Causes of exogenous constitutional obesity. Types of obesity Clinical symptoms characteristic of exogenous constitutional obesity

Health is harmony. Disease is its violation. Let's apply this ancient thesis to the problem of obesity.

Do we need adipose tissue? Certainly! Otherwise it wouldn't exist at all. And not only in people, but also in other living beings. Why is it needed?

First of all, to protect internal organs:

• mechanical;
• thermal (insulation and energy source);
• antitoxic (toxins that the body cannot get rid of are “hidden” out of sight - in the fatty tissue of the buttocks and thighs);
• energy (fat is a reliable source of energy that is available to the body during so-called lipolysis).

Adipose tissue stores not only toxins, but also what the body may still need - water, hormones, etc. And not only stores, but also creates! The same hormones, for example. Sex hormones have been known for a long time. But they learned about adiponectin only at the end of the twentieth century. It is an active participant in carbohydrate-fat metabolism, and it precisely maintains the “metabolic harmony” of the body (preventing the occurrence of obesity, diabetes, inflammation in tissues, and atherosclerosis). The paradox is that the more adipose tissue, the less it produces this hormone.

The first stages of the formation of vitamin D (without it the body is unable to absorb calcium) are also carried out by adipose tissue.

And adipose tissue also serves as a source of stem cells! These “jacks of all trades” can carry out a variety of rescue operations in the body and turn into cells of bone, cartilage, muscle, nervous and other tissues.

But if fat is so good, why is too much of it bad?

First of all, the mass. Although fat is light, but in large quantities it gives a noticeable weight gain. An additional “backpack” also loads the body’s systems, just like a real one. Only rarely does anyone actually periodically walk with a backpack of 30 or even more kilograms. Particular overloads occur on the cardiovascular system (the heart itself, arteries, veins), respiratory, excretory and endocrine. Although adipose tissue produces important biological active substances, it is not always “more fat - more substances”, and “more substances - better for the body”.

Disharmony of fat metabolism and the cause, and compound element so-called metabolic syndrome - disharmony at the level of the whole organism. Its tangible manifestations, entailing other ailments (diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, sleep apnea, stroke, etc.), are: insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, endocrine disorders, etc.

Causes of obesity of alimentary-constitutional origin

In the birth of obesity, two components play a special role: a person has no control over the first, the second, especially in the first stages, is entirely in his hands. The first - constitutional - is a genetic given (here is not only the risk of developing metabolic disorders, but also the likelihood of excessive appetite and an inhibited satiety reaction). But conditions are needed for potency to enter the active phase. They are created by the second component - nutritional. Its essence follows from the name. We are talking about nutrition (“alimentum” translated from Latin means “food”) in the sense of both the quantity and quality of what is eaten. But that's not all. Another factor is the body's need for energy and nutrients. The more active your lifestyle, the higher it is.

As a result, we obtain a simple exchange formula: receipt minus expenditure. The higher the final value, the more worries the body has about what to do with the excess. Against the background of the corresponding genetic data, the body chooses a completely logical method - to save in reserve. Moreover, in difficult living conditions (in the past, and for some in the present), such a strategy was one of the conditions for survival.

One should not discount the factor of upbringing, or rather, the habits adopted in the family.

In psychosomatics, the topic of obesity is associated with the concepts of “protection” and “love”. Only a person acquires them at the wrong level. The same principle applies to increased appetite. Unsatisfied spiritual hunger (its “food” is conscious life experience) “descends” to the level of the body and finds its satisfaction in the absorption of material food.

Symptoms of nutritional-constitutional obesity

Doctors have their own markers, helping to determine the degree of distress: body mass index, thickness of the fat fold under the shoulder blade, on the thigh, abdomen, etc. But you can do without them: obesity in the literal sense of the word obviously.

Other signs are already a consequence of stress, and over time, overload of the body's systems. This:

• dyspnea;
• high blood pressure;
• sweating;
• problems with the digestive system;
• joint pain;
• venous insufficiency;
• sleep disorders;
• fast fatiguability;
• apathy.

And... a strong feeling of hunger. This paradox is explained both by changes in metabolism during obesity (huge reserves become truly untouchable and are instantly replenished by blood glucose, the decrease of which causes hunger), as well as by disturbances in appetite regulation and a lack of satiety.

Obesity treatment

Lost harmony can be restored. The main thing is to want. The 3D approach to treating obesity includes:

• diet;
• movement;
• trust and goodwill towards yourself and the world.

The first and second components are adjusted to the negative result of the above-mentioned formula “receipt minus expenditure” (in very simple terms it looks like “run more, eat less”). The third makes it easier to achieve the desired effect and consolidates the result.

Moreover, the concept diets should be interpreted in an etymological sense, as a way of life. This is what needs to be changed. Drastically and for life (temporary, albeit significant efforts have proven their failure in the long term).

Despite the decrease in the quantity and energy value of food, it must remain complete (contain all the components necessary for the body). It is advised to enrich it with dietary fiber, which “deceives” the saturation centers with its large volume, restoring peristalsis and intestinal microflora. You should not give preference to carbohydrates, the excess of which easily turns into fat.

Auxiliary measures for the treatment of obesity include: breathing practices, physiotherapy, massage and psychotherapy.

Alternative methods for treating obesity

Alternative methods that restore harmony at the level of the whole have also been successfully used for a long time in the treatment of people suffering from obesity. These include: herbal medicine, osteopathy, classical and resonant homeopathy, qigong therapy, acupuncture.

An imbalance between fat intake and low energy expenditure by the body leads to the development of serious disease. Exogenous constitutional obesity has several degrees. In the case of the first stage, you can cope with excessive obesity and avoid serious complications if you start treatment in a timely manner.

General information about exogenous constitutional obesity

Alimentary or primary – these are the names for the type of obesity that is caused by non-hormonal reasons. The exogenous constitutional form of the disease is characterized by a significant increase in the amount of adipose tissue. This occurs as a result of an imbalance between the energy supplied by food and its expenditure. The pathology is distinguished by its progressive nature. Endocrinologists distinguish several degrees of the disease, which have their own characteristics:

	Body fat, % of body weight	Excess weight from normal, %
Fourth

Causes

Experts believe that there are external and internal reasons why exogenous constitutional obesity of degree 1 develops. The disease is often caused by overeating and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors are considered exogenous or external, they also include:

• systematic overeating;
• increased caloric content of food consumed;
• rarely eating large amounts of food;
• the habit of eating while lying in front of the TV at night;
• national food traditions;
• the presence of a food cult in the family;
• sedentary work;
• the habit of eating stress;
• depression.

