Large perennial garden chamomile (planting and care). Large perennial garden daisies Terry daisy flower

For many years I have been growing flowers at my dacha: noble roses, varietal tulips, clematis. And when my mother-in-law gave me several bags of chamomile seeds, she was even upset, because it was a simple, not noble flower. How wrong I was! Decorative chamomile can be so multifaceted that you will gasp! In this article I want to show you photos of the most popular types of this crop (and there are a lot of them, there are even terry ones, that is, especially lush ones). And if you are interested in these flowers, below you will find all the information on planting, caring for, and collecting the seeds of this plant. It's simple!

Many consider chamomile to be a native, Russian flower. Meanwhile, these plants of the Aster family can be seen in the wild on different continents (in Australia, South and North America and even South Africa). In our country, such flowers grow wild; they are called medicinal daisies, and many medicinal and cosmetic products are created on their basis.

However, there are also “cultivated daisies”, they are also called garden or decorative. But biologists are sure: this is not a chamomile at all, but another representative of the aster family - cornflower or cornflower. Due to their external similarity, it and some other white flowers (aster, pyrethrum, chrysanthemum, gerbera) are also called chamomile. We’ll talk about cornflower in this article, calling it chamomile - it’s more familiar...

How to plant this plant?

From seeds

They can be sown directly into the ground. This is done at the end of May, when there are no longer frosts at night. The seeds are scattered thickly over the fluffy bed, and at the end they are also dusted with earth.

When the sprouted flowers have about 3 pairs of leaves (real ones), the excess stems can be plucked off. Be careful, they are still very tender now - because of this, you even need to water them carefully.

Seedling method

He is considered the most successful. In March, seeds are purchased (if they were not selected in advance from the flower garden), a tray with cells and soil, for example, peat with sand. Up to three seeds are placed in each cell and lightly dusted with soil. The top of the tray is covered with film, the tray is placed near the window, but not on the windowsill (the sprouts will not like a large amount of sun). They should not be watered directly, but from a spray bottle.

The seeds will germinate in about two weeks. Now you can remove the film and move the tray even closer to the light (most importantly, do not open the window - the sprouts are afraid of a draft). When the seedlings grow to 5 cm, carefully pinch off the weakest “brothers”, leaving 1 sprout per cell (do not pull them out, otherwise it will harm the stronger sprout).

Sprouts can be transplanted into a flower garden a month, or even a month and a half after germination. The main thing is that it is already warm outside, and frost does not return at night.

Important: this “baby” will bloom next year!

Dividing the bush

2-3 years after planting, the daisy bush grows, after which it becomes as if empty inside (the central stem dries out first). Therefore, such a bush can no longer be regretted. In the spring it is dug up and divided into several smaller bushes - the so-called delenki.

After this, dig a hole at least 20 cm deep for each (if there are problems with the soil on your site, pour a little fertile soil inside each hole). The distance between the holes is up to 40 cm (by the way, maintain the same distance when planting seedlings). “Place” the bushes inside, press them with earth and water them. Ready!

Where and how does chamomile like to grow?

• Plot. Decorative chamomile loves neutral soil, although it will also feel good in limestone soil. It is also desirable that the place of its future growth be sunny (with direct incident sunlight).
• Fertilizer. Suitable complex fertilizer for flowers. The plant will also appreciate humus, compost, and peat added to the soil.
• Care. Frequent watering of “young plants”, moderate watering of rooted adult plants. Mulching with peat after watering. Loosening the top layer of soil and weeding.
• Many years. It is believed that a bush should not grow in the same place for more than 5 years. Therefore, you can ruthlessly dig up old plants and plant new ones.
• Diseases. Chamomile is afraid of powdery mildew (a whitish coating on the leaves and stem), rust (red spots on the front of the leaves), gray rot (brown spots on the leaves and stem), fusarium (rotting roots, yellowing of leaves). In case of gray rot, it is better to tear out and burn the bush. For other diseases, you can use antifungal drugs (for example, “Fundazol”, “Topaz”: how to apply them is written on the package).
• Pests. The star-winged fly lays larvae in the yellow part of the flowers, thrips and aphids suck the juice from the leaves and stems, and wireworms undermine the roots. There are different ways to fight these enemies. If insecticides (Actellik, Agravertin) help against aphids, then a trap with a piece of carrot inside will help to catch and destroy wireworms.
• Seed collection. Dried flowers are cut off and dried indoors. After this, they are taken out of the “basket” and placed in an opaque bag or jar (but in the latter case, the seeds are not poured to the very top - they need air for storage). The seeds overwinter in a dark, cool place.
• Wintering. From late autumn, the flower garden with this plant should be covered, first cutting off all above-ground stems. Both non-woven material and sawdust are suitable.

The most popular varieties of cornflower

Or nivnyak, popovnik, garden chamomile, scientifically Leucanthemum vulgare. This is a whole genus of plants, consisting of more than 20 species. These daisies are tall (from 15 to 60 cm) and slender, have flowers with a diameter of 2.5 to 6 cm, with white petals along the edges and a yellow “basket” inside. They are bisexual (can pollinate themselves).

This genus has been cultivated since 1500. It has many flower subspecies.

Broadway Lights

The original cornflowers are pale yellow in color.

Goldrush

Another lemon flowers with thin petals running in several rows. The bushes are low (about 50 cm), flowers are up to 10 cm in diameter.

Edelweiss

Semi-double flowers with double rows of white petals: some are long and straight, moderately wide; others (near the core) are small, rounded. The choice of people who prefer everything original.

Maxima Koenig

blooming chamomile

The sizes are the same. The center is dark yellow, white petals are in two rows.

May Queen

Height 50 cm, glossy leaves, creeping along the ground.

Rizhskaya

Large (up to 16 cm in diameter) semi-double flowers, white petals are thin, of different shapes.

Real nit

Another original chamomile. Its peculiarity is that the white petals, growing in several rows, are wider at the ends than at the base.

