Production of wind generators for home as a business. Personal energy - wind turbines Vertical wind generators

The corporation plans to build wind farms in regions where it often blows strong wind: in the North-West, the Far East, Siberia and the South of Russia.

Now, according to the corporation, Russia’s share in wind energy production is negligible - there are separate wind power plants in the country, the productivity of the most powerful of which reaches approximately 5 MW per year. At the same time, worldwide wind energy production is constantly increasing. China plans to increase wind energy generation by 20 GW per year, the annual increase in Europe reaches about 10 GW, and around the world about 40 GW of power generating capacity is commissioned annually. wind energy, which, roughly speaking, corresponds to the power of 40 nuclear power units.

The main problem in the production of wind turbines is generators, Rosatom says. Suitable ones are not produced in Russia, and the installation of powerful foreign ones turns out to be economically ineffective due to their heavy weight and cost.

As the head of the Rosatom project “Russian Superconductor”, director of JSC “Science and Innovations” explained to Izvestia Victor Pantsirny, A breakthrough into the wind energy market will be helped by the development of a fundamentally new generator based on high-temperature superconductors.

“The new generator will have an advantage over existing energy sources due to the fact that it will weigh 4 times less than the devices currently used. It is much easier and cheaper to lift and install at a height of 250 m a unit weighing 80 tons, rather than 300, - explains Pantsirny.

The corporation is ready to pay 168 million rubles for the development of a prototype of such a device. According to technical specifications, the sample power should be 1 MVA, the frequency should be 150 rpm, and the superconducting elements of the generator should be cooled using a cryogenic system (at the same time, in addition to the generator, according to the technical specifications, the researchers will have to invent an electric motor, a kinetic energy storage device and a test bench for all these products operating on high-temperature superconductors ).

But the industrial production of the main element of a wind energy mill - a light generator - is still in question - there are no necessary high-temperature superconductors of suitable quality to produce our own. Rosatom has already purchased the technology for the production of this material from the German company Bruker HTS for approximately 2 billion rubles. But the technology turned out to be imperfect. The production of super-temperature conductors needs improvement and additional scientific research. In generators, high-temperature superconductors, after working for about a month, begin to degrade. Until this problem is resolved, it will not be possible to establish industrial production of competitive windmills.

As soon as the degradation problem is solved, Science and Innovations CJSC plans to begin production of superconductors on an industrial scale. It is planned to introduce seven or eight production lines that will be able to produce up to 7 thousand km of superconductors per year. This will be enough to produce generators not only for the needs of wind energy in Russia, but also for supplies abroad, the developer expects.

An agreement to invest in the construction of a plant for the production of blades for wind generators was signed by the head of the region Sergei Morozov, the General Director of the Ulyanovsk Region Development Corporation Sergei Vasin and representatives of the Danish company Vestas Wind Systems A/S (a member of RAWI) Tommy Rabek Nielsen and David Rowan at the conference “Requirements” investors - the actions of the authorities."

The project involves the creation of production of wind turbine components, namely blades for wind generators with the prospect of further development.

“Today, projects in the field of green energy are a priority not only for the region, but also for the entire state. At one time, we became the first site in Russia where construction of a wind farm began. And now we will be the first to locate the production of components. Today an agreement was signed with Vestas, the world leader in the installation of wind generators. We are planning large-scale cooperation, the construction of new wind farms in the region using components that will be produced on our territory. Moreover, the international company will create about 200 new high-tech jobs here, where young Ulyanovsk residents, graduates of our own educational institutions, will work,” said Sergei Morozov.”

The Fortum company (a member of RAVI) and RUSNANO have chosen Vestas as their partner, a supplier of turbines for wind power plants in Russia. We are talking about large-scale cooperation, about the construction of new wind farms in the region using components that will be produced in the Ulyanovsk region.

“The potential of the wind industry in Russia is enormous. The Russian market is different from the markets of other countries with which we have worked previously, so we are now actively exploring it, communicating with our partners about how to do business here. Previously, I did not know about the existence of Ulyanovsk, but when my colleagues and I visited the region, we were pleasantly surprised by the openness of the regional leadership, the development team, and most importantly, the willingness to act and develop. We highly appreciate the prospects for cooperation with the Ulyanovsk region, we plan to invest in human resources, including through cooperation with regional educational institutions, and we know that the region has already taken steps in training personnel for the wind energy sector,” said Tommy Rabek Nielsen.

The estimated investment volume of Vestas Wind Systems A/S in the project will be over 1 billion rubles. The investor intends to put the enterprise into operation by mid-2019.

