Plan for the development and approval of codes of practice and updating of previously approved codes of rules, building codes and regulations for 2015 and the planning period until 2017, approved by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services economy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2015 No. 470/pr as amended by order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2015 No. 659/pr, I order:

1. Approve and put into effect 6 months from the date of publication of this order the attached SP 82.13330 “SNiP III-10-75 Landscaping”.

2. From the moment of entry into force of SP 82.13330 “SNiP III-10-75 Improvement of territories”, SNiP III-10-75 “Improvement of territories”, approved by the resolution of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction Affairs dated September 25, 1975, shall be recognized as not subject to application. No. 158 and registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on July 18, 2011 as SP 82.13330.2011.

3. The Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, within 15 days from the date of issuance of the order, sends the approved SP 82.13330 “SNiP III-10-75 Territory Improvement” for registration with the national standardization body of the Russian Federation.

4. The Department of Urban Planning and Architecture shall ensure publication on the official website of the Ministry of Construction of Russia on the information and telecommunications network “Internet” of the text of the approved SP 82.13330 “SNiP III-10-75 Improvement of territories” in electronic digital form within 10 days from the date of registration of the set of rules national body of the Russian Federation for standardization.

5. Control over the implementation of this order is entrusted to the Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation Kh.D. Mavliyarova.

MINISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION
AND HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SET OF RULES

SP 82.13330.2016

TERRITORY IMPROVEMENT

Updated edition of SNiP III-10-75

Moscow 2016

PREFACE

Rulebook Details

1 CONTRACTORS - FSBI "TsNIIP Ministry of Construction" with the participation of the State Unitary Enterprise Research and Design Institute of the General Plan of Moscow; GBS RAS; EFRGS Ecocity; ANO Mosgorekspertiza

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”

3 PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Urban Planning and Architecture of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Construction of Russia)

4 APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated December 16, 2016 No. 972/pr and put into effect on June 17, 2017.

5 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Gosstandart). Revision of SP 82.13330.2011

In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the prescribed manner. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Construction of Russia) on the Internet

INTRODUCTION

This set of rules has been compiled with the aim of increasing the level of safety of people in buildings and structures and the safety of material assets in accordance with Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ “Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures”, fulfilling the requirements of the Federal Law of November 23 2009 No. 261-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, increasing the level of harmonization of regulatory requirements with European regulatory documents, applying uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and evaluation methods. The requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” and codes of fire protection system rules were also taken into account.

The actualization work was carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "TsNIIP Ministry of Construction": topic leader - Ph.D. architect E.P. Menshikova.

SET OF RULES

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TERRITORY

Territory Improvement

Date of introduction 2017-06-17

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 This set of rules establishes the basic requirements for design solutions, parameters and necessary combinations of landscaping elements when planning them in various urban planning conditions.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

4.2 The rules of this section must be observed during the production and acceptance of work: landscaping the territory (preparing it for development); working with plant soil; construction of intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, platforms, fences, open planar sports facilities; equipment for recreation areas and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sites for housing, civil, cultural, community, recreational and industrial production purposes, as well as transport and engineering infrastructures.

4.3 Requirements for the quality of soils and soils should be taken according to SanPiN 2.1.7.1287.

4.4 Work on landscaping must be carried out in accordance with the improvement project, subject to the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this section and work projects.

4.4.1 Work on preparing the territory should begin with marking the places for collecting and embanking plant soil, as well as places for replanting plants that will be used for landscaping the territory.

4.4.2 The construction of various types of coatings for intra-block driveways, sidewalks and platforms is allowed on any stable underlying soils, the bearing capacity of which changes under the influence of natural factors by no more than 20%.

4.5 As underlying soils, it is allowed to use draining and non-draining sandy, sandy loam and clayey soils of all varieties, as well as slag, ash and slag mixtures and inorganic construction waste. The possibility of using soils as subsurface must be indicated in the project.

4.6 Vegetable soil to be removed from built-up areas must be cut off, moved to specially designated areas and stored. When working with plant soil, it should be protected from mixing with the underlying non-vegetative soil, from contamination, erosion and weathering.

The norms for removing the fertile soil layer during excavation work are determined in accordance with the requirements of GOST 17.5.3.06. Vegetable soil used for landscaping areas, depending on the climatic subregions, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the earth to a depth:

7 - 20 cm - for podzolic soils in climatic subregions with an average monthly temperature of January minus 28 °C and below, July ±0 °C and above, severe long winters with a snow cover height of up to 1.2 m and permafrost soils. Permafrost soil should be harvested in the summer as it thaws and moved to dumps near roads for subsequent removal;

up to 25 cm - for brown earth and gray earth soils in climatic subregions with an average monthly temperature of January minus 15 °C and above and July +25 °C and above, with hot sunny summers, a short winter period and subsiding soils;

7 - 20 cm - on podzolic soils and 60 - 80 cm - on chestnut and chernozem soils of other climatic subregions.

The thickness of the spread uncompacted layer of plant soil should be at least 15 cm for podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subregions.

4.7 The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be established by analyzes in duly accredited laboratories

Improving the fertility of plant soil should be carried out by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers into the top layer of plant soil when spreading it,

4.8 After removing the plant soil, drainage from the entire surface of the construction site must be ensured.

4.9 When working with soil, the following loosening values should be taken into account:

1.35 - plant soil, sands with a particle size modulus of less than 2 and cohesive soils;

1.15 - soil mixtures, sands with a particle size module greater than 2, gravel, crushed stone and brick, slag.

4.10 The moisture content of the soil used for landscaping should be about 15% of its total moisture capacity. If there is insufficient moisture, the soil must be artificially moistened. The maximum soil moisture should not exceed the optimum by:

60% - for silty sands and light coarse sandy loams;

35% - for light and silty sandy loams;

30% - for heavy silty sandy loams, light loams and light silty sands;

20% - for heavy and heavy silty loams.

4.11 Materials used in landscaping work are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical specifications,

Unimproved types of bases and coverings, as well as bases and coverings for sports fields, should be made from the following basic materials: crushed stone, gravel, crushed brick and slag of fractions with sizes of 5 - 120 mm, stone, brick and slag chips with fractions of sizes of 2 - 5 mm, cuttings construction waste without organic inclusions, as well as from sand with a filtration coefficient of at least 2.5 m/day.

Improved types of bases and coatings should be made from the following basic materials: monolithic road concrete of class not lower than B25, prefabricated reinforced concrete road slabs of class not lower than B25, as well as asphalt concrete mixtures: hot (laying temperature not lower than +110 ° C), warm (temperature laying not lower than +80 °C) and cold (laying temperature not lower than +10 °C).

4.12 Preparing areas for development should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

in areas occupied by green spaces - identifying areas of green spaces that must be preserved; digging up and removing trees and shrubs for landscaping other areas;

felling and cutting of trunks, cleaning of stumps and bushes; cleaning the plant layer from roots; further in the sequence described above;

demolition of the underground part of buildings and structures; backfilling of trenches and pits; further in the sequence described above;

4.13 Preparation of construction areas for a construction site, as well as landscaping of the construction area after completion of construction and installation work must be carried out within the following tolerances:

Temporary drainage slopes must be at least 3 ‰;

The thickness of crushed stone, gravel and sand cushions under the foundations of improvement structures must be at least 10 cm;

The thickness of the sand bases for prefabricated coating elements must be at least 3 cm;

The height difference between adjacent prefabricated landscaping elements should be no more than 5 mm;

The thickness of the seams of prefabricated coating elements should be no more than 25 mm;

The compaction coefficient of embankment soils must be at least 0.98 under coverings and at least 0.95 in other places.

4.14 Light compaction mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 15 tons and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up to 8 tons. Heavy compaction mechanisms should include rollers on pneumatic tires weighing up to 35 tons and rollers with smooth rollers weighing up to 18 tons.

4.15 Specialized organizations must be involved to carry out blasting operations.

4.16 Lawns (seeded or turfed) and flower beds should be watered by sprinkling after seeding, laying sod or planting flowers. Watering should be done at least twice a week for a month.