Old court

The flower looks like a white “skinny” chrysanthemum. White petals are thin and straight. Semidouble.

Sans Souci

About a meter in height and up to 12 cm in flower diameter. The yellow center is small, white petals are arranged in several rows.

Silver Spoons (silver spoons)

A species very similar to real nit, however, the petals of such flowers are rather wide than narrow.

Snow Maiden

Interesting “chrysanthemums” with thin petals, very fluffy in appearance, when completely bloomed the yellow center is practically invisible (it is filled with white petals).

Ostrich feather

It looks like an old court, only the petals curl slightly.

Fiona Coghill

The most lush and terry version of the cornflower. The center is slightly yellow, surrounded by a mass of white petals of different sizes, running in many rows. The flowers are relatively small, their diameter is only 7, maximum 8 cm.

In addition, a very successful variety of perennial decorative large chamomile is considered largest cornflower. This is a perennial plant with a height of 50 to 100 cm, with spatulate leaves, flowers with a diameter of about 11 cm, the white petals of which are arranged in 2 rows. This garden crop has been grown since 1816.

Moreover, this variety also has several subspecies. Among them there are also double flowers with many white, slightly curled marginal petals - the central parts of such flowers are white, so many people confuse them with chrysanthemums.

Alaska

Classic white daisy-like flowers with long white petals and shallow centers.

Beethoven

Chamomiles, which are distinguished by abundant flowering and low “growth” (about half a meter).

Victoria's Secret

A beautiful plant with slightly double flowers.

Little Princess

Neat daisies, seemingly simple, but at the same time exquisite.

And finally, there are several more species of nevus growing in the wild. This:

• cornflower Kuril(it can be found on the Kuril Islands or the island of Hokkaido; this white flower differs from its fellows in its small size and unusual shape of leaves),

• cornflower swamp(an inhabitant of Portugal and Spain, a low plant with palmate leaves and small flowers up to 2 cm in diameter, in which the white petals are short and the central yellow part is large).

Of course, the so-called terry daisies deserve special attention. Is it difficult to grow these “snowflakes” in our conditions, are they whimsical? You will learn about this from the video:

Chamomile (Matricaria) belongs to a genus of flowering herbaceous perennial plants that are members of the Asteraceae or Asteraceae family. This genus includes approximately 20 species of fragrant herbs, characterized by not very tall growth, which begin to bloom in the first year of life. In the wild, such flowers can be found in North and South America, Australia, Eurasia and South Africa. Interestingly, such flowers once adorned Central Africa, but local tribes did everything to destroy them, because they were sure that daisies could attract evil spirits.

The most popular of all types is chamomile, which has medicinal properties. It is widely used in the production of medicines and cosmetics. Chamomile is translated from Latin as “uterus”. The fact is that such flowers were very often used in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Thus, in the multi-volume Natural History, Pliny the Elder describes this flower, calling it Chamaemellon. This name is made up of 2 words, which are translated as “low” (due to the size of the flower) and “apple” (the smell was similar to apple). The name used in Russia comes from Poland, and it comes from the word romana - “Roman”.

Gardeners often call gerbera, pyrethrum, cornflower, aster and chrysanthemum garden chamomile. Such plants belong to the aster family and are not chamomile. This article will focus on nevus, although it is not a chamomile, but planting and caring for them are very similar. In this case, to make it more convenient, nivaria will be called chamomile below.

Garden chamomile (Leucanthemum vulgare) is also called cornflower, as well as popovka. The height of such a herbaceous plant can reach 15–60 centimeters. The root is quite short, the stem is erect and slightly faceted, the basal leaf plates are crenate, spatulate in shape, located on fairly long petioles, while the stem leaf plates are oblong in shape, with teeth unevenly spaced along the edge. The stem leaves, two in number, located at the top of the stem, are smaller in size than those located below. The flowers are presented in the form of inflorescences-baskets of hemispherical shape, the diameter of which can reach 2.5–6 centimeters. They are collected in shields. In the middle of the baskets there are tubular bisexual yellow flowers, and at the edges there are long false-ligulate, usually white (yellow are also found) flowers that are sterile. The fruit is presented in the form of an achene.

There are approximately 20 species in the genus of the nivyaniki plant.

Growing chamomile from seeds

These flowers can be grown either through seedlings or without seedlings. If necessary, seeds are sown directly into open soil, but the seedling method has proven itself to be the most reliable. Seeds are sown for seedlings in early spring, or more precisely, in March. For sowing you will need a tray with cells. It should be filled with light, moist soil, well-permeable to air, which includes peat and sand (1:1). 2 or 3 seeds should be placed in 1 cell, and then they are sprinkled with a thin layer of soil mixture. A film is placed on top of the container, which must be transparent. Then it is placed near the window opening. At the same time, you cannot place the container on the windowsill, because sunlight can harm the process of sprouting. Spray the soil with a sprayer immediately after it dries slightly.

At normal room temperature, the first seedlings should appear after 10–14 days. After this happens, the shelter should be removed, and the container should be placed in a well-lit place on the windowsill, and do not forget to protect the plant from drafts. In the event that you cannot find a sunny place for the chamomile, it is recommended to place a fluorescent lamp above the container, and the daylight hours should be approximately 14 hours. After the seedlings grow to 5 centimeters, it will be necessary to thin out the seedlings. To do this, you need to remove weak plants, leaving 1 strongest plant in 1 cell. However, you should not pull out daisies during thinning, as this may cause injury to the root system of the remaining plant. It is recommended to carefully break off the unwanted seedling above the soil surface. To increase branching, it is necessary to pinch the seedling above the 3rd or 4th leaf.

What time to plant seedlings

It is necessary to replant the grown seedlings into the soil after 1–1.5 months have passed from the moment of germination. Also, the threat of frost should pass outside. To plant garden chamomile, you need to choose a well-lit area with direct sunlight and neutral or calcareous soil. Groundwater must lie quite deep.