There are internal or constitutional reasons for the development of first-degree obesity. Endocrinologists include the following factors:

• slowing down the rate of lipid metabolism, which is hereditary;
• tendency to be overweight in close relatives;
• features of the structure of adipose tissue;
• active functions of the hypothalamic centers responsible for satiety;
• taking hormonal drugs, psychotropic drugs, contraceptives;
• pathologies of the central nervous system;
• endocrine diseases;
• ovarian dysfunction in women;
• psychological disorders.

Symptoms

Obesity of the first degree, which has an exogenous constitutional origin, can be determined by a number of signs. These include: shortness of breath, increased sweating, depression, decreased self-esteem, and the appearance of complexes. Symptoms of obesity have characteristics associated with the area of ​​accumulation of fat deposits. The following types are distinguished:

There is a technique that helps determine the presence of obesity and its degree. It is necessary to calculate BMI - body mass index. With an exogenous-constitutional form of obesity, which has the first degree, the indicator is 30-34.9 kg/m2. Calculations are carried out according to the formula

BMI = B / P x P, where:

• B – weight in kilograms;
• P – height in meters.

Treatment

If a patient is diagnosed with stage 1 nutritional obesity, the disease can be managed at home and the development of hypertension, liver and joint pathologies can be prevented. To get rid of excess fat deposits, treatment tactics are used, which include a number of measures. A treatment regimen is proposed containing:

• the first stage is dietary nutrition;
• regular physical activity;
• medications;
• correction of the usual lifestyle;
• folk remedies for weight loss;
• massage.

Normalization of nutrition is one of the important components of the treatment of patients with stage 1 obesity. There are the following diet rules:

• Eating fruits and vegetables that have a low glucose content in their raw form.
• Introduction to the menu of low-calorie foods.
• Use of plant fiber.
• Limiting fatty, spicy, smoked, fried foods and spices.
• Reducing daily salt intake to four grams.
• Exclusion of products made from flour, sweets, sugar, animal fat.
• Maintaining daily caloric intake at 1200 kcal.

To restore normal weight and eliminate excess fat deposits, it is advisable to seek help from a nutritionist.

• Carry out fasting days once a week.
• Introduce split meals with snacks between main meals.
• Eat in small portions.
• Reduce the amount of fast carbohydrates in your diet.
• Drink up to 1.5 liters of water per day.
• The last meal is three hours before bedtime.
• Avoid alcohol, which stimulates appetite.
• Adjust your eating habits.
• Take multivitamins.

Drug therapy

For obesity of exogenous constitutional origin, which has the first degree, medications are prescribed in rare cases. Drug therapy is aimed at regulating appetite by affecting the satiety center of the hypothalamus. Medicines have many contraindications. The following side effects often occur:

• increased blood pressure;
• dizziness;
• hyperemia;
• insomnia;
• headache;
• anxiety;
• dry mouth;
• nausea;
• tachycardia;
• diarrhea.

Indications for treatment medicines for stage 1 disease, a BMI value is more than 30 kg/m2, or data is more than 27 kg/m2 with concomitant diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia - high blood fat content. The drugs should be prescribed by an endocrinologist. These could be medications like this.

Primary obesity, or nutritional obesity, is a consequence of the fact that a person either abuses food or moves little. This also applies to that part of humanity who has a sedentary job. In these circumstances, the fat that enters the body, as well as carbohydrates, are not completely used. Instead, they are deposited in the subcutaneous tissue, located around the organs.

The second cause of this disease may be the consequences of other diseases associated with the endocrine and central nervous systems, as well as psychological disorders.

The formation of fat deposits in large quantities in the human body is obesity. Currently, this disease is considered a non-infectious epidemic. Most people's diets deviate far from a balanced diet, and the food itself does not consist of healthy foods. Their diet mainly consists of fats and carbohydrates.

Kinds

If we talk about nutritional obesity, it should be noted that it is divided into three types, referring to the places where they are located. The following types are known:

1. Android. It occurs most often in men. Here, fat accumulations are concentrated in the abdomen and armpits. This type also has a subtype - abdominal, which means that fat is located only under the epidermis of the abdomen and surrounds the internal organs.
2. Gynoid appearance. It is more characteristic of the female sex. Fats are deposited on the thighs and lower abdomen.
3. Mixed look. In this case, fat deposits are located in all parts of the body.

External reasons

Nutritional obesity can occur under the influence of external and internal factors.
External reasons include:

• Eating large amounts of food. Because of this, both adults and children are susceptible to the disease.
• Reflex: eat a lot. It is acquired over time. If a stressful situation arises, many people need to eat something high-calorie to calm down. Some people, coming home from work, relax, watch their favorite programs on TV and at the same time eat junk food.
• National tradition. In this case, some people not only change their lifestyle, but also their daily diet, which is not always beneficial for the body.
• Sedentary lifestyle. Many people are not particularly active. After a hard day's work, people just want to lie down and sleep. In addition, nowadays many people also have sedentary work. Then activity is reduced to almost zero.

Domestic

Internal reasons are:

• Heredity. When someone in the family is prone to this disease, future generations will be at risk.
• The rate of fat metabolism, which depends on how the adipose tissue is structured.
• Active functioning of centers located in the hypothalamus, which are responsible for the state of satiety or hunger.

These are the main causes of obesity.

Degrees

Experts have identified 4 degrees of the disease:

• first stage - fat deposits account for up to 39 percent of a person’s normal weight;
• the second - up to 49 percent;
• third - overweight is 99 percent;
• the fourth is the most severe form, where excess fat is more than one hundred percent.

We calculate the indicator

Excess weight can be calculated independently without the help of specialists. This is done like this:

1. Two indicators are taken - weight and height.
2. The growth rate is converted to meters. Multiply the resulting figure by a similar one.
3. The weight is divided by the resulting number.
4. The result is ready - all that remains is to check whether it fits into the weight standards.

Established weight indicators

Excess body weight has its generally accepted norms. They differ in the following indicators:

• if the calculated total is from 18.5 to 24.9, then this means that the weight is fine and does not threaten health;
• when the result is from 25 to 29.9, excess weight is present; Particular attention should be paid when the indicator is 27, as the risk of obesity increases;
• from 30 to 34.5 - you should start worrying, this is alimentary obesity of the first degree;
• with a result from 35 to 39.9, the second degree is observed, it already needs to be treated;
• above 40 - third degree; in this case, people have a hard time with their weight, and secondary diseases are added to this;
• an indicator of more than 50 indicates the fourth degree of obesity, which is accompanied by many other serious abnormalities in the body.

