Professional traits of a social worker. Coursework: Professional requirements for a social worker

C social work specialist

Type and class of profession

The profession of a social worker belongs to the “Human-Human” type; it is focused on communication and interaction with people. This requires the ability to establish and maintain business contacts, understand people and understand human relationships, be active, sociable and cooperative, have developed speech abilities and verbal thinking, and have emotional stability.
Additional type of profession: “Man-Nature”, since it is associated with the care and care of living people, with the prevention and treatment of diseases. This requires a high level of development of observation, attentiveness, physical endurance, inclination and interest in working with people who need help and care.
The profession of a social worker belongs to the performing class; it is associated with the execution of decisions, work according to a given model, compliance with existing rules and regulations, and following instructions. It requires organization, diligence, and the ability to do specific things.

Presentation of the profession

A social worker is a merciful, kind profession that officially appeared in Russia only 20 years ago. The country's transition to a market economy was most difficult for vulnerable segments of the population to cope with: lonely frail old people, single mothers and fathers, disabled people, seriously ill people and children deprived of parental care. Representatives of a new profession - social workers - came to their aid.
Of course, they had historical predecessors (trustees, nurses, patronage nurses, Timurovites, etc.). Since ancient times, in Rus' it has been customary to take care of the poor and infirm. Usually, lonely old people, disabled people, and street children were cared for in monasteries, where all those who suffered could count on shelter, care, and food. Respectful, caring attitude towards the elderly is an important criterion for the level of development of human society.
A social worker is a qualified specialist who works in public sphere, has to do with people's lives and their relationships in society. This is a doctor, priest, psychologist rolled into one. Many of the elderly today are lonely, helpless and poor. Providing them with emotional support is the most important thing. They not only need medical care, in medications, but sometimes in basic care and solving everyday issues. It is difficult to find a more noble profession; people work in it out of vocation; random people do not stay here. In Western countries, the profession of a social worker is one of the three most respected in society, along with the professions of a doctor and lawyer. The main duty of a social welfare officer is to help those who are unable to take care of themselves.
There are different specialties in this profession: social work, organization of sign language communication, organization of work with youth.
Advantages of the profession: accessibility to obtaining a profession; the opportunity to do good deeds every day; high social significance.
Limitations of the profession: low wages; not suitable for people who are squeamish, have no patience and do not know how to sympathize.

The activities of a social worker include providing material and everyday assistance and moral and legal support to disabled people, single elderly people, mothers of many children, orphans, people suffering from serious illnesses, alcoholics and drug addicts, poor citizens who are in a state of depression due to environmental disasters, interethnic conflicts and wars, loss of loved ones.
A social worker most often serves persons assigned to him or her who need help, from 8 to 16 people. He visits his wards at their place of residence, provides them with moral support, provides each person with food and medicine at his request according to a pre-compiled and agreed list, pays for utilities, receives pensions and benefits accrued in the name of the ward. The social worker provides help around the house: cleaning and redecorating the apartment, preparing food if necessary, feeding the ward. In case of illness of the ward, he provides emergency pre-hospital medical care. Calls a doctor to your home and accompanies you to an appointment at the clinic. In case of hospitalization, the ward visits him in the hospital. At the request of the ward, writes letters, makes phone calls to relatives, and also solves other issues faced by lonely, elderly and sick people

Requirements for the knowledge and skills of a specialist

To successfully master the profession of a social worker, a general awareness of social, humanitarian and moral issues is necessary; basic knowledge of history, the Russian language, and social studies is useful.
A qualified social worker must know:

• basics of ethics, psychology;
• basics of medicine;
• basics of economics;
• legal norms.

A qualified social worker must be able to:

• establish emotional contact with wards;
• show concern and provide them with moral support;
• perform household chores around the house (shopping, cooking, washing);
• if necessary, provide pre-medical care.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

To be successful as a social worker, you must have the following professionally important qualities:

• practical logical thinking of a subject-specific nature;
• optimism;
• decency;
• punctuality;
• compassion;
• a strong sense of responsibility;
• expressed inclination to work in the service sector;
• penchant for service work;
• lexical abilities;
• activity and physical mobility;
• high emotional stability.

Working conditions

A social worker has an active, mobile job, numerous contacts, visits to clients at home and to various authorities and shops.
The main means of labor of a social worker: hand tools, “golden hands” and “kind heart”.
A social worker fulfills clear, clearly defined goals and solves standard, typical tasks.
A social worker performs tasks assigned by others, according to given standards, rules, and algorithms.
From special conditions labor, it should be noted the moral responsibility for the wards and the high psycho-emotional load during intensive contact with representatives of disadvantaged sections of society.

Basic education

Basic knowledge of the profession of social worker can be obtained in institutions of higher professional education.

Paths to obtaining a profession

People enter the profession of social work with expressed altruism, skillful hands and a leading interest in providing help and support to those who need it most. You can start your activity in this profession with an ordinary position in a social protection center, then get a specialized education.
You can increase the level of your knowledge at seminars and advanced training courses.

Areas of application of the profession

Social workers have ample employment opportunities; their services are in demand in many organizations:

• in federal and municipal authorities;
• in social protection authorities (centres social services;
• in employment centers, social assistance to families and children;
• in government institutions in the system of internal affairs and justice bodies;
• V educational institutions;
• in rehabilitation centers of various profiles;
• in public and private insurance and pension organizations and funds;
• in organizations and institutions for youth affairs;
• in education and career guidance centers;
• in children's art houses;
• in church parishes.

Career prospects

Specialization and development of related areas.
Over time, you can improve your qualifications, master new specialties within the profession or related professions: nurse, boarding school teacher, teacher. If selected this direction For career development, it is recommended to master the skills of influencing, teaching, and additionally become familiar with the content of such professions as: teacher, industrial training master, psychologist.
Managerial career development.
A social worker with a higher basic education and a desire to develop as a manager and administrator can eventually become a leader and head the social service department in the social assistance system. If you choose the administrative direction of career development, it is recommended to develop management skills and additionally master such professions as manager.

Entrepreneurial Development

Over time, it is possible to open a non-state charitable foundation and attract funds from private investors. In this case, it is recommended to additionally master the profession of an entrepreneur.