Disembarkation

Before planting daisies, you need to prepare the area. To do this, you need to dig it up, adding complex fertilizer for flowers. The depth of the holes should be from 20 to 30 centimeters, while a distance of 20 to 40 centimeters should be maintained between the bushes. The distance between the holes, as well as their depth, directly depend on the plant variety. The plant must be carefully pulled out of the cell with a lump of earth and placed in a hole. After this, it is covered with soil, and the surface is compacted a little. Then watering is carried out. The daisies will begin to bloom next year.

How to care for chamomile

After the seedlings are transplanted into open soil, they should be provided with systematic, frequent watering. However, after the daisies take root and begin to grow, it will be necessary to reduce watering and carry it out only in dry weather. After watering, it is recommended to sprinkle the soil surface with a layer of mulch (peat), which will help prevent rapid evaporation of moisture. And such a plant, like all others, needs to be fed, weeded in a timely manner, and the top layer of soil must be loosened in a timely manner. Garden daisies also need to be prepared for wintering. The plants are fed every year using peat, humus and compost, which must be added to the soil. In the middle of spring, ammonium nitrate should be poured into an even layer of ammonium nitrate (20 grams of substance per 1 square meter) between the rows on the soil surface. There is no need to water after this. When budding begins, experts advise applying a urea solution under those bushes that have faded leaf blades and shoots. In autumn, dolomite flour or slaked lime must be added to the acidic soil.

This plant can be propagated by seeds or by dividing the bush. It is recommended to grow perennial garden daisies in the same place for no longer than 5 years. However, it is worth considering that just 2–3 years after planting, the bushes thicken, as a result of which their middle stems die and the inflorescences become smaller. As a result, the bushes become less attractive. To prevent this, young and strong shoots must be planted from the plant in time. This procedure is recommended to be carried out in the last September and first October days. In this case, the day must be cloudy and cool. To do this, you need to separate part of the bush and place it in a pre-prepared hole, which must first be watered with settled water. Then it is covered with soil enriched with nutrients. When you divide the same bush next time, you will need to take the division from the other side. This method is suitable for propagating terry and varietal garden daisies. In the case when you want the bushes to be very powerful and the flowers to be large, it is recommended to divide them every year.

Seeds can also be used for propagation. How to grow seedlings is described above. However, it is possible to sow seeds in open soil before winter. In cold soil they will not freeze out, but will undergo natural stratification. In spring, daisies should come up together. All you have to do is thin out the seedlings.

If the rules of care are violated, it is quite possible that the plants may begin to suffer from gray rot, fusarium, powdery mildew, and also rust.

Powdery mildew― it can be identified by a whitish coating that forms on any part of the plant except the root system. Over time, it acquires a brown tint.

Rust- dark red spots appear on the front side of the leaf blades, while on the reverse side you can find pads with fungal spores.

Fusarium― this fungal disease leads to the fact that young bushes develop rot on the root collar and root system, and the tissues change their color to brown. The shoots become thinner and the leaf plates turn yellow.

Gray rot-brown necrotic spots form on the surface of the foliage and stems, which grow quite quickly. If the air humidity is high, a grayish mycelium fluff forms on the surface of the spots.

As a preventive measure against fungal diseases, it is necessary to prevent the soil from being too wet, it must be loosened in a timely manner, and regular weeding must be carried out. If gray rot appears on the bush, it should be destroyed as soon as possible, this will help stop the spread of infection. When infected with fungal diseases, treatment with fungicides is recommended, for example: Topaz, Oxychom, Fundazol, Kuproxat, etc. It is necessary to treat the plants at least 2-3 times, with the duration of breaks being 1-1.5 weeks.

Thrips, wireworms, aphids and star-winged flies can settle on garden chamomile.

Starwing fly- it is called that because it has a small star-shaped spot on the surface of its wing. At the base of the middle flowers there is an accumulation of its larvae, which harm the plant. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to remove weeds in a timely manner.

Aphids and thrips- these pests suck the juice from parts of the chamomile located above the ground. Yellowish or discolored spots, stripes or streaks form on the surface of the leaf plates. Tissues that have been damaged die over time, leaves wither and fall off, and flowers also become deformed, losing their spectacular appearance. If infected, the plant must be treated with insectoacaricides, for example: Agravertin, Karbofos or Actellik.

Wireworms- they are the larvae of the click beetle. Such pests live in the soil for about 4 years and in the process damage the root system of chamomile. To destroy them you need to make special traps. To do this, you need to put a small piece of carrots, potatoes or beets in the prepared hole. Place a piece of metal or a board on top of the trap. You should open the trap and get rid of the pests that have accumulated in it after 2–3 days. Traps must be laid systematically. Often this pest lives in the area where potatoes grow nearby.

Perennial daisies after flowering

If you need to collect seeds, you should wait until several large flowers have completely dried. Then they need to be cut and placed in a dry place where there is good ventilation so that they dry out. After this, seeds are removed from the middle tubular flowers onto a piece of paper. After you have aired them, place them in a small paper bag and store them in a dark, dry place. They remain viable for 2–3 years. But it should be borne in mind that when propagated using seeds of terry and varietal daisies, they are not able to retain their parental characteristics.

Preparing for winter

Perennial garden daisies should definitely be covered for the winter. Before frost begins, it is necessary to completely cut off the above-ground part of the daisies. After this, they must be sprinkled with sawdust or fallen dry leaves, or they can be covered with non-woven material.

Types and varieties of daisies with photos

In addition to meadow chamomile (common cornflower), gardeners also grow other species.