4.17. When landscaping areas, deviations from the design dimensions should not exceed:

±5 cm - elevation marks when working with plant soil, when laying bases for coverings and coatings of all types;

±10%, but not more than 20 mm - thickness of frost-protective, insulating, drainage layers, as well as bases and coatings of all types;

±20% - plant soil;

Clearance is allowed under a three-meter lath on bases and coverings:

15 mm - from soils, crushed stone gravel and slag;

5 mm - from asphalt concrete, bitumen-mineral mixtures and cement concrete;

Not allowed - lawn;

10 cm - the width of the base layer or coating of all types, except cement concrete, - 5 cm from cement concrete.

5 CLEARING TERRITORIES AND PREPARING THEM FOR DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Clearing territories and preparing them for development should begin with preliminary marking of places for collecting and embanking plant soil and its removal, with protection from damage or replanting of plants used in the future, as well as with the installation of temporary drainage of water from the surface of the construction site.

5.2 Permanent drainage structures that coincide with temporary drainage structures must be erected in the process of preparing the area for construction. These structures include: ditches, ditches, culverts under roads and driveways, overflow trays and devices to reduce the speed of water flow.

Artificial structures at the intersections of temporary surface drainage with temporary roads and driveways must pass surface and flood waters from the entire catchment area for this artificial structure; fastenings of channels at approaches to structures and behind them must be non-erosive. When installing artificial structures, a construction lift of at least 5 cm must be maintained on the axis of the road or driveway. The surface of the trough under the base must be sloped in the direction of water flow and be compacted to a density at which no trace of the compacting agent appears.

The gravel or crushed stone of the base should be compacted until it is stable. The depth of installation of spurs from the top of the foundation under the structure must be at least 50 cm.

5.3 Consolidation of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of artificial structures should be carried out using a cement mortar of a class not lower than B15, prepared with Portland cement of a class not lower than B30 (mortar composition 1:3, mobility 6 - 8 cm of immersion of a standard cone). The joints of reinforced concrete pipes must be insulated by gluing them with two layers of roofing material on hot bitumen mastic.

The insulation must be applied over the previously primed joint surface. Socket joints should be caulked with a strand of resin, followed by embossing the joints with cement mortar.

5.4 Prefabricated tray slabs should be laid on a sandy base. The slabs must be supported by the entire supporting surface, which is achieved by compressing the laid slabs with a moving load. When assembling trays, the slabs should be laid closely.

5.5 Green spaces that are not subject to cutting down or replanting should be surrounded by a common fence. The trunks of free-standing trees falling within the work area should be protected from damage by lining them with waste lumber. Separately standing bushes should be replanted.

Trees and shrubs suitable for landscaping must be dug up or transplanted into a specially designated conservation area.

5.6 Clearing the area of trees can be carried out by cutting trees on site and then removing logs, or cutting downed trees to the side.

5.7 Uprooting of stumps should be done by uprooters. Individual stumps that cannot be uprooted should be split by explosions. Uprooted stumps should be removed by moving them up to 1.5 km in groups of bulldozers (at least four vehicles in a group).

5.8 Clearing the area by felling trees along with the roots should be done with bulldozers or uprooters with high-raised blades, starting from the middle of the area overgrown with trees. Trees should be laid with their tops towards the middle when felling. Upon completion of felling, the trees, along with their roots, are transported to the cutting site.

5.9 Scraps of roots from the plant layer should be removed immediately after clearing the area of stumps and logs. Root fragments should be removed from the plant layer by parallel passages of uprooters with widened blades. The removed roots and bushes should be removed from the cleared area to specially designated areas for subsequent removal or burning.

5.10 Preparation for the development of the territory occupied by buildings should begin with the removal of communications, turning off the gas supply at its entry into the territory and purging the disconnected gas networks with compressed air, and water supply, sewerage, heat supply, electricity and communications - at their entries into the objects to be demolished as required. the need for their demolition. After disconnecting communications, the possibility of reconnecting them must be excluded without the permission of the relevant services, as well as fire and sanitary supervision.

5.11 Complete or partial dismantling of buildings or their demolition should begin with the removal of individual structural elements that are considered appropriate to be reused under the conditions of a specific construction site. Elements that can only be removed after partial dismantling of the structure must be protected from damage during disassembly.

5.12 Dismantling of buildings should begin with the removal of heating and ventilation devices, sanitary equipment and electrical installation equipment, communication and radio equipment, and gas supply equipment. Wires, risers and distributions that cannot be removed, which can serve as connections when dismantling a building, must be cut into pieces to prevent the formation of these connections.

5.13 Non-removable wooden, stone and concrete buildings should be demolished by breaking and collapsing, followed by removal of scrap or by burning wooden buildings on site.

Before collapsing the vertical parts of the structure, the upper covering elements, which may interfere with demolition operations, must be removed. The vertical parts of the structure should be collapsed inward. When using a truck crane or excavator crane for demolition of a structure, a metal ball should be used as a striking element, the mass of which should not exceed half the lifting capacity of the mechanism at the maximum reach of the boom. In some cases, blasting operations should be used to preliminary weaken buildings.

5.14 The possibility of burning a wooden structure on site or scrap from its dismantling in a specially designated place must be agreed upon with local authorities, as well as with local branches of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief and Rospotrebnadzor.

5.15 Wooden collapsible buildings should be disassembled, discarding prefabricated elements for their subsequent use. When disassembling, each detachable prefabricated element must first be secured in a stable position.

5.16 Scrap from dismantling stone buildings, suitable for further use, should be sifted to separate wooden and metal components from it.

5.17 Monolithic reinforced concrete and metal structures must be dismantled according to a specially designed demolition scheme that ensures the stability of the structure as a whole. The largest mass of a reinforced concrete block or metal element should not exceed half the lifting capacity of the cranes at the longest boom radius. Dividing into blocks should begin with opening the reinforcement. Then the block must be secured, after which the reinforcement is cut and the block is broken. Metal elements should be cut off after unfastening.

5.18 Prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings must be dismantled according to the demolition scheme, the reverse of the installation scheme.

Before removal can begin, the element must be freed from its bonds.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete structures that cannot be separated element by element must be dismembered as monolithic.

5.19 The underground parts of buildings and structures, if necessary, should be examined in separate characteristic areas. Based on the results of the examination, the method of disassembling them should be clarified.

5.20 The foundation to be demolished should be opened at the point where the initial face was formed. Rubble masonry foundations should be dismantled using impact tools and an excavator. Rubble and concrete foundations should be cracked using impact devices or by shaking with explosions, followed by the removal of scrap. Reinforced concrete foundations should be dismantled, starting with the exposure and cutting of reinforcement and their subsequent division into blocks.

5.21 Work on dismantling roads, sidewalks, platforms and underground utilities should begin with removing plant soil in the adjacent dismantling areas and cleaning it in specially designated areas,

5.22 Asphalt concrete coverings of roads, sidewalks and playgrounds should be dismantled by cutting down or breaking up the asphalt concrete and removing it for subsequent processing.

5.23 Cement-concrete coatings and foundations for coatings (monolithic) must be broken by concrete breaking machines, followed by hilling and removal of concrete scrap.

5.24 Crushed stone and gravel coverings and bases for coverings should be dismantled, avoiding contamination of these materials by the underlying soil. Removal of crushed stone and gravel coverings and bases under coverings should begin with loosening the covering or base, storing crushed stone or gravel in piles, removing curb stones, followed by removal of these materials for reuse.

5.25 Sandy bases more than 5 cm thick should be dismantled, keeping in mind the possibility of subsequent use of sand.

5.26 Underground communications should be torn out in sections, without exposing the trench to the risk of flooding by surface or groundwater. Opening should be done using excavators. Places where communications are cut or dismantled must be additionally cleared.

5.27 Channelless pipeline networks should be disassembled using gas cutting into individual components or by separating socket joints. Channelless cables must be opened by excavators, freed from the protective coating, inspected and, if possible, re-used, uncoupled with sealing of the ends, cleaned and wound onto drums.

5.28 Pipelines laid in non-passable channels must be disassembled in the following sequence:

open the channel, remove the slabs (shells) covering the pipelines from above, remove the insulation of the pipelines in places where they are dismembered, cut the pipelines and remove them from the channel, disassemble and remove the remaining prefabricated elements of the drip, break open and remove the scrap of monolithic elements of the channel from the trench, examine the seized elements pipelines and channels for the purpose of their reuse, free the work site from removed elements and scrap, fill the trench with layer-by-layer compaction of the soil.