“It is important that the first production of blades for wind generators in Russia will appear in our region. Thus, we continue to implement the program to create a production cluster for wind power plants. We strive to gain technological leadership in this area through partnerships foreign companies with Ulyanovsk business. In particular, this project is being implemented with the participation of DARS Group of Companies, a subsidiary of the Regional Development Corporation - the Ulyanovsk Nanocenter and RUSNANO,” said Sergey Vasin.

Vestas Wind Systems A/S also plans to develop cooperation with regional professional educational organizations for the implementation of educational and practical courses in educational programs, as well as conduct career guidance activities in order to vocational training and creating a personnel reserve of Russian wind energy personnel.

Let us recall that in the Ulyanovsk region in 2017, the first in Russia department “Wind Energy Systems and Complexes” was created at the Ulyanovsk State technical university, as well as the basic department of “Wind Energy Technologies” on the basis of the Ulyanovsk Nanotechnology Center. Since September 2017, they have started working with future wind energy specialists.

For reference:
Vestas Wind Systems A/S is a global partner for sustainable solutions in the energy industry. The company was founded in 1898. Vestas designs, manufactures, installs and services wind turbines worldwide. The company's total turbine capacity, located in 75 countries, is 85 GW, meaning it has installed more wind turbines than anyone else in the world. The company employs 22,500 people and, together with its partners, provides clean energy to the world. ?

The government of the Ulyanovsk region has agreed with the Chinese company Dongfang Electric Wind Power Co., Ltd (DEW) on cooperation in creating the production of blades for wind generators in the region - as part of a project to build a wind farm with a capacity of 35 megawatts.

The corresponding memorandum of intent was signed on Thursday by the president and director of DEW Chen Jun(Chen Jun), General Director of Ulyanovsk Region Development Corporation JSC Sergey Vasin and General Director of the nanocenter ULNANOTECH Andrey Redkin. The signing ceremony took place in the presence of the acting governor of the Ulyanovsk region Sergei Morozov, Managing Director of LLC Management Company RUSNANO Andrey Pokhozhaev, as well as representatives of the Energy Administration of Sichuan Province (PRC), JSC Fortum.

In the photo (from left to right): Vice President of the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Director of the Sichuan Provincial Energy Administration Lei Kaiping (second from left), President and Director of DEW Chen Jun, Acting Governor of the Ulyanovsk Region Sergei Morozov, Vice President Fortum company Andrey Nesteruk, General Director of the Ulyanovsk Region Development Corporation JSC Sergey Vasin, General Director of the ULNANOTECH nanocenter Andrey Redkin

It is planned to build Russia's first large wholesale wind farm in the Ulyanovsk region. Its first stage will have a capacity of 35 megawatts, in the future it is planned to increase it to 350 megawatts. The project is being implemented by the energy company Fortum. The Ulyanovsk nanocenter ULNANOTECH is the integrator of the project - its task is to organize the entire production chain for the construction of wind generators.

Since the blades of modern wind power plants are huge—more than 50 meters—they need to be produced close to the site of the future power plant. Therefore, it is planned to expand the production of towers, blades, electrical components, and protective coatings in the region.

In accordance with the memorandum, DEW will provide technology, localization, and technical support for the creation of wind turbine blade production in the Ulyanovsk region. The final parameters of cooperation and conditions for localizing production are expected to be agreed upon in three months. The Ulyanovsk Nanocenter plans to sign similar agreements with other companies producing components for wind power plants.

“The goal that we have set for ourselves is quite simple: by 2025, one third of the electricity consumed should be produced from renewable sources. Today we are the only region in Russia that has set such a task. In our region, the development of renewable energy is given special attention, and we have the opportunity to use the current situation to successful start mutually beneficial cooperation with the companies Dongfang and Fortum, including in terms of localizing the production of wind turbine components. I will be personally responsible for the implementation of this project,” said Sergei Morozov.

“We are confident that we will achieve great results together with the nanocenter, because Dongfang has the most modern technologies for these products, and cooperation with the nanocenter is just the beginning; in the future, we can develop throughout Russia through this platform. I would also like to note that a favorable investment climate has been created in the Ulyanovsk region. This makes us very happy. We are ready to cooperate with you and implement joint projects in other areas too,” commented Lei Kaiping(Lei Kaiping), Vice President of the Sichuan Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Director of the Sichuan Provincial Energy Administration (PRC).