Social work as a profession
2. Personal qualities of a social worker
3. Characteristics of the definition of “incitement to action”

4.1 Speech communication

Conclusion
List of used literature
Introduction
“Social work” is an expression accepted throughout the world, denoting the manifestation of a humane attitude of man to man.
It arose in biblical times as charity, a person’s religious duty, as a system of humanitarian services to those in need.
Social work is also systematic activities aimed at facilitating a person’s unsuccessful adaptation to society.
It differs from philanthropy, charity and similar activities in its focus not only on helping to solve everyday problems, but also on developing coping techniques and self-help skills for those in need.
However, it was only in the twentieth century that social work was recognized throughout the world as a profession requiring specialized training.
Modern specialist social work is a professional who is well versed in issues of social relations, in the legal guarantees of citizens, who subtly grasps the moral and psychological problems of people’s lives and is able to competently provide them with assistance appropriate to the situation.
In addition to theoretical knowledge, social work also requires deep technological training, expressed in the presence of skills in the field of socio-psychological and situational analysis, socially organized diagnostics of the living conditions of various population groups, conducting specific sociological research, forecasting and identifying trends in the development of social processes, optimal selection of tools that regulate their occurrence.
Important criteria for the professionalism of a social worker are organizational skills, high general and legal culture, and psychological and pedagogical tact. Social technologies have a serious impact on the nature of social relations in society and their harmonization.
The objects of this work are a modern social work specialist and his client
Subject - motivational activity and skill of a social work specialist.
The goal is to deepen knowledge about the methods of activity of social work specialists.
Tasks - summarize scientific knowledge about methods and techniques of social work.
1. Social work as a profession
Profession is a type of activity or occupation of a person who has a complex of special knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of in-depth general and special training and work experience. The logic of the development of the profession is that initially they arise from the specific needs of people.
Then there is an accumulation of practical experience and its deep understanding. A theoretical basis is being formed professional activity. The problem of personnel training is being solved. The practical activity of a specialist is given a scientific justification, which is externally expressed in the appearance of professional journals, monographs, educational literature, and professional organizations are created.
The profession of a social worker, having various forms and names, is known in different historical eras and different cultures.
In Russia, social work appeared during the Zemstvo reform of 1864, although it was not called that.
The functions of a social worker were performed by zemstvo commissioners for the care of blind, poor, neglected children, homeless and homeless elderly people.
The success of this activity, like any other, depended on the knowledge, life experience and professional skills of these people. In the 20th century in the USSR, the functions of social workers were performed by representatives of the Communist Party and trade unions, as well as employees of various departments of the social sphere.
Training in social work as a profession in Russia began in the late 80s. XX century. At the same time, a new integrative profession “social work” appeared with many specializations depending on departmental subordination. The professions “social worker” and “social work specialist” were officially registered in Russian state documents in March-April 1991 and were created to solve social problems of individuals and society.
Today, the profession of “social work” is represented by a range of specializations: social pedagogue-psychologist, ethnologist, social lawyer, ecologist, valeologist, social animator, gerontologist; social workers of a narrower specialization (working with refugees, disabled people, with risk groups, medical social worker, etc.), or in certain institutions (social worker in school, at work), in specific areas of the microenvironment (social worker in the community, at village, social worker in a military environment, social work in extreme situations, organization of social work).
The modern approach to the professional and ethical qualities of a social worker is enshrined in the qualification characteristics “Social work specialist” (1991).
Professional standards and requirements for a social worker are based on a code of ethics and professional skills, which serves as a guide in the daily behavior of social workers, are based on fundamental human values ​​and take into account the dignity and uniqueness of each individual, her rights and opportunities.
In accordance with the code, a social worker is considered as a social service worker who is aware of his moral responsibility to the client and society, who has voluntarily accepted responsibility for helping people and improving the quality of people’s lives.
2. Personal qualities of a social worker
Not every person is suitable for social work. The determining factor here is the candidate’s value system, which ultimately determines his professional activity and the effectiveness of his practical activities. Anyone who begins to master this profession will very soon realize the enormous impact on it of such factors as political forces, economic conditions, demographic trends and technological progress.
That is why social work has been and remains one of the most difficult. It is not always adequately perceived by public opinion and is not always well paid, but it is one of the most spiritual and noble types of human activity. The style of behavior of a social worker, determined by the totality of personal qualities, his value orientations and interests, has a decisive impact on the system that he forms. Some skillfully communicate with overly talkative clients, while others successfully find a common language with closed and silent ones. Some can withstand an aggressive, hostile attitude towards themselves, others cannot. Some are responsive to children, while others, on the contrary, are more sensitive to older people. Therefore, the role of a social worker’s personal qualities is undoubtedly great in his professional activities. Among them we can highlight such as the humanistic orientation of the individual, personal and social responsibility, a heightened sense of goodness and justice, self-esteem, respect for the dignity of another person, tolerance, politeness, decency, empathy, willingness to understand others and come to their aid, emotional stability, personal adequacy in terms of self-esteem, level of aspirations and social adaptability.
The personal qualities of a social worker can be divided into two groups. The first group includes the psychophysiological qualities of the individual, on which the characteristics of this type of activity depend. The second includes psychological qualities that characterize the social worker as a person. The third group includes psychological and pedagogical qualities, on which the effect of personal smell depends. When working with people, you need composure and attentiveness, and the ability to understand the client. Equally important are volitional qualities such as patience, self-control, etc. Without these mental characteristics that are key to a given profession, effective work is also impossible.
Determining the personal qualities of a social worker involves relying on a theoretical basis for the process of professional self-determination. In foreign psychological literature, there are many theoretical “constructions” aimed at ensuring that the subject chooses the right profession. Among them is the theory of T. Parsons, who believes that this requires: a clear understanding of “yourself,” your abilities, interests, aspirations, capabilities; knowledge of the requirements and conditions for achieving success; adequate correlation of the first two factors. Social protection of families and children (foreign experience). M., 1992. However, this understanding of choice has a number of disadvantages. First of all, it is understood as a one-time act, which presupposes a simplified idea of ​​a person, separating him from the specific labor process. The work of a social worker is a zone of trust between people, a path to their mutual understanding and learning. He must have the skills to influence not only the client himself, but also his environment, group communication, and the situation in society.
This is especially important now, when traditional types of connections are disintegrating, when, in the conditions of the formation of pre-civilized market relations, a change in the spiritual and moral sphere is taking place and, due to the impotence of state power structures, the individual and family find themselves in a socially extreme situation. The rapid change of ideological attitudes - from state patronage in the field of healthcare, education, housing and other problems to the ideology of self-survival - led to an increase in the number of people who, for objective reasons, found themselves uncompetitive in the struggle for essential things.