It is also called common cornflower. It is found naturally in Ukraine, in the southern part of Siberia, Western Europe and the European part of Russia. This perennial plant can reach a height of 90 centimeters. The diameter of single inflorescences-baskets is from 6 to 7 centimeters, the tubular flowers are yellow, and the reed flowers are white. This species has been cultivated since 1500. The most popular varieties:

1. Sans Souci- reaches a height of 100 centimeters, and the diameter of the inflorescence is 12 centimeters. Reed flowers are arranged in 6–8 rows and are white, with a small number of yellow middle ones.
2. May Queen- This chamomile is very popular among amateur gardeners. Half-meter bushes have glossy foliage, rich dark green color, which forms the ground cover.
3. Maxima Koenig- on a meter-long bush there are flowers, the diameter of which is 12 centimeters. The middle flowers are dark yellow, and 2 rows of reed flowers are painted white.

This rock plant is a late bloomer. It is found naturally on the island of Hokkaido and the Kuril Islands. The fleshy rhizome is thickened. The bush is 20 centimeters high and contains a small number of single baskets, the diameter of which is 5–8 centimeters. The color of the marginal flowers is white. The arcticum variety has a different shape of leaf blades.

Also called marsh chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum paludosum) - found in southern Spain and Portugal. The height of the branched bush is no more than 25 centimeters. It contains alternately arranged, sessile spatulate leaves of a rich green color, crenate along the edge. The diameter of a large number of inflorescences-baskets is 3 centimeters. The white ligulate flowers are short, and there is also a large middle, consisting of yellow tubular flowers.

The homeland is the Pyrenees. The bush of a perennial plant has a height of 0.5 to 1 meter. There is a short ground rhizome, sessile spatulate leaf blades with a crenate edge. The diameter of the inflorescences of the baskets is from 10 to 12 centimeters. Simple inflorescences consist of white marginal flowers arranged in 2 rows, as well as yellow tubular middle ones. The double inflorescences include many white reed flowers arranged in several rows, while the middle tubular ones are white in color. Such inflorescences are similar to chrysanthemums. Grown since 1816. Popular varieties:

1. Alaska― the diameter of the inflorescences is 10 centimeters, there is 1 row of white reed flowers.
2. Beethoven- a profusely flowering variety. On a half-meter bush there are simple inflorescences.
3. Stern von Antwerp- meter-long bushes have inflorescences with a diameter of about 10 centimeters. Tubular flowers are yellow, and reed flowers are white.
4. Schwabengrub- bush up to 80 centimeters, double inflorescences, pure white.
5. Little Princess- the height of the spectacular bush is 20 centimeters. There are large snow-white inflorescences.

Also, how to grow garden chamomile: pyrethrum, erigeron, odorless chamomile, matricaria and navels. All of them belong to the Aster family.

An indispensable attribute of a suburban area is a rock garden, in which a wide variety of flowers and herbs grow, as well as the obligatory lawn with shrubs and herbs. And perennial garden chamomile is found here most often. Caring for chamomile is not difficult, because it does not require special attention. And against the background of bright greenery, the yellow or blue heads of daisies will attract attention.

Varieties of daisies

You can enjoy the beauty of daisies for a very long time. But it’s still worth choosing from the whole variety of varieties exactly the one that will look perfect in your garden plot. After all, there are simply many varieties of this amazing flower. The variety of garden chamomile varieties is amazing. You can choose any flower to your liking. They vary in size and shape. You can even choose ones that look like chrysanthemums with their fluffy and luxurious petals, and red terry chamomile also looks very beautiful.

Bushes can have a variety of colors and shades. They can be red, pink, lilac and pale blue. You can also choose daisies with different flowering times. And bouquets of daisies can stand in your home for more than one day and delight you with their beautiful and delicate flowers.

Types of garden perennial chamomile

But it’s still worth understanding the most popular varieties of daisies:

• Garden chamomile Princess. It has large flowers up to 12 cm in diameter. Its flowers are most often used in creating beautiful and delicate bouquets. And the plant can remain in one place for up to 4 years.
• Alaska - refers to large-flowered plants. Its head can reach 12 cm in diameter. The plant is quite tall, can reach a height of 90 cm. This variety of daisies is a drought-resistant plant. Peak flowering occurs in July and August. The plant is planted in the fall, and in the summer of next year the plant will delight you with flowers.
• The Silver Princess is characterized by the special whiteness of the petals on its flowers. This variety is most often used for group plantings, which makes it simply irreplaceable when creating alpine slides and small original flower beds. This plant begins to bloom in July, and finishes blooming its beautiful cups before frost.
• The Pobeditel variety is considered no less popular. Its snow-white inflorescences delight owners from July to August. They do not require dividing the bush and replanting for 4 years after planting.
• Fiona Coghill has pompom-type flowers, reaching up to 10 cm in diameter, with small bright yellow flowers inside.

Today there is simply a huge number of varieties of garden daisies, which allows you to choose the best option for yourself.

How to grow daisies and propagate them

You can grow a flower in a variety of ways: by seeds; dividing the bush; seedlings. The flower requires slightly acidic soil. Then, no matter how you grow it, it will take root and begin to delight you with its beautiful and delicate flowers.

The plant does not like shade, so you should choose a sunny place for it. And before landing you should fertilize the soil thoroughly. If the soil in the area is too acidic, its acidity should be reduced by adding soda or dolomite flour. The more space you leave for planting and growing the plant, the easier it will be to care for it.

Planting by seeds

Plants are planted with seeds directly into open ground in early May. It is worth remembering that the seeds of Persian chamomile are very small, and therefore for their speedy germination they should be sprinkled with a small layer of soil. After the first shoots have appeared, they should be carefully cared for.

In particular, you need Water the sprouts regularly and abundantly. After 4–5 leaves appear on each plant, they need to be planted in two or three bushes side by side. You can also plant chamomile seeds in the fall, then with the onset of warm days you will see the first tender shoots.

When planting a plant in the spring, you need to follow these rules:

1. The air temperature should not fall below 16 degrees.
2. For better seed germination, they need to be sown under covering material.
3. Crowding is not good for the plant, and therefore the bushes should be carefully thinned out as they grow.
4. The soil for planting must be neutral. Chamomile does not tolerate waterlogging.
5. Be sure to add mineral fertilizers to the soil before planting.