If you experience the slightest change in weight, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. He will be able to explain what nutritional obesity is and what its consequences may be.

Concomitant diseases

May contribute to the development of diseases in such body systems as:

• respiratory;
• cardiovascular;
• digestive;
• endocrine.

With a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, one can observe the occurrence and development of:

• atherosclerosis;
• hypertension;
• myocardial infarction;
• varicose veins.

Fat deposits located in the abdominal area change the position of the diaphragm. And this, in turn, is fraught with disruption of the functioning of the pulmonary system. The elasticity of the lungs decreases significantly, resulting in the development of pulmonary failure.

About half of obese people have gastritis. In addition, various diseases of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder are actively developing.

In the fight against nutritional obesity, diets and sports are used. The diet should be developed by a specialist, taking into account the individuality of the body. In addition, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• follow the rules of healthy eating;
• do not eat food in the evening and at night;
• in between meals, make snacks, always light ones, so as not to overload the stomach;
• portions during meals should be small;
• observe drinking regime;
• completely avoid harmful products;
• periodically cleanse the body using only safe methods.

Activity and sports

In the fight against obesity, there is no way to do without physical activity, so forget about a sedentary lifestyle. Exercises are also selected individually for each person. Therapeutic gymnastics helps:

• Lose weight much faster;
• strengthen muscles;
• improve the functioning of the cardiac system;
• reduce the risk of many diseases;
• cheer up.

Unlike nutritional obesity, exogenous constitutional obesity differs not only in its distribution in the body, but also in the duration of development. The fight against him is also a little different. Drug treatment is not used, as it gives only a temporary effect.

In this case, treatment takes place under the watchful supervision of a nutritionist. Some of the important recommendations in this method are:

• low-calorie diet;
• minimum amount of carbohydrates and fats in the diet;
• mandatory consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables;
• Constantly taking biological supplements and vitamins prescribed by your doctor.

Also, you should not consume more than 5 grams of salt per day. It is useful to spend fasting days. Once a week will be enough. In addition, in the fight against obesity, the right psychological attitude is necessary, since diets and physical activity radically change the patient’s habits and lifestyle.

The reason is hereditary predisposition and systematic overeating.

Symptoms of the disease:

The main symptom is excess body weight. In advanced stages, which occur with many years of overeating, complications such as the appearance of stretch marks on the skin, dysfunction of various organs, including sexual function, may develop. , increased blood pressure.

Cerebral obesity

It develops against the background of existing brain pathology, for example, cerebral palsy, various hereditary diseases associated with mental retardation.

Symptoms of the disease:

This disease manifests itself in significant excess body weight. It is very difficult to treat due to mental retardation. The condition is accompanied by gluttony and lack of self-criticism. Complications often develop.

Hypothalamic syndrome of puberty

Its causes are disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, changes in hormonal levels body. Among adolescents, it is detected in approximately 83% of cases. This type of obesity occurs 10 times more often in girls than in boys.

Symptoms of the disease:

The main symptom is excess body weight. The disease is accompanied by signs of increased work of the adrenal glands: the appearance of sprains (“stretch marks”) on the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, chest, and armpits; neuropsychic changes: irritability, tearfulness, insomnia, headaches, dizziness, increased fatigue, frequent mood swings, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, impaired memory and learning. Frequent autonomic disorders: increased sweating, heart pain, rapid heartbeat, unstable blood pressure, often increased.

For each form of obesity, you should reduce your weight as much as possible, otherwise there is a high probability of developing serious complications in the future.

In addition to the forms, doctors also distinguish the stages of the disease. There are only four degrees of obesity and two stages of the disease - progressive and stable.

· In grade I, the actual body weight exceeds the ideal by no more than 29%.

· at II - the excess is 30-40%.

· at III degree - 50-99%.

· with IV - the actual body weight exceeds the ideal by 100% or more.

Patients with degrees I-II obesity usually have no complaints; with more massive obesity, they experience weakness, drowsiness, decreased mood, and sometimes nervousness and irritability; nausea, bitterness in the mouth, shortness of breath, swelling of the lower extremities, pain in the joints and spine.

Obesity stages:

Progressive, when body weight gradually increases.

Stable, when extra pounds are present, but at a constant level, without a tendency to further increase their number.

Causes of obesity

Obesity can develop as a result of:

§ imbalance between food intake and energy expended, that is, increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure;

§ non-endocrine pathology obesity appears due to disorders in the pancreas, liver, small and large intestines;

§ genetic disorders.

Predisposing factors for obesity

v Sedentary lifestyle

v Genetic factors, in particular:

Ø Increased activity of lipogenesis enzymes

Ø Reduced activity of lipolysis enzymes

v Increased consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates:

Ø drinking sugary drinks

Ø diet rich in sugars

v Some diseases, in particular endocrine diseases (hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, insulinoma)

v eating disorders - a psychological disorder leading to eating disorders.

Ø Psychogenic overeating.

Ø Bulimia.

v Tendency to stress.

v Lack of sleep.

v Psychotropic drugs.

Consequences of obesity

Complications of obesity

This disease leads to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, problems with joints and spine, and other diseases associated with excess weight.

In addition to the above, there is a whole list of diseases that develop due to obesity. This:

à Metabolic syndrome.

à Gastroesophageal reflux disease

à Coronary heart disease.

à Myocardial infarction.

a Stroke.

à Arterial hypertension.

à Chronic venous insufficiency.

à Cholecystitis.

à Gallstone disease.

à Arthritis.

à Deforming osteoarthritis.

à Herniated intervertebral discs.

à Polycystic ovary syndrome.

à Oncological diseases.

à Pancreatitis.

à Fatty liver degeneration.

à Sudden death from unknown causes.

Below are the 3 most striking diseases that are a complication of obesity.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polyendocrine syndrome, accompanied by dysfunction of the ovaries (absence or irregularity of ovulation, increased secretion of androgens and estrogens), pancreas (hypersecretion of insulin), adrenal cortex (hypersecretion of adrenal androgens), hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

Symptoms:

1. Irregular, rare menstruation or complete absence of menstruation; Those menstruation that does occur can be pathologically scanty or, on the contrary, excessively abundant, as well as painful.

Acne, oily skin, seborrhea.

Acanthosis (dark pigment spots on the skin, from light beige to dark brown or black).