5.29 Cables laid in cable collectors should be inspected, uncoupled, ends sealed and removed from the channels by winding them onto drums. Next, work must be carried out to remove channel elements in the sequence set out for pipelines laid in non-passable channels.

5.30 Trenches and pits from under the underground parts of buildings and communications, having a width of more than three meters, must be backfilled with layer-by-layer compaction of the soil, regardless of the time of subsequent construction work at this place, with the exception of trenches and pits falling within the pit area for newly constructed buildings and structures.

5.31 Acceptance of territories after they have been cleared and prepared for improvement must be carried out taking into account the following requirements:

Above-ground and underground buildings and structures subject to demolition must be eliminated. Places of liquidation of underground structures must be covered with soil and compacted;

Temporary drainage that prevents flooding and waterlogging of individual places and the entire development area as a whole must be carried out;

Green spaces to be preserved in the developed area must be reliably protected from possible damage during the construction process. Stumps, tree trunks, bushes and roots, after clearing the built-up area of them, must be removed, liquidated or stored in specially designated areas;

Plant soil must be collected in specially designated areas, hilled up and strengthened;

Excavation and leveling work must be completed in full. Embankments and excavations must be compacted to the design density coefficient and profiled to the design elevations.

6 PASSAGES, PEDESTRIAN WAYS AND SITES

6.1 When constructing intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms, the requirements of SP 34.13330, SP 78.13330 and SP 113.13330 must be observed.

The rules of this section apply to the construction of intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, platforms, external stairs, ramps, blind areas and curbs. When constructing pedestrian paths with a width of more than 2 m, one should take into account the possibility of vehicles with an axle load of up to 8 tons passing through them (water-washing vehicles, vehicles with sliding towers, etc.). Coverings of intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms must ensure the drainage of surface water and should not be a source of dirt or dust in dry weather.

For walking, sports, and children's paths, modern synthetic coatings, eco-tiles, and lawn gratings should be used. Plates must meet safety requirements.

Laying ecological boards is possible both on a solid base and on a loose base. The slabs should be laid in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements.

Equipment and coverings for children's playgrounds should be carried out in accordance with GOST R 52169.

6.2 Internal driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms must be constructed with a wrapping profile; used during the construction period must be equipped with temporary open drainage. Curb stones on these driveways and sites should be installed after completion of planning work in the adjacent areas at a distance of at least 3 m.

In the infrastructure of urban and rural settlements, signs should be used that should provide visually impaired people with necessary and sufficient information to facilitate independent orientation (SP 140.13330). Special paving slabs with a tactile surface should be used as signs (Appendix).

6.3 In permafrost areas, in order to preserve the underlying soils in a frozen state, clearing of places for laying driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms should be carried out in winter and only within the boundaries of their laying. Disturbance of the plant and moss layer is not allowed. Additional frost protection and waterproofing layers of the foundations for these structures must be carried out in compliance with measures to protect them from damage by vehicles, leveling and compacting machines, as well as to protect them from contamination. When installing a frost-protective layer, the soil to be removed must be removed immediately before filling the frost-protective layer. Waterproofing layers made of rolled materials should be installed on the downstream side in relation to the direction of water flow, with strips of insulating material overlapping by 10 cm.

The additional layer of soil and poured away from itself on top of the waterproofing layer must be at least 30 cm thick.

When installing additional layers, their thickness and cleanliness must be checked by taking at least one sample over an area of no more than 500 m2 and at least five samples from the backfilled area.

6.4 For the lower and middle layers of crushed stone bases and coverings under driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and platforms, crushed stone of fractions 40 - 70 and 70 - 120 mm should be used; for the top layers of bases and coatings - 40 - 70 mm, for wedging - 5 - 10 mm; for gravel bases and coatings, an optimal gravel mixture of fractions of 40 - 120 mm should be used, for wedging - 5 - 10 mm.

6.5 Crushed stone and gravel in the layer should be compacted three times. During the first rolling, the compaction of the placer should be achieved and a stable position of crushed stone or gravel should be ensured. During the second rolling, the rigidity of the base or coating must be achieved due to the interlocking of the fractions. During the third rolling, the formation of a dense crust in the upper part of the layer should be achieved by wedging the surface into small fractions. Signs of the end of compaction in the second and third periods are: lack of mobility of crushed stone or gravel, cessation of wave formation in front of the roller, absence of a trace from the roller, as well as crushing of individual crushed stone or grains of gravel by the rollers of the roller, but not pressing them into the top layer.

6.6 When installing slag bases and coatings, the maximum thickness of the compacted slag layer (in a dense state) should not exceed 15 cm. The slag should be watered before distribution over the subgrade at the rate of 30 liters of water per 1 m 3 of uncompacted slag. The slag should be compacted first with light rollers without watering, and then with heavy rollers, with watering in small doses at the rate of up to 60 l/m 3 of uncompacted slag. After rolling, the slag base (coating) should be watered for 10 - 12 days at the rate of 2.5 l/m 3 of uncompacted slag.

6.7 The material of the lower layers of crushed stone, gravel and sand bases for coverings, as well as crushed stone and gravel coverings laid on a waterlogged, pre-compacted and profiled surface of the subgrade or trough, should be distributed only away from itself.

Before distributing the material on the waterlogged surface, drainage grooves with a width of 20 - 25 cm and a depth of at least the thickness of the waterlogged layer must be cut. The grooves should be located at a distance of no more than 3 m from one another and cut along the slope or at an angle of 30° - 60° to the direction of the slope. The soil from the grooves must be removed from the coating. Water drainage through grooves should be carried out 3 m from the boundaries of the coating. The slope of the grooves must follow the slope of the backfilled surface or be at least 2%. The distribution of crushed stone, gravel and sand should be done only from the highest to the lowest elevations. The thickness of the spread layer of crushed stone, gravel and sand should be such that waterlogged soil does not squeeze out through the pores of the material being spread. When distributing crushed stone, gravel and sand, it is necessary to ensure that the drainage ditches are filled first. The movement of vehicles and people on the waterlogged soil of the backfilled surface is not allowed.

6.8 In winter conditions, it is allowed to install gravel, crushed stone and slag bases and coverings. Foundations and coatings made of crushed stone of high-strength rocks should be wedged with crushed limestone. Before spreading the base, the surface of the subgrade must be cleared of snow and ice. The base or covering material must be compacted and wedged without watering before freezing begins.

The thickness of the compacted layer of material should be no more than 15 cm (in a dense state). Bases and coatings made of active blast furnace slag should be constructed from slag fractions less than 70 mm for both the bottom and top layers. Before laying the top layers on the bottom layer, the traffic of construction machines used in the work should be open for 15 - 20 days. During thaws and before spring snowmelt, the laid layer must be cleared of snow and ice. Correction of deformations should be carried out only after stabilization and drying of the subgrade soil and all layers of the base and coating, as well as checking the degree of their compaction. It is also allowed to install concrete bases and coatings with additives of chloride salts.

6.9 When constructing crushed stone, gravel and slag bases and coatings, the following must be checked: the quality of materials; layout of the subgrade surface; thickness of the base or coating layer at the rate of one measurement per 2000 m2, but not less than five measurements on any area; degree of compaction.

6.10 The covering of garden paths and areas should be made of four layers. When constructing garden paths and platforms, the following layer thicknesses must be adopted, not less than:

60 mm - lower (from crushed stone, gravel, slag);

20 mm - upper propping;

10 mm - top (from stone samples and slag);

5 mm - cover (from clean sand).

Each of the layers, after uniform distribution, must be compacted with water.

6.11 Asphalt concrete pavements may only be laid in dry weather. The bases for asphalt concrete pavements must be free of dirt and dry. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete pavements from hot and cold mixtures should not be lower than plus 5 °C in spring and summer and not lower than plus 10 °C in autumn. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete pavements from thermal mixtures should not be lower than minus 10 °C.

6.12 The base or layer of previously laid asphalt concrete must be treated with liquefied or liquid bitumen, or bitumen emulsion at the rate of 0.5 l/m 2 3 - 5 hours before laying the asphalt concrete mixture.

Pre-treatment with bitumen or bitumen emulsion is not required when laying asphalt concrete over a base constructed with organic binders or over a freshly laid asphalt concrete base layer.

