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The concept of speech etiquette. Speech etiquette formulas

Any act of communication has a beginning, a main part and a final part. If the addressee is unfamiliar to the subject of speech, then communication begins with acquaintance. Moreover, it can occur directly or indirectly. According to the rules of good manners, it is not customary to enter into a conversation with a stranger and introduce yourself. However, there are times when this needs to be done. Etiquette prescribes the following formulas:

Let me get to know you (you).

I would like to meet you (you).

Let me get to know you.

Let me introduce you.

Let's get acquainted.

Let's get to know each other.

It would be nice to meet you.

When visiting the passport office, dormitory, admissions office educational institution, any institution, office, when you have a conversation with an official, you need to introduce yourself to him using one of the formulas:

Let me introduce myself.

My last name is Kolesnikov.

I'm Pavlov.

My name is Yuri Vladimirovich.

Nikolai Kolesnikov.

Anastasia Igorevna.

If the visitor does not identify himself, then the one to whom they came asks himself:

What is your (your) last name?

What is your (your) name, patronymic?

What is your (your) name?

Official and informal meetings of acquaintances, and sometimes strangers, begin with a greeting.

In Russian, the main greeting is hello. It goes back to the Old Slavonic verb zdravstavat, which means “to be sound,” i.e. healthy. In ancient times, the verb “hello” also had the meaning “to greet” (cf.: greet), as evidenced by the text of the “Onega epic”: “How Ilya comes here from Muromets, and long live he to the prince and princess.” Therefore, at the heart of this greeting is a wish for health. The greeting hello is first found in the Letters and Papers of Peter the Great 1688-1701.

Along with this form, a common greeting indicating the time of the meeting is:

Good morning!

Good afternoon

Good evening!

In addition to commonly used greetings, there are greetings that emphasize the joy of meeting, respectful attitude, and the desire to communicate:

- (Very) glad to see (welcome) you!

Let me (let me) welcome you.

Welcome!

My regards.

Among military personnel it is customary to greet with the words:

I wish you good health!

Retired military personnel are recognized by this greeting.

Task 172. Write how you greet your family, friends, teachers, neighbors, director. Write what greetings your loved ones, classmates, neighbors, teachers, and acquaintances greet you with.

Task 173. Write, do you think, is there a relationship between a person’s character, his upbringing, position in society, mood and the greeting formulas that he uses? Give reasons for your answer.

Task 174. Tell me, do the features of the situation or meeting influence the choice of greeting? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Task 175. Look at the greetings and tell me which of them contain additional information and which?

Hello, dear Anatoly Evgenievich!

Hello, Tolik!

Hello!

Great!

Good afternoon

Hi.

Greetings!

I'm glad to welcome you!

Let me welcome you.

What a joy!

What a meeting!

Who do I see!

Bah! Who do I see!

What a surprise!

Is that you?!

The greeting is often accompanied by a handshake, which can even replace a verbal greeting.

However, you should know: if a man and a woman meet, the man must wait until the woman extends her hand to shake, otherwise he only makes a slight bow,

The nonverbal equivalent of a greeting when those meeting are distant from each other is a bow of the head; swaying with hands clenched in the palms, slightly raised and extended forward in front of the chest; for men - a hat slightly raised above the head.

Speech etiquette of greetings also includes the nature of behavior, i.e., the order of greetings. First to greet:

Man - woman;

Younger (younger) in age - older (elder);

A younger woman - a man who is much older than her;

Junior in position - senior;

A member of a delegation is its leader (regardless of whether the delegation is foreign or foreign).

The initial formulas of communication are opposed to the formulas used at the end of communication. These are formulas for parting, stopping communication. They express:

Wish: All the best to you! Goodbye;

Hope for a new meeting: See you this evening (tomorrow, Saturday). I hope we won't be apart for long. Hope to see you soon;

Doubt about the possibility of meeting again; understanding that the separation will be long: Goodbye! It is unlikely that we will be able to meet again. You don’t remember it badly.

After the greeting, a business conversation usually ensues. Speech etiquette provides for several principles that are determined by the situation.

Three situations are most typical: 1) solemn; 2) mournful; 3) working, business.

The first includes public holidays, anniversaries of the enterprise and employees; receiving awards; opening gym; presentation, etc.

For any special occasion or significant event, invitations and congratulations follow. Depending on the situation (official, semi-official, informal), invitations and greeting cliches change.

Invitation:

Let me invite you...

Come to the celebration (anniversary, meeting...), we will be glad (to meet you).

I invite you (you)...

If it is necessary to express uncertainty about the appropriateness of an invitation or uncertainty about the recipient’s acceptance of the invitation, then it is expressed by an interrogative sentence:

I can (can I, can I not, can I, can I not) invite you... Congratulations:

Let me (let me) congratulate you on...

Please accept my (most) heartfelt (warm, ardent, sincere) congratulations...

On behalf of (on behalf of)... congratulations...

From (all) my heart (all my heart) congratulations...

Heartily (warmly) congratulations...

A sad situation is associated with death, death, murder, natural disaster, terrorist attacks, ruin, robbery and other events that bring misfortune and grief.

In this case, condolences are expressed. It should not be dry, official. Formulas of condolences, as a rule, are stylistically elevated and emotionally charged:

Allow me (allow me) to express (to you) my deep (sincere) condolences.

I offer (you) my (accept mine, please accept my) deep (sincere) condolences.

I sincerely (deeply, heartily, with all my heart) condolences to you.

I mourn with you.

I share (understand) your sadness (your grief, misfortune).

The most emotionally expressive expressions are:

What a (great, irreparable, terrible) grief (misfortune) has befallen you!

What a great (irreparable, terrible) loss has befallen you!

What grief (misfortune) has befallen you!

In a tragic, sorrowful or unpleasant situation, people need sympathy and consolation. Etiquette formulas of sympathy and consolation are designed for different occasions and have different purposes.

Consolation expresses empathy:

- (How) I sympathize with you!

- (How) I understand you!

Consolation is accompanied by assurance of a successful outcome:

I (so) sympathize with you, but believe me (but I am so sure) that everything will end well!

Don't despair (don't lose heart). Everything will (still) change (for the better).

Everything will be OK!

All this will change (it will work out, it will pass)! Consolation is accompanied by advice:

There is no need (to) (so) worry (worry, get upset, upset, worry, suffer).

You should not lose your composure (head, restraint).

You need (must) calm down (control yourself, pull yourself together).

You have to hope for the best (get it out of your head).