“The agreement with DEW is an important step for the Ulyanovsk region. The region has learned to attract investors and is attracting them purposefully, gathering a new market that did not exist before - the wind energy market. We intend to sign a number of more agreements with large leading companies in the field of production of equipment for wind generation. The next step is to select a regional partner in order to begin preparing the site for turbine production,” noted Andrey Redkin.

He recalled that in accordance with the resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation and the requirements of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, which regulate the renewable energy market, most of components and basic materials for it must be produced in Russia. The agreement with DEW provides for the localization of blade production in the region.

In turn, Managing Director of LLC Management Company RUSNANO Andrey Pokhozhaev noted that the RUSNANO group intends to participate in the localization of the production of wind turbine components.

“It is planned to allocate 1 billion rubles for these purposes. RUSNANO is also exploring the possibility of participating in the construction of wind farms themselves,” he said.

The Rosatom State Corporation entered the wind energy market in 2016. According to Rosatom experts, by 2024 its volume could reach 3.6 GW, with an annual turnover of $1.6 billion. This guarantees demand for the production of wind turbines (WTUs) and the design of wind farms, the necessary infrastructure for them and technical support services.

Rosatom, as a key domestic producer of carbon-neutral energy, has all the resources and competencies to take a significant share of this new market for the company. “We are talking about creating a completely new industry in Russia,” said the first deputy general director State Corporation "Rosatom" Kirill Komarov. - The State Corporation sets itself the task of not only constructing wind power plants (WPPs), but also creating a system of technical regulation, personnel training, organizing the localization of wind turbine production, certification, and the development of R&D. We know better than anyone how to create new industries, since we are constantly engaged in solving such problems as part of the development of nuclear energy in Russia and in the world.”

NovaWind is a new division of Rosatom, the main task of which is to consolidate the efforts of the State Corporation in advanced segments and technological platforms of the electric power industry. The company was founded in September 2017 with authorized capital 1.101 billion rubles. On initial stage NovaWind has united all wind energy assets of Rosatom and is responsible for implementing the strategy in the Wind Energy direction. Solving such an ambitious task requires the formation in Russia of completely new competencies for the creation and management of wind power plants, the organization of serial production of wind turbines in Russia, the organization of after-sales services, and competencies in marketing, development and sales of new products.

VetroOGK JSC, which has been implementing projects to create wind power plants since 2016, has become part of the management of NovaWind JSC. In the new business structure, VetroOGK is responsible for the design and construction of wind power plants and the production of electricity based on wind energy. By 2023, enterprises under the control of NovaWind JSC will have to create wind power plants with a total capacity of 1 GW. NovaWind is also an equal shareholder in a joint venture created in 2017 with Dutch technology partner Lagerwey. The joint venture - Red Wind is responsible for managing the component supply chain, supplying turnkey wind turbines and after-sales support. The company is implementing a production localization program. In February 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation and JSC NovaWind signed a special investment contract for the implementation of an investment project to create an industrial production facility in Volgodonsk on the basis of Atommash, “Assembly production of wind turbine components within the framework of the project “Construction of a 610 MW wind farm and a wind turbine plant.” This project aims to create on the territory of our country the production of generators and wind turbine nacelles with guaranteed Russian Federation stability of conditions for carrying out activities. The planned investment volume of NovaWind in production in Volgodonsk is estimated at 955 million rubles. As part of the SPIC, it is planned to sell 580 sets of high-tech equipment for the construction of wind turbines. It is intended both for the implementation of current projects and for future programs, including export ones.

Thanks to the localization program, Rosatom enterprises are concentrating their unique for Russia competencies in the production of generators for gearless wind turbines.

Lagerwey provides technology transfer for the production of wind turbines with a capacity of 2.5 MW and 4.5 MW to the Russian partner and assists Red Wind in training the personnel necessary for the production of wind turbines and the operation of wind farms.

The first wind power plants (WPPs) will appear in the south of Russia - in the Republic of Adygea (150 MW) and the Stavropol Territory (210 MW). In the Republic of Adygea, a wind farm will be built on the territory of two municipal districts - Shovgenovsky and Giaginsky. Commissioning of the first generation is planned for 2019.

In Europe and the USA, wind turbines are a common element of the countryside landscape. But in Russia, electricity is still supplied to many categories of consumers at strictly regulated prices, so for now, installing a wind turbine is most often not economically profitable.

We are often told that in Denmark or Holland there are windmills in almost every yard, although the average wind speed there is approximately the same as here, says Valery Vasiliev, general director of the Sapsan - Wind Energy company. “It’s just that they lose sight of the fact that there are different types of windmills: networked and autonomous.