6.13 To ensure a seamless connection of adjacent strips when laying asphalt concrete mixtures, asphalt pavers must be equipped with equipment for heating the edges of previously laid asphalt concrete strips. It is allowed to make a joint by laying the edge along the board.

6.14 Asphalt concrete pavements made from hot and thermal mixtures must be compacted in two stages. At the first stage, preliminary compaction is carried out by 5 - 6 passes over one place with light rollers at a speed of 2 km/h. At the second stage, the mixture is further compacted with heavy rollers by making 4 - 5 passes over one place at a speed of 5 km/h. The coating is considered rolled if a wave does not form on the coating in front of the roller and a roller mark is not imprinted. After 2 - 3 passes of light rollers, the evenness of the surface should be checked with a three-meter lath and a cross-slope template. The required number of passes of the roller in one place should be established by trial rolling. In places inaccessible to the skating rink, the asphalt concrete mixture should be compacted with hot metal tampers and smoothed with hot metal irons. The mixture should be compacted until the traces of impacts from the tamper on the surface of the coating completely disappear.

6.15 When installing asphalt concrete pavements, one should check the temperature of the mixture during laying and compaction, the evenness and thickness of the laid layer, the sufficiency of compaction of the mixture, the quality of the mating of the edges of the strips, and compliance with design parameters. To determine the physical and mechanical properties of the laid asphalt concrete pavement, cores or cuttings of at least one sample must be taken from an area of no more than 2000 m2.

The compaction coefficient of pavement made from hot or warm asphalt concrete mixture must be at least 0.93 10 days after compaction; water saturation - no more than 5%.

6.16 Monolithic concrete pavements should be installed on a sandy base, compacted to a density coefficient of at least 0.98. The difference in the marks of adjacent formwork elements (rail forms) should not exceed 5 mm. Frames of expansion joints and gaskets should be installed after preparing the base, installing and aligning the covering formwork. The gap between the formwork, frame and spacers should be no more than 5 mm. The gaps under a three-meter rail on the surface of the planned base should not exceed 10 mm.

6.17 The width of the unreinforced concrete covering strip should be no more than 4.5 m; the distance between compression seams is no more than 7 m and between expansion seams no more than 42 m. When constructing seams, the expanded ends of the pins of the movable part of the seam should be no further than the middle of the tubes put on these pins.

Water and cement laitance, which appear on the surface of concrete during its compaction, must be removed beyond the boundaries of the covering slab. When constructing concrete pavements, special attention should be paid to compacting the concrete at expansion joints and in areas adjacent to the formwork.

6.18 The laid concrete covering must be covered and protected from dehydration after the disappearance of excess moisture from its surface, but no later than 4 hours from the moment of laying. As protective coatings, film-forming materials, bitumen and tar emulsions or a layer of sand (at least 10 cm thick) scattered over one layer of bituminized paper should be used. The sand must be kept wet for at least two weeks.

6.19 In the case of cutting expansion joints using cutters with diamond discs, the strength of the coating concrete must be at least 100 kgf/cm2. The seams must be cut to a depth equal to at least 1/4 of the coating thickness and filled with mastics. Removal of wooden slats from compression and expansion joints should be carried out no earlier than two weeks after installation of the coating. When removing slats, it is necessary to avoid breaking the edges of the seams.

6.20 Filling the joints with mastics should be done after clearing and drying the concrete of the joint. To fill the joints of the coating, hot mastics should be used, consisting of 80% bitumen and 20% mineral filler powder, introduced into heated bitumen when preparing the mastic. Mastics should be prepared centrally and delivered to the place of their use in insulated containers. The heating temperature of bitumen for preparing mastics and mastics during their installation should be +(160 °C - 180 °C).

6.21 The coating, which has been cured even in winter, should not be subjected to transport impacts in the spring for a month after complete thawing of the coating, if the concrete has not been artificially heated until it reaches full strength.

6.22 Slabs of prefabricated coverings of intra-block driveways, sidewalks and platforms should be laid downhill on a pre-prepared base, starting from a lighthouse row located along the axis of the covering or along its edge, depending on the direction of surface water flow. Laying should be carried out from yourself, moving the slab-laying machines along the laid coating. The landing of slabs on a sandy base should be carried out using vibratory landing machines, and rolling - by vehicles until the visible sediment of the slabs disappears. Recesses at the joints of adjacent slabs should not exceed 5 mm. Filling the seams of the slabs with sealing materials should be done immediately after the installation of the slabs is completed.

6.23 Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete slabs of sidewalks and pedestrian paths, not designed to withstand an 8-ton axial load from vehicles, should be laid on a sandy base with a width of paths and sidewalks up to 2 m. The sandy base should be at least 3 cm thick with a side support from the soil, be compacted - the density coefficient must be at least 0.98 m to ensure complete adhesion of the tiles when laying them. The presence of gaps in the base when checking it with a template or control rod is not allowed.

A tight fit of the tiles to the base is achieved by settling them when laying and immersing the tiles in the sand of the base up to 2 mm. The joints between the tiles should be no more than 15 mm, the vertical displacements in the joints between the tiles should be no more than 2 mm.

6.24 When installing cement concrete pavements, the following must be checked: the density and evenness of the base, the correct installation of formwork and joints, the thickness of the coating (by taking one core from a site of no more than 2000 m2), the concrete care regime, the evenness of the coating and the absence of cement films on its surface milk.

6.25 Side stones should be installed on a soil base compacted to a density of at least 0.98 or on a concrete base sprinkled with soil on the outside or reinforced with concrete. The board must follow the design profile of the coating. Recesses at the joints of side stones in plan and profile are not allowed. At the intersections of intra-block driveways and garden paths, curved side stones should be installed. The construction of a curved side with a radius of 15 m or less from straight stones is not allowed. The seams between the stones should be no more than 10 mm.

The mortar for filling joints must be prepared using Portland cement of a class not lower than B30 and its mobility must correspond to 5 - 6 cm of immersion of a standard cone.

At the intersections of intra-block driveways and pedestrian paths with sidewalks, approaches to sites and roadways of streets, side stones should be buried with smooth junctions to ensure the passage of children's and wheelchairs, sleds, as well as the entry of vehicles. Warning tactile strips should be placed in these places (Appendix).

In climatic subregions with an average monthly temperature of January minus 28 °C and below, July plus 0 °C and above, severe long winters, with a snow cover height of up to 1.2 m and permafrost soils, the construction of side walls made of monolithic concrete of a compressive strength class is allowed not lower than B25 and frost resistance grade not less than F200.

To accommodate the loads that arise when clearing snow, the dimensions of the side wall should be increased in height and width by 5 cm compared to the dimensions of the side stones.

6.26 The blind areas around the perimeter of the buildings must be tightly adjacent to the base of the building. The slope of the blind area must be at least 1% and no more than 10%.

In places inaccessible to the operation of mechanisms, the base under the blind area can be compacted manually until the imprints from the impacts of the tamper disappear and the movement of the compacted material stops.

The horizontal and vertical curvature of the outer edge of the blind area within the straight sections should not be more than 10 mm. The concrete blind area must meet the frost resistance requirements for road concrete.

6.27 The steps of external stairs must be made of concrete with a compressive strength class of at least B25 and a frost resistance grade of at least F150 and have a slope of at least 1% towards the overlying step, as well as along the step.

7 FENCES

7.1 Fences should be constructed primarily in the form of hedges made from single-row or multi-row plantings of shrubs, from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, metal sections, wood and wire, and from polymer materials. When choosing a material, you should be guided by the architectural design, purpose, safety, economic and environmental feasibility.

7.2 Permanent and temporary fences should be installed taking into account the following technological requirements:

The center lines of the fence must be fixed on the ground by installing directional signs, the durability of which should be determined based on the specific conditions of the construction;

The trench under the fence plinth must be dug mechanically with a margin of up to 10 cm in width on both sides of the axis and 10 cm deeper than the position mark of the bottom of the plinth (for installing a drainage layer). The length of the grip of the trench to be torn off should be set taking into account the shedding of soil from the walls of the trench;

The holes for the fence posts should be drilled to a depth of 10 cm greater than the installation depth of the posts to make it possible to install the top of the posts along one horizontal line over areas as long as possible, install a drainage cushion and eliminate the need for manual cleaning of the bottom of the hole; in clays and loams the depth of the holes should be at least 80 cm, and in sands and sandy loams - at least 1 m;

The drainage material in pits and trenches must be compacted: sand-irrigated, gravel and crushed stone - compacted to a state in which the movement of crushed stone and gravel under the influence of compacting agents stops. In sandy and sandy loam soils, drainage pads are not made under plinths and fence posts.

