Raspberry plant. Sunshet Agrosuccess - protecting plants from sunburn and drought Raspberry biological description
Biological description
Common raspberry is a deciduous shrub with a perennial rhizome, from which biennial above-ground stems up to one and a half meters high develop.
The rhizome is sinuous, woody, with multiple adventitious roots, forming a powerful branched system.
Stems are erect. The shoots of the first year are herbaceous, green with a bluish bloom, juicy, covered with thin, usually frequent miniature thorns.
The leaves are oval, alternate, petiolate, compound, with 3-7 ovate leaflets, dark green above, whitish below, pubescent with small hairs.
The flowers are white, about 1 cm in diameter, collected in small racemes, located on the tops of the stems or in the axils of the leaves. The petals are shorter than the calyx lobes.
The fruits are small, hairy drupes that grow together on a receptacle to form a compound fruit. Fruits appear not only on the shoots of the second year. In the southern regions, fruits also appear on the shoots of the first year in mid-autumn. These shoots become woody and turn brown, and fruiting branches with flower buds grow from the axils of the leaves. Immediately after fruiting, the side branches dry out, but new stems grow from the same root the next year.
Raspberry fruit
IN middle lane In Russia, raspberries bloom from June to July, sometimes until August.
Usage
Dried fruits are used as a diaphoretic.
Honey plant. When raspberries bloom, bees work from sunrise to sunset, flying past other flowers of honey plants, not paying attention to them. Due to the fact that the raspberry flower is tilted down, the bee extracting nectar is as if under a natural canopy or umbrella and can work even during rain. From nectar collected from 1 hectare of flowering forest raspberries, bees receive 70 kg of honey, and from 1 hectare of garden raspberries - 50 kg. Raspberry honey contains 41.34% levulose and 33.57% glucose, has a pleasant smell and taste.
Economy
Russia is the leader in raspberry cultivation on the world market.
Semantics of the word raspberry
Notes
Links
- Raspberry: Taxonomy on the GRIN website
- ORDINARY RASPBERRY (Rubus idaeus L.) Retrieved September 17, 2008
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what “common raspberry” is in other dictionaries:
common raspberry
Common raspberry- Rubus idaeus L. Rosaceae family. Root shoot subshrub 0.6-1.5 m high. The shoots of the first year are sterile, twig-like, green with a bluish bloom, herbaceous, lined with thin spines. The shoots of the second year are fruit-bearing, slightly... Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
Common raspberry- 301. Rubus idaeus L... Flora of the Central Forest State Reserve
RUBUS IDAEUS L. - RASPBERRY- see 380. Shrub. R. idaeus L. M. common Sp. pl. (1753) 492. Cult. fl. XVI (1936) 183. Divided into 2 subspecies: ssp. vulgatus Arrhen. Rub. Succ. Monogr. (1839) 12. Village. and bush. III (1954) 594. European raspberry; ssp. strigosus Michx... Plant Directory
Rubus idaeus, Common raspberry- From the Rosaceae family. Shrub or subshrub 0.5-1.2 m tall, with erect stems covered with thin spines. The stems of the first year of life are herbaceous, green, sterile, the second year are yellowish, woody, fruit-bearing. Roots... ... Handbook of Homeopathy
This term has other meanings, see Raspberry (meanings). Raspberries ... Wikipedia
Raspberry: Raspberry (Rubus) is a genus of perennial herbs and shrubs from the Rosaceae family. Raspberry species of the subgenus Idaeobatus of the genus Rubus; the most famous species of Raspberry is usually ... Wikipedia
wild raspberry- paprastoji avietė statusas T sritis augalininkystė apibrėžtis Daugiametis uoginis ir vaistinis augalas, priklausantis erškėtinių (Rosaceae) šeimai. Naujos veislės dažnai yra tarprūšiniai hibridai. atitikmenys: lot. Rubus idaeus English. European red… Žemės ūkio augalų selekcijos ir sėklininkystės terminų žodynas
Raspberry- Raspberries. RASPBERRY, woody plants of the genus Rubus. About 120 species, mainly in the temperate and subtropical zones of Eurasia. In culture (from the 4th century) there are several species, including common or red raspberries. Grown in the temperate zone... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Subshrubs from the genus Rubus. OK. 120 species, ch. arr. in temperate and subtropical belts of Eurasia; in the USSR several species in Europe. parts, Wed. Asia, West and Vost. Siberia, in the D. East. They reproduce by root suckers. Fruits (formed on the shoots... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
If you conduct a survey among Russians on the topic: “What is your favorite berry?”, raspberries will undoubtedly take one of the leading places. It is unpretentious and winter-hardy, bears fruit abundantly. A raspberry bush, depending on the variety, can be low (about 1.5 m), medium (no more than 2 m) and high (more than 2 m).