The social worker must involve the client in solving his problems as much as possible. The social worker must work with the client, not for or instead of him. There is little benefit in making a complex diagnosis of a client's situation if the client does not understand or accept it. It is possible to effectively change the situation when those who need to change themselves clearly understand this need, and they have the desire and opportunity to act. A social worker plays a variety of roles. He can view himself as both a collaborator and a helper. The social worker should act in the interests of clients who are unwilling or unable to participate in the change process, but should always strive to encourage their involvement in the process as much as possible. The social worker must help the client acquire self-management skills in emerging problem situations. The process of helping people is to help them learn to help themselves in the present and future. The qualitative changes that clients achieve with the help of a professional worker, unfortunately, tend to fade after some time, because people are not mentally and physically prepared to support them for a long time.
The main conclusion of this principle is: do for the client what he can do for himself. Encourage the client to take action. The question immediately arises - how to motivate the client to action. There is a need for a more detailed consideration of the definition of “incentive”. The author devotes the next chapter to this.
3. Characteristics of the definition of “incitement to action”
The term “motivation” is used quite widely in psychology, but mainly as a synonym for the concept of “motive”.
An attempt to justify the identification of motivation as an independent psychological formation was made by V.I. Selivanov Values ​​and ethics. Encyclopedia of Social Work. T.3. - M., 1994, but, unfortunately, this point of view did not receive direct support in psychology, although, apparently, it played a role in distinguishing the grounds for choosing actions and the specific motivating principle that is created “... in the process complex analytical and synthetic activity of the brain based on connections between internal and external signaling...” Ibid p. 38.
This process of creating a motive as a specific incentive to action was pointed out by S.L. Rubinstein, who wrote that “a motive, as a conscious impulse for a certain action, is actually formed as a person takes into account, evaluates, weighs the circumstances in which he finds himself, and realizes the goal that confronts him: from the attitude towards them is born motive in its specific content necessary for real life action” Ibid. p. 52.
D.N. also adhered to this view of motivation. Uznadze, who believed that “...the meaning of motivation lies precisely in this: exactly such an action is sought and found that corresponds to the basic, fixed in life attitude of the individual.” The formation of motivation consists in building individual moments of motivation: readiness for activity, its direction, choosing means and methods of action, choosing the place and time of action, creating confidence in the success and correctness of the action, etc.
Therefore, the process of motivation includes such formations as needs, motives, emotions, worldview, personal characteristics and ideas of the individual about himself, his abilities, forecast of changes in the environment and the consequences of actions, expected assessments of other people, internal and external capabilities, means of activity, etc. d.
What motivates a person to act in one way or another, set goals and achieve them? These reasons are human needs.
Need is the main motivation for action, which is recognized and experienced by a person as a need for something, a lack of something, dissatisfaction with something.
A feeling of physiological or psychological need for something. Human actions are aimed at satisfying needs. What methods can a social worker use to encourage a client to take action?
A social worker must be an experienced psychologist and teacher; both of these qualities must be inseparable, since the core idea of ​​all the constituent professions of a social worker is the ability and desire to help people, to find forms of communication.
4. Communicative features of the activities of a social worker
One of main features The activity of a social worker is client activity. It is expressed in the fact that a professional social worker constantly communicates with clients.
His field of activity is professional communication. Therefore, along with purely professional knowledge and skills, the ability to conduct business communication is one of the most important signs of the professional suitability of a social worker.
4.1 Speech communication
Speech communication between people has many faces. It can be viewed from different angles.
Communication usually serves specific purposes. It can distinguish between strategy and tactics for achieving a goal.
Communication is, most often, the resolution of conflict situations, their prevention and diagnosis of various forms of communication tensions, including taking into account conflict-generating factors, barriers to communication, perception, speech and prejudice, errors that destroy the communication process.
Interpersonal communication is the exchange of information, emotions, personal interaction, psychological contact.
4.2 Communicative professional profile of a social worker
The most important feature of a social worker’s work is the ability to conduct a dialogue, organize the communication process, and manage it. The ability to conduct dialogue requires a range of professional skills and knowledge.
A professional must be able to listen and understand, ask correctly and accurately answer in a businesslike manner, convince and convince, create an atmosphere of trust and ease, find a subtle psychological approach to the client, resolve conflict and relieve tension.
The basis of all this is the communicative technique of communication. Possession of it is the most important sign of the professional suitability of specialists of any profile whose activities are related to communication.
According to this, we can identify a number of characteristics that make up the communicative portrait of a social worker, who can be called a humanitarian of practical action.
We will call these characteristics a communicative professiogram, which, in essence, is a system of qualification requirements that apply to a specialist in the field of social work.
A specialist in this field should:
* know speech etiquette and be able to use it;
* organize the required type of communication and manage it;
* analyze the subject of communication, its goals and objectives;
* pose questions correctly and answer them accurately;
* be able to conduct a conversation, interview, business conversation, argument, polemic, discussion, debate, debate, disputation, round table, business meeting, team business game, negotiations, bidding,
* be able to analyze conflicts, crisis situations, confrontations and resolve them;
* have the skill to prove and justify, criticize and refute, argue and convince, reach agreements and compromises;
* master speech technique, be able to use rhetorical figures and techniques;
* be able to construct speech correctly and others public performance;
* know office etiquette and be able to use it;
* be able to use words to carry out psychotherapy in communication; relieve stress, tension; adapt the client to the appropriate conditions, adjust his behavior and assessments. Without mastering the above knowledge and skills, business communication, that is, such communication when a matter can be resolved with the help of a word, is impossible.
To motivate a client to action, it is necessary to know not only all of the above postulates, but also to apply practical psychology in their activities.
Conclusion
This work summarized knowledge about social work as a profession, examined the professional skills and abilities of social workers to encourage clients to act. Having examined social work in these aspects, we can say that the success of this activity, like any other, depends on the knowledge, life experience and professional skills of social workers. The formation of professionalism always begins with the professional training and education of specialists, the gradual formation of a system of practical skills of the social work system and professional skills. Without professional skills, it is impossible to organize individual social services in order to resolve the client’s difficult life situation and ensure socio-psychological harmony of his functioning.
The level, depth and quality of training determine the professionalism of an employee in any field of activity. The work of a social worker is no exception.
Mastering technology in any field of activity and its consistent application in practice is the most important requirement for a professional, therefore the training program for specialists with higher professional education in the field of social work includes social work technology as one of the main academic disciplines. Deep penetration and assimilation of the essence, content and specifics of technological processes is the basis for the professionalism of personnel in the social sphere of activity and specialists in social services.
Russia has yet to fundamentally develop standards and norms of professional and ethical behavior for social work specialists.
Bibliography
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4. Professional profile of a social worker
P