7.3 Fences in the form of a hedge should be constructed by planting one row of shrubs in pre-prepared trenches with a width and depth of at least 50 cm. For each subsequent row of planting shrubs, the width of the trenches should be increased by 20 cm. Trees, and also wire fillings on racks. Hedges should be arranged in accordance with the range of shrubs.

7.4 Fences on posts installed without concreting the underground part should be installed immediately after installation of the posts. Fences made of reinforced concrete or metal posts installed with concreting of the underground part should be installed no earlier than two weeks after concreting the bottom of the posts.

7.5 Wooden posts for fences must have a diameter of at least 14 cm; length - based on the architectural design.

The part of the post immersed in the ground for at least 1 m must be protected from rotting by coating with heated bitumen or firing in a fire until a coal layer is formed. The top of the post should be pointed at an angle of 120°.

7.6 Racks without shoes should be installed in holes with a diameter of 30 cm and backfilled with a mixture of soil and crushed stone or gravel with layer-by-layer compaction during the backfilling process. At the ground level, the stand should be covered with a cone of soil up to 5 cm high.

Racks reinforced in the ground by concreting the underground part should be concreted only after their vertical and horizontal positions have been verified.

The vertical deviation of the posts, as well as their position in plan, should not exceed 10 mm.

Fences made of wire stretched over posts should be erected, starting with the installation of corner diagonal and cross braces between the posts. Cross connections between racks should be installed no more than 50 m apart.

7.7 Diagonal and cross braces must be cut into the posts, tightly fitted and secured with brackets. The connections should be cut into the racks to a depth of 2 cm with the contact planes pressed and nailed until they fit tightly. The staples must be driven perpendicular to the axis of the connecting element. The top of the communication post should be cut at a height of at least 20 cm from the beginning of the point. In the lower part - no higher than 20 cm from the ground surface.

7.8 The wire fence must follow the terrain. The wire should be installed in rows parallel to the ground at least every 25 cm. The barbed wire fence is complemented by cross-shaped intersections of the wire in each section. All intersections of parallel rows of barbed wire with cross rows must be connected with tying wire.

7.9 When installing wire fences, the wire should be attached, starting from the bottom row, at a height of no more than 20 cm from the ground surface. The wire should be fastened to wooden posts with nails. Wire, diagonal and cross braces must be attached to reinforced concrete and metal racks with special grips provided for in the project.

The wire should be tensioned until its deflection disappears. The length of the tensioned wire should be no more than 50 m.

7.10 Fences made of steel mesh must be made in the form of sections installed between the posts.

Sections to the racks should be secured by welding to the embedded parts. Posts for steel mesh fences can be installed in advance or simultaneously with the installation of sections - in this case, the posts should be secured in the ground after checking the position of the fence in plan and profile, the posts - vertically and the top of the sections - horizontally. Metal and reinforced concrete racks should be secured with concrete.

7.11 Fences made of precast reinforced concrete elements must be installed, starting with the installation of the first two posts on temporary fastenings that hold the posts in a vertical position. The grooves in the posts must be cleaned and prefabricated fencing elements must be inserted into them. The assembled section must be installed on temporary fastenings in the design position. After this, the section filling panel must be pressed with mounting clamps until it fits snugly against the posts in the grooves. Then the third post is installed on temporary fastenings and the filling of the second section of the fence is assembled and fastened in the same way. After installing several sections of the fence, you should check its position in plan and horizontally and concrete all the posts except the last one, which should be concreted after assembling and checking the position of the next few sections of the fence. The posts of a prefabricated reinforced concrete fence must be concreted and kept on temporary fastenings for at least one week. The concrete for fastening the racks must be of a compressive strength class of at least B15 and a frost resistance grade of at least F50.

7.12 In places where the ground surface is low and on slopes, bedding or additional plinths should be constructed, placing the sections horizontally, in ledges with a height difference of no more than 1/4 of the section height.

The plinths should be made from standard elements or from brick with a width of at least 39 cm. The top of the brick plinth must be covered with a gable drain made of mortar of a class not lower than B10 and a frost resistance grade of at least F50.

7.13 When constructing fences on permafrost soils, the posts must be buried at least 1 m below the active layer of permafrost. It is allowed to backfill the racks with non-cohesive soils or coat the bottom of the racks with anti-heaving waterproofing grease to the entire depth of immersion in the soil.

7.14 Acceptance of fences must be carried out by checking the straightness and verticality of the fence.

Deviations in the position of the entire fence and its individual elements in plan, vertically and horizontally by more than 20 mm, as well as the presence of defects that affect the aesthetic perception of the fence or its strength are not allowed. Diagonal and cross ties must be tightly fitted and securely fastened. Fence posts should not swing. Prefabricated fencing elements must fit tightly into the grooves.

Metal elements of fences and welded joints must be painted with weather-resistant paints.

8. OPEN FLAT SITES AND SPORTS FACILITIES

8.1 Locations of open planar physical education, sports, physical education, leisure and children's playgrounds must comply with the requirements of SP 42.13330, SanPiN 2.2.1./2.1.1.1200, GOST R 52024 and GOST R 52025.

8.2 When designing open planar physical education and sports facilities, the technological requirements of the sports training process and physical education and recreation activities should be taken into account - the recommended requirements are given in; they must be accessible to people with limited mobility - the procedure for ensuring accessibility is given in.

8.3 The construction of the underlying layer should be carried out by layer-by-layer spreading and compaction of this soil layer. When compacting the soil of the underlying layers with rollers weighing 1.2 tons, the thickness of the compacted layers should not exceed 30 cm for cohesive soils and sands with a particle size modulus of less than 2 and 20 cm for sands with a particle size module of more than 2. The required soil compaction should be achieved with 12 - 15 passes skating rink in one place.

8.4 Filter layers must be carried out in compliance with measures to prevent clogging of the voids between the stones and reduce the filtering capacity of the layer. When pouring layers, the larger stone should be laid down and the smaller stone on top.

The minimum stone size for the body of the filter layer must be at least 70 mm. The placement of stone in the filter layer should be carried out using leveling machines that compact the filter layer during its construction.

8.5 Elements of equipment for recreation areas (benches, sandboxes, fungi, canopies, etc.) must be made in accordance with the design, securely fastened, painted with moisture-resistant paints and meet the following requirements:

wooden - protected from rotting, made of coniferous wood of at least 2nd grade, smoothly planed;

concrete and reinforced concrete - made of concrete of class not lower than B25, frost resistance grade not less than F150, surfaces must be smooth;

metal - must be securely connected.

Elements loaded with dynamic influences (swings, carousels, stairs, etc.) must be checked for reliability and stability.

8.6 Soil microrelief slopes must have slopes not exceeding the angles of natural repose of the soil from which they are filled, and be sodded, seeded or landscaped in accordance with the requirements of the section “Greening of built-up areas”.

8.7 Devices for attaching flag holders, signs, advertising, etc. must be made during the construction of buildings or structures in places established by the project, the designer’s supervision representative or the customer’s technical supervision inspection.

8.8 The sand in playground sandboxes should not contain any admixtures of gravel, silt and clay. For sandboxes, sifted washed river sand should be used. The use of mountain sand is not allowed.

8.9 The covering of playgrounds should be made from modern materials that ensure injury safety, environmental friendliness and aesthetic appearance (crumb rubber, rubber plates, granules or ethylene-propylene rubber, plastic coating, artificial grass and others). Proposals for improvement of the local area are given in.

9 GREENING OF BUILDED TERRITORIES

9.1 Seedlings of trees and shrubs for landscaping areas must comply with GOST 24835, decorative deciduous trees GOST 24909, coniferous trees GOST 25769, ornamental shrubs GOST 26869, garden trees and shrubs, and architectural forms GOST 28055.

9.2 Landscaping work should be carried out only after laying out plant soil, constructing driveways, sidewalks, paths, platforms and fences and removing construction waste after construction.