Description of raspberries
It is a deciduous shrub with a perennial rhizome from which biennial stems grow. The rhizome is woody, sinuous, with numerous adventitious roots that form a powerful and branched system.
Common raspberries have erect stems. Young shoots are herbaceous, they are colored green with a bluish coating, they are quite juicy, and they are covered with thin miniature thorns.
The leaves are oval-shaped, petiolate, alternate, compound, having from 3 to 7 ovate leaflets. They are dark green above, the lower part is whitish, covered with small hairs.
Common raspberries bloom with small white flowers. They gather in racemose inflorescences located at the tops of the stems.
The raspberry is a small, hairy drupe fused into a complex fruit. It appears not only on shoots that have already reached two years of age. In the south of our country, berries also appear on first-year trees in mid-autumn. These shoots acquire a brown color and become woody; fruit-bearing branches appear from the axils of the leaves, on which there are flower buds. After fruiting, the side branches dry out, but new stems grow from the same root the next year.
Variety of varieties
Today there are more than two hundred and fifty species of raspberries. All of them are frost-resistant and able to tolerate drought. In addition, they have different periods of fruit ripening, differ in color and size of berries, which do not always have the characteristic crimson color. Today, no one will be surprised by yellow, orange and even black berries. Such species are distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. About thirty species and several hybrids are cultivated in Russia. Therefore, every gardener can grow the variety that he likes best on his plot.
Selection of seedlings
We would like to say right away that this is a very responsible event. Selecting raspberry seedlings from the variety presented is not easy, so this issue should be approached very responsibly. It is more advisable to choose small specimens with two or three shoots and well-developed roots.
It is necessary to plant raspberry seedlings very quickly after purchase, after keeping them for some time in a root growth stimulator. If the bushes were purchased in late autumn, then it is better to postpone planting raspberries until spring. During this time, the seedlings are placed in slightly damp sawdust and left in an unheated room. It is important that the temperature in it does not rise above +4 °C. Otherwise, young bushes may die.
Raspberries - planting, care
This work can be carried out in early spring, before buds form, or in September-October, when replacement buds have already formed.
Prepare a hole measuring 40 x 40 x 50 cm. Plants are planted in such holes at a distance of fifty centimeters between the bushes. Rotted manure is placed at its bottom, then 60-70 g of potassium sulfate and 150 g of double superphosphate are added. To this you can add 400 g of ash (wood). The indicated volume is enough for 3-4 pits.
We can say that the raspberry planting is complete. Now the seedlings should be watered abundantly and trimmed so that their height does not exceed 25 cm. Mulching the soil will help them take root. Caring for young plants consists of regular but shallow weeding of the soil, timely watering and removal of weeds.
Trimming
Growing raspberries is not difficult. Even a novice gardener who has mastered the simple rules can cope with it.
In spring the plant needs pruning. At this time, all parts of the shoots damaged by frost should be removed to healthy buds. By cutting the tops by fifteen centimeters, you thereby stimulate the bush to form new fruit-bearing branches. Growing raspberries is impossible without pruning; it is very useful for this plant. Some experienced gardeners believe that after fruiting it is necessary to cut off all the shoots that produced berries. This procedure rejuvenates the bush and guarantees a higher harvest next year.
Why does a raspberry need support?
It is necessary for the full growth of the bush. It is best for this purpose to use wire or rope stretched between poles that are installed along the edges of the row. The first row of supports is tensioned at a height of fifty to seventy centimeters, the next at a height of one and a half meters. Young shoots are carefully straightened and fixed to supports as they grow.
Raspberry care - fertilizer
So, raspberries have appeared in your garden. Caring for it should be regular throughout the year. This plant needs soil fertilization. Every year in the fall or spring, 20 grams of potassium sulfate, 5 kilograms of humus and 25 grams of superphosphate should be added to the soil. This is the norm for one square meter. If you notice that your raspberries are growing too slowly, plant care can be supplemented by adding bird droppings or manure in early summer. Remontant raspberries require a doubling of all specified norms for active fruiting.