Acrochordons (skin folds) are small folds and wrinkles of the skin.

The appearance of stretch marks (stretch marks) on the skin of the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, as a result of rapid weight gain due to hormonal imbalance.

Long periods of symptoms resembling those of premenstrual syndrome (swelling, mood swings, lower abdominal pain, lower back pain, breast pain or swelling)

An increase in the size of the ovaries by 1.5-3 times due to the appearance of many small cysts.

The thickened, smooth, pearly white outer surface (capsule) of the ovaries.

Complications and consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome:

1. Breast cancer

Thrombosis, thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis due to increased blood clotting.

Dyslipidemia (disorders of cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism with the possible development of vascular atherosclerosis).

Cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, stroke.

Data from several researchers indicate that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of miscarriage or premature birth, not carrying a pregnancy to term. In addition, many women with this syndrome are unable to conceive or have difficulty conceiving due to irregular menstrual cycle and absence or infrequent ovulation. However, with proper treatment, these women can normally conceive, carry and give birth to a healthy child.

Arthritis

Symptoms:

All types of arthritis are accompanied by pain, the nature of which depends on the type of arthritis. Arthritis is also characterized by redness of the skin, limited mobility in the joint, and changes in its shape. Disease-prone joints often crack unnaturally when stressed. A person with arthritis may have difficulty using physical force.

Elements of the medical history determine the diagnosis. Important elements are the time of onset and rate of development of the disease, the presence of morning immobility, pain, “locking” of the joint due to inactivity, etc. For a more accurate diagnosis, radiography and tomography are used.

Diabetes

The disease is characterized by a chronic course and disruption of all types of metabolism: carbohydrate, fat, protein, mineral and water-salt, as well as elevated blood sugar levels. In addition to humans, some animals, such as cats, are also susceptible to this disease.

Obesity prevention

The most effective and simple means for a healthy life is disease prevention. Only timely intervention can protect against many diseases.

Recommendations for prevention are well known and quite simple. Healthy lifestyle, healthy eating, physical activity - physical activity means doing morning exercises, moving (at least 10,000 steps per day), etc.

Proper and healthy nutrition involves following simple and available rules. Eat on time, do not overeat, do not drink tap water, use high-quality water filters, and do not eat dry food.

Instead of trying to lose weight later, it is much easier to maintain a normal weight. The basis of nutrition is not its calorie content, but balance

IN Ancient China believed that during the day a person should receive all five tastes: sweet, bitter, sour, spicy, salty. It is important to eat foods in their natural state. That is, subject them to less heat treatment. It is recommended to soak the cereals for at least 2-3 hours. Food should not be too hot or too cold, and instead of processed sugar, it is preferable to eat fruit or honey. You should consume less table salt, pickles, meat, alcohol, smoked foods, and preservatives. Do not eat meat from sick animals. As a rule, such meat is purchased at the market. Meat is a poor conductor of heat, so its internal parts do not warm up well, preserving disease carriers. And the absence quality products Today, we are compensated by benign dietary supplements that can provide us with all the necessary minerals and vitamins. Drink more water, especially when you are sick. This replenishes fluid reserves in the body and removes bacteria and viruses from it. A glass of water on an empty stomach helps flushing gastrointestinal tract, stimulates its activity and improves digestion. After physical activity, drink lightly salted water to replenish your body's fluid reserves and restore your strength. It is better to drink juices freshly prepared. Infusions of herbs and berries are useful.

Do not overuse carbonated water after a heavy meal. After eating, the sodium bicarbonate contained in soda reacts with hydrochloric acid actively released in the stomach after eating. This results in the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide. Its high blood pressure and excess food close the entrance to the stomach, creating bloating and pain. Drinking tea after meals dilutes gastric juice and, accordingly, worsens digestion.

In particular, it can be alimentary (from the Latin word “alimentarius”, which translates as “food”). This means that it developed as a result of proper nutrition. In different sources it can be found under other names: primary, alimentary-constitutional, exogenous-constitutional. It's time to figure out what it is and how you can get rid of it quickly and easily.

Essence

In medicine, nutritional obesity is a disease associated with impaired metabolism. Along the way, other pathologies can help develop harmful factors, most often - external (lack of physical activity, for example), less often - internal (diseases of organs and systems). Heredity and disorders of the brain and psyche are excluded from the causes. Everything else can contribute to the progression of the disease in one way or another.

It turns out that nutritional obesity is the fault of the person himself, who cannot organize and balance his own diet. If the body takes in more calories than it expends, this will invariably lead to excess body weight. And you can’t blame heredity and congenital neuropsychiatric diseases here.

However, there is one big advantage in this: if a person himself has brought his body to such a state, then he can also get rid of it himself by pulling himself together and going through the entire course of treatment from beginning to end under the supervision of specialists.

Causes

This type of disease has another name - exogenous constitutional obesity. It reflects two more features: exogenous - related to external factors, constitutional in given value- associated with the body. So, first of all, we look for the causes of excess body weight in our own lifestyle, but at the same time we do not forget about the processes that occur inside the body.

• regular overeating;
• the presence in the menu of a large amount of food rich in simple carbohydrates and fats: bakery products, sweets, pasta, fatty meat dishes;
• incorrect eating habits: lack of diet, eating high-calorie and heavy foods at night;
• learned types of nutrition (we are talking about national traditions);
• sedentary lifestyle.

• metabolic diseases: diabetes mellitus;
• hormonal imbalance due to excessive or insufficient functions of the gonads,

Most often, women are at risk during pregnancy and lactation or during menopause. These age groups are considered the most critical. In 75% of cases, obesity of alimentary-constitutional origin is diagnosed in women.

Symptoms

First of all, obesity is diagnosed by calculating BMI using a certain formula:

I = m (weight in kg) / h 2 (height in m)

And if the resulting figure reaches 30, we are talking about obesity. Next, the reasons why weight is gained are determined, and if it is primarily associated with poor nutrition, the disease is classified as nutritional.

The clinical picture is not much different from other types of pathology:

• hypertension;
• elevated BMI values ​​compared to the norm;
• insulin resistance;
• disturbances in the functioning of internal organs;
• dyspnea;
• increased sweating;
• gradual increase in food volumes, overeating;
• development of internal complexes due to appearance;
• diabetes mellitus type II;
• significant weight gain;
• increase in waist size (in women - exceeds 80 cm, in men - 94).