The listed reasons (invitation, congratulations, condolences, consolation, expression of sympathy) do not always turn into business conversation, sometimes the conversation ends with them.

In everyday business settings (business, work situations), speech etiquette formulas are also used. For example, when summing up the results of the academic year, when determining the results of participation in exhibitions, when organizing various events and meetings, the need arises to thank someone or, conversely, to reprimand or make a remark. At any job, in any organization, someone may have the need to give advice, make a proposal, make a request, express consent, allow, prohibit, or refuse someone.

Here are the speech cliches that are used in these situations.

Expression of gratitude:

Let me (let me) express my (great, great) gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent (excellent) organized exhibition.

The company (directorate, administration) expresses gratitude to all employees (teaching staff) for…

I must express my gratitude to the students of grade 10a for...

Let me (let me) express my great (huge) gratitude...

For the provision of any service, for help, an important message, or a gift, it is customary to thank with the following words:

I am grateful to you for...

- (Big, huge) thank you (you) for...

- (I am) very (so) grateful to you! The emotionality and expressiveness of expressing gratitude is enhanced if you say:

There are no words to express (my) gratitude to you!

I am so grateful to you that it is difficult for me to find words!

You can't imagine how grateful I am to you!

My gratitude has no (knows) no limits!

Advice, suggestion:

Often people, especially those in power, consider it necessary to express their proposals and advice in a categorical form:

All (you) must (must)…

You should definitely do this...

Advice and suggestions expressed in this form are similar to an order or instruction and do not always give rise to a desire to follow them, especially if the conversation takes place between colleagues of the same rank. Inducement to action by advice or suggestion can be expressed in a delicate, polite or neutral form:

Let me (let me) give you advice (advise you)…

Let me offer you...

- (I) want (I would like, I would like) to advise (offer) you...

I would advise (suggest) you...

I advise (suggest) you...

Making a request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive ingratiation:

Do me a favor and fulfill (my) request...

If it's not difficult for you (it won't be difficult for you)...

Don't think it's too much trouble, please take it...

- (Can) I ask you...

- (Please), (I beg you) allow me.... The request can be expressed with some categoricalness:

I urgently (convincingly, very) ask you (you)...

Consent and permission are formulated as follows:

- (Now, immediately) will be done (completed).

Please (I allow, I don’t object).

I agree to let you go.

I agree, do (do) as you see fit.

When refusing, the following expressions are used:

- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to help (allow, assist)…

- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to fulfill your request.

It is currently not possible to do this.

Understand, now is not the time to ask (make such a request),

Sorry, but we (I) cannot (can) fulfill your request.

I am forced to prohibit (refuse, not allow).

An important component of speech etiquette is a compliment. Said tactfully and at the right time, it lifts the mood of the recipient and sets him up for a positive attitude towards his opponent. A compliment is said at the beginning of a conversation, during a meeting, acquaintance, or during a conversation, when parting. A compliment is always nice. Only an insincere compliment, a compliment for the sake of a compliment, an overly enthusiastic compliment are dangerous.

The compliment refers to appearance, testifies to the excellent professional abilities of the addressee, his high morality, gives an overall positive assessment:

You look good (excellent, wonderful, excellent, magnificent, young).

You are (so, very) charming (smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical).

You are a good (excellent, wonderful, excellent) partner (companion).

You know how to lead (manage) people well (excellently) and organize them.

Task 176. Play out the proposed role-playing situations. When discussing a completed task, pay attention to the behavior of its participants, their facial expressions, gestures, intonation, and compliance with etiquette and speech rules.

a) You are an 11th grade student. You need to make a request to the director, teacher, one of the parents, or a friend.

b) You are the chairman of the youth organization “Tourist”. A classmate of yours, an unfamiliar young man (girl), a master of sports, a representative of the Sport company, has come to you.

c) You are an administration employee. You need to ask by phone:

Veterans of the Great Patriotic War take part in the celebration;

A university scientist gives a lecture at a college;

The head of the company will help improve the sports ground.

The basis of speech etiquette is speech formulas, the nature of which depends on the characteristics of communication.

Any act of communication has a beginning, a main part and a final part. In this regard, speech etiquette formulas are divided into three main groups: 1) speech formulas related to the beginning of communication; 2) speech formulas used at the end of communication; 3) speech formulas characteristic of the main part of communication. Let's look at what each group is.

1. Start of communication. If the addressee is unfamiliar to the subject of speech, then communication begins with acquaintance. Moreover, it can occur directly or indirectly. According to the rules of good manners, it is not customary to enter into a conversation with a stranger and introduce yourself. However, there are times when this needs to be done. Etiquette prescribes the following formulas:

- Let me get to know you (you).

-I would like to meet you (you).

-Let me get to know you.

-Let's get acquainted.

When visiting an institution, office, office, when you have a conversation with an official and you need to introduce yourself to him, the following formulas are used:

- Let me introduce myself.

- My last name is Kolesnikov.

-Anastasia Igorevna.

Official and informal meetings of acquaintances, and sometimes strangers, begin with greetings. In Russian the main greeting is Hello. It goes back to the Old Slavonic verb hello, which means “to be sound”, i.e. healthy. Along with this form, a common greeting indicating the time of the meeting is: Good morning!; Good afternoon!; Good evening!

In addition to commonly used greetings, there are greetings that emphasize the joy of meeting, respectful attitude, and the desire to communicate: (I am very glad to see you!; Welcome!; My regards.

2. End of communication. When the conversation ends, the interlocutors use formulas separation, termination communication. They express a wish (All the best to you! Goodbye!); hope for a new meeting (Until the evening (tomorrow, Saturday). I hope we will not be apart for long. I hope to see you soon); doubt about the possibility of meeting again (Farewell! It’s unlikely that we’ll be able to meet again. Don’t remember it badly).

3. After the greeting, a business conversation usually begins. Speech etiquette provides for several principles that are determined by the situation. Three situations are most typical: 1) solemn; 2) mournful; 3) working, business.

The first includes public holidays, anniversaries of the enterprise and employees; receiving awards; opening an office, store; presentation; conclusion of an agreement, contract, etc.

For any special occasion or significant event, invitations and congratulations follow. Depending on the situation (official, semi-official, informal), invitations and greeting cliches change.

Invitation:Let me (let me) invite you...;

Come to the celebration (anniversary, meeting...), we will be glad to see you,”

Congratulation:Please accept my (most) heartfelt (warm, ardent, sincere) congratulations...; On behalf of (on behalf of)… congratulations…; Heartily (warmly) congratulations...