Reproduction
This plant can be propagated quite simply. To do this, you can use cuttings with buds. They can be either green or woody. In addition, root cuttings can be used.
They are cut at the root, dipped in a solution of a growth stimulator and planted for rooting. Root shoots are separated when they reach 15-20 cm in length. This usually happens in early June. They must be carefully dug up and planted in a new place. At this time, the weather is quite hot, so the seedlings should be watered every day until they take root.
To propagate by root cuttings, you need to take a root 0.5 cm thick, cut it into pieces (20 cm each) and plant it in a prepared groove.
Many gardeners have encountered a situation where common raspberries sprout offspring in the most unexpected places. And this state of affairs is not at all pleasing. It is possible to combat this problem. To do this, it is necessary to regularly remove unwanted growth. There are more effective way, allowing you to forget about this problem. Such processes appear at a depth of about twenty-five centimeters, so a barrier must be installed. It is usually made from slate. Set it to a depth of thirty centimeters; the shoots will no longer grow beyond the fenced area.
Raspberry remontant
No one can extend the summer. But everyone can enjoy plenty of aromatic berries. To do this, it is necessary that remontant raspberries grow on your site. She will delight you with a fragrant harvest three times a summer.
Choosing a landing site
Just like common raspberries, remontant species should be planted in light, sunny area. Otherwise she won't give good harvest. It is better to plant it on the south side of your garden. A nearby fence will protect the plant from drafts and wind.
The soil should be loose and fertile, allowing moisture and oxygen to pass well to the roots of the bush. If the soil is not too rich in minerals, it must be fertilized, compost, peat, and sand must be added. In this case, the raspberry will delight you with its exquisite taste and aroma.
Harvesting cuttings
Cuttings for propagation of remontant raspberries are prepared in the spring. To do this, it is better to take shoots with a low above-ground part (5 cm) after the rosette of leaves has fully formed. Larger shoots take root much worse because their growth has already begun.
Carefully trim and remove the cutting along with a lump of earth. Sprinkle the cut charcoal. You cannot put cuttings in water or wash them. Loosen well, slightly moisten and fertilize the soil. After 3 weeks, the cuttings will begin to take root.
Caring for remontant raspberries
The productivity of this raspberry largely depends on regular watering. It should be watered thoroughly so that the soil is saturated with moisture to the very roots. In hot weather, you need to water the bushes more often, and in rainy or damp weather less often. During flowering and berry formation, watering should again be intense.
Most effective method watering - drip. It doses the water supply, the moisture reaches the roots well and the soil is moistened more evenly. In addition, water is used more economically with this type of irrigation.
Preparing for winter
Remontant, like common raspberries, needs mulching before the onset of cold weather. To do this, you need to use only organic products: humus, sawdust, manure, hay.
Mulching is carried out after pruning. This will protect root system from severe frosts. In the spring, you don’t have to remove the mulch - it will become good nutrition during the growth of the bush.
What is wrong with raspberries?
The gardener must be well versed in this matter in order to notice the first signs of the disease and provide the plant with the necessary help. Raspberry diseases are typical for many fruit-bearing bushes. Get to know them too.
Anthracnose. This disease affects very young shoots, berries, and leaves. Round (oval) depressed spots appear on the shoots. At first they are colored purple, and then gray. The spots have a red-violet edge. Dotted spots appear on the leaves, and small sores appear on the berries, which then dry out. After this, the leaves and petioles die. The berries also dry out.
White spotting. Many raspberry diseases are well known to experienced gardeners, including white spot. The disease develops on leaves and stems. Whitish round spots appear framed by a thin brownish border. In the center of such a spot, the tissue crumbles. Vague whitish spots appear on the stems, the bark on them cracks and peels off. If the attack is very severe, the stems will die.
Purple spotting. The causative agent of this disease overwinters on plant debris. It affects buds, stems, leaf petioles, and less commonly the leaves themselves. Light purple spots appear on annual shoots, which gradually acquire a red-brown tint. They grow, merge and, without treatment, cover up to 1/3 of the shoot.