Propagation by seedlings

To grow a plant from seedlings, little preparation is needed; the seeds should be planted as early as March. First, you need to lay out high-quality drainage at the bottom of the container. Seeds should be planted in moist soil, and they should be sprinkled with a thin layer of soil, or not at all.

Diving should be done in plastic cups or peat pots. You must make a hole in the plastic cup to drain water.

After this, the pots should be covered with film and stored in a dark and dry place. When the first shoots appear, the film should be removed. Seeds needed moisturize thoroughly so that they sprout as soon as possible. And after the seedlings emerge, the cups with seedlings need to be placed on the windowsill, because the plants will need light and warmth.

Seedlings should be planted in open ground after the frosts have passed. It happens at the end of May. Planting in open ground is carried out in bushes of two or three at a time. The distance between them should be at least 40 cm. This is done so that in the future the plants do not intertwine with each other and do not interfere with each other.

Shrub division

An equally popular method of planting Persian chamomile is dividing the bush. This is done like this: in the spring, the bush is completely dug up and divided into two or three parts. In this case, all work must be carried out with bare hands.

This is done so as not to damage the roots of the plant. The plant can reproduce in this way every year. And it will begin to bloom in the same year. Growing chamomile should be done in stages:

• dig a hole slightly larger than the root system;
• put mineral fertilizers on the bottom;
• they need to be covered with soil;
• plant the plant and sprinkle the roots with soil;
• water thoroughly.

All methods of growing chamomile are extremely effective. Therefore, every gardener can choose the one that is right for him.

Features of chamomile care

Growing garden chamomile does not cause much trouble for the owner. In order for the plant to fully develop, you just need to follow some rules:

Garden bush daisy can have quite large heads when it begins to bloom. But for this the plant needs to be periodically rejuvenated. This is done by trimming one side of the bush. But every year you need to alternate sides. And in the fall, it is important to trim the plant to the soil in time. This will help it not freeze in winter and there will be no need to cover the chamomile for the winter.

Garden chamomile or cornflower (lat. Leucanthemum vulgare), is a perennial herbaceous plant with a height of 15 to 60 cm with a short" target="_blank">perennial herbaceous plant with a height of 15 to 60 cm with a short root, erect, slightly faceted stem, spatulate, crenate basal leaves on long petioles and oblong, irregularly serrated along the edges stem leaves, two of which, located in the upper part of the stem, are greatly reduced in size compared to the rest. Chamomile flowers are hemispherical inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 2.5 up to 6 cm, united in corymbs. The baskets consist of central yellow tubular bisexual flowers and long marginal false-lingulate sterile flowers, usually white, but sometimes yellow. The fruit of the garden chamomile is an achene. There are about two dozen species in the genus Nielberry.

Garden chamomile
growing from seeds

Sowing chamomile
Growing chamomile is possible in seedlings and without seedlings. You can sow garden chamomile seeds simply in the ground, but it is safer to use the seedling method. Chamomile seeds are sown for seedlings in March. Trays with cells are filled with a moist, light, breathable substrate consisting of peat and sand in equal parts, 2-3 seeds are placed in each cell, sprinkled with a thin layer of substrate on top, the container is covered with a transparent film and placed close to the window, but not on window sill, since the light passing through the glass is too intense and can damage the seed germination process. Monitor the condition of the soil, and as soon as it dries, moisten it with a spray bottle.

Garden chamomile seedlings
When the seedlings begin to appear, and at normal room temperature this will happen in one and a half to two weeks, remove the film and place the container as close to a sunny window as possible, protecting the seedlings from drafts. If this is not possible for any reason, place a fluorescent lamp over the container, which should work for at least 14 hours a day.

As soon as the chamomile seedlings reach a height of 5 cm, leave only one, the most developed seedling, in each cell. Do not pull out unnecessary seedlings, but carefully pinch them off above the soil surface, because you risk damaging the root system of the remaining seedling. In order for chamomile to bush, pinch it over 3-4 leaves.

Garden chamomile
planting in open ground

When to plant chamomile in the ground
Seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 4-6 weeks, when all possible frosts have passed. Garden chamomile loves sunny areas with calcareous or neutral soil and deep groundwater.

How to plant garden chamomile
Planting daisies in the ground is carried out after preparing the site - complex fertilizer for flowers must be added to the soil for digging. Dig holes 20-30 cm deep at a distance of 20 to 40 cm from each other - the distance between the bushes and the depth of the holes depend on the chamomile variety. Remove the seedlings from the cells along with the earthen ball, plant them in the holes, press the soil around the stems and water the seedlings. Chamomiles from seeds will bloom next year.

Garden chamomile
outdoor care

Garden chamomile types and varieties

Meadow chamomile (Leucanthemum vulgare)

Or common cornflower, grows in Western Europe, Ukraine, the European part of Russia, and southern Siberia. This is a perennial up to 90 cm high with single inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 6-7 cm with white reed flowers and yellow tubular ones. The species has been in cultivation since 1500. The best garden forms of the species are:

. Sans Souci- cornflower up to 1 m high with inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter. White reed flowers are arranged in 6-8 rows, the few middle flowers are yellow.
. May Queen- a traditional chamomile, up to 50 cm high, very popular in amateur gardens, with bright, shiny dark green leaves forming the ground cover.
. Maxima Koenig- a plant up to 1 m high with inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter with dark yellow middle flowers and two rows of white reed flowers.

Kuril cornflower (Leucanthemum kurilense)

A late-blooming rock daisy with dissected leaves, growing in the Kuril Islands and on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The rhizome of this species is fleshy and thickened. The plant reaches only 20 cm in height, while its few single baskets have a diameter of 5 to 8 cm. The marginal flowers are white. The Kuril cornflower has a variety called arcticum, which differs in the shape of its leaves.