A sad situation is associated with death, death, murder and other events that bring misfortune and grief.

In this case it is expressed condolences. It should not be dry, official. Formulas of condolences, as a rule, are stylistically elevated and emotionally charged: Allow me (allow me) to express (to you) my deep (sincere) condolences. I offer (you) my (accept mine, please accept my) deep (sincere) condolences. I share (understand) your sadness (your grief, misfortune).

The listed beginnings (invitation, congratulations, condolences, expressions of sympathy) do not always turn into business communication, sometimes the conversation ends with them.

In everyday business settings (business, work situations), speech etiquette formulas are also used. For example, when summing up the results of work, when determining the results of selling goods or participating in exhibitions, when organizing various events, meetings, the need arises to thank someone or, conversely, to reprimand or make a remark. At any job, in any organization, someone may have the need to give advice, make a proposal, make a request, express consent, allow, prohibit, or refuse someone.

Let's give speech clichés, which are used in these situations.

Expression of gratitude:Let me (let me) express my (great, great) gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent (excellent) organized exhibition; The company (directorate, administration) expresses gratitude to all employees for…

Note, warning:The company (directorate, board, editorial office) is forced to issue a (serious) warning (remark)…; To (great) regret (chagrin), I must (force) make a remark (condemn) ...

Often people, especially those in power, consider it necessary to express their suggestions, advice in a categorical manner; All (you) are obliged (must)...; I strongly (persistently) advise (suggest) to do...

Advice and suggestions expressed in this form are similar to orders or instructions and do not always give rise to a desire to follow them, especially if the conversation takes place between colleagues of the same rank.

Handling request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive ingratiation: Do me a favor, fulfill (my) request...; Don’t consider it a labor, please take it...

Consent, permission is formulated as follows:

- (Now, immediately) will be done (completed).

-I agree, do (do) as you think.

In case of failure expressions used:

- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to help (allow, assist).

-Sorry, but we (I) cannot (can) fulfill your request.

-I am forced to prohibit (refuse, not allow).

An important component of speech etiquette is compliment. Said tactfully and at the right time, it lifts the mood of the recipient and sets him up for a positive attitude towards his opponent. A compliment is said at the beginning of a conversation, during a meeting, acquaintance, or during a conversation, when parting. A compliment is always nice. Only an insincere compliment, a compliment for the sake of a compliment, an overly enthusiastic compliment are dangerous.

The compliment refers to appearance, indicates the recipient’s excellent professional abilities, his high morality, and gives an overall positive assessment:

- You look good (excellent, wonderful, excellent, magnificent, young).

-You are (so, very) charming (smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical).

- You are a good (excellent, wonderful, excellent specialist (economist, manager, entrepreneur, partner).

WITH It’s a pleasure (good, excellent) to do business with you (work, cooperate).

Short description

Russian speech etiquette is one of the components of national culture, which bears the brunt of preserving the Russian ethnicity and statehood. Both the revival and legislative consolidation of the rules of Russian etiquette and speech etiquette, including should become a priority task of the state and society in the near future. After all, this will be a huge and fundamental step in the revival of Russia as one of the pillars of world culture and civilization, on the other hand, it will be a great contribution to the preservation and development of the Russian ethnic group and state.
The purpose of the work is to study etiquette formulas in Russian speech.

Introduction
Chapter 1. The concept of speech etiquette
Chapter 2. Etiquette formulas of speech
2.1Formula of gratitude
2.2 Apology formulas
Greeting formulas
Farewell formulas
2.5Formula of proposal, invitation and advice
Formulas of consent or refusal; permissions or prohibitions
Request formulas
Conclusion
Bibliography

Contents of the work - 1 file

And again continuity is alive in us,

And from the old best wishes

Our Russian words are hidden.

It is from this ancient Russian wish “God bless” that the word “thank you” was born - one of the most common etiquette words in the Russian language. And in what life situation do we use it? Of course, in a situation of gratitude.

Finding out lexical meaning the word “gratitude”, I turned to S.I.’s dictionary. Ozhegova. “Gratitude is a feeling of gratitude to someone for the kindness and attention they have shown.”

Special etiquette words that exist in the Russian language help us express this feeling: thank you very much, thank you, very grateful. I named 3 expressions. Is it a lot or a little?

I have observed how words of gratitude are used in the lives around us.

First observation. “Using words of gratitude in public transport.”

People give thanks in the following cases: a) the driver sold a ticket, b) someone gave up their seat to someone, c) they transferred money for a ticket through someone. Most often they use the word “thank you”, sometimes “thank you”. Unfortunately, often people do not thank you for the service.

Second observation. “The use of words of gratitude at our university of technology and design (in the wardrobe, buffet, library).”

The result coincides with the previous observation. The feeling of gratitude is most often expressed by the words “thank you” and “thank you very much”

Third observation. “Using words of gratitude in the store.”

The interaction in the store made a depressing impression on me. I almost never heard anyone thank the seller. Apparently, they believe that sellers do not deserve words of gratitude. They are being rude.

Speech etiquette researcher N.I. Formanovskaya offers 28 words and expressions with which a person can thank another: Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. I sincerely thank (grateful). Let me thank you. I am very grateful to you. I owe you a lot. I have no words to thank you enough. How grateful I am to you. My gratitude knows no bounds. I want to thank you. You are very kind. I am touched by your attention. It is very kind of you. You helped me out so much.

A situation of gratitude does not arise out of nowhere. After all, they thank you for something, for some service. There are three main components to a situation of gratitude:

the person being thanked;
a person who gives thanks;
service.

2.2. Apology formulas

An apology is a verbal atonement for a wrongdoing. A communicative attitude is a verbal expression of a request for forgiveness, an apology for something, atonement for some action.

There may be more or less guilt.

An apology for a minor offense is expressed by the formula Sorry! or Sorry!, as well as the short Guilty. Sometimes we add Please to Sorry, Sorry.

If the wine is too big, instead of Sorry, we use Sorry.

In addition, apology formulas precede those remarks with which one of the speakers wants to draw attention to his position, interrupting the interlocutor or contradicting him. An apology in this case mitigates the impossibility of agreement.

In a situation requiring an apology, the parties are equal in social roles. An apology is realized more quickly and naturally in the speech of a more educated, intelligent person. In a communication situation between a boss and a subordinate, it is necessary to remember that the apology should sound absolutely sincere and natural. Otherwise, it may be interpreted as irony and an attempt to “put in place” a communication partner.