Gray rot. This disease affects shoots and berries. Usually the disease begins during the period of active flowering. Berries affected by this disease rot and are not suitable for use. Young shoots are covered with elongated spots. On the affected areas in winter, the bark cracks, and black bodies of the fungus can be seen in the cracks. During the winter such shoots die.
As you can see, raspberries are susceptible to many diseases. Planting this plant in your garden also requires high-quality care for it. Only in this case will you get a good harvest.
Useful properties of raspberries
The very tasty and aromatic berries of this plant contain citric, malic, formic, salicylic and caproic acids, vitamins C and B, sucrose, glucose, carotene, fructose, and tannins. The seeds contain more than 15% fatty oils.
The antipyretic and diaphoretic effect of raspberries is explained by the fact that it contains salicylic acid. Tea made from dried fruits is excellent in treating colds. Traditional healers use raspberries to improve digestion, anemia, scurvy, and stomach pain.
Infusions and decoctions of the leaves are taken as an astringent for stomach disorders, uterine and gastric bleeding, inflammation of the intestines, and gargling helps with sore throat.
A decoction of flowers is used as a wash for erysipelas. It is also used for conjunctivitis to wash the eyes. An infusion of flowers and leaves is used for hemorrhoids and some gynecological diseases.
In the article we discuss common raspberries, talk about the beneficial properties and uses of the fruits and leaves of the plant. You will learn how to use raspberries to treat coughs and colds, lower blood pressure, stabilize the condition diabetes mellitus and for women's health.
Common raspberry is a fruit subshrub, a species of the Rubus genus of the Rosaceae family. Lat. name - Rubus idaeus.
Common names: forest raspberry, cat berry.
What does it look like
In this section we have given a description of raspberries. Common raspberry is a deciduous shrub. Its rhizome is perennial, with biennial aboveground stems. Raspberries reach a height of 1.5−2.5 m.
Raspberry photo: Appearance raspberry The sinuous and woody rhizome has many adventitious roots that form a powerful branched system.
Stems are erect. The shoots of the first year are herbaceous, green with a bluish bloom, juicy, covered with thin small thorns. Two-year-old shoots are woody, brown, dry out immediately after fruiting. The next year, new stems grow in their place from the same root.
Leaves are oval, alternate, petiolate, compound. The upper side of the leaves is dark green, the lower side is whitish, with small hairs.
The flowers are white, collected in small racemes. Located at the tops of stems or in the axils of leaves. The petals are shorter than the calyx lobes. Raspberries bloom from June to July; in good weather, flowering continues until August.
The fruits are small hairy drupes, fused on the receptacle into a complex fruit, pink, red or burgundy in color (there are raspberry varieties with yellow and black fruits). Raspberries begin to bear fruit from the second year. Fruits in August.
Where does it grow?
Raspberries grow in clearings, in forests, along river banks. It is also a popular garden plant.
Russia is the leader in raspberry cultivation on the world market. The berry is also grown on an industrial scale in Ukraine, Serbia, Poland, Hungary, Germany, France, Great Britain, Canada and the USA.
Raspberry fruits and leaves
Raspberry fruits are most often used for medicinal purposes. Raspberry leaves also have medicinal properties. The branches and roots of the plant are used less often.
Chemical composition
Chemical composition of raspberry fruits:
- Sahara;
- essential oil;
- pectin substances;
- protein substances;
- mucus;
- organic acids;
- vitamins A, group B, C;
- wine spirit;
- isoamyl alcohol;
- ketones;
- anthocyanin cyanin;
- catechins;
- tannins.
Medicinal properties
Medicinal properties of raspberries:
- antipyretic;
- diaphoretic;
- expectorant;
- anti-inflammatory;
- pain reliever;
- hypotensive;
- astringent;
- hemostatic;
- diuretic;
- restorative.
Raspberries are most often used for colds.. Jam or infusion lowers body temperature, relieves inflammation, eliminates cough and other symptoms of ARVI and flu. Raspberries eliminate headaches and improve well-being. Can be used as a prophylactic.
Raspberries exhibit properties in relation to the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It improves heart function and... Calms nervous system, has an analgesic effect, improves sleep.
Raspberries have a diuretic effect, remove excess liquid from the body. Positively affect kidney function.
Raspberries are good for women's health. It has rejuvenating properties, normalizes hormonal background, relieves pain during PMS, improves well-being during menopause. Eating raspberries during lactation helps increase the quantity and improve the quality of breast milk.