Work on spreading plant soil should be carried out, if possible, over large areas, allocating only areas limited by driveways and areas with hard, improved surfaces for backfilling with plant soil. Troughs for openings, platforms, sidewalks and paths with other types of coverings should be cut in a layer of poured and compacted plant soil. For this purpose, the plant soil adjacent to these structures in a strip of no more than 6 m should be filled with minus height tolerances (no more than minus 5 cm from the design elevations).

9.3 Vegetable soil must be spread over a planned base, plowed to a depth of at least 10 cm. The surface of the settled plant layer must be no more than 2 cm below the bordering edge.

9.4 Vegetable soil, preserved for landscaping the territory in its natural state, must be prepared for carrying out work on landscaping the territory in accordance with agrotechnical requirements that are most appropriate to the climatic conditions of the subdistrict in which the facility under construction or reconstruction is located.

9.5 Planting sites for planting trees and shrubs must be prepared in advance so that they can be exposed to atmospheric influences and solar radiation for as long as possible. It is allowed to prepare the seats immediately before planting.

9.6 The pits for planting standard seedlings and seedlings with a lump should be 75 - 90 cm deep, for seedlings with a tap root system - 80 - 100 cm. Standard seedlings should be planted in holes with a diameter of 60 - 80 cm. The size of the pits for planting seedlings with a lump should be be 0.5 m larger than the largest size of the coma.

9.7 Shrubs and vines should be planted in holes and trenches 50 cm deep. For single bushes and vines, the diameter of the holes should be 50 cm. The width of trenches for group planting of shrubs should be 50 cm for single-row planting with an addition of 20 cm for each subsequent row of planting.

The depth and diameter of the holes for perennial flowering plants should be 40 cm.

9.8 Planting material in nurseries should be accepted only from special trenches.

Planting material from trees of coniferous, evergreen and deciduous (over 10 years old) species, as well as trees that are difficult to transplant (walnut, oak, Pissardi plum, plane tree, thuja, birch), should be accepted only in a lump immediately after digging them out from the growing sites.

9.9 Trees and seedlings with a trunk with a diameter of up to 5 cm at a height of 1.3 m from the root collar must have lumps with a diameter or side size of at least 70 cm. For every 1 cm increase in trunk diameter, the diameter or side size of the lump must be increased by 10 cm. The height of the coma should be 50 - 60 cm and for seedlings with a taproot system - 70 - 90 cm.

9.10 The lump should be packed in nurseries in a tightly fitting package. The voids in the lump itself, as well as between the lump and the packaging, should be filled with plant soil.

9.11 Plants with exposed root systems can be transported on flatbed vehicles, tightly packed in the body, covered with damp straw or moss, as well as a tarpaulin. Transportation of people, as well as cargo in the bodies of on-board vehicles simultaneously with the transported planting material is not allowed. Plants with bare root systems intended for transportation by rail, water and air must be packed in bales weighing no more than 50 kg.

9.12 Work on landscaping areas should be carried out depending on the climatic conditions of the subdistricts in accordance with SP 131.13330 within the time limits specified in Appendix 2.

9.13 Unpacked plants delivered to the landscaping site, if they cannot be planted immediately, must be unloaded directly into the trench, and baled plants must be unpacked and buried. The pinning area should be located in an elevated place, protected from the prevailing winds. Plants in trenches should be positioned with their roots facing north. The planted soil should be kept moderately moist.

9.14 Damaged roots and branches of plants must be cut off before planting. Sections of branches and places of damage should be cleaned and covered with garden putty or painted over. When planting seedlings with an exposed root system, stakes should be driven into planting holes, protruding 1.3 m above ground level. When planting seedlings, plant soil should be filled into the lower part of planting holes and trenches. The roots of the seedlings should be dipped in earthen slurry. When planting, it is necessary to ensure that the voids between the roots of the planted plants are filled with soil. As the holes and trenches are filled, the soil in them should be compacted from the walls to the center. The height of installation of plants in a hole or trench should ensure the position of the root collar at the level of the ground surface after the soil settles. After planting, seedlings should be tied to stakes installed in holes. Planted plants should be watered abundantly. The soil that has settled after the first watering should be added the next day and the plants should be watered again.

9.15 Holes and trenches in which clod-bearing plants will be planted must be filled with plant soil to the bottom of the clod. When planting plants with a packaged ball, the packaging should be removed only after the plant is finally installed in place. If the soil of the earthen coma is poorly cohesive, the wooden packaging does not need to be removed.

9.16 When planting trees and shrubs in filter soils, a layer of loam with a thickness of at least 15 cm should be laid at the bottom of the planting places. On saline soils, at the bottom of the planting sites, drainage should be arranged from crushed stone, gravel or fascines with a thickness of at least 10 cm.

9.17 When planting plants during the growing season, the following requirements must be met: seedlings must only have a lump packed in a hard container (packing a lump in a soft container is allowed only for planting material dug out from dense clay soils), a time gap between digging out the planting material and its landing should be minimal; During transportation, the crowns of plants must be tied and protected from drying out; after planting, the crowns of seedlings and bushes should be thinned by removing up to 30% of the leaf apparatus, shaded and regularly (at least twice a week) washed with water for a month.

9.18 In order to make maximum use of the autumn period for landscaping areas, it is allowed to dig up planting sites, plant and transplant seedlings with a clod of earth at outside temperatures not lower than minus 15 °C. In this case, the following additional requirements must be met: the soil around the plants intended for transplantation, as well as in the places where they are planted, must be protected from freezing by loosening and filling with dry leaves, loose soil, dry loose snow or covered with insulating mats made from scrap materials ( brushwood, straw, shields, etc.);

Planting sites should be prepared immediately before planting; the plant should be installed at the planting site on a cushion of thawed soil; backfilling of trenches around the lump and exposed root system should be done with thawed plant soil; when planting with a lump, an admixture of frozen lumps with a size of no more than 15 cm and a volume of no more than 10% of the total volume of the backfilled soil is allowed; lumps of frozen soil should not be concentrated in one place; when planting seedlings with bare root systems, the use of frozen soil is not allowed; after planting, the plants must be watered and the hole must be protected from freezing; gartering of planted plants should be done in the spring.

9.19 Coniferous seedlings should be planted only in winter at temperatures not lower than minus 25 ° C and wind speeds not exceeding 10 m/s. In permafrost conditions, planting trees and coniferous seedlings should be done in the spring. In this case, a time gap between digging, transporting and planting plants is not allowed.

9.20 Seedlings planted in winter, after the soil has thawed, should be strengthened on guy wires, which should be attached to the trunk with clamps with soft pads and tightened as they weaken.

9.21 Lianas with suckers should be planted in planting areas with a diameter and depth of at least 50 cm.

Elements of auxiliary equipment for vertical gardening should be used as supports for securing vines.

9.22 Planting female poplars and mulberries in populated areas, which pollute the territory and air during fruiting, is not allowed.

9.23 Lawns should be arranged on fully prepared and leveled plant soil, the top layer of which should be harrowed to a depth of 8 - 10 cm before sowing lawn mixtures. Sowing of lawns should be done with seeders for sowing lawn grass. Seeds finer than 1 mm should be sown in a mixture with dry sand , in a 1:1 ratio by volume. Seeds larger than 1 mm should be sown pure.

When sowing a lawn, the seeds should be planted to a depth of 1 cm. To plant the seeds, light harrows or rollers with spikes and brushes should be used. After sowing the seeds, the lawn must be rolled with a roller weighing up to 100 kg. On soils that form a crust, rolling is not performed.

9.24 The seed sowing rate per 1 m2 of sown area must be no less than:

5 g - meadow bluegrass and red clover;

15 g - red fescue;

10 g - perennial raygrass, meadow fescue and awnless brome;

3 g - timothy and white clover;

1.5 g - white bentgrass.

9.25 Flower seedlings must be well rooted and symmetrically developed, and should not be elongated or intertwined. Perennials must have at least three leaf buds or stems. Tubers of flowering plants should be full with at least two healthy eyes. The bulbs should be full and dense.

9.26 Flower seedlings must be kept in shaded areas and in a moist state before planting.

Flowers should be planted in the morning or towards the end of the day. In cloudy weather, flowers can be planted throughout the day. Flowers should be planted in moist soil. Compressing and twisting the roots of flowers when planting is not allowed. After the first three waterings, the soil of the flower garden should be sprinkled with sifted humus or peat (mulching). In the absence of mulching, loosening the soil of flower beds and weeding them should be done once a week and carried out for a month.