The low level of culture of the speaker is revealed by the phrases I apologize, We ask for an apology, etc. To visualize the illiteracy of such remarks, you can compare the concepts of Apologizing, Washing, Dressing, etc.

Often people who are approached with words of apology are lost and react with slurred remarks or simply a nod of the head. However, every form of apology implies an adequate response: It’s okay! Everything is fine! No way, nothing! I hope we understand each other. I accept your apology. I myself was not too right... etc.[

Official business communication does not allow remarks or reactions with a hint of dejection: Come on! Well, it happens! Well, so be it! Well, what can you do with you! etc.

N.I. Formanovskaya offers words and expressions with which a person can ask for forgiveness: Sorry! Excuse me, please! Sorry! Please forgive me... I apologize... Sorry, I would like to clarify... Please forgive me... Sorry for being late. I'm sorry, did I understand you correctly? You are right, I apologize! Let me apologize (to you). I think I need to apologize for... Forgive me, please, it was unintentional!

2.3. Greeting formulas

Greetings and addresses set the tone for the entire conversation. Depending on the social role of the interlocutors, the degree of their closeness, you-communication or you-communication is chosen and, accordingly, greetings hello or hello, good afternoon (evening, morning), hello, fireworks, greetings, etc. The communication situation also plays an important role.

The communicative attitude of a greeting is to express a desire to make contact, good intentions towards the interlocutor. Etymologically, Russian Hello(te) means a wish for health. Usually this phrase is complemented by a handshake (if the interlocutors already know each other or are introduced to each other) and an open, sincere smile.

Greetings in the forms Hello, Hello necessarily indicate your desire to conduct a conversation in You or You. In cases where social or situational roles are not sufficiently conditioned or clear, it is better to use neutral forms of Good morning. Good afternoon, Greetings and others.

The use of certain verbal greeting formulas correlates with social status, level of intelligence, age and professional characteristics interlocutors. Older people use formulas. Greetings! Let me welcome you! I am glad to welcome you. Regardless of individual characteristics, all business people actively use neutral Good Morning formulas. Good afternoon good evening.

After saying a greeting, it is customary to add certain expressions that enhance the situational load of these words. If the negotiations are of a neutral business nature, in a narrow circle, you can express your friendly attitude towards the interlocutor (interlocutors) with the formulas: (Very) glad to see you! How are you doing? Anything new? How are you doing? How is your health? (How are you feeling?)

Naturally, such a greeting presupposes an appropriate response. Usually these answers, like the questions, are only formal. Etiquette formula How are you? does not at all imply the desire of the interlocutor to listen to a detailed account of the personal affairs of the other. And the answer is Everything is fine or friendly and relaxed. Normal does not mean complete order 100% of the time. However, in a business conversation, it is considered tactless to occupy time with the details of your personal experiences or problems. The exception is situations in which you must explain to your partner the reason for your poor condition (loss, illness of loved ones, serious problems with your own health), so that he can take this fact into account in further communication.

According to the situation and the level of trust in the relationship, typical answers to a greeting question can be: Everything, as usual; Nothing new; Thank you, everything is OK; Neither good nor bad; Unfortunately, there is nothing to brag about; As if nothing; I wish it was better... etc.

There are many ways to show attention to a person:

Hello! Good health! Fiery hello! Let me welcome you! Who do I see! My regards! Hello honest company! Long time no see! You are welcome! General fireworks! Welcome! Glad to see you! I warmly welcome you! Good morning! Hello, brother! Easy to remember! Greetings! My regards! I wish you good health! Hello! Bread and salt! Good evening!

2.4. Farewell formulas

The farewell formula is pronounced at the end of the conversation. Thus, the communicative attitude is to complete negotiations in a manner that corresponds to the results of business communication in a specific situation. In business communication, even the most neutral farewell formula can take on a certain meaning depending on the content and results of the negotiations.

Usually the first to say goodbye is the one who initiated the meeting at a strictly agreed time. If negotiations are continued by their initiator, this is a sign of his special interest in the affairs of partners and companies. In negotiations between a representative of any company and its client, it is necessary, having clearly and briefly discussed all the details of business problems, at the same time (if possible) to give a “signal” for the end of the meeting, choosing the necessary remarks for this.

Farewell formulas in certain cases are preceded by gratitude, apology, compliment, etc.: Thank you for helping me. Best wishes! Sorry for taking up a lot of your time. Sorry, I can't keep you longer. I'm sorry for distracting you from your business. Thanks for the valuable advice, thanks for listening!

Each language has its own fund of etiquette formulas for farewell. Their composition in Russian is most fully described by A.A. Akishina and N.I. Formanovskaya.

Modern Russian farewell formulas

(according to A.A. Akishina and N.I. Formanovskaya)

	Using formulas
Goodbye!	In any situation
Best wishes! All the best!	In any situation with a hint of wishes
See you!	Instead of “goodbye” when an arranged meeting is expected
Farewell!	When saying goodbye for a long time or forever
Good night! Good night!	Goodbye for the night
Happily!	Relaxed, friendly
Total! Bye!	Friendly with a touch of familiarity. Used by well-known and close people, more often among young people
Be there! Be!	Roughly reduced, unliterary
Let me say goodbye! Let me say goodbye!	Official
Allow me to take my leave! Let me take my leave!	Official, used by older people

When parting, wishes are also accepted: I wish you good luck, success!, and to the departing person: Have a safe journey! Good morning!

2.5. Formulas for proposal, invitation and advice

A proposal, invitation, advice in its linguistic expression is similar to a request.

A request and an invitation are focused on the interests of the addressee, while advice and an offer are more related to the interests of the addressee.

The communicative attitude is to direct the addressee’s actions in the right direction. To predetermine the normative performance of any action or to warn against something. Thus, all of the listed situations of speech etiquette relate to influencing, imperative ones.

This determines the similarity of the phrase structure both when asking and when giving advice. On the one hand: Please bring me a cup of coffee; on the other hand, please put on a warm scarf.

The internal, semantic similarity of situations determines the similarity of other phrases. Just as I ask... and I advise..., we say: I invite you..., I offer you..., I want to (survey, advise, invite, offer). Stylistically elevated expressions are Allow (to invite, offer) and Let (to offer, advise).

Advice, invitations, and suggestions expressed in interrogative form are very polite: Can I (offer...)? Can I (advise...)? Isn't it possible...? Is it possible...?

Invitations and permission to enter the premises are also varied: Please come in, Come in, You are welcome, Make yourself at home.