Most important properties raspberry leaves - hemostatic and astringent. Tea, decoctions and infusions from the leaves of the plant are used to stop external and internal bleeding, including during heavy menstruation. Medicines based on raspberry leaves are used to treat diarrhea.
How to collect
Use raspberry fruits and leaves for medicinal purposes. Raspberry berries are collected during the fruiting period. Fruits must be collected in dry weather. Each berry is picked separately. Do not pick spoiled or overripe berries - if they let out the juice, they can spoil the rest of the fruits in the basket.
Before harvesting, sort the raspberries, remove crushed berries and debris, rinse under cold running water and dry on a towel. For long-term storage, freeze raspberries by distributing the harvest into plastic containers.
Raspberry leaves are harvested during the flowering period - in June - July. The collection of raw materials is carried out in dry sunny weather. Only clean, dry and healthy leaves are harvested - best of all, young ones, at the tops of the plant.
Do not pick all the leaves from one bush, this will deplete the plant.
In a dark, dry and well-ventilated area. You can prepare raw materials in electric dryers at temperatures up to 40 degrees. Store dried raspberry leaves in bags made of natural fabrics, wooden boxes or glass jars in a dark and dry place.
How to use
Tea is brewed from raspberry leaves and fruits, decoctions, infusions, etc. are prepared. Below we have provided the recipes. medicines for the treatment of cough, lowering temperature, lowering blood pressure, normalizing diabetes, for women's health.
Cough tea
The easiest way to take raspberries for coughs is in the form of jam. You can also sprinkle the berries with sugar and add this mixture to boiling water, black or green tea.
Ingredients:
- Raspberries - 1 part.
- Sugar - 2 parts.
How to cook: Cover the berries with sugar and store in the refrigerator.
How to use: Add 1-2 teaspoons of raspberries to a glass of tea. It is better to drink raspberry tea before bed. Do not forget that after eating raspberries you should not go outside.
Result: Raspberry when coughing makes it more productive, improves well-being, and improves immunity.
Jam at temperature
Raspberries at fever should be taken in small quantities before bed. Drink raspberry tea when you have a cold, eating 1-2 tablespoons of jam. Wrap yourself in a warm blanket and put on socks.
Raspberries can be taken for colds if the body temperature is below 39 degrees. If you have a very high temperature, call a doctor and take the medications prescribed by a specialist.
Infusion for sore throat
For sore throat, you can take an infusion of raspberry leaves. This remedy is also suitable for the treatment of other diseases in which the nasopharyngeal mucosa becomes inflamed.
Ingredients:
- Boiling water - 1.5 cups.
How to cook: Pour boiling water over dry raspberry leaves and leave the medicine for 2-3 hours. Strain the drink before drinking.
How to use: Drink half a glass 3 times a day.
Result: Relieves inflammation, relieves pain.
Decoction for pressure
They brew tea with raspberries, make decoctions and infusions. To lower blood pressure, use a decoction of raspberries and linden flowers.
Ingredients:
- Raspberries - 1 teaspoon.
- Linden flowers - 1 teaspoon.
- Water - 300 ml.
How to cook: Pour water over raspberries and linden, bring to a boil and boil for 3-5 minutes. Cool and strain before using.
How to use: Drink the decoction throughout the day.
Result: Raspberry decoction for blood pressure not only lowers blood pressure, but also strengthens the heart and blood vessels, eliminates shortness of breath, and removes excess fluid from the body.
Tea for diabetes
Raspberries for diabetes can be eaten fresh or frozen, in the form of puree, or drink freshly squeezed raspberry juice. To lower blood sugar levels, you can brew raspberry leaves and drink them like regular tea.
Ingredients:
- Raspberry leaves - 1 tbsp.
- Boiling water - 1 glass.
How to cook: Pour boiling water over the raspberry leaves and leave for 20-30 minutes.
How to use: Drink as regular tea throughout the day.
Result: Raspberries for diabetes lower blood sugar levels, improve well-being, and improve immunity.
Decoction for atherosclerosis
Raspberries not only lower blood pressure, but also help break down atherosclerotic plaques and reduce the level of bad cholesterol in the blood. To treat atherosclerosis, take a decoction of raspberry leaves.
Ingredients:
- Dry raspberry leaves - 10 g.
- Boiling water - 1 glass.