Swamp cornflower (Leucanthemum paludosum)

It is also known as the marsh chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum paludosum) native to the south of Portugal and Spain. This is a low-growing, but very bushy plant up to 25 cm high with sessile spatulate alternate leaves of bright green color and crenate along the edge. Inflorescences are numerous baskets up to 3 cm in diameter with short reed flowers of white color and a large yellow center of tubular flowers.

Leucanthemum maximum

In nature, it grows in the Pyrenees and is a perennial with a height of 50 to 100 cm with a short ground rhizome, spatulate sessile leaves with a crenate edge and inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 10-12 cm. In simple inflorescences, the marginal white flowers are arranged in two rows, the middle ones, tubular yellow. Double inflorescences consist of numerous rows of white reed flowers, and the tubular ones also have a white corolla. The double inflorescences of this type of nevus are very similar to chrysanthemums. Nielberry is grown as a maximum biennial plant. The species has been in culture since 1816. The best varieties:
. Alaska- a variety with baskets up to 10 cm in diameter with one row of white reed flowers.
. Beethoven- lushly blooming daisies with simple inflorescences up to half a meter high.
. Stern von Antwerp- up to 1 m high, with inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter. Reed flowers are white, tubular flowers are yellow.
. Schwabengrub- a variety up to 80 cm high with snow-white double inflorescences.
. Little Princess- elegant chamomile up to 20 cm high with large bright white inflorescences

In addition to cornflower, other flowers of the Asteraceae family are also grown as garden chamomile - matricaria, pyrethrum, navels, erigeron and odorless chamomile.

Where to buy chamomile seeds

The scientific and production association “Gardens of Russia” has been introducing the latest achievements in the selection of vegetable, fruit, berry and ornamental crops into the widespread practice of amateur gardening for 30 years. The association uses the most modern technologies and has created a unique laboratory for microclonal propagation of plants. The main tasks of the NPO "Gardens of Russia" is to provide gardeners with high-quality planting material for popular varieties of various garden plants and new world selections. Delivery of planting material (seeds, bulbs, seedlings) is carried out by Russian Post. We are waiting for you to shop:

Large chamomile- a perennial plant that winters well in open ground. Scientific name - cornflower. This is an amazing flower in its beauty and size. For all its simplicity, the large (giant) chamomile never ceases to amaze people who admire its beauty. For more than ten years now I have been growing nevberry in my garden plot. However, no one can pass by the giant daisy blooming on my property without stopping for a moment to admire the snow-white cloud of these amazing flowers.

Giant chamomile (nivyanika) is excellent for cutting. Cut at the beginning of flowering (the “age” of a blooming chamomile flower can be easily determined by the mass of open anthers on its yellow patch), it will stand in a vase for up to two weeks. You just need to change the water in the vase and refresh the cut on the flower trunks.

And this chamomile is called giant because, compared to the common garden chamomile, it is truly a giant. The size of a flower in a cornflower can reach 15 centimeters or more in diameter. The height of a large chamomile (Gagantica) depends on the age of planting. In the first year after planting, the height of the plant is on average 70-80 centimeters. At the same time, the flower trunks are very powerful; their thickness at the base can reach 1 centimeter.

In subsequent years of growing chamomile, the height of the flowers is up to one meter, but the trunks are already becoming thinner. This is caused by the thickening of the growing bush. If you grow chamomile in one place, without replanting, for several years, the bushes become very thick, the trunks become very thin (no more than 5 millimeters), the flower itself becomes smaller, although the height of the plants can be more than 1 meter.

In their gardens and personal plots, flower growers grow various varieties of giant chamomile. Varieties of cornflower differ in flowering time, shape and number of rows of petals. Some daisies have egg-shaped petals, while others have straight petals with rounded ends. One variety has only one row of petals, another has three.

The earliest daisies bloom for gardeners in our area at the end of May. The latest varieties of giant chamomile bloom in the second half of July. I note that early varieties of chamomile tend to bloom again in late summer and early autumn. True, this flowering is very poor and the flower itself is not as lush as when it first bloomed. By growing varieties of giant chamomile with different flowering periods in your garden plot, you can enjoy its flowering throughout the summer.

Reproduction, planting and replanting of large chamomile

The easiest and most affordable way propagation of giant chamomile- dividing the bush. In order to grow really large daisies, so that the plants are strong and produce large flowers, you need plant daisies at least once every three years. If this is not done, the bushes thicken, the flowers become smaller, the stems stretch out and become thin. Old dying roots inhibit the growth of young roots, the middle of the bush becomes bare, and the bush grows in a ring. Dividing the bush also allows you to propagate the variety faster.

Preparing the soil for planting large chamomile

It is better to prepare the soil for planting giant chamomile in advance. Since chamomile is grown in one place for at least three years, it is very desirable to add organic matter for digging - at least 1 bucket of humus per 1 square meter. In addition to nutrients, adding organic fertilizer also improves the soil structure and increases its moisture holding capacity. After all, over three years, the soil under the chamomile becomes very compacted, and oxygen access to the roots deteriorates. If there is not enough humus, it must be added to the furrows when planting flowers.

When digging up a site for planting cornflower, you should carefully select the roots of perennial weeds such as wheatgrass. Be sure to select cockchafer larvae from the soil if you come across them, since this pest really loves to feast on the juicy roots of the giant chamomile.

When is the best time to replant giant chamomile?

The best time to plant chamomile roots is after flowering, as soon as young shoots begin to grow. It is advisable that the weather is not too hot during seating. And it is best if the weather is cloudy and rainy for several days after planting. Such conditions make it easy for young sprouts to take root.

From my own experience, I know that it does not always coincide that the weather is favorable and the grower has time to prepare and transplant chamomile in the summer. Personally, I most often used warm September rainy days for this procedure. After all, in September there is already less to do in the garden and you can safely devote time to preparing the soil for growing chamomile and planting nevus bushes. It happened that I replanted chamomile in early October - it also took root perfectly. You should be guided by the following: the earlier the nivaria is planted, the stronger the plants will go into winter and the easier they will endure the first wintering.

