Let's try to make a voltage converter ourselves. High voltage and more Converter circuit 12 220 to 300 watts

Voltage for motorists, since in a car it may very often be necessary to obtain mains voltage. This converter can be used to power soldering irons, incandescent lamps, coffee makers and other devices that are powered from a 220 Volt network. The converter can also power active loads - a TV or DVD player, but it is worth noting that this is quite dangerous, since operating frequency The converter is quite different from the network 50 Hertz. But, as you know, these devices are equipped with switching power supplies, where mains voltage rectified by diodes. These diodes can rectify high frequency current, but I must note that not all pulse units can have such diodes, so it’s better not to risk it. Such a DC-AC voltage converter can be assembled in a couple of hours if you have the necessary components on hand. A scaled-down diagram is shown in the figure:

Transformer is the power component of such a converter. It is wound on a ring of ferrite, which was removed from a Chinese power supply unit for halogen lamps (power 60 watts).

The primary winding of the transformer was wound with 7 wires. To wind both windings, a wire with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 mm was used. The primary winding consists of 10 turns tapped from the middle, i.e. two equal halves of 5 turns each. The windings are stretched across the entire ring. After winding, it is advisable to insulate the windings and wind them with a step-up winding.

The secondary winding consists of 80 turns (the same wire was used as for winding the primary winding). The transistors were installed on heat sinks, but do not forget to insulate them using special gaskets and washers. This is done only when both transistors have a common heat sink.

The choke can be removed and the power connected directly. It consists of 7-10 turns of 1mm wire. The inductor can be wound on a ring made of powdered iron (such rings can easily be found in computer power supplies). The 12-220V inverter circuit does not require preliminary adjustment and works immediately.

The operation is quite stable, thanks to the additional driver, the chip does not heat up. The transistors heat up within normal limits, but I advise you to choose a larger heat sink for them.

The installation is carried out in a housing from an electronic transformer, which plays the role of a heat sink for field switches.

I propose a 12/220V voltage converter (inverter) circuit (power up to 500 Watt), powered by a 12V battery, which can be useful in a car and at home for lighting, to power a TV, a small refrigerator, etc. The circuit is assembled on two 155 series microcircuits and six transistors. The output stage uses field-effect transistors that have a very low on-resistance, which increases the efficiency of the converter and eliminates the need to install them on radiators that are too large.

Let's figure out how the circuit works: (see diagram and diagram). A generator is assembled on the D1 chip rectangular pulses, the repetition frequency of which is about 200 Hz - diagram “A”. From pin 8 of the microcircuit, pulses are sent further to frequency dividers assembled on elements D2.1 - D2.2 of microcircuit D2. As a result, at pin 6 of the D2 chip, the pulse repetition rate becomes half as much - 100 Hz - diagram "B", and at pin 8 the pulses become equal to the frequency of 50 Hz - diagram "C". Non-invertible 50 Hz pulses are removed from pin 9 - diagram “D”. An “OR” logic circuit is assembled on diodes VD1-VD2. As a result, the pulses taken from the pins of microcircuits D1 pin 8, D2 pin 6 form a pulse corresponding to diagram “E” at the cathodes of the diodes. The cascade on transistors V1 and V2 serves to increase the amplitude of the pulses necessary to fully open the field-effect transistors. Transistors V3 and V4 connected to outputs 8 and 9 of microcircuit D2 open alternately, thereby locking either one field-effect transistor V5 or another V6. As a result, control pulses are formed in such a way that there is a pause between them, which eliminates the possibility of through current flowing through the output transistors and significantly increases efficiency. Diagrams "F" and "G" show the generated control pulses for transistors V5 and V6.

A correctly assembled converter begins to work immediately after power is applied. When setting up, you should connect a frequency meter to the output of the device and set the frequency to 50-60 Hz by selecting resistor R1, and, if necessary, capacitor C1.

About details
Transistors KT315 with any letter index, KT209 can be replaced with KT361 with any letter index. We will replace the KA7805 voltage stabilizer with the domestic KR142EN5A. Any resistors with a power of 0.125...0.25 W. Almost any low-frequency diodes, for example KD105, IN4002. Capacitor C1 type K73-11, K10-17V with low capacity loss when warming up. The transformer was taken from an old tube black and white TV, for example: “Spring”, “Record”. The 220 volt winding remains, and the remaining windings are removed. Two windings are wound on top of this winding with PEL wire - 2.1 mm. For better symmetry, they should be wound simultaneously into two wires. When connecting the windings, take into account the phasing. Field-effect transistors are fixed through mica spacers to a common aluminum radiator with a surface area of ​​at least 600 sq.cm.

