Se conjugation. Reflexive verbs

Verbos reflexivos

As in Russian, in Spanish there are so-called reflexive verbs. These are those verbs whose action is directed towards oneself. Compare the Russian words: raise - rise, bathe - bathe, wake up - awaken. This form of “reflexivity” in Russian is formed by the reflexive particle "-xia"

In Spanish, such verbs have a reflexive particle "-se", which is substituted for the infinitive:

sentar(plant) - sentar se (sit down)

levantar(lift up) - levantar se (get up)

mirar(look) - mirarse (look)

despertar(wake up) - despertarse (wake up, wake up)

• Nota importante! However, you should immediately remember that Russian and Spanish reflexive verbs do not always coincide.

For example, the phrase "wash your hands" in Spanish will be constructed with the reflexive verb "lavar" se las manos" (and Not "lavar las manos"), because This means washing “your own” hands. The phrase "lavar las manos" would mean "to wash someone's hands, but not one's own."

• Nota importante! Return particle "-se" when conjugating verbs, it changes its form in accordance with the person to whom the action relates. Also, this particle is separated from the verb and comes in front of it.

Ejemplos :

1) ¿A qué hora te levantas? - When do you get up? (levantarse - get up, rise)

- Me levanto a las ocho de la mañana - I get up at eight o'clock in the morning

2) Mi hermano no se lava las manos antes de comer - My brother doesn't wash his hands before eating (lavarse - wash, wash)

3) Nosotros nos bañamos en el mar cada día - We swim in the sea every day (bañarse - swim)

Reflexive verb conjugation

All Spanish reflexive verbs are conjugated as follows:

(Please note that verbs with spelling alternations can also have a reflexive form)

Ejercicios :

This exercise anticipates the main topic of the next lesson: “Cómo paso el día” (How I spend my day)

Explanations for the exercise :

luego - later

Perhaps the verb is the main part of speech in French. A verb is an action, and given the number of verb tenses in French grammar, we can conclude that the French pay special attention to the verb.

Today we would like to discuss the conjugation of French reflexive or pronominal verbs. In Russian, reflexive verbs are verbs ending in –xia. In French, these are verbs with reflexive pronouns.

A few words about reflexive verbs

We have already said more than once that in French there are three groups or three categories of verbs:

• The first group is verbs with endings – er:parl er
• Second group - ending – ir: rouge ir
• The third group (irregular verbs) – endings – re, –oir, –ir: comprend re ,v oir ,ven ir

As for reflexive verbs, they are also divided into three categories and have the same endings in the infinitive: the first group is se lav er , second group – s’évanou ir , third group (irregular verbs) – se repent ir , s'attend re .

But they have one peculiarity: such verbs are conjugated with reflexive pronouns - me , te , nous , vous , se. For example:

Se laver - to wash

Je me lave - I wash sya
Tu te laves - you wash Xia
Il/elle se lave – he/she washes Xia
Nous nous lavons – we wash Xia
Vous vous lavez – you wash sya
Ils/elles se lavent - they wash Xia

In the conjugation of reflexive verbs, reflexive pronouns agree with them in person and number. As a rule, reflexive pronouns come before the verb. An exception is the affirmative form of the imperative mood, in which reflexive pronouns are placed after the verb, and the pronoun te takes on the stressed form of the pronoun toi . Complex tense forms of reflexive verbs are formed with an auxiliary verb être – to be . Note:

Three types of reflexive verbs and their conjugation

There are three types of reflexive verbs in French. This:

• Verbs with the meaning of reflexivity (in Russian these are verbs with a particle –xia: wash, dress - se laver, s’habiller);
• Verbs expressing mutual reciprocity of action (in the meaning of “each other”: write to each other - s’écrire, love each other - s’aimer);
• Verbs with a passive meaning (to sell - se vendre).

Please note: if the reflexive verb is in a sentence in indefinite form, the reflexive particle must change and agree with the person to whom the verb refers: Je dois me decider. - I have to make up my mind.

Negative form reflexive verbs are formed as follows: negative particle ne is placed before the reflexive pronoun of the verb, and the second negation pas – after the verb (in complex tenses - after the auxiliary verb):

• Nous ne nous rencontrons pas aujourd'hui. - TodayWeNotlet's meet.
• Nous ne nous sommes pas rencontrés hier. - WeyesterdayNotmet.
• Je ne me change pas le soir. - INotchanging clothesIn the evening.
• Nous ne nous changers pas le soir. - WeNotlet's change clothesIn the evening.

The interrogative form begins with a question Est-ceque, then the pronoun, then the reflexive pronoun and the verb itself:

• Est-ce que tu te loves? - Youwash yourself?
• Est-ce que vous vous ê tes décides? - Youdecided?

In French there are a number of verbs that are used only in the reflexive form:

s'abstenir– abstain
s'accouder– lean on your elbows
s'agenouiller- kneel down
s'écrier- scream
s'écrouler- collapse
s'emparer- take possession
s'empresser- hurry
s'evader- run away
s'enfuir- run away
s'évanouir- get swoon
s'envoler- fly away
s'ingénier- manage
se moquer- mock
se réfugier- take shelter
se repentir- repent
s'en alle r – leave, leave
s'endormir- fall asleep
se souvenir- recall

And there are verbs that change their meaning in reflexive form:

• Attendre wait; s’attendre à qch – expect, hope
• Entendre hear; s'entendre - reach an agreement
• Mettre put; se mettre à – get started, start

Notice both verbs in the sentence:

• J'attends mon ami. Je m'attends à ce qu'il vienne. - II am waitingmyfriend. I hope he comes.
• J'ai entendu que vous vous ê tes entendus de votre rencontre. - Iheard, WhatYouDealOmeeting.
• J'ai mis le disque dans le magnétophone et je me suis mis àécouter de la musique. - IputdiskVrecord playerAndstartedlistenmusic.

As you can see, friends, the conjugation of reflexive verbs is very similar to the conjugation of ordinary verbs, the main thing is to remember the reflexive pronouns and know the place where they are located.