You can do planting giant chamomile and early spring. In this case, too, the sooner the better. There was a case when winter ended too early and in the second half of February I had the opportunity to plant daisies. By the time of flowering, these plants had taken root perfectly and formed a full-fledged large flower. Transplantation during March and the first half of April also gives good results. Later planting dates do not allow the plant to form a full-fledged flower. Nevertheless, planting chamomile even in May allows the plants to take root well, but the flower does not have time to gain strength at this time of planting. An interesting fact is that regardless of the timing of planting and the degree of development of the plant, the giant chamomile blooms strictly at the time prescribed by nature.

How to plant large chamomile (niverberry)

It is convenient to plant cornflowers in furrows made with a glander (a hoe or a hoe, as you like). If humus was not introduced when digging the plantation, then it is introduced into the furrows during planting and mixed with the soil. The furrows are filled with water and chamomile roots are planted in them. Bushes should be divided as much as possible. I try to divide in such a way that each sprout that has at least one, even a very small root of its own, is separated. If it is not possible to separate a single sprout, then a group of sprouts that have a common root(s) should be separated.

When planting, the roots should be covered with earth so that after planting the planted row of sprouts ends up in a shallow groove - very convenient for saving water during the first waterings. Over time, the groove will be sprinkled, since new sprouts tend to rise slightly above the ground and can be covered with a little soil.

Latin name: Matricaria.

Family: Asteraceae.

Other names: Nurse, Romain, Camilla, Common cornflower, Popovnik.

Chamomile belongs to the genus of flowering plants; its leaves are pinnately dissected. The chamomile flower is complex, with a diameter of 4 mm. and more. Human-bred species of Chamomile have rather large flowers - about 15 cm in diameter.

Secrets of growing chamomile at home

In the wild, chamomile looks almost the same: the center of the flower is yellow and the petals are white. Chamomiles usually differ from each other in their leaves and the size of the flower or the plant itself.

Chamomiles are widespread in America, Eurasia, South Africa, and are also artificially bred in Australia. In Eurasia, the most commonly found are Chamomile, Chamomile (Chamomile), and Chamomile. Scented Chamomile is named for its special smell, which intensifies when the plant is rubbed in your hands. In European countries, Chamomile is bred for its medicinal properties. There are also many garden species, about fifty of them.

In the wild, the common chamomile prefers to grow in fields, meadows or forest clearings, and is very often adjacent to the bell. Scented Chamomile has recently acted as a weed in the garden. Chamomile likes to grow in fields, although it is very often found along roads.

Medicinal use: Fresh and dried Chamomile flowers are actively used in traditional and folk medicine; they contain anthemisic acid, essential oil, glycosides and many other substances. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antiseptics are made from Chamomile. Often its decoction is used: externally - for baths, lotions and various rinses; It is taken orally in the form of tea, which is very common in England.

Also, tinctures are made from the flowers of Chamomile, which are taken for stomach pain, cramps in the intestines, and also as a diaphoretic. Due to its harmlessness, its decoction is prescribed even to infants. No less often, a decoction or tincture of Chamomile is used to give hair a golden hue; this is done by regularly rinsing with a decoction of Chamomile.

Large perennial garden chamomile: how to choose and grow in the garden

The medicinal properties of chamomile are known to many. Flowers are collected all summer, the main thing is not to confuse chamomile with other similar plants. Chamomile takes root very well in summer cottages.

How to sow it correctly, collect medicinal raw materials and for what diseases to use, we will consider in this article.

Growing chamomile

This miracle grass grows very well in sunny areas. An annual plant can grow in one place for up to 5 years, due to self-sowing. Therefore, having planted chamomile once, you don’t have to worry about the seedlings every year. As necessary, you can collect dried inflorescences and sow them in those areas where you want to see these delicate flowers.

Seeds are sown either before winter, in October, or in early spring. Seeding rates: 0.3 g-0.5 g per m². For winter crops, increase the rate by 50%. For ease of sowing, you can mix small seeds with sand (ratio 1:40) and distribute them evenly over the surface or in grooves 1 cm deep. Germination begins at a temperature of +6°C. The optimal temperature for germination is +20°C.

Garden chamomile - a large perennial flower

An important point is to prevent the formation of a crust on the soil surface. Thin and weak shoots will not be able to break through the roughened soil.

Therefore, it is better to cover the moist soil in which the seeds are sown with film. After mass shoots, remove the film. Chamomile loves organic fertilizers, which are applied to the soil several weeks before planting the seeds. Chamomile begins to bloom 35-50 days after germination.

Collection of medicinal raw materials

For medicinal purposes, the inflorescences are used, which are collected on a sunny day, in the morning, after the dew has subsided. During the flowering season, about 5 collections are made. Depending on the density of crops and territory. Chamomile flowers should be dried outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, avoiding direct sunlight. Spread the raw material on cloth or paper in a thin layer, stirring occasionally. Dried chamomile inflorescences should be stored in paper or cloth bags, or in a glass jar, in dry rooms. The healing properties are not lost throughout the year.

Medicinal properties of chamomile

This plant, although small, has great potential.

Drinking chamomile tea or decoction helps with the following diseases:

• spasms;
• colitis;
• flatulence;
• diarrhea;
• inflammatory processes;
• diseases of the uterus;
• diseases of the digestive system.

To prepare medicinal chamomile tea, you need 1 tbsp. Brew a spoonful of dried inflorescences with a glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour. Take for adults 0.5 cups 2 times a day. To prepare the decoction, you need to take 1 tbsp. spoon of chamomile and pour 1 cup of boiling water, leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Let cool for 45 minutes. Strain the broth and add boiled water to 200 ml.

Often, chamomile is added to herbal teas for the treatment of gastritis, enteritis, colitis, and restorative teas. Chamomile is used as a tea, infusion or decoction, which is used internally, rinsed the mouth, made enemas, and also externally, in the form of lotions. For rheumatism and joint pain, use brewed chamomile pulp. Warm steamed inflorescences are applied to sore spots, covered with a towel, and wrapped in a warm scarf. All possible treatment methods must be agreed with a doctor; self-medication can be hazardous to health.