Indeed, in Europe, where the cost of electricity is several times higher than ours, networked wind turbines are common. They are connected to the central power supply network, equipped with meters and capable of delivering energy to the central network. In other words, the owner of the wind turbine sells the generated energy to the energy supply company, the cost of which is credited to him when paying. In developed countries, such a scheme has already been well developed, but most importantly, it allows us to achieve tangible savings. We should not forget about the legislation that clearly regulates such relationships. In Russia legal framework this kind is practically absent.

However, even the European business scheme is not ideal, primarily due to technological reasons. “Such a windmill is bad because it “spoils” the central network with sudden changes in power, which strongly depends on the wind speed (when the wind speed changes twice, the power of the windmill changes eight times), explains Valery Vasiliev. - As a result, a station focused on supplying electricity to a specific area is capable of absorbing only 6–10% of such “dirty” energy without visible consequences. Therefore, there must be special organizations that will monitor how many wind turbines have already been connected, and how many are still possible.”

In addition, when connecting a wind turbine to the central network, you need to sign an agreement with the organization and draw up many other documents, which takes a lot of time even abroad. And if you remember what bureaucratic obstacles arise if it is necessary to approve at least something in Russia, we can safely assume that it will take several years, no less, to obtain permission and all the necessary approvals.

We were interested in this problem. And then one day we learned about the story of a certain American who said that it took him more than six months to sign the contract and connect the windmill to the central network! - recalls Yulia Vasilyeva, Deputy General Director of Sapsan - Wind Energy. - If everything is so complicated even overseas, we have to conclude: networked wind turbines in Russia are unlikely to take root in the near future.

But what about autonomous ones?

Either it's business or it's not
- All over the world, wind energy is a subsidized and very prestigious industry, 70–90% financed by the state, environmental funds, various grants with a payback period of 15–25 years or even without a period. “It’s not like that here,” says Arkady Magid, head of the Volgograd company “April”. - As a result, the development of wind energy in Russia is possible only through the efforts of entrepreneurs who are ready to put up with difficulties and hardships at first, engaging in this not yet very popular business, so that in the future - distant or not - they will become leaders of the nascent market.

“It’s difficult to call our business a business in the full sense of the word,” agrees Valery Vasiliev. - Yes, we work on full self-sufficiency, but the business is very seasonal. It happens that in the winter we sit for several months without a single order.” Alas, the demand for wind turbines is still low. Potential consumers are confused by both the high price and the risk of being left without electricity if there is no wind. Finally, the long payback period of a wind turbine and, as a consequence, the higher price of electricity than from the central network play a role.

The cost of 1 kW/hour of energy produced by our windmill is about 2–2.5 rubles. Meanwhile, the cost of electricity from the central network in our Volgograd region for enterprises is 1.47 rubles per kilowatt. We calculated: the payback period of a wind turbine (when compared with a diesel generator) for our region is 8–10 years. But everyone wants a lot at once! - Arkady Magid complains.

The central network is, of course, a blessing to civilization. Therefore, if it exists or the possibility of its appearance, installing a wind turbine out of a desire to save money is pointless,” concludes Valery Vasiliev.

But who are your main clients then?

Three categories of clients come to us. First of all, those who are connected to the central network, but either it works intermittently, or they hope to save on electricity bills. They have to explain that buying a windmill is pointless and unjustified for them. The second category is those who do not have a central network and there is no way to fail it. These are our main clients. Well, and the third: those who have a network and it works well, but they want to install a wind turbine because they like it, and that’s it. No attempts to save money, just for beauty and effect. We do not refuse such people, but, to be honest, there are few such customers. We had an interesting situation. A client came to us, and from the doorway: “I want to buy a windmill!” He and I discussed this issue for more than an hour. Finally, he remarked: “You are some strange businessmen: I want to buy a windmill, but you’ve been trying to dissuade me for an hour and a half!” And yet I bought it...

Everything is ahead
Russian climatic conditions Not all territories contribute to the development of wind energy, and deceiving consumers by assuring that a wind turbine will produce rated power even at low wind speeds is more expensive.

If we claim that a wind turbine designed for 5 kilowatts will be guaranteed to produce them in almost any wind, then it will be easier to sell. People will start buying. Only then will you have to return the money. It’s one thing to sell less, but quite another to take 12 thousand euros (the price of a 5 kW windmill) out of circulation at a time and return it to a dissatisfied client,” Valery Vasiliev comments on the situation. - For reference: a kilowatt windmill produces rated power at a wind speed of 7–8 m/s, and a five-kilowatt wind turbine produces rated power at a wind speed of 7–8 m/s.