A professional profession is a set of requirements imposed by a profession on the personality, abilities, skills and capabilities of a specialist. A professionogram determines the psychological structure of professional activity, its main components and the connections between them. The psychological structure of activity, in turn, is determined by the general nature of the activity, its content and the tasks facing the specialist. A social worker is aimed at solving a whole range of diverse tasks, such as:

· adaptation of clients to society, formation of their active life position in solving their problems;
· creating conditions for self-affirmation of representatives of vulnerable social groups;
· diagnosis of social and personal problems;
· social prevention;
· social assistance and social security for those in need;
· consulting;
· social rehabilitation and therapy;
· social supervision and guardianship;
· social design;
· mediation between clients and various organizations;
· innovation activity in the field of social work, etc. 1

The social worker takes care of creating conditions for the manifestation of clients’ abilities, increasing the degree of their self-control and self-organization. The implementation of social work is carried out at the direct and indirect level. The direct level is the level of personal contact between a specialist and a client. The indirect level is associated with solving general social problems within society.
Among the variety of professional functions that determine the success of a social worker, the following functions can be distinguished: communicative, psychological, organizational and pedagogical.
The communicative function determines all processes professional communication. The social worker is responsible for establishing contact with the client, choosing the optimal interaction strategy, providing timely information and developing the general meaning of the information. He himself models and manages communication. The implementation of the communicative function presupposes the ability of a person to communicate with various people in victimogenic circumstances. At the same time, a social worker can deal with the client’s problems in leisure activities, including various ways structuring time such as entertainment and rituals. Therefore, the range of professional communication skills is quite wide. One of the most difficult problems that a social worker must solve when communicating with a client is the duality of his communicative position. On the one hand, he controls communication and, in a certain sense, occupies a dominant position; on the other hand, he himself is aimed at dialogical, subject-subject relationships. This contradiction in communicative activity is key. His decision depends on the professionalism and personal qualities of the social worker.
The pedagogical function is associated with the educational and training aspect of the activity of a specialist, who often acts as a consultant or expert. It teaches users the social skills of appropriate behavior in certain life situations, provides legal education to its clients, introduces them to various regulations aimed at providing assistance, etc. Many clients perceive social workers not only as representatives of certain services, but also as assistants, mentors, advisers, capable of finding and suggesting the right solution in a difficult social situation.
The organizational function is associated with the creation and management of social services in various institutions and locally (in regions, localities). A social worker identifies people’s interests and promotes the organization of leisure activities, involving various institutions (state and public) and their representatives in cooperation. This activity is aimed at preventing and overcoming social problems. In addition, the social worker provides direct and indirect support to representatives of marginalized sections of the population. Indirect support is due to the development and implementation of various social projects that affect the improvement of people’s quality of life.
The psychological function is realized in the diagnostic, prognostic, and psychotherapeutic activities of a social worker who seeks to actualize a person’s creative powers in the fight against deforming social conditions of life. The diagnostic foundations of social work are associated with identifying the origins, prerequisites for the emergence and formation of various personal deformations and modes of behavior leading to social maladjustment. At the prognostic level, conditions are identified that contribute to the formation of successfully functioning, productive members of society, overcoming socio-psychological difficulties. The psychotherapeutic level involves solving the problem: how can the efforts of a social worker help overcome the negative influences of the environment and previous social experiences of clients? In this case, the most important thing is to encourage the client’s own social activity.
Modern psychological science connects a person’s active position in relation to the outside world with the development of such an integral characteristic of a person as internality. Internality represents a person’s ability and ability to take responsibility for what happens to him and control various aspects of his own life. In situations that are significant for themselves, people in one case localize control on their own activities, and in another on external circumstances. In this regard, two opposing personality types are distinguished: with an internal and external locus of control. Internals show greater independence, weakly succumb to pressure from others, are able to act productively in conditions of loneliness, and are more active in searching for the necessary information to get out of a difficult social situation. Externals exhibit opposite characteristics. When interacting with other people, externals choose passive social roles, trying to adapt to the behavior of more socially active subjects. Most people who need social assistance are external.
Overcoming the difficulties of social life and successful social adaptation is possible only on the basis of a person’s internal position. The transition from an external to an internal position is ensured through the formation of volitional regulation of behavior. Volitional regulation is understood as the intentional regulation of the impulse to action, consciously adopted out of necessity (external or internal) and carried out by a person according to his own decision (V.A. Ivannikov). All volitional actions are carried out on the basis of awareness and intentionality based on their necessity (socially given or accepted for one’s own reasons). Such actions are realized through an additionally created incentive for them. As a leading mechanism of volitional regulation, one can use a change in the meaning of a person’s activity and behavior in a difficult or extreme situation, when maximum mobilization of forces is required to overcome difficulties. Meaning is recognized and experienced usually as the meaning of something for the individual, an emotionally experienced attitude towards something, more or less clearly recognized. If you change or create an additional meaning of an action, when it is performed not only for the sake of the motive for which the action was taken for implementation, but also for the sake of a person’s personal values ​​or other motives involved in a given action, then the formation of incentives for volitional action will be carried out.
How can a social worker influence changing the meaning of a situation for a person in order to awaken his internality?
Firstly, through a reassessment of the significance of the motive or object of need. This can be done with the help of the assessments and opinions of other people, through various external symbols reminding of the consequences of chosen actions, through comparison of attractive and negative aspects the object of need and the deliberate decrease in the attractiveness of one side while increasing the attractiveness of the other side.
Secondly, through changing the role and position of a person. For example, involving those in need themselves in social work can have a positive effect on the formation of internal characteristics of the individual.
Thirdly, through anticipating and experiencing the consequences of an action or refusal to carry it out. An individual can imagine the consequences of his action, and these ideas influence the meaning of the action in a certain way.
Fourthly, changing the meaning of a given action can be achieved by combining two meanings in one action, one of which is given by a life or extreme situation, and the other is created through the connection of the action with a new real motive, updated from the outside. A new action in the form of an old one can be set by another person. For example, within the framework of an old action, a new goal is set that corresponds to a new motive. Additional meaning of a given action is also created through setting more specific goals when performing a certain amount of activity or
etc.................

3. Professional portrait of the head of a social institution

4. Professional selection for social work

Professionally significant personal qualities of a social worker

Social work, which has existed abroad for decades, was classified as a profession in the register of the Russian Employment Service only in 1991, so today Russian system social management for the first time he encounters those aspects of the development of the profession that manifested themselves in Western countries and were subject to scientific reflection there for a long time.

On at this stage development there is a question of professionalism in social work, which in turn is expressed by a huge deficit of relevant knowledge among practical workers.

The specification of the activities of social work specialists follows from their main functions:

• diagnostic - consists in the fact that a social worker studies the characteristics of a family, a group of people, individuals, the degree and direction of influence of the microenvironment on them and makes a “social diagnosis”;
• prognostic – predicts the development of events, processes occurring in a family, group of people, society and develops certain models of social behavior;
• human rights – uses laws and legal acts aimed at providing assistance and support to the population, its protection;
• organizational – promotes the organization of social services at enterprises and at places of residence, attracts the public to their work and directs their activities to provide various types of assistance and social services to the population;
• preventive and preventive – puts into action various mechanisms (legal, psychological, medical, pedagogical, etc.) to prevent and overcome negative phenomena, organizes the provision of assistance to those in need;
• social and medical – organizes work on health prevention, promotes mastery of the basics of first aid, helps prepare young people for family life, develops occupational therapy, etc.;
• socio-pedagogical – identifies the interests and needs of people in different types activities: cultural and leisure, sports and recreational, artistic creativity and attracts various institutions, societies, creative unions, etc. to work with them;
• psychological – provides various types of counseling and correction of interpersonal relationships, promotes social adaptation of the individual, provides assistance in social rehabilitation to all those in need;
• social and domestic - helps in providing the necessary assistance and support to various categories of the population (disabled people, elderly people, young families, etc.) in improving their life and living conditions;
• communicative – establishes contact with those in need, organizes the exchange of information, and develops a unified strategy for interaction, perception and understanding of another person.

The specificity of the functions of a social worker involves an organic combination of personal and professional qualities, which is reflected in the ethical and professional code.