How to cook: Pour water over the leaves and boil for 15 minutes. Bring the volume to the original volume with water.
How to use: Take half a glass 3 times a day.
Result: Purifies the blood and lowers cholesterol levels.
Infusion for gastritis
For chronic gastritis and for gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice, you can take an infusion of raspberry leaves.
Ingredients:
- Dry crushed raspberry leaves - 2 tbsp.
- Water - 1 glass.
How to cook: Pour boiling water over the raspberry leaves and leave for 30 minutes. Strain before use.
How to use: Drink ⅓ glass of infusion 3 times a day half an hour before meals.
Result: Eliminates pain, reduces the secretion of hydrochloric acid, helps normalize digestion.
Decoction for women
Ingredients:
- Dry raspberry leaves - 2 tbsp.
- Water - 500 ml.
How to cook: Fill the raw material with water. Place over medium heat and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 5 minutes. Cool and strain before use.
How to use: Drink the decoction throughout the day, dividing it into 3 doses.
Result: Raspberry for women helps in treatment inflammatory diseases genitourinary system, stimulates the production of hormones, normalizes menstrual cycle, improves well-being.
Raspberries for children
You can give raspberries to children no earlier than 1 year. Next, berries should be consumed in moderation.
Give your baby 1 raspberry; if an allergic reaction does not occur, you can give a handful of fruits a day.
Raspberry jam can be given in small quantities for coughs and colds. Tea made from the leaves of the plant will help with diarrhea. Before using raspberries for medicinal purposes, consult your pediatrician.
Raspberries during pregnancy
It is not only possible to eat, but also necessary. Raspberries contain vitamins and other beneficial substances necessary to maintain the health of a woman and the development of the fetus.
In the first and second trimester, only the fruits of the plant can be consumed. Fresh berries and jam from them will help cope with colds, improve mood and increase the immunity of a pregnant woman. But tea and decoctions from the leaves should not be consumed - they increase the tone of the uterus and can cause miscarriage or premature birth.
Can be used no earlier than 3 months after birth. Be careful, eating berries can cause allergies in your child. Eat no more than 50 g of raspberries per day. Start with 1 berry and watch the reaction of your body and your baby’s body.
For more information about raspberries, watch the video:
Contraindications
You already know the beneficial properties of raspberries, contraindications for use:
- allergy;
- kidney, bladder, or gallstones;
- gout.
Raspberries should be consumed with caution in acute gastrointestinal diseases.
Classification
Taxonomic position:
- department: Flowers;
- class: Dicotyledons;
- order: Rosaceae;
- family: Pink;
- genus: Rubus;
- species: Common raspberry.
Varieties
The genus Rubus, to which the common raspberry belongs, includes 1494 species. The most famous are: blackberry, cloudberry, princeberry, stone fruit, raspberry.
Raspberry common infographic
Photo of common raspberry, its beneficial properties and uses 
Infographics on common raspberries
What to remember
- The benefits and harms of raspberries depend on chemical composition. Useful properties possess the fruits and leaves of the plant, sometimes its branches and roots are used.
- Raspberries are used to treat coughs, lower temperatures, lower blood sugar levels, normalize blood pressure, and for women's health.
- Raspberries can be taken during pregnancy after consulting your doctor.
Please support the project - tell us about us
Classmates
Common raspberry (Rubus idaeus).
Description. Deciduous prickly subshrub of the Rosaceae family. It has a perennial sinuous rhizome with adventitious roots forming a branched root system.
The rhizome sends up erect shoots, which in the first year of life are herbaceous, green in color and covered with soft thorns in the lower part. In the second year of life, the shoots become woody, become brownish in color, and bear fruit.
After fruiting, they die off, and the rhizome sprouts new shoots. The length of the shoots reaches 1.5 - 2 m. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, oval with 3 - 7 leaflets on the petioles. The leaves are dark green above, whitish below and pubescent.
The flowers are small, white, up to 10 mm in diameter with a greenish calyx. Collected in small racemose inflorescences located in the axils of the leaves and at the top of the stem.
The corolla has 5 petals, which are shorter than the calyx lobes. The fruit is a tightly fused drupe, which when ripe becomes juicy, tender, and red in color.
Of the cultivated raspberry varieties, there are those that have yellow fruits. In wild raspberries, the drupes are not tightly fused and therefore fall apart easily. Blooms in late May - June. Fruit ripening in July. Propagated by dividing the bush, cuttings, seeds.