9.27 Green spaces during planting and during their care should be watered at the rate of 20 liters per standard seedling; 50 liters per tree with a lump up to 1×1 m in size; 100 liters per tree with a lump measuring 1×1 m or more; 10 liters per bush or vine; 5 liters per plant in flower beds with perennial flowers; 10 l/m2 of planted flower seedlings or lawn. When caring for coniferous trees, loosening and digging of trunk circles is not allowed.

9.28 Acceptance of landscaping must be carried out taking into account the following requirements:

The thickness of the layer of plant soil in places where it is spread must be at least 10 cm. The check is carried out by removing a 30x30 cm pit for every 1000 m2 of planted areas, but not less than one per closed contour of any area;

The suitability of plant soil must meet the requirements of GOST 26213. If any additives were added to the soil, this must be confirmed by entries in the work log;

The planting material planted must comply with the project or groups of interchangeability of tree species plants (Appendix);

Availability of passports and quarantine certificates for planting material, seeds and flower seedlings;

The number of unestablished trees, seedlings, bushes and perennial flowers should not exceed 20%.

If there is a larger percentage of non-established plants, they must be replaced and re-examined. By decisions of municipal authorities, the percentage of plant mortality can be specified taking into account local conditions.

9.29 Contractors are responsible for the quality of the landscaping work performed in the manner established for general construction work.

10 IMPROVEMENT IN TERRITORIES OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

10.1 When developing scientific and design documentation for the implementation of work to preserve works of landscape architecture and garden art, it is necessary to be guided by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipal legal acts adopted in the prescribed manner by technical regulations, national and other standards.

10.2 All work carried out at cultural heritage sites should be included in a single technological process, with a single task:

Pre-project studies;

Development of scientific and design documentation for the implementation of work to preserve works of landscape architecture and gardening art.

10.3 The composition and procedure for the development of scientific and design documentation for the implementation of work on conservation, repair, restoration, adaptation to modern use of works of landscape architecture and gardening art are determined in accordance with GOST R 55935, archaeological surveys - in accordance with GOST R 55627.

10.4 Adaptation of an object of landscape architecture and garden art to modern use - landscaping, arrangement of engineering and technical support systems, installation of fences, construction of small architectural forms (decorative and utilitarian) - ramps, stairs, retaining walls, bridges, benches, gazebos, lanterns, fountains, trash cans, laying a road and path network, etc., in order to improve the fire, sanitary, environmental and aesthetic condition and perception of objects, as well as their accessibility for the population of all categories, subject to the preservation of the historical, artistic and aesthetic appearance of the object .

Appendix A

Purpose of the tile	Dimensions	Tactile tile placement	Corrugation shape
Attention, underground passage	A tactile-contrast strip with a depth of 500 to 600 mm, a width equal to the width of the transition accessible for the visually impaired, laid out on the sidewalk at a distance of 300 mm in front of the first step of the transition staircase	Along the edge of the first step of the stairs	With reefs like truncated cones arranged in a linear pattern
Attention, land crossing	A tactile-contrast strip with a depth of 500 to 600 mm, a width equal to the width of the transition, laid out on the sidewalk in front of the transition at a distance of 300 mm from the curb stone	Along the edge of the roadway (on the sidewalk)	With longitudinal reefs located in the direction of movement through the transition
Attention, ground crossing at an angle of 90° in the direction of travel	Tactile-contrast stripes with a depth of 500 to 600 mm, a width equal to the width of the sidewalk, laid out on both sides of the sidewalk before entering the crossing	Across the pedestrian path (sidewalk) on both sides in front of the lined strip indicating “Attention, ground crossing”	With diagonal reefs, the direction of which indicates the direction of the turn towards the pedestrian crossing
Guide tracks	Strip depth 500 mm - 600 mm	Along a wall or obstacle	With longitudinal reefs
Attention, turn left (right)	Square tiles 500×500 mm or 600×600 mm	At the turning point	With diagonal reefs
Attention, traffic light mast	Tactile-contrast stripes with a depth of 500 to 600 mm, laid out on all sides in front of the traffic light mast at a distance of 300 mm from it	Lay out in a square or circle around the traffic light mast	With reefs like truncated cones, arranged in a checkerboard pattern	autumn planting	start of sowing	end of sowing
1. Climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January from -28 °C and below and July ±0 °C and above, with harsh long winters and snow cover heights of up to 1.2 m. Permafrost soils	May	September
2. Climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January from -15 °C and above and in July from +25 °C and above, with hot sunny summers and short winters. Subsidence soils	March	October November
3. Other areas		September October
Note - In some cases, the local administration may clarify the specified planting dates, taking into account local climatic and agrotechnical conditions, as well as taking into account the beginning or end of the growing season of the plant root system. Flowers should be planted during the following periods of flowering and carpet annuals that do not overwinter in the ground - after the end of spring frosts; biennials and perennials overwintering in the ground - in autumn and spring; bulbous plants overwintering in the ground - in autumn.

Appendix B

1 Elm (smooth, rough), oak (pedunculate, red), ash (common, downy, Pennsylvania, green), linden (small-leaved, large-leaved, Caucasian), horse chestnut, ailanthus, walnut (walnut, gray, black), sycamore (eastern, western), hornbeam, beech, liquidambr, ginkgo.

2 White poplar, trembling poplar (aspen).

3 Canadian poplar, fragrant, balsam, bay leaf, Maksimovich, Berlin, Moscow, Simoni.

4 Birch (warty, downy, stone), Simoni poplar, bird cherry, silver maple, catalpa.

5 White willow, Babylonian willow.

6 Pissardi plum, Schwedler-shaped Norway maple.

7 Clay (holly, field, sycamore), elm (smooth, rough), small-leaved linden.

8 Spruce (common, prickly), larch (Siberian, European), Douglas fir, hemlock, false hemlock.

9 Pine (common, black, Crimean, Weymut), Siberian pine (cedar).

10 Poplar (pyramidal, Turkestan or Bolle), white pyramidal acacia, pyramidal oak, cypress.

11 White acacia, three-spined glecia, Japanese sphora.

12 Pinnately branched elm, birch bark, elm.

13 Norway maple, spherical shape; elm is pinnately branched, spherical in shape.

14 Rowan (common, Swedish, powdery, oak-leaved, oak-leaved), bird cherry, Tatarian maple, cork tree, Judas tree, soap tree, vinegar tree, tulip tree.

15 Thuja (western, eastern), juniper (common, Cossack), cypress, cypress.

16 Cherry, apple tree, pear, sweet cherry, apricot, mulberry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SP 31-115-2006 Open planar physical education and sports facilities

Order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation dated August 24, 2015 No. 825 “On approval The procedure for ensuring conditions of accessibility for disabled people of objects and services provided in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as providing disabled people with the necessary assistance"

Proposals for improvement of the local area in the children's area sports and gaming infrastructure (attachment to the letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2010 No. 42053-IB/14)

The role of landscaping and landscaping of healthcare facilities

As a rule, all healthcare institutions, especially those in which patients are treated as inpatients, have adjacent areas that require improvement. A well-groomed appearance of these areas is necessary to create an overall favorable impression and conditions for patients to walk and relax.

Modern medical institutions - district, city or regional hospitals, public or private clinics, tuberculosis or oncology dispensaries, numerous diagnostic centers, etc. – it is impossible to imagine without a park, square or garden. They are characterized by the presence of many paths for walking, green lawns and colorful flower beds. Cozy gazebos, benches for relaxation, a fountain, a greenhouse or a winter garden create favorable conditions for patients.

Landscaping is a system of measures aimed at improving the microclimate, creating a clean ecological environment suitable for life and recreation. It also includes the creation of water and energy supply systems, the reduction of noise pollution, and the improvement of roads. It is the combination of all these actions that ensures our well-being in the environment. Improvement in the territory of healthcare institutions is especially important, since it is people suffering from certain diseases who need it most of all.

The tasks of landscaping and landscaping the territory of hospital complexes include:

Improving sanitary and hygienic conditions in terms of clean air and area, good insolation and ventilation, protection from wind, noise and dust;

Creating favorable conditions for therapeutic effects on sick and recovering people, improving the architectural appearance of buildings.