Thus, the mandatory qualities and skills of a social worker include:

• empathy;
• psychological competence;
• delicacy and tact;
• humanity and humanity, mercy;
• organizational and communication skills, extroversion;
• high spiritual culture and morality;
• social intelligence (i.e. the ability to adequately perceive and analyze social situations and other people);
• the ability to be interesting to others and informal when working with clients;
• focus on the interests, needs and protection of the client’s human dignity;
• learning to maintain the confidentiality of proprietary information and personal secrets of the client;
• desire for continuous improvement of professional knowledge;
• honesty, moral purity in professional affairs, adherence to ethics in relationships with people, etc.

A social worker operates in a value-oriented world, where every action, goal, motive, means to achieve a goal, or even intention can be assessed in terms of compliance with its moral standards, that is, the ideas of society or microsociety about good and evil. To perform the prescribed functions, social workers need not only appropriate professional education, but also personal readiness to comply with certain professional and ethical standards and principles.

Professional ethical norms and principles can be defined as the “professional”, “work ethic” of a social worker, which, in turn, is enshrined in the professional ethical code.

The professional code of ethics is the standard of professional behavior and activity of a social worker. An analysis of the requirements for a specialist in the professional code shows that they can be conditionally reduced to two groups of standards: the first group is the requirements for the quality, content and results of professional activity; The second group is the requirements for the personality of a professional.

As we have already said, professionalism in social work is based and formed on the basis of personal and professional qualities, value orientations and the interests of the social worker.

A social worker is an intermediary between a specific person who has certain social needs and a specific social organization that can satisfy these needs. Moreover, such mediation is specific: a social worker always guards the interests of the person in need. If we schematically describe the procedure for a social worker’s actions, we will find the following – the social worker must:

1) be able to identify the person in need;

2) win him over so that he entrusts the latter with the protection of his interests;

3) be active in finding ways to solve a specific social problem;

4) find the appropriate social authority;

5) be able to organize the participation of this social authority in this problem;

6) bring both sides together to resolve the issue;

7) control the quality of resolution of the issue, taking into account the interests of the client.

What qualities must a person have to perform all these actions? As already mentioned, he must be well versed in the social sphere, both at the formal, official level and at the informal, psychological level. That is, have knowledge in sociology and psychology, lead an active lifestyle, be sufficiently sociable, be able to persuade and agitate. He must sincerely and honestly want to help people, be able to be restrained and patient with those in need, believe in his ability to resolve the situation, and be able to get out of the conflict in a dignified manner.

Researchers identify the following groups of professionally important qualities of a social worker.

1. High level of education and culture, competence in a wide range of socially significant problems. Knowledge in the field of pedagogy, psychology, law, sociology, etc. is required. In general, the listed qualities are components of professional awareness.

2. Kindness, love for people, a desire to help, sensitivity, a sense of compassion and mercy, sympathy for others and altruism. All of the listed qualities can be generally characterized as a friendly attitude towards people, their problems and situations.

3. High sociability, sociability, social courage. The ability to manage people, influence their position and beliefs. The ability to inspire confidence and support in difficult times - all these qualities can be described as organizational and communication skills.

4. Unselfishness, honesty, decency, responsibility, high morality. These qualities characterize the high moral and ethical level of a social worker.

5. Efficiency, energy, initiative, perseverance in achieving goals and willingness to experience psychological discomfort - all these qualities are inherent in people who can withstand significant neuropsychic stress.

Recently, the term “professiogram” has become widespread to describe a particular professional activity.

One of the most effective directions in solving these problems, in our opinion, is the improvement of all levels of professional training and, first of all, higher education. And within the framework of this direction - Among the theoretical developments concerning the professionogram of a social work specialist, one can name the works of such researchers as Zimnyaya I.A., Kholostova E.I., Pavlenok P.D., Firsov, etc.

Kholostova E.I. and Pavlenok P.D. focus on job responsibilities, implementation professional functions, ethical standards, as well as personal qualities of a specialist. Firsov in his works is limited to the communicative characteristics of labor. Zimnyaya I.A. believes that when constructing a professiogram, it is necessary to take into account three main requirements: professional competence, humanistic orientation and interpersonal relationships.

A professionogram is a descriptive and technological characteristic of various types of professional activities, made according to a certain scheme and to solve certain problems. This is a document that defines the functional content of professional activity, the system of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure its effectiveness and provide the rationale for the disciplines that form the relevant qualities of a specialist.

The structure of the professionogram includes a psychogram.

Psychogram – identification and description of the human qualities necessary for the successful implementation of a given task labor activity. These qualities are called professionally important qualities.

Professionogram – detailed description any profession through a system of requirements placed on a person, including socio-economic, production and technical, sanitary and hygienic, psychological, special professional characteristics, i.e. in our opinion. Obviously, this is not just a separate group of criteria, but on the contrary: a versatile, multifaceted, multifunctional characteristic of a professional standard of activity.

The professional profile of a social worker is determined by the specifics of his profession and his professional responsibilities.

A social worker can influence his clients and solve professional problems only if he has knowledge and experience, certain powers (position) and reputation (an opinion about a person’s strengths and weaknesses), charismatic data (exceptional data, talent) and personal attractiveness.

Particularly important are the personal qualities of a social worker, such as his intellectual, general cultural and moral potential. The presence (formation and consolidation) of such qualities allows a social worker to more effectively carry out his professional activities. In particular, this gives him the opportunity to:

– be informed about different population groups and their characteristics;

- foresee the consequences of your actions;

– to be professionally tactful (to evoke sympathy among clients, their trust, to maintain professional secrecy, to show delicacy in intimate matters of the client’s life);

– have emotional stability in the face of all collisions, failures, and work difficulties;

– conscientiously fulfill your duty, showing calm, goodwill and attentiveness to clients.

All this really requires truly extraordinary personal qualities. In the specialized literature, the following qualities necessary for a social worker are most often noted:

Humanistic orientation of the individual, personal and social responsibility, a heightened sense of goodness and justice, a sense of self-worth and respect for the dignity of another person, tolerance, politeness, empathy (empathy), willingness to understand others and come to their aid, emotional stability, personal adequacy in self-esteem .

The personal qualities of social workers can be divided into three groups.

To the first group personal qualities include the requirements imposed by professional activity on mental processes (perception), mental states (fatigue, apathy, stress, anxiety, depression), attention as a state of consciousness, emotional (restraint, indifference), and volitional (perseverance, consistency, impulsiveness) characteristics.

To the second group Personal qualities include self-control, self-criticism, self-evaluation of one’s actions, as well as stress-resistant qualities - physical fitness, self-hypnosis, the ability to switch and manage one’s emotions.

The honor and dignity of a social worker require, first of all, objectivity in assessing oneself - one’s qualities, abilities and capabilities. Great conceit, inflated self-esteem of a specialist, hypertrophied self-esteem, turning into complacency and narcissism, lack of self-criticism, are qualities that negatively affect both the prospects for personal growth and the quality of professional activity, since a specialist who considers the process of his development complete, brought to peaks, in fact, is incapable not only of improvement, but also of maintaining the already achieved level of development. This, in turn, leads to an objective decrease in the authority of the social worker and to the assessment of his activities as unworthy of a professional.