If you leave it unattended and allow it to develop further at the same pace, the symptoms will manifest themselves more and more each time: pressure and weight will increase, waist size will increase, shortness of breath and sweating will increase. As a result, all this can lead to serious mental problems and significantly reduce the quality of life.

Nutritional obesity can be different. Firstly, according to BMI indicators, it is divided into 3 degrees:

Nutritional obesity of the 1st degree is the initial stage of the disease, its start. The weight and waist size are already above normal, the person sees this and begins to experience discomfort. But this is not reflected so clearly on his physical characteristics: shortness of breath, pressure, and sweating are just beginning to increase, but not so critically. If you start treatment at at this stage, there is every chance of a full recovery without returning to previous parameters.

Stage 2 is already noticeable naked eye. Walking is difficult, doing physical activity is even more difficult, the lungs are failing, bending over to tie your shoelaces is simply impossible. Most people admit to themselves that there is a problem at this stage and begin to take some action to eliminate it.

This is a pathology that is difficult to treat. Almost all organs suffer from it: blood pressure goes through the roof, joints ache, sugar levels are prohibitive. There is irritability, imbalance and depression.

Based on the location of adipose tissue inside the body, nutritional obesity is further divided into 3 types:

• android (male) central type - fat deposition in the abdomen, armpits, back, lower back;
• gynoid (female) - on the chest, buttocks, thighs, lower abdomen;
• mixed - uniform distribution.

With hormonal dysfunction, redistribution of fat deposits according to the type of the opposite sex may occur.

Treatment

Self-treatment of nutritional obesity is excluded. Cope with it even initial stage very difficult. This requires the help of a specialist. After the initial examination and examination, he will refer you for the appropriate tests. All this will help him make an accurate diagnosis and schedule a therapeutic course.

Nutrition

Since obesity is nutritional, i.e., dictated by poor nutrition, it is from this point that treatment should begin. If you don’t normalize it, no medicine or sports will save you.

One of the most common mistakes of those who learn about such a diagnosis is organizing hunger strikes and express diets. As a result, they further disrupt metabolism and, following a slight decrease in weight, kilograms are gained with a vengeance.

• there should be plenty of protein and fiber;
• if you can’t eat without salt, experts recommend, firstly, using sea salt, and secondly, salting dishes not during cooking, but after it, already on your plate;
• exclude frying as a method of processing food;
• minimize fats of any origin, refined carbohydrates;
• limit the amount of salt and spices;
• organize 5-6 meals a day;
• make the basis of the diet from vegetables and fruits;
• before going to bed, you can drink a glass of low-fat kefir;
• completely abandon trans fats, fast food, alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
• portions should be small, but their volumes should be reduced gradually;
• fasting days can be arranged 3-4 times a month;
• the heaviest is breakfast, the lightest is dinner;
• daily calorie content for women - no more than one thousand calories, for men - no more than one thousand calories;
• It is advisable to have dinner 3-4 hours before bedtime.

At the same time, you need to understand that no diet, even the most low-calorie diet, can cure obesity if you do not provide the body with an outlet for the energy that came with food. Physical activity and proper lifestyle are the second element of the therapeutic course.

Lifestyle

• start the day with exercise and running;
• Work out in the gym 3 times a week, doing aerobic exercises;
• always eat at the same time;
• sleep about 8 hours a day;
• spend more time in the fresh air;
• protect the nervous system from stress;
• give up bad habits if possible;
• Take walks in the evenings.

As a result of such activities, along with proper nutrition, the weight should begin to go away. Although the process will be slow.

Medications

You cannot buy and take medications for nutritional obesity on your own - this must be done strictly as prescribed by your doctor. Firstly, they are included in the general therapeutic regimen only if after 2 months of following a diet with sufficient physical activity, the weight remains the same. Secondly, it is the exogenous constitutional type of the disease that is treated with sibutramine-containing drugs, which are banned in many countries. These include:

All these drugs affect the hypothalamus - the centers of saturation and thermogenesis. Along the way, they are antidepressants from the group of anorexigenic drugs and appetite regulators. As a result, the patient's desire to eat anything decreases.

Taking pills while on a diet gives an excellent effect, as it allows you to not feel hungry for a long time. Indications:

• nutritional obesity with a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2;
• nutritional obesity with a BMI of more than 27 kg/m2 in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia.

It should be noted that doctors do not really like to prescribe such sibutramine-containing drugs because of their numerous and dangerous side effects, which can continue for a long time even after stopping their use:

• insomnia;
• hyperemia;
• hypertension;
• hypothyroidism;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• itchy skin;
• change in taste sensations;
• constant anxiety;
• dry mouth;
• tachycardia;
• nausea.

In many countries, sibutramine as an anti-obesity agent was banned due to the fact that hallucinogenic properties were attributed to it. In some cases, it resembled a drug in its effect on the body. All this must be kept in mind before agreeing to such treatment.

In some cases, you can use liposuction - pumping out fat from problem areas. In case of alimentary obesity of the 3rd degree, gastric resection may be prescribed to reduce its volume.

Complications

Nutritional obesity, in the absence of proper treatment, continues to progress, which causes irreversible processes in many body systems. This leads to serious health consequences.

The most common and possible complications:

• androgen deficiency;
• infertility;
• pain in muscles and bone tissue;
• fast fatiguability;
• hypertension;
• hormonal disbalance;
• heart disease;
• insulin resistance;
• metabolic disorders;
• dyspnea;
• fatty liver and heart;
• oncology;
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
• potency - in men, inability to bear a child - in women;
• problems with gallbladder and liver;
• psychosocial disorders;
• diabetes mellitus type II;
• sleep apnea.

As already mentioned, the person himself is primarily to blame for the development of nutritional obesity. By correcting your mistakes in a timely manner (even at stage I) through proper nutrition and sufficient physical activity, you can stop the progression of the disease. But if you start it and don’t take care of your own body and health, the consequences can be irreversible. It is worth considering at least that heart attack, oncology, apnea (frequent complications of this pathology) often lead to death, and psychosocial disorders lead to compulsory treatment in mental health centers.

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The information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. Do not self-medicate.

Obesity of the 2nd degree is already serious!

Hello everyone, my dear friends! I'm with you again. Based on recent comments and questions, I see that you are interested in the topic of obesity. Therefore, today we are discussing stage 2 obesity.

We will answer the following questions:

• What does second degree obesity mean?
• How to calculate grade 2 obesity in women?
• How to lose weight correctly?
• How to fight obesity?
• What should the diet be?
• What should be the physical activity?
• Is it possible to perform herbal medicine?