The output of a wind turbine can also be affected by the environment. River banks, high places - all these are factors that improve “carminative properties”. In the same way, proximity to a forest or other obstacle noticeably reduces the energy production of a windmill, and an unfortunate location in a lowland significantly reduces the power of a windmill even at normal average wind speed for the area. However, the influence of some negative factors can be reduced by making, for example, a higher mast.

In this case, the most difficult thing is to find a customer, says Arkady Magid (April LLC). - The sales market for such equipment is in places where there are no power lines, where it is difficult to deliver fuel. That is, the North, the Subpolar Urals, the Arctic, Kamchatka, Chukotka... But there is no special money there, and the cost of wind turbines is hefty.

That is why, according to Magid, the production and sale of wind turbines can hardly be considered a serious business: it either exists or does not exist, at least today.

But when electricity begins to be supplied to consumers in our country at least at cost, the demand for wind turbines will increase noticeably, and business will begin to develop rapidly. After all, a windmill is much more profitable compared to, for example, a diesel generator! - Valery Vasiliev is sure.

Formats
The main business areas in this segment are well known. You can engage exclusively in the supply of someone else's equipment. “When we started, we thought that we would only sell and not produce... From the “parent” company (the large construction company Sapsan) we got a plot of land and eight American wind turbines, which are still standing. There was an idea to organize an exhibition and sale, where we would exhibit the products of other companies and quietly sell them, without rent, working only for commissions from each transaction,” recalls Valery Vasiliev.

What prompted you to set up production?

We started searching for manufacturing companies, sent letters with proposals, but received almost no responses, and not so many companies themselves were found. Most of them operate under large state-owned enterprises, and they sometimes sell products even below cost. At one time, we exhibited products from a regional company, but the quality... The wind wheel fell three times in a year! We had to abandon these products, and then we decided: it would be better to produce windmills ourselves.

So, the second option is production and further sale. And everything would be fine, only problems may arise with obtaining the necessary components.

“We are experiencing serious difficulties in relations with suppliers,” confirms Valery Vasiliev. - They want what they want: they will be ordered one screw, which costs three kopecks, but in the amount of millions of pieces, they stamp it. Such orders are a joy for the plant due to the large volume. And the parts we need are piece production. Then they see our site, are imbued with confidence that there is a lot of money circulating here, and that they can “pinch” us... The result is insane prices.

The third way to make money on wind turbines is to install and install them. But even here we should immediately make a reservation. The complete installation of a wind turbine falls under the category of construction and installation work, which will require construction licenses and a lot of approvals, including geological exploration of the soil at the installation site. If the company provides such a service, the process of installing a wind turbine may take a couple of years.

Participants in this market find a way out by providing only a service called “supervision.” Its essence is that the client assembles the ground part independently according to the drawings provided by the company, and the mast is raised by specialists from the service company. Licenses do not apply to this activity.

In Russia, the wind business remains clearly not widespread, and its profitability in the current conditions is in question. On the other hand, changes in the national market of energy resources are just around the corner, including possible ones in connection with Russia's accession to the WTO. If so, the prospects for alternative wind energy should not be discounted.

How much does the wind blow
The very first wind generator was created in Denmark in 1890. Later, this area of ​​energy began to develop throughout the world. It did not bypass Russia either. In 1933, a wind turbine with a power of 100 kW and a blade diameter of 30 meters was installed in Crimea (which by today’s standards is not so much).
The undisputed leader in the field of wind energy is Denmark, where more than 2,000 megawatts of wind energy are produced per year. In total for globe wind creates, according to the World Meteorological Organization, more than 1.7 trillion kilowatts of energy per year.

Windmills differ significantly in their power. The smallest ones produce 0.5 kW, there are models that produce from 1 to 5 kW or more. To provide energy to a living space in an area with low wind speeds, a five-kilowatt wind turbine is the limit. Where the wind blows constantly, wind turbines with a power of 10 kW work best. Well, for industrial and production purposes much more powerful generators are needed, from 50 kW and above.

As for prices, the gap between Russian and Western wind turbines is obvious. A 5 kW wind turbine manufactured in Russia costs 12.5 thousand euros. Foreign, taking into account delivery and customs clearance, is already more than 40–60 thousand euros. But, alas, still Russian market wind turbine industry is poorly developed and represented by a very modest number of participants.