2.6. Formulas of consent or refusal; permissions or prohibitions

Often we need to express agreement or refusal, permission or prohibition to do something. Consent, like permission, is unlikely to offend our interlocutor, but refusal and prohibition require special tact.

Consent is given: With pleasure! And with joy!, and permission is expressed Please. We agree: Okay, I'll do it! Undoubtedly! Necessarily! What doubts can there be, What kind of question (this is for a friend).

Refusal is a more complex speech act from the point of view of etiquette: you need to make sure that the interlocutor is not offended. For this purpose, the tongue has special emollients.

We express our regret that we cannot fulfill the request, respond to the proposal: Unfortunately, I cannot...; It's a pity, but...; I would love to, but...; I would love to, but...; It’s awkward for me to refuse, but...; I would be glad to allow it, but... .

If a request outrages us, then we exclaim: No, no and no again!!! It's out of the question! Under no circumstances! In no case! Never!

- Let me get to know you.

- I would like to meet you (you).

- Let me get to know you.

- Let me introduce you.

- Let's get acquainted.

- It would be nice to meet you.

When visiting a passport office, a dormitory, the admissions office of an educational institution, any institution, or an office, when you have a conversation with an official, you need to introduce yourself to him using one of the formulas:

- Allow me to introduce myself.

— My last name is Kolesnikov.

- I'm Pavlov.

— My name is Yuri Vladimirovich.

- Nikolai Kolesnikov.

- Anastasia Igorevna.

If the visitor does not identify himself, then the one to whom they came asks himself:

- What is your (your) last name?

- What is your (your) name, patronymic?

- What is your (your) name?

Official and informal meetings of acquaintances, and sometimes strangers, begin with a greeting.

Along with this form, a common greeting indicating the time of the meeting is:

- Good morning!

- Good afternoon!

- Good evening!

In addition to commonly used greetings, there are greetings that emphasize the joy of meeting, respectful attitude, and the desire to communicate:

- (Very) glad to see (greet) you!

- Let me (let me) greet you.

- Welcome!

- My regards.

Among military personnel it is customary to greet with the words:

- I wish you good health!

Retired military personnel are recognized by this greeting.

The greeting is often accompanied by a handshake, which can even replace a verbal greeting.

However, you should know: if a man and a woman meet, the man must wait until the woman extends her hand to shake, otherwise he only makes a slight bow,

Speech etiquette of greetings also includes the nature of behavior, i.e., the order of greetings. First to greet:

- man - woman;

- younger (younger) in age - older (elder);

- a younger woman - a man who is much older than her;

- junior in position - senior;

- a member of the delegation - its leader (regardless of whether it is a local or foreign delegation).

The initial formulas of communication are opposed to the formulas used at the end of communication. These are formulas for parting, stopping communication. They express:

— wish: All the best to you! Goodbye;

- hope for a new meeting: See you in the evening (tomorrow, Saturday). I hope we won't be apart for long. I hope to see you soon;

- doubt about the possibility of meeting again; understanding that the separation will be long: Goodbye! It is unlikely that we will be able to meet again. You don’t remember it badly.

After the greeting, a business conversation usually ensues. Speech etiquette provides for several principles that are determined by the situation.

Three situations are most typical: 1) solemn; 2) mournful; 3) working, business.

The first includes public holidays, anniversaries of the enterprise and employees; receiving awards; opening of a gym; presentation, etc.

For any special occasion or significant event, invitations and congratulations follow. Depending on the situation (official, semi-official, informal), invitations and greeting cliches change.

Invitation:

- Allow me to invite you...

- Come to the holiday (anniversary, meeting...), we will be glad (to meet you).

- I invite you (you)...

If it is necessary to express uncertainty about the appropriateness of the invitation or uncertainty about the recipient's acceptance of the invitation, then it is expressed interrogative sentence:

- I can (can I, can’t I, can I, can I not) invite you... Congratulations:

- Let me (let me) congratulate you on...

— Please accept my (most) heartfelt (warm, ardent, sincere) congratulations...

— On behalf of (on behalf of)... congratulations...

— From (all) my heart (all my heart) congratulations...

— Heartily (warmly) congratulations...

A sad situation is associated with death, death, murder, natural disaster, terrorist attacks, ruin, robbery and other events that bring misfortune and grief.

In this case, condolences are expressed. It should not be dry, official. Formulas of condolences, as a rule, are stylistically elevated and emotionally charged:

- Allow me (allow me) to express (to you) my deep (sincere) condolences.

— I bring (to you) my (accept mine, please accept my) deep (sincere) condolences.

- I sincerely (deeply, heartily, with all my heart) condolences to you.

- I grieve with you.

- I share (understand) your sadness (your grief, misfortune).

The most emotionally expressive expressions are:

- What a (great, irreparable, terrible) grief (misfortune) has befallen you!

- What a great (irreparable, terrible) loss befell you!

- What grief (misfortune) has befallen you!

In a tragic, sorrowful or unpleasant situation, people need sympathy and consolation. Etiquette formulas of sympathy and consolation are designed for different occasions and have different purposes.

Consolation expresses empathy:

- (How) I sympathize with you!

- (How) I understand you!

Consolation is accompanied by assurance of a successful outcome:

- I (so) sympathize with you, but believe me (but I’m so sure) that everything will end well!

- Don't fall into despair (don't lose heart). Everything will (still) change (for the better).

- Everything will be OK!

- All this will change (it will work out, it will pass)! Consolation is accompanied by advice:

- There is no need (to) (so) worry (worry, get upset, upset, worry, suffer).

- You must not lose your composure (head, restraint).

- You need (need) to calm down (control yourself, pull yourself together).

- You have to hope for the best (get it out of your head).

The listed beginnings (invitation, congratulations, condolences, consolation, expression of sympathy) do not always turn into business communication, sometimes the conversation ends with them.

Here are the speech cliches that are used in these situations.

Expression of gratitude:

— Allow me (allow me) to express (great, great) gratitude to Nikolai Petrovich Bystrov for the excellent (excellent) organized exhibition.

— The company (directorate, administration) expresses gratitude to all employees (teaching staff) for...

— I must express my gratitude to the students of grade 10a for...

- Allow me to express my great (enormous) gratitude...

For the provision of any service, for help, an important message, or a gift, it is customary to thank with the following words:

- I am grateful to you for...

- (Big, huge) thank you (you) for...

- (I am) very (so) grateful to you! The emotionality and expressiveness of expressing gratitude is enhanced if you say:

— There are no words to express (my) gratitude to you!