By the way, chamomile is also used in veterinary medicine to treat diseases of the digestive system of animals.

Decorative use of chamomile

Small flowers, when blooming en masse, look very good, both in group plantings and in single ones. You can sow flowers along alleys, paths, and borders. You just need to sow thickly to avoid bald spots and rare shoots. In group combinations, chamomile is used in flower beds and flower beds, rock gardens, and rockeries. The main thing is not to forget that the plant loves sunny areas. Shade and excessive moisture are contraindicated.

By growing chamomile in your summer cottage, you can not only provide yourself and your family with medicinal raw materials, but also make your flower beds and flower beds brighter and lighter. Delicate flowers are ready to delight with bloom and aroma all summer long.

Among the many flower crops, everyone is familiar with the perennial garden chamomile. An unpretentious and quite simple-looking plant attracts with its unobtrusiveness and severity. It easily gets along both in partial shade and in the sun. How and with what flowers to plant it? Delphiniums, lilies, and perennial phlox would look appropriate next to it. Low-growing varieties can be used to decorate an alpine slide.

Chamomile varieties for the garden

giant daisy

Chamomile is part of the aster family. The height of the crop varies from 30 to 100 cm, and the diameter of the blooming bud is from 10 to 15 cm. Varieties differ in the size of the bush, flower and the number of petals in the bud. Representatives of different species differ in color. They can be not only white, but also lilac, yellow, pink and red.

Perennial garden chamomile has the following popular varieties:

1. Cornflower or giant chamomile is the most popular variety; it is grown for cutting and making floral arrangements. The diameter of the inflorescences is 15 cm or more, and the height of the cornflower reaches 70 cm and above.
2. Princess garden is a plant that grows in height up to 30-35 cm. The size of the buds is quite large - about 10 cm in diameter. If purple or yellow allisum is grown from seeds, then this variety will make excellent company.
3. Alaska is a major representative of this flower culture. The height of the stems often exceeds 70 cm, and the flower size is 12 cm or more.
4. The northern star is a tall plant, blooms throughout the summer, loves sunlight and tolerates drought.

In the flowerbed you can often see specimens with pink, red, and orange buds. Such representatives include Doronicum and Pyrethrum. The common features of all the perennial varieties listed above are resistance to weather conditions, strong stems and significant size of inflorescences. In addition, planting and care are simple; lengthy time spent on gardening work is not required.

Planting prepared seeds in open ground

Before organizing work, it is important for the gardener to remember the timing of planting garden chamomile in the country. The optimal period for sowing seeds in this case will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. When choosing a date for planting seeds, you must be guided by weather conditions in a particular region. In any case, before sowing, the probability of frost should be zero.

As for the composition of the soil, perennial chamomile can only be planted in well-drained, fertile soil with medium acidity. The same soil is suitable for planting lilies of the valley, hostas, and begonias. When preparing the bed, you can add any nutritional composition of organic origin to the soil. The sowing process does not involve deepening, since the seeds of this perennial are small. Having spread the material over the surface of the soil, it is enough to sprinkle it on top with a thin layer of earth.

Video about growing garden chamomile.

After the first shoots with tender leaves appear above the soil surface, the seedlings must be planted.

Proper planting and care of perennial garden chamomile

The distance between young plantings should be at least 40 cm. A crop planted in this way will have time to grow and get stronger over the summer.

Growing chamomile using seedlings

Growing garden chamomile from seeds using the seedling method is also in demand among summer residents. In this case, it is recommended to sow the prepared planting material in early March.

The process consists of the following steps:

1. The containers are filled with a light substrate of sand and peat in equal parts.
2. The seeds also do not require burial; it is enough to carefully scatter them over the surface of the soil and lightly sprinkle them with soil. You need to stretch the film over it and place the container in a warm room. In this case, it is necessary to avoid exposing the seedlings to daylight.

After 2 weeks or a little earlier, the chamomile should sprout its first shoots. At this point, you should remove the film and move the container with the sprouts to a windowsill or any other well-lit place. The main condition is the presence of sunlight. In this case, it is necessary to exclude the occurrence of drafts.

Alpine cornflower

If the seedlings are too dense, they will need to be planted in separate pots after the first 2 leaves appear. It is recommended to plant small daisies in open ground only after the end of frost. This period in the Central region of Russia occurs at the end of May. The same rule must be followed if planting purslane, begonia, anemone and a number of other flowers is organized.

Planting is carried out in an open sunny place in previously prepared holes 30 cm deep. The distance between plants should be at least 20 cm. The earthen ball along with the seedling should be completely removed and placed in the prepared hole, and sprinkled with earth on the sides. The seedling needs to be watered and the soil around it carefully compacted.

Caring for growing flowers

Unpretentious garden chamomile care is absolutely uncomplicated and does not require much time. First, you will need to provide the young seedlings with abundant watering. After rooting, the frequency of irrigation can be reduced by first mulching the circle around the flower with peat. This will ensure moisture retention for a longer period. Further care consists of regular loosening and weeding of the plants.

An important nuance is feeding chamomile. First you need to apply fertilizer in the form of ammonium nitrate, scattered between the rows. An additional feeding period occurs during the period when the first buds appear. A urea solution is suitable as a fertilizer. In order to protect the soil from excessive oxidation, it is recommended to add a little wood ash to the soil.

Before the start of the winter period, shoots are cut off from daisies, and the plants are covered with dry fallen leaves. With the onset of the first warm days, the leaves are carefully removed, and a urea solution is applied under the roots.

Garden chamomile, which is extremely easy to plant and care for, attracts attention with its incredibly delicate inflorescences that can decorate absolutely any garden plot. That is why all beauty lovers should definitely look at this seemingly simple, but incredibly cute flower.