It is distributed in the wild in the European part of the CIS. Grows in forest clearings, clearings, clearings, and ravines. Prefers moist soil rich in humus. The yield of cultivated raspberry varieties is affected by weather. Cold, rainy or hot, dry weather negatively affects crop yields. In hot, dry weather, raspberries need to be watered.
Collection and preparation of raw materials. Collection and preparation of raw materials. Raspberry fruits and leaves are harvested for medicinal purposes. The fruits must be collected in dry weather, after the dew has dried.
The collected fruits are cleaned from the receptacle and leaves, separating spoiled and overripe ones. Dry in the sun, spreading it in a thin layer on paper. Next, dry in dryers or ovens at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. If, when kneading in the hand, the fruits do not stain the skin, such fruits are considered sufficiently dried. Shelf life - 2 years.
Leaves and flowers are harvested during the flowering period and dried outdoors in the shade or in a well-ventilated area. Their shelf life is 1 year.
Composition of the plant. Raspberry fruits contain up to 6% sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose), pectin, coloring, nitrogenous substances, carotene, organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric, salicylic), mucus, flavonoids, tannins, vitamins C, E, PP , some B vitamins, micro- and macroelements.
Leaves and flowers contain organic acids, tannins, vitamin C. Seeds contain fatty oil up to 15%, phytosterols.
Useful properties of raspberries.
Fresh raspberries are not only attractive in appearance, have a pleasant aroma and taste, but also have certain beneficial properties.
Raspberry fruits have diaphoretic, antipyretic, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antitoxic properties. They also improve digestion, quench thirst, and speed up the body's elimination of alcohol.
Fresh raspberries are a dietary product for diabetes, anemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, to improve digestion and increase appetite.
Many people know that for colds and flu it is useful to drink tea made from dried raspberries or with raspberry jam. This tea will not only help reduce the temperature, but also helps remove toxins from the body that are formed as a result of the fight against viruses and bacteria. Cleansing the body of toxins improves well-being and speeds up recovery.
Raspberry fruits contain various microelements; they are especially rich in copper and molybdenum. Copper is involved in many important processes in the body - in hematopoiesis, the construction of proteins, the growth of cells and tissues, it gives elasticity and strength to blood vessels, as well as strength to bones, as it is a component of the protein framework of bones. Copper also enhances collagen synthesis, which makes the skin beautiful and elastic.
Molybdenum is responsible for metabolism, regulation of growth processes, maintains dental tissue in proper condition, participates in the production of hemoglobin and in the synthesis of amino acids, normalizes sexual function, and influences the qualitative composition of intestinal microflora.
Fresh raspberries are used to prevent hypo- and avitaminosis, anemia.
Medicinal properties of raspberries.
Raspberries are both edible and medicinal plant. The benefits of tea made from dried raspberries or tea with raspberry jam for colds and flu were mentioned above. Raspberries will be useful for anemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, eczema, and to improve digestion. Raspberries are indicated for those who have suffered a stroke or heart attack and those with high blood pressure, as it has a therapeutic and preventive effect on the walls of blood vessels and capillaries. You can eat as many fresh berries as you like (if there are no contraindications). The decrease in pressure can be long-term and sustainable.
Dried raspberries are included in diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, and vitamin preparations.
IN folk medicine For medicinal purposes, not only raspberry fruits are used, but also leaves, flowers, stems, and roots.
Raspberry leaves and flowers are useful, medicinal properties.
Raspberry leaves have astringent, anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, hemostatic, blood purifying properties; flowers - antitoxic, anti-inflammatory properties.
An infusion or decoction of the leaves is used for cough, diarrhea, enterocolitis, gastritis, enteritis, colitis, hemorrhoids, gastric bleeding, heavy menstruation, dermatitis, acne, erysipelas, skin rashes, menorrhagia.
Externally, an infusion of leaves is used as a rinse for diseases of the mouth and throat (stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis); lotions - for skin diseases and hemorrhoids; douching - for the treatment of gynecological diseases.
Infusion and decoction of flowers inside - for respiratory infections, gastralgia, hemorrhoids. As an external remedy - for erysipelas, acne, eye diseases.
To treat insect bites and dermatitis, use an infusion of olive oil.
Dosage forms and doses.