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Many radio amateurs are also car enthusiasts and love to relax with friends in nature, but they don’t want to give up the benefits of civilization at all. Therefore, they assemble a 12 220 voltage converter with their own hands, the circuit of which is shown in the figures below. In this article I will tell and show various designs of inverters that are used to obtain 220 Volt mains voltage from a car battery.

The device is built on a push-pull inverter with two powerful field-effect transistors. Any N-channel field-effect transistors with a current of 40 Amps or more are suitable for this design, I used inexpensive transistors IRFZ44/46/48, but if you need more power at the output, better use more powerful field-effect transistors.

We wind the transformer on a ferrite ring or an E50 armored core, or you can use any other one. The primary winding should be wound with a two-core wire with a cross-section of 0.8 mm - 15 turns. If you use an armor core with two sections on the frame, the primary winding is wound in one of the sections, and the secondary winding consists of 110-120 turns copper wire 0.3-0.4mm. At the output of the transformer we obtain an alternating voltage in the range of 190-260 Volts, rectangular pulses.

The 12 220 voltage converter whose circuit has been described can power various loads, power of which is no more than 100 watts

Output pulse shape - Rectangular

A transformer in a circuit with two primary windings of 7 Volts (each arm) and a mains winding of 220 Volts. Almost any transformers from uninterruptible power supplies are suitable, but with a power of 300 watts or more. The diameter of the primary winding wire is 2.5 mm.

Transistors IRFZ44, if missing, can be easily replaced with IRFZ40,46,48 and even more powerful ones - IRF3205, IRL3705. The transistors in the TIP41 (KT819) multivibrator circuit can be replaced with domestic KT805, KT815, KT817, etc.

Attention, the circuit does not have protection at the output and input from short circuit or overload, the keys will overheat or burn out.

Two versions of the printed circuit board design and a photo of the finished converter can be downloaded from the link above.

This converter is quite powerful and can be used to power a soldering iron, grinder, microwave oven and other devices. But do not forget that its operating frequency is not 50 Hertz.

The primary winding of the transformer is wound with 7 cores at once, with a wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm and contains 10 turns with a tap from the middle stretched across the entire ferrite ring. After winding, we insulate the winding and begin to wind the step-up winding, with the same wire, but already 80 turns.

It is advisable to install power transistors on heat sinks. If you assemble the converter circuit correctly, it should work immediately and does not require any configuration.

As with the previous design, the heart of the circuit is the TL494.

This is a ready-made push-pull pulse converter device, complete domestic analogue hers is 1114EU4. High-efficiency rectifier diodes and a C-filter are used at the output of the circuit.

In the converter I used a ferrite W-shaped core from the TPI TV transformer. All the original windings were unwound, because I re-wound the secondary winding 84 turns with 0.6 wire in enamel insulation, then a layer of insulation and move on to the primary winding: 4 turns obliquely from 8 0.6 wires, after winding the windings were ringed and divided in half, we got 2 windings of 4 turns in 4 wires, the beginning of one was connected to the end of the other, so we made a tap from the middle, and finally wound the feedback winding with five turns of PEL 0.3 wire.

The 12 220 voltage converter circuit that we examined includes a choke. You can make it yourself by winding it on a ferrite ring from a computer power supply with a diameter of 10 mm and 20 turns of PEL 2 wire.

There is also a drawing of a printed circuit board for a 12,220 volt voltage converter circuit:

And a few photos of the resulting 12-220 Volt converter:

Again, I liked the TL494 paired with mosfets (This is such a modern type of field-effect transistors), this time I borrowed the transformer from an old computer power supply. When laying out the board, I took into account its conclusions, so be careful when choosing your placement option.

To make the case, I used a 0.25L soda can, which I had successfully snatched up after a flight from Vladivostok, cut off the top ring with a sharp knife and cut out the middle of it, and glued a circle of fiberglass with holes for a switch and connector into it using epoxy.

To give the jar rigidity, I cut out plastic bottle a strip the width of our case, and coated it with epoxy glue, placed it in a jar, after the glue dried, the jar became quite rigid and with insulated walls, the bottom of the jar was left clean, for better thermal contact with the radiator of the transistors.

To complete the assembly, I soldered the wires to the cover and secured it with hot glue; this will allow, if the need arises, to disassemble the voltage converter by simply heating the cover with a hairdryer.

The design of the converter is designed to convert 12 volt voltage from the battery into 220 volt alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz. The idea for the scheme was borrowed from November 1989.

The amateur radio design contains a master oscillator designed for a frequency of 100 Hz on the K561TM2 trigger, a frequency divider by 2 on the same chip, but on the second trigger, and a power amplifier using transistors loaded by a transformer.

Taking into account the output power of the voltage converter, transistors should be installed on radiators with a large cooling area.

The transformer can be rewound from an old network transformer TS-180. The mains winding can be used as a secondary winding, and then windings Ia and Ib are wound.