Regulatory documents on landscaping and landscaping

SP 82.13330.2011 “SNiP III-10-75 Landscaping”.

In this set of rules, the terms according to SP 42.13330 are used, and the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

1.alley: Free-growing or shaped trees planted in one or more rows on both sides of pedestrian or traffic roads;

2. arabesque: A flower bed or element of a flower garden with an ornate geometric-vegetal pattern, the creation of which uses decorative herbaceous plants, molded shrubs and non-plant material;

3.balance of green territory: The ratio of areas in green territory occupied by plantings, roads, playgrounds, structures or allocated for various functional zones;

4. landscaping of the territory: A set of measures for engineering preparation and security, landscaping, installation of coverings, lighting, placement of small architectural forms and objects of monumental art;

5.border: A narrow strip of low-growing shrubs, perennials or annuals, bordering lawns, playgrounds, paths, flower beds;

6.vertical gardening: Decorating vertical planes with climbing, climbing, cascading plants;

7.lawn: Grass cover created by sowing seeds of specially selected grasses, which is the background for plantings and park structures and an independent element of the landscape composition;

8. planting density: The number of plants planted per unit area;

9. hedge: Free-growing or shaped shrubs, less often trees, planted in one or more rows, performing a decorative, fencing or camouflage function;

10.green spaces: A set of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in a certain area;

11.flower bed: A flower bed of regular geometric shape with a flat or rising profile towards the center, one of the main elements of floral design of architectural and landscape objects;

12.carpet plants: Low decorative deciduous or profusely flowering herbaceous plants, each of which in the mass produces a surface of a certain color;

13. small architectural forms: Artificial elements of landscape gardening composition: gazebos, rotundas, pergolas, trellises, benches, arches, plant sculptures, kiosks, pavilions, playground equipment, canopies, etc.;

14.mixborder: An elongated flower garden created against the background of a wall or dense planting, from various types of flower plants, harmoniously linked into a single whole and ensuring continuity of flowering;

15. Landscaping norm: The area of green public areas per inhabitant;

16.planting rate: The number of wood and shrubs planted per 1 hectare of green area;

17.standardized set of improvement elements: The required minimum combination of improvement elements to create a safe, comfortable and attractive environment on the territory of the municipality. A standardized set of landscaping elements is established as part of local norms and rules for landscaping the territory by the local government body;

18.territorial improvement objects: Territories for various functional purposes where improvement activities are carried out: sites, courtyards, blocks, functional planning formations, territories of administrative districts and districts of urban districts, as well as territories allocated according to the principle of a unified urban planning regulation (protection zones ) or visual-spatial perception (square with buildings, street with adjacent territory and buildings), other territories of the municipality;

19.objects of regulation of territory improvement: Territories for which the norms and rules for territory improvement establish: a standardized set of improvement elements, norms and rules for their placement on a given territory. Such territories may be: sites for various functional purposes, pedestrian communications, driveways, public spaces, areas and zones of public, residential 8 development, sanitary protection zones of industrial development, recreational facilities, street and road network of a settlement, technical (security and operational) utility zones;

20. edging: A flower bed of regular oblong shape, usually arranged along paths and walls, the length of which is three or more times the width;

21.flower bed: A geometric or free-form area with planted one-, two-, or perennial flower plants;

22.trellis: A narrow strip of low-growing shrubs, perennials or annuals, bordering lawns, playgrounds, paths, flower beds;

23. elements of landscaping: Decorative, technical, planning, structural devices, plant components, various types of equipment and design, small architectural forms, non-permanent non-stationary structures, outdoor advertising and information used as components of landscaping.

The project for organizing sanitary protection zones (SPZ) includes: - measures for improvement and landscaping of the sanitary protection zone; - proposals for functional, construction, landscape zoning and planning organization of the territory; -calculation of the costs of organizing a sanitary protection zone, including the cost of landscaping and landscaping of the territory, as well as costs associated with the seizure of land for the organization of a sanitary protection zone and the removal of housing, children's, medical and other institutions, the placement of which in the sanitary protection zone is not allowed; sequence of work.

GOST 28055-89

SEEDLINGS OF TREES AND SHRUBS. GARDEN AND ARCHITECTURAL FORMS TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Characteristics

1. The appearance of the seedling must correspond to the form of cultivation accepted for the breed. Portal of regulatory documents [email protected] The document was downloaded from the regulatory portal.

2. The crown of a garden-shaped seedling must have characteristic varietal characteristics (for example, a weeping crown, creeping crown). The crown of an architecturally shaped seedling must correspond to its name (for example, spherical, pyramidal, etc.) or the established pattern.

3. The seedlings should not have mechanical damage, as well as external signs of damage by pests and diseases.

4. Depending on the quality, seedlings are divided into groups and commercial varieties in accordance with the quality requirements established: for seedlings of garden forms of deciduous deciduous trees - in table. 12; for seedlings of garden forms of coniferous and deciduous evergreen trees, including flower-leaved trees - in table. 3 - 7; for seedlings of garden forms of shrubs - in table. 8 - 11, 13; for seedlings of architectural forms of deciduous trees - in table. 12.

5. Seedlings of trees and shrubs must have a symmetrical crown (except for weeping and creeping forms); tree and shrub seedlings of standard form must have a straight standard. For seedlings of the 2nd grade, asymmetry of the crown and curvature of the trunk not exceeding 5 cm are allowed.

6. Seedlings can be with or without an earthen lump - with a bare root system. The earthen plant of seedlings in a horizontal section should have a circle with the diameter indicated in the table. 1 - 12, or a square with the same size sides.

SNiP III-10-75
________________
Registered by Rosstandart as SP 82.13330.2011. -
Database manufacturer's note.

BUILDING REGULATIONS

RULES FOR PRODUCTION AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

TERRITORY IMPROVEMENT

Date of introduction 1976 -07-01

Chapter SPiP III-10-75 “Improvement of Territories” was developed by Giprokommunstroy of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR with the participation of the Central Research Institute of Electrical Design of Spectacular Buildings and Sports Facilities of the Gosgrazhdanstroy, the Soyuzsportproekt Institute of the USSR Sports Committee and the Rostov Research Institute of the Academy of Public Utilities named after. K.D. Pamfilova.

Editors: engineers A.I. Davydov (Gosstroy of the USSR), L.N. Gavrikov (Giprokommunstroy Mnizhilkommunkhoz RSFSR).

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the RSFSR.

APPROVED by Resolution of the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction Affairs dated September 25, 1975 No. 158.

INSTEAD of chapter SNiP III-K.2-67 and SN 37-58.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The rules of this chapter must be observed during the production and acceptance of work on landscaping areas, including preparing them for development, working with plant soil, constructing intra-block driveways, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, playgrounds, fences, open planar sports facilities, equipping recreation areas and landscaping.

The rules apply to work on the improvement of territories and sites for housing, civil, cultural, domestic and industrial production purposes.

1.2. Work on landscaping must be carried out in accordance with working drawings in compliance with the technological requirements provided for by the rules of this chapter and work projects.

1.3. Work on the preparation of territories should begin with marking the places for collecting and embanking plant soil, as well as places for replanting plants that will be used for landscaping the territory.

Vegetable soil used for landscaping areas, depending on the climatic subregions, should be harvested by removing the top cover of the earth to a depth:

7-20 cm - for podzolic soils in climatic subregions with average monthly temperatures in January minus 28 ° C and below, July - ±0 ° C and above, severe long winters with a snow cover height of up to 1.2 m and permafrost soils. Permafrost soil should be harvested in the summer as it thaws and moved to dumps near roads for subsequent removal;

7-20 cm - on podzolic soils and 60-80 cm - on chestnut and chernozem soils of other climatic subregions.

The thickness of the spread uncompacted layer of plant soil should be at least 15 cm for podzolic soils and 30 cm for other soils and in all climatic subregions.

1.7. The suitability of plant soil for landscaping must be determined by laboratory tests.

Improving the fertility of plant soil should be done by introducing mineral and organic fertilizers into the top layer of plant soil when spreading it.

1.8. After removing the plant soil, drainage from the entire surface of the construction site must be ensured.

1.11. The materials used in the performance of landscaping work are indicated in the project and must meet the requirements of the relevant standards and technical specifications.

1.12. Preparing areas for development should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Temporary drainage slopes must be at least 3%;