Infusion of dried fruits. 4 tbsp. spoons of raw materials pour 400 ml of boiling water. Infuse for 15 minutes, strain, take 1-2 cups hot as a diaphoretic for colds, to improve digestion, for headaches and stomach pain, loss of strength, anemia.
Infusion of leaves. 2 tbsp. spoons of dry crushed leaves pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes, strain, take 1/2 cup 3 times a day. In the treatment of hemorrhoids and skin diseases, oral infusion is combined with external use.
Infusion of raspberry flowers. 3 tbsp. spoons of dried crushed flowers, pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes and then strain. Take 1 tbsp 3 times a day. spoon.
Raspberry juice Take 1/4 - 1/2 cup before meals. The juice can be diluted half and half with water. Take the juice for diabetes, atherosclerosis, colds, feverish conditions, prostatic hyperplasia, neurasthenia, infertility, and sexual impotence.
Infusion of leaves or flowers for external use. 2 tablespoons of dry crushed raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water, left for 30 minutes, filtered. Apply externally in the form of rinses, washes, lotions.
An infusion used to treat female inflammatory diseases and thrush. To prepare the infusion, take equal parts, 2 tablespoons of dry crushed raspberry and salvia leaves, pour boiling water, leave for 20 minutes, filter. After cooling, it is used in the form of vaginal douching, the regularity of which depends on the degree of the disease (from 1 time every 2 days to 2 times a day daily). When treating thrush, you can add natural apple cider vinegar to the infusion - 2 tablespoons per 1 liter. infusion.
Ointment made from fresh leaves. Pure raspberry leaves are ground, squeezed out the juice, mixed with petroleum jelly or, optionally, with butter in a ratio of 1:4. Used externally for skin diseases.
Contraindications. Raspberries are contraindicated for patients with nephritis and gout. In some people, raspberry preparations can cause an allergic reaction in the form of skin rashes.
Common raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) belongs to the group of plants from the Rosaceae family, a small shrub up to 2 m high, with odd pinnately compound, white-pubescent leaves below, white flowers with many stamens and crimson fruits - fragrant aggregate drupes. Fruits in July - August. Blooms in June - July. Several hundred cultivated varieties of raspberries are known.
Common raspberry homeland - Central Europe. Grows in shady forests, among bushes, along forest edges, clearings, ravines, river banks in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Central Asia. Widely cultivated as a berry plant.
For use, leaves and flowers are collected during flowering; fruits - in July and August; roots - in autumn.
The seeds contain fatty oil (up to 14.6%), phytosterol (0.4%). Fruit Rubus idaeus L. contain organic acids (salicylic, malic, citric, formic, caproic), glucose (up to 4.3%), fructose (up to 8%), sucrose (up to 6.5%), tannins (up to 0.3%), pectin , nitrogenous and coloring substances, potassium and copper salts, cyanine chloride, acetoin, benzaldehyde, vitamin C (up to 45 mg%), carotene (up to 0.3 mg%), traces of B vitamins, essential oil.
Medicinal properties.
The fruits improve appetite, regulate the activity of the stomach and intestines, soothe pain in the gastrointestinal tract and have a sobering effect during alcohol intoxication, and also have antiemetic, analgesic, diaphoretic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. The leaves have an astringent (fixing), anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, hemostatic and blood purifying effect; flowers - anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effects.
Practice of use, recipes.
A decoction of raspberry roots is taken for malaria and as a hemostatic agent for hemorrhoids. A decoction of flowers is used to wash the face for acne, as a lotion for eye inflammation and erysipelas.
Herbal infusion:
1) 2 tbsp. l. dried raspberries in 400 ml of boiling water, infuse for 1 hour, filter. Take 50 ml with honey 4-6 times a day as a diaphoretic and antipyretic for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, fever and headache, as an antiscorbutic and as a means of stimulating appetite and regulating activity gastrointestinal tract;
2) 4 tsp. raspberry leaves in 500 ml of boiling water, infuse for 2 hours, filter. Take warm, 50 ml 4 times a day for diarrhea, stomach bleeding, cough, respiratory diseases and fever, as well as for rashes, acne, lichen and other skin diseases. Used to gargle for sore throat. An infusion of flowers is used as a lotion for bites of poisonous snakes and scorpions, and an infusion of flowers and leaves is taken orally for female diseases and hemorrhoids.