There are a lot of questions, therefore, let's look at everything in order.

What does stage 2 obesity mean?

After the primary stage of obesity, if certain measures have not been taken, stage 2 obesity occurs. At this level, body fat accounts for more than 30–50% of the total weight of muscle tissue.

Nutritional obesity

With this disease, shortness of breath increases during physical exertion and during prolonged walking. A massive fat fold forms on the abdomen, resembling an apron. This is a disease of housewives and people leading a sedentary lifestyle.

The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases increases. People whose age has exceeded 50 years are more often susceptible to this degree of obesity. Young people, with the exception of pathologies, do not suffer from nutritional obesity.

Exogenous constitutional obesity

This type of obesity differs from others in that it depends entirely on your diet. If you tend to be overweight and eat a lot of fats and sweets, your doctor will give you just such a diagnosis.

When calculating your body mass index, the indicator indicates that you have stage 2 obesity. This type of obesity can be successfully treated.

Visceral obesity

This type is dangerous because fat deposits occur on internal organs. Fat deposits on the heart, liver and around other organs provokes the development of diabetes.

The easiest way to determine whether you have visceral obesity is by measuring your waist circumference.

For women, the waist circumference should be no higher than 80 cm, for men - 95. If your circumference is 88 cm, and your husband’s, for example, 102 cm, you are at risk and you need to take urgent action!

Body BMI for stage 2 obesity

You already know how to calculate body mass index. Let's remember the calculation formula: body weight, expressed in kilograms, divided by the square of a person's height, expressed in centimeters.

The second degree of obesity corresponds to a BMI from 31.10 to 36.0

Signs of second degree obesity

And if you have not determined your body mass index. How can you understand that this is second degree obesity? Everything is simple here.

An increase in fat deposits in the waist area, increased shortness of breath during normal movement, the heart beats faster, profuse sweating - all these are alarming “bells” that you should pay attention to.

But let's not despair, my dears. This can and should be fought!

How to get rid of obesity

I would like to start this section with a question from my reader Larisa:

Unfortunately, most women seek help already at stage 3 of obesity, when the disease is advanced and more difficult to treat. Watch your weight!

Diet for 2nd degree obesity

If you have decided to fight excess weight, let's pay attention to the most important thing - nutrition. You should choose a low-calorie diet. Fats can be eliminated or minimized.

The main diet for second-degree obesity should be vegetable salads and unsweetened fruits, which should preferably be consumed raw or baked.

Don't forget about fasting days: cottage cheese, apple or vegetable. Sample menu Your day should look something like this:

• For the first breakfast, I recommend eating cabbage salad, drinking a mug of tea with milk without sugar;
• eat an apple for second breakfast;
• lunch will consist of a mug of compote and half a serving of vegetable soup;
• For dinner we will prepare a carrot casserole and as a dessert we will eat 100 grams of low-fat cottage cheese.

Exercise for Obesity

You must also understand that without good physical activity, your diet will not be 100% effective. You can exercise on your own or seek advice from a doctor.

The doctor may prescribe physical therapy classes - physical therapy, taking into account the characteristics of your age and general condition health. Exercise therapy for second-degree obesity includes walking, cycling, and swimming. The morning should begin with gymnastics.

If possible, sign up for classes at Gym. Don't be ashamed of your weight. This is why sports complexes were created, so that you visit them!

Herbal medicine for obesity

IN folk medicine There are many herbs that successfully help in the fight against excess weight. Modern nutritionists also recommend the use of herbal medicine for obesity.

There are herbs that reduce appetite, such as angelica officinalis, marshmallow root, and flax seeds. In the stomach, such herbs swell and create a satiating effect.

Diuretic herbs, expelled from the body excess liquid. Such herbs include horsetail and parsley root, lingonberry leaf and knotweed.

Almost always, a complex of herbs for weight loss includes preparations that enhance the basic metabolism in the body.

Do not forget that self-medication is dangerous! Be sure to consult a homeopathic doctor.

Drugs for obesity 2nd degree

Drug treatment of obesity is used only when all previous methods of combating excess weight have been unsuccessful.

Most anti-obesity drugs have many side effects and contraindications. Before use, be sure to consult your doctor.

We will not discuss this method of treating obesity in detail here, since any drug treatment must be strictly under the supervision of the attending physician!

Documentary film: “Understanding the world. Obesity"

Questions from my readers

As usual, I will answer a few questions from my readers.

Conclusion

I hope I answered all your questions regarding second-degree obesity. We calculated the body mass index and drew conclusions. And if at least one point makes you think, then it’s time to schedule a visit to a nutritionist and start fighting excess weight.

Be healthy and beautiful! See you on the pages of my blog!

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In the article we tell you how many hours before FGDS you can’t eat, and how long after the procedure you can. You will learn what foods and drinks doctors do not recommend consuming before and after gastroscopy. Contents of the article How many hours can you not eat before gastroscopy What foods can you not eat How many hours can you drink before gastroscopy What can you not drink How long can you drink?

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Second degree obesity: treatment, diet for stage 2

If you have developed second degree obesity, you need to urgently prescribe treatment to begin weight loss. We will tell you what diet you should follow to lose extra pounds, plus we will explain how to cure a rather popular diagnosis - exogenous constitutional obesity of the 2nd degree.

Obesity is a disease that has negative consequences. It refers to fat deposits in organs, subcutaneous tissue and other tissues. The first sign of pathology is an increase in body weight and adipose tissue by at least 20%. Today there are 4 stages of obesity, while in the first two the situation can still be corrected and excess weight can be lost. According to statistics, today in Russia the number of people suffering from excess weight is increasing.

Second degree obesity

If the disease was not detected at the initial stage and appropriate measures were not taken, then the second degree of obesity occurs. At this stage, the volume of fat deposits ranges from 30 to 50% of the total body weight.

Pathology is identified as a result of a comprehensive examination. At the same time, tests are taken to determine the level of sugar, sex hormone and obesity hormone.

Diagnosis should only be carried out by a doctor who will tell you how many kg and how you can lose it. Although, according to characteristic symptoms You can determine the presence of a problem yourself.

The main signs of 2nd degree obesity are:

• a set of kilograms, while the deviation from the norm will be approximately 30-40%;
• shortness of breath appears even with minor exertion;
• growth of fat deposits in the waist area;
• sweating increases;
• heart rate increases;
• pathological weakness;
• The limbs also swell; this symptom often appears in the summer.