To the third group The personal qualities of a social worker include communication (the ability to quickly establish contact with people); empathy (capturing people’s moods, identifying their attitudes and expectations, empathizing with their needs); visuality (external attractiveness of a person); eloquence skills (the ability to inspire and convince words) and others.

In the very general view professiogram is defined as “descriptive and technological characteristics of various types of professional activities”, made according to a certain scheme and to solve certain problems.

An important concept in occupational psychology is psychogram, understood as the identification and description of human qualities necessary for the successful performance of a given work activity. These qualities are called professionally important qualities - PVK.

In modern professionography there is another important concept - system professiogram, considered as the very technology of psychological study of the subject of labor, in which the professionogram itself and the psychogram seem to be combined (based on the descriptive and technological characteristics of the profession, according to a certain scheme, they are distinguished professionally important qualities for this profession).

There are several classifications of professiograms according to various criteria.

Based on the goals and objectives for which certain descriptive systems of professions are intended, the following types of professionograms are distinguished:

1. Information professionograms (intended for use in career consulting and career guidance work to inform clients about those professions that have aroused their interest).

2. Approximate diagnostic occupational charts (serve to identify the causes of failures, accidents, low labor efficiency and are organized on the basis of comparison of actual work this person or a working group with the required - effective - patterns of organization of work activities).

3. Constructive professionograms (serve to improve the ergatic system, based on the design of new models of equipment, as well as the training and organization of work of the personnel themselves).

4. Methodological professiograms, which could also be called methodological, since they serve to select adequate methods for studying a given ergatic system, i.e. are aimed at reflection and subsequent organization of the work of the specialist himself, drawing up a professional description of a specific job. Since we are talking about reflection and organization of a psychologist’s own activities, then, in our opinion, it would be more appropriate to call such professionograms “methodological.”

5. Diagnostic professiograms, the purpose of which is to select methods for professional selection, placement and retraining of personnel (for example, organizing work according to the scheme of drawing up an analytical professionogram, where the profession is first studied at the normative-descriptive, technological and “bureaucratic” level, and then all this is translated into the language necessary for the successful work of PVC, for which appropriate psychodiagnostic techniques are selected).

The following classification is based on the main approaches to the content and structure of professional programs:

1. A comprehensive professional profile, which takes into account a wide range of characteristics (social, technical, economic, medical and hygienic, etc.), and also indicates the subject, goals, method, criteria for assessing results, etc.

2. Analytical professionogram, which reveals not individual characteristics of the components of the profession, but generalized normative indicators of the profession and indicators of the psychological structure of professional activity. At the same time, the following are specially analyzed: objective characteristics of work and psychological characteristics of work, which ultimately makes it possible to identify PVCs that correspond to these tasks.

3. Psychologically oriented professionogram, which highlights:

a) description of the external picture of work, work behavior: photograph of a working day, timing of working time when performing specific tasks, time dynamics of production activity, typical mistakes and etc.;

b) internal picture of work: typical personality reactions to certain professional situations, integral formations of the worker’s personality (abilities, learning structures and experience), mental states (intellectual and emotional processes, emotions, will, attention, memory, psychomotor skills).

4. “Modular approach” in professional development. The psychological module itself is “a typical element of professional activity, inherent in a number of professions and identified on the basis of the common requirements for a person.”

Module structure:

1) objective characteristics of a typical element (for example, for a worker - measuring objects without the help of tools and instruments - this is the first, left part of the module);

2) psychological characteristics of the requirements for a person imposed by this element (for example, for a worker - volumetric and linear eye measurement, accuracy is the other, right side of the module). Each profession consists of several modules. The number of possible modules is less than the number of all professions, therefore it is more expedient (and more economical) to study these modules and from them create a description of the professions themselves.

5. “Task-personal modular approach” to professional development. General scheme task-personal professionography involves analyzing the profession (based on identifying professional tasks). The “profession module” itself is understood in this case as “a set of units of the object and subject of labor activity.” The module thus includes “a combination of not just a separate normative labor action and a desired psychological quality, but a combination of a specific labor task and the associated subject, conditions, actions, results (the left side of the module) with a number of psychological qualities (the right side of the module )".

In this case, it is advisable to highlight:

a) priority, core, core professional tasks;

b) derivative, auxiliary problems.

In this regard, the main requirements for the professional program are highlighted:

A clear identification of the subject and the result of work (to which the main efforts of a person are directed);

Identification of non-individual components and aspects of labor. a description of holistic professional activity;

Demonstration of possible lines of human development in a given profession;

Showing possible prospects for changes in the profession itself;

The focus of the professional program is on solving practical problems(professiogram as the basis for professional selection, vocational training, labor rationalization, etc.);

Identification and description of various uncompensated professional psychological qualities (PPC), as well as those qualities that can be compensated (see Fig. 4.1).

It is advisable to draw up a professional profile according to the following plan:

I. General information about the profession:

1) the emergence of the profession, the changes that have occurred in its content;

2) related professions;

3) prospects for growth of qualifications;

4) demand for a profession in your city (district).

II. Characteristics of the labor process:

1) the most important technological operations;

2) tools;

3)workplace;

4) working posture, predominant movements during work;

5)products;

6) types of defects due to the fault of a specialist and the possibility of eliminating them;

7) the nature of the work (monotonic or varied, variable);

8) what and how fatigue manifests itself after work.

III. Sanitary and hygienic working conditions:

1) work schedule and work rhythm;

2) microclimatic conditions (noise, lighting, etc.);

3) basic requirements for the physical condition of the working body;

4) medical contraindications;

5) basic labor protection measures;

6) possible industrial injuries, occupational diseases.

IV. Psychological requirements of the profession for a person:

1) possible difficulties and tense situations;

2) the main qualities that a worker must have:

a) emotional-volitional;

b) business;

c) motor (motor);

d) attention;

e) thinking;

e) memory type;

g) moral qualities.

V. Information about professional training:

1) ways to obtain a profession and characteristics of educational institutions;

2) conditions of admission;

3) duration of training;

4) main disciplines studied;

5) graduate qualifications educational institution;

6) the employee’s salary;

7) prospects for professional growth or promotion;

8) duration of vacation.

Thus, a professiogram is a set of requirements imposed by a profession on the personality, abilities, skills and capabilities of a specialist. A professionogram determines the psychological structure of professional activity, its main components and the connections between them. The psychological structure of activity, in turn, is determined by the general nature of the activity, its content and the tasks facing the specialist.

A social worker is aimed at solving a whole range of diverse tasks, such as:

· adaptation of clients to society, formation of their active life position in solving their problems;

· creating conditions for self-affirmation of representatives of vulnerable social groups;

· diagnosis of social and personal problems;

· social prevention;

· social assistance and social security for those in need;

· consulting;

· social rehabilitation and therapy;

· social supervision and guardianship;

· social design;

· mediation between clients and various organizations;

· innovative activities in the field of social work, etc.