A voltage converter assembled from working components does not require adjustment, with the exception of the selection of capacitor C7 with a connected load.

If you need a printed circuit board drawing made in , click on the PCB drawing.

Signals from the PIC16F628A microcontroller through 470 Ohm resistances control the power transistors, forcing them to open one by one. The half-windings of a transformer with a power of 500-1000 VA are connected to the source circuits of field-effect transistors. There should be 10 volts on its secondary windings. If we take a wire with a cross-section of 3 mm2, then the output power will be about 500 W.

The whole design is very compact, so you can use a breadboard without etching the tracks. You can catch the archive with the microcontroller firmware at the green link just above

The 12-220 converter circuit is made on a generator that creates symmetrical pulses following out of phase and an output block implemented on field springs, to the load of which is connected a step-up transformer. Using elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, a multivibrator is assembled according to the classical scheme, generating pulses with a repetition frequency of 100 Hz.

To form symmetrical pulses traveling in antiphase, the circuit uses a D-trigger of the CD4013 microcircuit. It divides by two all impulses entering its input. If we have a signal going to the input with a frequency of 100 Hz, then the output of the trigger will be only 50 Hz.

Since field-effect transistors have an insulated gate, the active resistance between their channel and the gate tends to an infinitely large value. To protect the trigger outputs from overload, the circuit has two buffer elements DD1.3 and DD1.4, through which the pulses travel to the field-effect transistors.

A step-up transformer is included in the drain circuits of the transistors. To protect against self-induction, high-power zener diodes are connected to the drains. RF interference suppression is carried out by a filter on R4, C3.

The inductor winding L1 is made by hand on a ferrite ring with a diameter of 28mm. It is wound with PEL-2 0.6 mm wire in one layer. The most common network transformer is 220 volts, but with a power of at least 100 W and having two secondary windings of 9 V each.

To increase the efficiency of the voltage converter and prevent severe overheating, field-effect transistors with low resistance are used in the output stage of the inverter circuit.

On DD1.1 – DD1.3, C1, R1, a rectangular pulse generator with a pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz is made. Then the pulses arrive at a frequency divider built on elements DD2.1 - DD2.2. Therefore, at the output of the divider 6, the output of DD2.1, the frequency is reduced to 100Hz, and already at the 8th output of DD2.2. it is 50 Hz.

The signal from pin 8 of DD1 and pin 6 of DD2 goes to diodes VD1 and VD2. To fully open the field-effect transistors, it is necessary to increase the amplitude of the signal that passes from the diodes VD1 and VD2; for this, VT1 and VT2 are used in the voltage converter circuit. The field-effect output transistors are controlled through VT3 and VT4. If no errors were made during the assembly of the inverter, then it starts working immediately after power is applied. The only thing that is recommended to do is to select the value of resistance R1 so that the output is the usual 50 Hz. VT5 and VT6. When output Q1 (or Q2) goes low, transistors VT1 and VT3 (or VT2 and VT4) open, and the gate capacitances begin to discharge, and transistors VT5 and VT6 close.
The converter itself is assembled according to the classic push-pull circuit.
If the voltage at the output of the converter exceeds the set value, the voltage at resistor R12 will be higher than 2.5 V, and therefore the current through the DA3 stabilizer will increase sharply and a high level signal will appear at the FV input of the DA1 chip.

Its outputs Q1 and Q2 will switch to the zero state and field-effect transistors VT5 and VT6 will close, causing a decrease in the output voltage.
A current protection unit based on relay K1 has also been added to the voltage converter circuit. If the current flowing through the winding is higher than the set value, the contacts of the reed switch K1.1 will operate. The FC input of the DA1 chip will be high and its outputs will go low, causing transistors VT5 and VT6 to close and a sharp decrease in current consumption.

After this, DA1 will remain in a locked state. To start the converter, a voltage drop at the input IN DA1 will be required, which can be achieved either by turning off the power or by short-circuiting capacitance C1. To do this, you can introduce a non-latching button into the circuit, the contacts of which are soldered parallel to the capacitor.
Since the output voltage is a square wave, capacitor C8 is designed to smooth it. The HL1 LED is necessary to indicate the presence of output voltage.
The T1 transformer is made from TS-180; it can be found in the power supplies of old CRT televisions. All its secondary windings are removed, and the network voltage of 220 V is left. It serves as the output winding of the converter. Half-windings 1.1 and I.2 are made from PEV-2 wire 1.8, 35 turns each. The beginning of one winding is connected to the end of the other.
The relay is homemade. Its winding consists of 1-2 turns of insulated wire, rated for current up to 20...30 A. The wire is wound on the reed switch body with making contacts.

By selecting resistor R3, you can set the required frequency of the output voltage, and resistor R12 - the amplitude from 215...220 V.