If stage 2 of the disease is diagnosed, then the person may not be bothered by anything. In some cases, a feeling of nervousness, drowsiness may appear, mood changes sharply, appetite increases and stretch marks form on the hips and abdomen.

Treatment of obesity 2nd degree

Treatment of grade 2 excess weight is carried out comprehensively. Moreover, the methods are selected individually in each individual case. Conventionally, the entire course is divided into 2 stages: weight loss and then weight stabilization. Often, drug treatment is prescribed for excess weight.

Treatment of second-degree obesity includes the following steps:

1. A diet is prescribed taking into account lifestyle and individual health status. There should be no strict restrictions. It is important that the diet is as balanced as possible. Diet is the main method. The principle of such nutrition is to reduce the calorie content of dishes, as well as reduce the content of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and increase minerals and vitamins. Experts recommend using small portions, but at the same time eating 5–6 times a day;
2. A physical therapy program is being selected. In this case, all major muscle groups should be involved. Aerobics, cycling, swimming in the pool, running and other sports are often chosen. But it is also contraindicated to exercise a lot; the increase in loads should occur gradually;
3. An important step is the treatment of diseases that were caused by excess weight gain;
4. Additionally, medications are prescribed that promote excess weight loss; their principle of action is to reduce appetite, increase metabolism and absorption of food in the intestines;
5. It is imperative that a patient diagnosed with the second stage of obesity is prescribed psychocorrection. Changing lifestyle is stressful for the body and the person, so the entire period requires specialist supervision. Antidepressants are often prescribed in the form of sedative herbs or tablets;
6. Additionally, therapeutic massage, Charcot shower, breathing exercises, various cosmetic procedures and acupuncture.

Exogenous-constitutional obesity 2 degrees

A fairly common cause of this problem is a hereditary factor. This form is called exogenous-constitutional. At the same time, a person has a predisposition to accumulate fat due to the intake of a large amount of calories. Exogenous constitutional obesity of the 2nd degree is quite simple to treat, because it is not a disease caused by a violation of the hormonal cycle.

In this case, it is necessary first of all to reconsider the diet. Avoid overeating, which is typical for patients with hereditary obesity. In addition, constant physical activity is required; walking should not be neglected, and if driving in transport can be replaced by walking, then this should be done.

Regardless of the form and degree of obesity, it will not go away on its own, so proper treatment is required. Therefore, the effectiveness of therapy depends on the timeliness of contacting a specialist.

Diet for second degree obesity

Reducing the amount of calories consumed is what the diet for second-degree obesity should be aimed at. Thus, the norm per day is 700 – 1800 kcal, it depends on weight and height.

In addition, it is necessary to regulate the use of the following substances, which are presented in the table.

At the initial stage of treatment for second-degree obesity, it is better to start without excessive restrictions (basic diet). At the same time, the dishes should be quite varied so that the desire to break out is minimal.

The menu must be compiled in such a way that it includes everyone necessary vitamins and amino acids. But it is important to exclude flour, sweet, fried, fatty, peppery and salty foods from consumption. Dishes should be prepared by baking, stewing and boiling.

Over time, when results appear after a properly selected diet, you need to introduce fasting days.

When preparing food, to make the diet more effective, first courses should be as liquid as possible. As for main courses, I recommend moving away from the principle of restaurants: you don’t need to use a side dish with protein products, either this or that. Flour, sweets and potatoes are foods that cause weight gain, so they should be completely avoided.

The principle of proper nutrition for second-degree obesity is to:

• limit the amount of fats, carbohydrates and proteins consumed;
• create a feeling of fullness using low-calorie foods;
• form correct mode meals (5-6 times);
• usage fasting days;
• normalize water-salt metabolism by reducing salt intake.

Despite the fact that second-degree obesity is an advanced form, it is not difficult to treat, the main thing is to be patient and motivate yourself. To do this, it is better to keep a diary, which notes not only the food that was consumed during the day, but also the results. Moreover, weight marks are not enough; you also need to indicate the size of your waist, chest, and other things.

By following all the specialist’s instructions (diet, physical activity and giving up bad habits), the weight will go away at a moderate pace.

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Obesity of nutritional origin - its treatment and prevention

With excess food consumption and reduced physical activity, nutritional obesity develops (primary, constitutional - other names for the pathological process). This condition is characterized by incomplete processing and accumulation of fats in the body. Excess fat envelops the internal organs and forms an excess subcutaneous fat layer. This type of disorder must be distinguished from the secondary accumulation of lipids, which occurs against the background of diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems, as well as psychogenic disorders.

The term “obesity” refers to increased accumulation of lipids in the body. An unbalanced diet leads to the accumulation of a large amount of adipose tissue, when high-calorie foods dominate in the diet, and natural healthy food is not enough.

Causes and pathogenesis

Lipid metabolism is a complex mechanism. It involves the endocrine glands, nervous system, and hypothalamus. Energy imbalance in the body is the main cause of obesity. With excessive appetite and insufficient energy expenditure, malfunctions occur in the body. Metabolic rate lags behind the intake of energy-producing foods. Since lipids do not have time to be processed, adipose tissue accumulates.

Factors leading to nutritional-constitutional obesity are divided into endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external).

Internal factors include:

1. Heredity. The likelihood of developing the disease is high when a person has relatives burdened with the disease.
2. Features of the anatomical structure of subcutaneous fat.
3. Lipid metabolism rate.
4. Improper functioning of the hypothalamic centers responsible for hunger and satiety.
5. Hormonal imbalance associated with pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, menopause, menopause.

Among the external factors of nutritional obesity are:

1. Availability of food, its excessive consumption by people of any age category.
2. Reflexes associated with the time of eating and the volume of portions eaten. Some eat stress, others constantly snack on something, and others gorge themselves in the evening, sitting in front of the TV with a plate overflowing with delicious, but completely unhealthy food.
3. National preferences and eating habits. People depend on certain dietary patterns. Their menu consists of a set of dishes that lead to overeating and obesity. They excessively consume fatty foods, salt, carbohydrates, sweets, alcohol, and systematically eat before bed.
4. Factors causing physical inactivity: sedentary work, being in static positions, inactive lifestyle.

Forms

Depending on the location of the adipose tissue, there are:

1. Android. Lipids accumulate in the abdominal area. This is how adipose tissue grows mainly in men. This species has a subtype - visceral. With it, lipids accumulate in the subcutaneous layer of the abdomen and on internal organs.
2. Gynoid. The thighs and lower abdomen are overgrown with adipose tissue. This pathology occurs more often in women.
3. Mixed. Adipose tissue forms in excess throughout the body.