“I am so grateful to you that it is difficult for me to find words!”

“You can’t imagine how grateful I am to you!”

— My gratitude has no (knows) no limits!

Advice, suggestion:

Often people, especially those in power, consider it necessary to express their proposals and advice in a categorical form:

- Everyone (you) is obliged (must)...

- You should definitely do this...

- Let me (let me) give you advice (advise you)...

- Let me offer you...

- (I) want (I would like, I would like) to advise (offer) you...

- I would advise (suggest) you...

- I advise (suggest) you...

Making a request should be delicate, extremely polite, but without excessive ingratiation:

- Do me a favor, fulfill (my) request...

- If it’s not difficult for you (it won’t be difficult for you)...

- Don’t think it’s too much trouble, please take it...

- (Can) I ask you...

- (Please), (I beg you) allow me.... The request can be expressed with some categoricalness:

- I urgently (convincingly, very) ask you (you)...

Consent and permission are formulated as follows:

- (Now, immediately) will be done (completed).

- Please (I allow, I don’t mind).

- I agree to let you go.

- I agree, do (do) as you see fit.

When refusing, the following expressions are used:

- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to help (allow, assist)...

- (I) cannot (unable, unable) to fulfill your request.

— Currently, this (to do) is impossible.

- Understand, now is not the time to ask (make such a request),

- Sorry, but we (I) cannot (can) fulfill your request.

- I am forced to prohibit (refuse, not allow).

The compliment refers to appearance, indicates the recipient’s excellent professional abilities, his high morality, and gives an overall positive assessment:

- You look good (excellent, wonderful, excellent, magnificent, young).

- You are (so, very) charming (smart, quick-witted, resourceful, reasonable, practical).

- You are a good (excellent, wonderful, excellent) partner (companion).

— You know how to lead (manage) people well (excellently), organize them.

Vvedenskaya L.A. Culture of speech - Rostov n/d., 2001.

Vtorygina Eva

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VI city conference

"Step into the Future"

School teaching and research conference

"Open World"

Linguistic and regional studies section

Etiquette formulas of speech in Russian

Work completed:

Vtorygina Eva Artemovna

5a grade student

MBOU secondary school No. 14

Supervisor

Pyatovskaya Maria Vyacheslavovna

Teacher of Russian language and literature

Arkhangelsk

year 2013

Introduction. p.3
Main part. p.4

2.1.What is etiquette? p.4

2.2. Classification of etiquette formulas. p.5

2.3. History of some etiquette formulas. p.5

2.4. Popular greeting and farewell formulas. p.8

3. Conclusion. p.9

4. Bibliography. p.10

5. Applications. p.11

Introduction.

Instantly, by their speech, they recognized

That the princess was received...

A.S. Pushkin

The great Russian poet very accurately noted that by a person’s speech one can understand a lot about him. You can buy new clothes, change your hairstyle, but speech and its features always remain with us. We communicate every day in the family, at work, at school, in transport. Life modern man without conversation is impossible. When communicating, people convey information to each other, ask each other about something, encourage them to do something. But before moving on to the exchange of information, it is necessary to enter into verbal contact, and this is done by certain rules, which are regulated by speech etiquette - the system that has developed in language and speech set expressions, used in situations of establishing and maintaining contact. We hardly notice these rules, we don’t think about the meaning of such expressions and the situations of their use.

I became interested in what etiquette formulas exist in the Russian language, in what situations they are used, and how they appeared in our language.

The purpose of my work:studying etiquette formulas of speech in Russian.

Tasks:

Study the concepts of etiquette, speech etiquette, etiquette formulas.

Consider the classification of speech etiquette formulas and identify the most popular of them.

Get acquainted with the history of Russian speech etiquette.

Using a survey, determine popular greeting and farewell formulas.

Main part.

What is etiquette?

The requirements of modern etiquette have evolved over many centuries of the history of civilizations and are based on a healthy sense, a sense of beauty and order.

The norms of etiquette boil down to the basic rule: strictly, everywhere and in everything, respect society as a whole and each person individually. Treat people the way you treat yourself and want others to treat you.

In the Russian language, the concept of “etiquette” began to be included at the beginning of the 18th century, although a statement of the rules of behavior accepted in Rus' can be found both in the “Instruction” of Vladimir Monomakh and in “Domostroy”, a literary monument of the 16th century. “Domostroy” is a set of rules of behavior.

What is etiquette?

Etiquette - this is the order of behavior established in society, which includes a set of behavioral rules that regulate the external manifestations of human relationships: in communication with others, addresses and greetings, behavior in in public places, manners and appearance of a person.

The components of etiquette are:

Good manners,

Appearance,

A culture of speech.

Very important aspect speech is a person’s daily behavior in communicating with other people, his ability to speak politely, that is, observing the rules of speech etiquette. Russian speech etiquette is unusually rich. It includes a huge number of words and expressions that can be used in a wide variety of speech situations. Every person should know these etiquette formulas and be able to use them correctly in their speech.

Politeness and friendliness are the strength of speech etiquette. We don’t know the person yet, but now he speaks, and, literally from the first sentences, we can determine whether he is a cultured person. There are no specialized categories of politeness in the Russian language, i.e. special words emphasizing respect and respect for the interlocutor, but there are many “magic words”: hello, please, excuse me, thank you, etc. On this occasion, the words of Cervantes are widely known: “Nothing costs us so little or is valued so dearly as politeness.” A person must maintain a culture of talking to people and reaching out to them.

Manifestations of rudeness are varied. This is arrogance, and arrogance, and arrogance, this is an insult, causing offense... A correct, and sometimes emphatically polite answer, as a rule, puts the rude person in his place. Thus, speech etiquette serves as an effective remedy against verbal aggression, and friendliness is one of the main conditions for the success of communication and the effectiveness of speech.

Every day we say hello and goodbye, ask someone and apologize. And in all these situations, our constant companions are “magic words” - words of speech etiquette. Several etiquette formulas can be distinguished: greeting, farewell, apology, gratitude, congratulation, wish, appeal, acquaintance, sympathy, condolences, request, refusal, invitation, advice, compliment.

History of some etiquette formulas.

Why did people invent greetings? Why do they greet each other? After all, with these words they say practically nothing to each other. You said to the person you met: “Hello!” Is it a lot or a little? On the one hand, there seems to be little: after all, no new information was transmitted. But, on the other hand, everyone knows how unpleasantly it affects us and even hurts us the absence of a greeting. Language has absorbed and carries all forms of friendly attitude towards another person. And it starts with a greeting. You open your eyes, see your mother, and the first thing you hear is “Good morning!” And throughout the day you keep saying: “Hello! Good afternoon Hello!"