The social worker takes care of creating conditions for the manifestation of clients’ abilities, increasing the degree of their self-control and self-organization. The implementation of social work is carried out at the direct and indirect level. The direct level is the level of personal contact between a specialist and a client. The indirect level is associated with solving general social problems within society.

Among the variety of professional functions that determine the success of a social worker, the following functions can be distinguished: communicative, psychological, organizational and pedagogical.

Communication function determines all processes of professional communication. The social worker is responsible for establishing contact with the client, choosing the optimal interaction strategy, providing timely information and developing the general meaning of the information. He himself models and manages communication. The implementation of the communicative function presupposes the ability of a person to communicate with various people in victimogenic (extreme, traumatic) circumstances. At the same time, a social worker can deal with the client’s problems in the context of leisure activities, which include various ways of structuring time, such as entertainment and rituals. Therefore, the range of professional communication skills is quite wide. One of the most difficult problems that a social worker must solve when communicating with a client is the duality of his communicative position. On the one hand, he controls communication and, in a certain sense, occupies a dominant position; on the other hand, he himself is aimed at dialogical, subject-subject relationships. This contradiction in communicative activity is key. His decision depends on the professionalism and personal qualities of the social worker.

A social worker must have the skills business communication, the ability to resolve conflict situations, identify client problems and teach them how to solve them.

Pedagogical function I am associated with the educational and training aspect of the activity of a specialist, who often acts as a consultant or expert. It teaches users the social skills of appropriate behavior in certain life situations, provides legal education to its clients, introduces them to various regulations aimed at providing assistance, etc. Many clients perceive social workers not only as representatives of certain services, but also as assistants, mentors, advisers, capable of finding and suggesting the right solution in a difficult social situation.

A social worker must know the basic principles and technologies of pedagogy and be able to use them in real live communication.

Organizational function is associated with the creation and management of social services in various institutions and locally (in regions, localities). A social worker identifies people’s interests and promotes the organization of leisure activities, involving various institutions (state and public) and their representatives in cooperation. This activity is aimed at preventing and overcoming social problems. In addition, the social worker provides direct and indirect support to representatives of marginalized sections of the population. Indirect support is due to the development and implementation of various social projects that affect the improvement of people’s quality of life.

A social worker must have management skills, be able to plan his time, organize project activities clients, be able to organize leisure activities.

Psychological function is implemented in the diagnostic, prognostic, psychotherapeutic activities of a social worker who seeks to actualize a person’s creative powers in the fight against deforming social conditions of life. The diagnostic foundations of social work are associated with identifying the origins, prerequisites for the emergence and formation of various personal deformations and modes of behavior leading to social maladjustment. At the prognostic level, conditions are identified that contribute to the formation of successfully functioning, productive members of society, overcoming socio-psychological difficulties. The psychotherapeutic level involves solving the problem: how the efforts of a social worker can help overcome the negative influences of the environment and the clients’ previous social experience. In this case, the most important thing is to encourage the client’s own social activity.

A social worker must be proficient in diagnostic techniques for analyzing the client’s personality and, based on the diagnostic results, correct situations of client maladjustment.

Modern psychological science connects a person’s active position in relation to the outside world with the development of such an integral characteristic of a person as internality. Internality represents a person’s ability and ability to take responsibility for what happens to him and control various aspects of his own life. In situations that are significant for themselves, people in one case localize control on their own activities, and in another on external circumstances. In this regard, two opposing personality types are distinguished: with an internal and external locus of control. Internals show greater independence, weakly succumb to pressure from others, are able to act productively in conditions of loneliness, and are more active in searching for the necessary information to get out of a difficult social situation. Externals exhibit opposite characteristics. When interacting with other people, externals choose passive social roles, trying to adapt to the behavior of more socially active subjects. Most people who need social assistance are external.

Overcoming the difficulties of social life and successful social adaptation is possible only on the basis of a person’s internal position. The transition from an external to an internal position is ensured through the formation of volitional regulation of behavior. Volitional regulation is understood as the intentional regulation of the impulse to action, consciously adopted out of necessity (external or internal) and carried out by a person according to his own decision (V.A. Ivannikov). All volitional actions are carried out on the basis of awareness and intentionality based on their necessity (socially given or accepted for one’s own reasons). Such actions are realized through an additionally created incentive for them. As a leading mechanism of volitional regulation, one can use a change in the meaning of a person’s activity and behavior in a difficult or extreme situation, when maximum mobilization of forces is required to overcome difficulties. Meaning is recognized and experienced usually as the meaning of something for the individual, an emotionally experienced attitude towards something, more or less clearly recognized. If you change or create an additional meaning of an action, when it is performed not only for the sake of the motive for which the action was taken for implementation, but also for the sake of a person’s personal values ​​or other motives involved in a given action, then the formation of incentives for volitional action will be carried out.

How can a social worker influence changing the meaning of a situation for a person in order to awaken his internality?

Firstly, through a reassessment of the significance of the motive or subject of need. This can be done with the help of assessments and opinions of other people, through various external symbols that remind of the consequences of chosen actions, through comparison of the attractive and negative sides of the object of need and the deliberate reduction of the attractiveness of one side while increasing the attractiveness of the other side.

Secondly, through a change in the role and position of a person. For example, involving those in need themselves in social work can have a positive effect on the formation of internal characteristics of the individual.

Third, through anticipating and experiencing the consequences of an action or refusal to implement it. An individual can imagine the consequences of his action, and these ideas influence the meaning of the action in a certain way.

Fourth, changing the meaning of a given action can be achieved by combining two meanings in one action, one of which is given by a life or extreme situation, and the other is created through the connection of the action with a new real motive, updated from the outside. A new action in the form of an old one can be set by another person. For example, within the framework of an old action, a new goal is set that corresponds to a new motive. Additional meaning of a given action is also created through setting more specific goals when performing a certain amount of activity or when working in a certain amount of time.

The implementation of the psychological function of social work very often involves solving the client’s problems of meaning formation, however, the level of professionalism of a social worker may not always correspond to the solution of such a complex problem. The psychological function plays a special role in the professional activity of a social worker. It permeates all areas of his activity and largely determines the effectiveness of its results.

All functions of social work are interconnected and interdependent. Moreover, they are integrated with each other and their isolation is advisable only from the point of view of analysis and study of the characteristics of activity. In the actual practice of social work of a specialist, they form a single whole. Encouraging clients to be socially active, to overcome difficulties based on realizing their creative potential and achieving new goals, the social worker himself must strive for self-actualization in professional activities and beyond, since not a single professional problem can be solved at the level of already existing action algorithms and standard projects.

For social work specialists, the most important “required properties” are health (physical and mental), competence and professionalism.

The requirement for health is due to the fact that social work has been and remains one of the most difficult physically and psychologically. This is where the saddest sides are faced. human life– old age, disability, loneliness, orphanhood, weakness, defenselessness, illness, quirks, cruelty, etc.

Competence as the second required property is:

1) compliance of the level and content of knowledge and skills of a particular employee with the level and content of the job tasks and responsibilities performed by him, the rights granted;

2) the employee’s rights and responsibilities to perform the tasks assigned to him;

3) the employee’s ability to act practically, do a specific task and ensure the required results in the work.