Up to 95% of overweight patients suffer from nutritional obesity.

Stages of the disease

Fat begins to be deposited when the body is unable to completely use up the energy received from food. Doctors distinguish 4 stages of the disease:

1. In the first degree, the amount of fat exceeds the norm by 10-30%.
2. In the second degree, the excess of lipids reaches 31-50%.
3. With the third degree, body fat exceeds 50% and can reach up to 99%.
4. At grade 4, the amount of fat reaches critical levels. They exceed the permissible limit by 100 percent or more.

Diagnostics

Obesity is determined in 3 ways:

1. Measure the thickness of the fold formed on the abdomen. The normal figure is 1.5-2 cm. In the case of constitutional exogenous obesity, this parameter exceeds 2 cm.
2. Measure your waist. The technique is used to determine the abdominal form of the disease. Values ​​not exceeding 88 cm for women and 102 cm for men are recognized as the norm.
3. Body mass index. Let's figure out what BMI is. The criterion is calculated as follows: weight (kg)/height 2 (m). Let's consider an example: height - 167 (1.67), weight 97 kg. With these parameters we get the following index: 97:1.67 2 = 34.78. After calculating BMI, the degree of obesity is diagnosed in accordance with accepted standards.

Table: Determination of the stage of obesity.

Hardware diagnostic methods help to accurately determine the location of fat accumulation, its quantity and percentage:

Symptoms

The main sign of nutritional obesity is increased nutrition and excess weight. Against this background, patients note: underdeveloped muscles, a double chin, enlarged mammary glands, hips in the shape of riding breeches, hanging folds of fat, an umbilical or inguinal hernia.

Signs of stages 1 and 2

Obesity of the 1st degree, and especially the second, is accompanied by functional disorders in the body. In severe forms of the disease, patients suffer from:

Stage 3 and 4 symptoms

Comparing stage 2 obesity with stages 3 and 4, the development of more serious disorders in the body is noted. In patients with severe forms of the disease, the following is detected:

• tachycardia;
• hypertension;
• respiratory failure;
• the appearance of cor pulmonale;
• liver pathologies: cholecystitis, pancreatitis;
• joint pain (especially in the spine, ankles, knee joints);
• disrupted menstruation;
• excessive sweating, leading to skin diseases (eczema, furunculosis, acne);
• stretch marks on the skin of the thighs, abdomen, shoulders;
• hyperpigmentation (occurs in places of increased friction, found in the neck and elbow joint);
• dysfunctions of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Treatment

With nutritional constitutional obesity, deposits are distributed among problem areas of the body. The disease progresses over a long period of time. It is not advisable to treat it with medications. They do not bring a lasting positive effect.

The effects of drugs such as Adiposine, Phenanine and Fepranon promote weight loss. However, the positive results are short-lived as the weight soon returns. Patients are treated with dietary nutrition, psychotherapy, and therapeutic exercises.

Diet

Dietary therapy is a key way to treat this disease. The diet for the patient is prepared by the doctor. In this case, the nutritionist relies on generally accepted principles of healthy eating:

• low-calorie dishes are introduced into the menu (their energy value is calculated taking into account the IMI and the patient’s well-being);
• significantly limit the consumption of fatty and carbohydrate foods;
• introduce dishes from raw vegetables and fruits into the diet;
• It is recommended to consume water in moderation, up to 1.5 liters per day;
• regulate the amount of salt (4-5 g per day);
• spend fasting days: eat only fruits, vegetables or fermented milk products (once every 7 days);
• take multivitamins, healthy food additives (BAS);
• fast in the evening and at night;
• have light snacks between main meals;
• fractional meals are introduced, eaten in small portions;
• refuse harmful foods;
• cleanse the body in safe ways;
• review and adjust eating habits.

You cannot practice diet therapy on your own. The nutrition plan is developed together with the doctor. The nutritionist selects methods of cleansing the body, products for daily nutrition and fasting days, calculates the calorie content of food, and adjusts the prepared diet if necessary.

Physical training

Diet therapy is supported by selecting adequate physical activity. Motor activity is calculated individually, taking into account the patient’s condition and capabilities.

Systematic fat-burning sports activities promote rapid weight loss. Thanks to them, muscle tissue is strengthened, the functioning of the cardiovascular system is improved, the likelihood of concomitant pathologies is reduced, and mood improves.

Psychological rehabilitation

Psychotherapists correct the behavior and eating habits of patients. The psycho-emotional background is restored faster when complex treatment, which includes:

Conditions for such treatment have been created in many sanatoriums, health resorts and resorts. Motivation is important to fight the disease. It is especially relevant when weight is not too critical. It is used to eliminate obesity of the 2nd degree and the first, when irreversible functional disorders have not yet occurred in the body.

Photos are used as motivation. Thanks to them the patient:

• sets a goal by looking at a photo of himself where he was absolutely healthy, he liked his own image;
• compares the changes that occurred in the body during treatment.

When obesity is treated for a long time, excess weight goes away slowly. It is this approach that ensures that the previous body weight does not return. If the treatment course takes 1-3 years, the weight will stabilize. Patients rarely gain back the lost pounds.

Consequences

Obesity causes heart disease and blood vessels. It becomes the impetus for the emergence of pathologies of the respiratory system. Causes digestive upset.

If the pathological process involves the cardiovascular system, occurs:

Subcutaneous fatty tissue that has grown in the abdominal cavity raises the diaphragmatic septum too high. As a result, the lungs lose their ability to function normally. They lose elasticity and shrink unnaturally. An obese patient experiences respiratory failure.

The same factor leads to gastrointestinal disorders in half of overweight patients. They develop liver diseases (up to cirrhosis), biliary tract diseases, gastritis and other ailments of the digestive system.

Endocrine organs are not left out. They are also drawn into the pathological process. Diabetes mellitus often develops against the background of obesity. Obesity leads to joint diseases: arthritis, arthrosis, osteochondrosis.

Because of it, problems arise with the organs of the reproductive system. Fertility and libido decrease, menstruation is disrupted, and women develop polycystic disease. The disease leads to cancer: malignant tumors affect the mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, prostate, and large intestine.

People need to understand that nutritional obesity is a dangerous disease. It leads to serious complications. Not only those who are prone to accumulating excess weight are at risk. Simple things help protect against illness preventive measures: balanced diet, sports, positive emotions.

All information on the site is provided for informational purposes only. If symptoms of the disease occur, consult a specialist.