The rich vocabulary and phraseological composition of Russian polite manners has been formed over the centuries on an original Russian basis, although not without influence from Western European speech culture.

We are now taking a formal approach to this. He nodded, said “hello”, “salute”, “ciao” and moved on. We began to treat this as a formula: I see you - and I see you, I know you - and I know you. We have lost the element of desirability in greetings. But a greeting is a wish.

Our “hello” means “be healthy,” so it is an imperative form. How many times in our lives have we uttered this word, the most common and common Russian interjection of greeting when meeting! But hardly anyone thought about its original and original meaning. Now it is a simple sign of politeness for us. Meanwhile, the original meaning of this word was deeply benevolent.

The word “kiss” once had the same greeting meaning. The usual semantics of this word (= kiss) arose in it later, in connection with the custom of not only greeting, but also kissing when meeting. Literally, kissing means “wanting to be whole, unharmed, healthy.” "Hello!" This etiquette word - an indispensable attribute of a telephone conversation - entered the language and our lives along with the telephone. Many believe that it comes from the English hello - “hello” and is sometimes used in the form of “hello” in our country. But the history of the “telephone” word is connected with the French allo, which was formed in the 70s of the 19th century from the interjection allons - “well”, which, in turn, goes back to the French verb aller - “to go”. So it turns out that the greeting hello literally means “let’s go, let’s go.”

There are dozens of greeting methods in Russian: Fiery hello! Good health! Let me welcome you! Hello)! Who do I see! My regards! Hello honest company! Ours for you with a brush! Long time no see! You are welcome! Welcome! Firework! Hello, brother! Easy to remember! Greetings from old boots! My regards! Bread and salt! Glad to see you! Good morning! I wish you good health! Hello! and so on. It is imperative to use a time-tested set of greetings. You cannot use colloquial greetings like: “hello”, “salutik”, “ours to you”, etc.

When parting and saying goodbye, according to custom, there are also unique greetings. They are called parting words. They originate from ancient times, when they were almost spells, for example, “the path is like a gulley,” “neither fluff nor feather,” etc. Now the parting words have been simplified: “Goodbye”, “All the best”, “Farewell”, “I wish you a good journey”, “You will be healthy”.

The interjection “yet” is part of the group of “farewell” words that are used in colloquial speech. It comes from the adverb so far, which is a contraction of the old “for now.” And this word, in turn, arose as a result of the fusion of parts of the phrase “po ka place” (po is a preposition, ka is a short pronoun meaning “what”).

The word “farewell” is the former imperative form of the verb to forgive, having an “excuseful” meaning. Originally, farewell meant “sorry (if something is wrong).” This meaning is felt in the word in the phraseological unit “farewell, do not remember sadly.”

The rudely familiar “adyu” (“goodbye, goodbye”) came to us in the 19th century from French, where it arose as a result of the merger of the preposition a and the noun dieu “God,” and therefore literally means “with God, goodbye, goodbye.”

Finding out the lexical meaning of the word “gratitude,” I turned to the Big Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. “Gratitude is a feeling of gratitude to someone for the kindness and attention they have shown.”

And special etiquette words that exist in the Russian language help us express this feeling: thank you very much, thank you, I am very grateful. I owe you a lot. I have no words to thank you enough. How grateful I am to you. My gratitude knows no bounds. I want to thank you. You are very kind. I am touched by your attention. It is very kind of you. You helped me out so much.

The original noble meaning of some etiquette words has already been lost or is being lost. For example, one of the most common etiquette words of gratitude in the Russian language, “thank you,” was born from the ancient Russian wish “God bless.” It is necessary to learn to give thanks, because thanking a person at the right moment means giving him a drop of joy. It’s not for nothing that the word “gratitude” has two roots. To give thanks means to give a benefit, i.e. give good things to people.

An important role in Russian speech etiquette formulas of request and invitation play. The most commonly used word in the Russian language to express a request is the “magic” word. Please . It is formed from a combination of the words “perhaps” and “a hundred” (perhaps - show mercy, attention; hundred - according to some scientists, an abbreviation of the word sovereign).

It is not always possible to fulfill a request or accept an invitation, so polite, well-mannered people refuse in such a way as not to offend or insult the dignity of a person, explain the reason for their refusal, and apologize. The inability to fulfill the request of your interlocutor usually causes a feeling of awkwardness, so the refusal itself should combine politeness and persuasiveness. In Russian speech etiquette there are special expressions with the help of which refusal is softened. These are, first of all, introductory words with the meaning of doubt, regret, reflection: maybe, perhaps, probably, unfortunately, etc. We express our regret that we cannot fulfill the request, respond to the proposal: Unfortunately, I cannot…. The main thing is that these expressions comply with speech etiquette and do not offend the dignity of the addressee.

A distinctive feature of the semantics of etiquette words and expressions is that they do not so much name concepts as they are constantly reproduced in typical situations, completely or partially rethought, having lost to a greater or lesser extent their semantic connection with their original meaning. Noting the conventionality of etiquette formulas, A. S. Pushkin wrote: “Every day we sign ourselves as humble servants, and, it seems, no one concluded from this that we asked to be valets.”

Etiquette formulas are associated with a specific situation of their use. The meanings and connotations of such words are often difficult to determine.

At the same time, the regular reproducibility of etiquette formulas makes it possible to identify repeating, typical speech situations and, accordingly, to determine mass, frequently used meanings.

Popular greeting and farewell formulas.

When I became acquainted with the history and classification of etiquette formulas of speech in the Russian language, I became interested in which of them are most often used by my classmates when greeting and saying goodbye. I interviewed 24 people anonymously and found that the use of specific expressions often depends on who my classmates are addressing. They will greet an adult by saying “Hello,” and with a peer they will say “Hello.” When parting, they will say “Goodbye” to an adult; with friends they will briefly say “Bye.” Some of them use words borrowed from in English"Goodbye, Hello, Hi." A new expression “Dosvidos” appeared in their speech, which refers to a reduced, colloquial vocabulary.

Conclusion.

Having studied the etiquette formulas of speech in the Russian language, I learned that they are numerous and varied, and their use depends on the specific speech situation. I concluded that sometimes, without knowing the history of the appearance of etiquette expressions, we can misinterpret their meaning. In the Russian language, most of the native words and expressions of etiquette are used, but there are also those that came from other languages. And today new formulas appear, but the same expressions have remained in common use for a long time.