Competence is ensured by basic education, self-education during practical activities, borrowing experience from colleagues, various forms of short-term study - courses, seminars, one-time programs, etc. One of the decisive factors in increasing competence is individual cognitive motivation - to know and be able to do better tomorrow than today .

Professionalism is knowledge and skills constantly maintained at a high level, ensuring high quality of work and results.

A social worker must be able to solve problems that correspond to his qualifications specified in the state educational standard, and taking into account the final certification of the graduate.

In accordance with the qualification requirements, a social work specialist must know:

The main stages and trends in the development of social work as social institution in Russia and abroad;

The essence, content, tools, methods and types of technologies of social work in various spheres of life and with various individuals and groups of the population;

Professional, ethical, organizational, managerial and economic foundations and problems of social work;

Fundamentals of psychology, types and technologies of psychosocial work;

Basics pedagogical theory and activities, basic forms and methods of social and pedagogical work in social institutions and services;

Fundamentals of social medicine;

Fundamentals of legal support for social work;

The specialist must study experience:

Practical work in organizations and services for social protection and public services in various spheres of life and with various individuals and groups of the population;

Organization and management in social institutions and services;

Receiving and processing information about the social work system;

Conducting analysis and monitoring of the condition and development of social work objects;

Participation in research and analytical work at the appropriate level;

Organization and implementation of psychosocial, socio-pedagogical and socio-medical work.

The specialist must possess:

The main methods of social work with individuals and various groups of the population;

The main methods of rational organization of labor, making management decisions in institutions and services of social work;

Methodology for coordinating direct contact social work, conducting consultation and preventive activities with social work objects;

Methods of conducting analytical, forecasting, expert and monitoring work;

The main methods of psychological and pedagogical activity;

Methods of educational work in social institutions and services;

Basic professional technologies in social work bodies and institutions.

Professional and ethical requirements

TO THE PROFESSIOGRAM OF A SOCIAL WORKER

ETHICAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Professional and ethical requirements for the professional certificate of a social worker

2. Solidarity as an integral characteristic of the personality-building qualities of a social worker

3. Humanity as an integral characteristic of the moral qualities of a social worker

Social work places increased demands on the personal qualities of a social worker. The professional activity of a social worker is multifaceted. There are the following areas of its activity:

1) a social worker studies the personal characteristics of his clients and the conditions in which they live. This allows for the so-called “social diagnosis”;

2) the social worker predicts the behavior of clients and events that may occur;

3) a social worker carries out activities of various types (psychological, legal, etc.) so that clients can avoid unwanted social, psychological, and other problems;

4) a social worker provides various types of counseling, promotes social adaptation and rehabilitation of clients;

5) a social worker, identifying the interests of clients in various types of activities, provides them with psychological, pedagogical and organizational assistance in realizing their interests;

6) a social worker facilitates the provision of financial assistance to various categories of clients;

7) a social worker participates in the organization of social protection services, involving various institutions and organizations.

In accordance with the areas of activity, the social worker is subject to special requirements from the profession. They find expression in the so-called professional profile of a social worker.

The professiogram of a social worker is understood as a set of psychological, sociocultural, moral qualities, professional knowledge and skills that characterize him as a specialist in his field.

E. Yarskaya-Smirnova includes the following requirements for a social worker:

Be professionally trained;

To be an erudite person in the field of culture, politics, economic and social development of society;

Be able to foresee the consequences of your actions, firmly implement the values ​​of your profession;

Have skills communicative communication, for example, be able to communicate correctly with difficult teenagers, disabled people, and the elderly;

Have professional tact, maintain professional secrecy, be sensitive in matters affecting the intimate aspects of the client’s life;

Be able to make decisions in difficult situations;

Possess emotional stability, be ready to fulfill professional duties in any conditions, without losing goodwill and self-control.

The above requirements for a social worker indicate the importance of his personal qualities in his professional activities. A personality has diverse psychological, socio-psychological, religious, aesthetic, moral and other spiritual qualities, and each of the listed groups of qualities can be considered as the basis for constructing a relatively independent typology of personality.

In this sense, we can talk about a moral type of personality and try to identify professional and ethical requirements for a social worker’s professiogram.

Based on moral assessments, individuals are divided into good and evil, merciful and cruel, honest and deceitful, responsible and irresponsible, conscientious and unscrupulous, principled and unprincipled, etc.

Of course, these contrasts are useful not only in everyday communication, but are important for the initial and most superficial approach to determining the necessary moral qualities

social workers. In view of the characteristics of this “helping” profession, its humanistic essence, only qualities that have a positive significance (kind, merciful, honest, responsible, etc.) may not contradict the value system of social work.

All this suggests that not every person is suitable for social work. This must be taken into account when choosing the profession of a social worker. A study of the professional orientation of young people indicates that the choice of the profession of a social worker is often dictated by considerations not related to moral criteria. Professional choice can also be influenced by random factors, due, for example, to the division of professions into “important” and “not important”,

“promising” and “not promising” in the mass consciousness. This, of course, has a negative meaning, since people who do not have the moral qualities appropriate for this type of activity may enter the profession.

Despite their importance, not all moral qualities are of equal value in order to consider them personally formative for a social worker.

Therefore, a moral typology of personality built on the opposition of “positive-negative” qualities is insufficient from the point of view of moral assessment. How to determine the specific moral qualities necessary for social work? E.I. Kholostova identifies the following moral qualities among the important personal qualities of social workers:

Humanistic orientation of the individual;

Personal and social responsibility;

Kindness and justice;

Self-esteem and respect for the dignity of others;

Willingness to understand others and come to their aid.

The position of G.P. also seems interesting. Medvedeva to connect the moral behavior of a social worker with the “moral and spiritual” qualities of his personality. These are qualities such as honesty, conscience, objectivity, justice, tact, attentiveness and observation, tolerance, endurance and self-control, kindness, love for people, self-criticism, adequacy of self-esteem, patience, sociability, optimism, willpower, empathy, desire for self-improvement , creative thinking.

Of course, some of these qualities are not moral. Taken together, they characterize the requirements for the spiritual development of the individual arising from the characteristics of the profession of a social worker. However, it is necessary to take into account that the moral development of a person is associated with some psychophysiological processes occurring in him.

Biological and moral factors of personality development interact according to the principle of direct and feedback. Thus, attention as a mental process, emotional and volitional manifestations (restraint, persistence, etc.), mental states (apathy, stress, depression, etc.) can either facilitate or hinder the implementation of a moral program of behavior.

There are widely known cases where moral actions were carried out only through the efforts of the will. Moral consciousness, in turn, determines the direction of the will, being a powerful factor in the self-regulation (self-education) of a person. The presence of direct and feedback is characteristic not only of the psychophysical and moral development of the individual. A similar connection exists between human intellectual and moral development. Intellectual development of a person is not identical to moral development, however, the moral qualities of an individual are formed through the assimilation of moral values.