Bibliographic list.

Big Dictionary Russian language / Comp. And ch. ed. S.A. Kuznetsov. – St. Petersburg: “Norint”, 2000, 1536 p.
Kurochkina I.N. Modern etiquette and education of a culture of behavior in preschoolers: Textbook. A manual for students. Higher Textbook Establishments. – M.: “Vlados”, 2001, 224 p.
Lvova S.I. “Let me invite you...”, or speech etiquette. – M.: “Drofa”, 2006, 208 p.
New dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of language teaching) / Authors E. G. Azimov, A. N. Shchukin.http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic
Etiquette / Authors-compilers N.I. Ushakov, E.V. Romanova. – M.: “Lukomorye”, 1988, 352 p.

Application.

Classification of etiquette formulas.

Formulas	Example
greetings	hello, hello, good morning, good evening, good afternoon, my respects, hello, hi, salute
parting	goodbye, see you, goodbye, see you soon, bye, ciao, see you tomorrow, all the best
apology	I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I beg your pardon,
Gratitude	thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you very much, thank you very much,
congratulations, wishes	Congratulations, I wish you all the best, I wish you happiness, please accept congratulations
appeal	young man, citizen, comrade, girl, young lady, lovely ladies
acquaintance	let me introduce you, let me introduce myself, can I contact you
sympathy, condolences	I understand you, please accept my condolences, I'm sorry
please, polite refusal	can you help me, be kind, help me, be kind, please; I'm sorry, but I can't, I'll try, no promises
invitation	allow me to invite, I invite you, let's go, welcome...
advice, compliment	I want to advise, I can offer, you are so elegant, you look beautiful today

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MBOU Secondary School No. 14 VI city conference “Step into the Future” Etiquette formulas of speech in Russian The work was completed by Vtorygina Eva Artemovna, 5a grade student of MBOU Secondary School No. 14 Scientific director Pyatovskaya Maria Vyacheslavovna teacher of Russian language and literature, Arkhangelsk, 2013

Goal: Studying etiquette formulas of speech in Russian.

Objectives: To study the concepts of etiquette, speech etiquette, etiquette formulas. Consider the classification of speech etiquette formulas and identify the most popular of them. Get acquainted with the history of Russian speech etiquette. Using a survey, determine popular greeting and farewell formulas.

Speech etiquette is a system of stable expressions established in language and speech, used in situations of establishing and maintaining contact. ETIQUETTE FROM FRENCH “LABEL, LABEL” FROM GREEK ETHOS “CUSTOM, CHARACTER”

FORMULAS OF GRATITUDE FORMULAS OF APOLOGY FORMULAS OF GREETING FORMULAS OF FAREWELL FORMULAS OF POLITE REFUSAL FORMULAS FORMULAS OF REQUESTS AND INVITATIONS FORMULAS OF WISHES FORMULAS OF SYMPATHY AND CONDOLENCE FORMULAS OF COMPLIMENTS

… Hello! - What special things did we say to each other?.. Why did life become a little more joyful? (V. Soloukhin) HEALTH AND HEALTH (form of the imperative mood of the verb hello) “BE HEALTHY” “WISH FOR HEALTH” KISS (KISS) “WISH TO BE WHOLE, UNHARMED, HEALTHY” Fr. ALLER (“to go”) Fr. ALLONS (“well”) “telephone” word ALLO Literally “COME ON, LET’S GO”

Fiery hello! Good health! Let me welcome you! Hello)! Who do I see! My regards! Hello honest company! Ours for you with a brush! Long time no see! You are welcome! Welcome! Firework! Hello, brother! Easy to remember! Greetings from old boots! My regards! Bread and salt! Glad to see you! Good morning! I wish you good health! Hello

Interjection BYE Formulas of farewell BY WHAT PLACE BY + KA + PLACE = BYE BYE PLACE (joining parts) adverb BYE Imperative mood of the verb FORGIVE Original meaning “forgive (if something is wrong)” Phraseologism “farewell, don’t remember it badly” FAREWELL ADJU – “with By God, goodbye" from French. A (preposition) + DIEU (God)

“Gratitude is a feeling of gratitude to someone for the kindness and attention they have shown.” from the ancient wish “GOD BLESS” THANK YOU GOOD + GIVE (“GIVE GOOD”) THANK YOU

1) Please, 2) Be kind, 3) Be kind, 4) If it’s not difficult for you, 5) If it’s not difficult for you, + verb in the imperative mood 1) I want to ask you (you) ... 2) I want you ( you) ask... 3) I ask you (you)... 4) I need to ask you (you)... 5) I would ask you (you)... + verb in the infinitive form (transfer, bring...) Request formulas - invitations. PARE ("show mercy") + STA (abbreviation of the word "sovereign")

Formulas for polite refusal. Etiquette formulas for expressing a polite refusal refusal A rude, impolite expression of refusal that does not correspond to speech etiquette. 1. Unfortunately, I won't be able to do this. 2. I would love to do this, but I have an important meeting today. 3. I don’t have time now, some other time. 4. I'm sorry, but I'm very busy. 5. I resolutely refuse! 1. Why should I do this? 2. I won’t do this! 3. What else!

Etiquette formulas in the speech of 5th grade students: When addressing adults: “Hello”, “Goodbye” When addressing peers: “Hello”, “Bye” Rude “Dosvidos”

Conclusion. Speech etiquette formulas in the Russian language are numerous and varied, and their use depends on the specific speech situation. Without knowing the history of the origin of etiquette expressions, you can misinterpret their meaning. In the Russian language, most of the native words and expressions of etiquette are used, but there are also those that came from other languages. Even today, new formulas appear, but the same expressions remain in common use for a long time.

Bibliography. 1. Kurochkina I.N. Modern etiquette and education of a culture of behavior in preschoolers: Textbook. A manual for students. Higher Textbook Establishments. – M.: “Vlados”, 2001, 224 p. 2. Lvova S.I. “Let me invite you...”, or speech etiquette. – M.: “Drofa”, 2006, 208 p. 3. New dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages) / Authors E. G. Azimov, A. N. Shchukin. http://www.gramota.ru/slovari/dic 4. Etiquette/ Compiled by N.I. Ushakov, E.V. Romanova. – M.: “Lukomorye”, 1988, 352 p.

The concept of speech etiquette. Speech etiquette formulas

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