DIY folk crafts. Handmade: value, possibility of implementation at home, ideas

Folk art is not only history, but also modernity. Handmade jewelry and headbands using the sewing technique will make you unique.

Folk art - what is it?

Folk art or decorative and applied art is a multifaceted concept. It belongs to the field of decorative arts and includes:

• the creation of artistic products that are used in private life in society;
• artistic processing of utilitarian objects (furniture, utensils, fabric, vehicles, tools, toys, jewelry, etc.).

Folk arts and crafts use various materials:

• ceramics;
• metal;
• glass;
• tree;
• textiles, etc.

The work is carried out using casting, forging, inlay, chasing, carving, painting, engraving, embroidery, etc.

Folk arts and crafts arose a very long time ago. This is one of the main areas of creativity of the people. In our time, interest in this type of self-expression has not only not decreased, but has even increased. There are many types of handicrafts that are also part of arts and crafts, check out some of them.

Handmade jewelry: master class

Contemporary arts and crafts also include the creation of jewelry. Having made such a miniature, you will be sure that it was made in one copy and no one will have a second one exactly the same.

On it, on a white background, is a pink tulip. To make a miniature you will need:

• acrylic paints of the following colors: ocher, carmine, light green, black, titanium white;
• plastic blank;
• tassel (from kolonka);
• palette;
• jar of water.

In this case, the craftswoman made costume jewelry from Cernit plastic, using the white Blanco Opaco color - it makes beautiful shining products.

A round brass base was taken for the form. The plastic needs to be rolled out on this form with a rolling pin, baked at 110° C in the oven for 15 minutes. Then take it out of there, when it cools down, take it out and sand it with 600 grit sandpaper - then the paint will adhere better.

Now you need to put everything you need for painting in front of you and you can start.

Squeeze a little of each color onto the palette. On the tip of the brush, mix white with carmine to obtain the desired shade and consistency, dilute with a small amount of water. Use this color to draw the outline of the future flower.

With light strokes you will outline the locations of the two outer petals, the third - the central one and the stem. This is how an object of modern folk decorative and applied art is then made.

Mix white and ocher, add a little pink paint, and mix. Paint the bottom layer of the petals with this soft peach color. Now drop some green paint into the same paint mixture, mix, draw the outline of the stem.

Here's how to make handmade jewelry next. Mix white and carmine on your palette to create a richer pink. Use it to color the petals. In this case, it is necessary to repeat the pattern of veins in the center of the flower and on the edges of the petals. At the next stage, you need to repeat this procedure, but add only a little water.

Next, mix ocher and green acrylic, add water, apply this substance to the leaves. But they should not be too bright so that the main attention goes to the flower. At the bottom the petals are a little more saturated in color, at the top - less so.

Taking carmine and black in equal proportions, add a little water. After mixing, use this mixture to indicate the shades of leaves and petals.

To further highlight the petals at the bottom center, the edge of the stem, also mix carmine and black, but add only a little water. Put green in this palette, sketch the leaves at the base.

Drop a little water into black acrylic paint and apply a few horizontal strokes with micro strokes on the veins at the bottom of the petals, at the base.

All that remains is to add literally a drop of green paint to the whitish mixture, draw veins at the bottom of the middle central one and a little on the leaf.

This is what handmade jewelry you will get.

Now check out how girls decorated their heads in the old days. The next master class will help you make the Arkhangelskaya headband.

How to make a festive headdress for Russian girls?

This piece of ancient clothing is made using the “linen sewing” technique. It involves embroidery on cotton cord with pearls in 2-3 rows. It is sewn onto the base using transverse stitches, and pearls are placed in the resulting hollow (beads are now more often used). As a result, pearls or beads will “lie” evenly and neatly. And the contours of the pattern are decorated with gold or silver cord.

Here's what you'll need to make an antique headband:

• white cotton fabric;
• blue and white silk;
• white cord (soutache);
• canvas;
• small white beads;
• large rhinestones - 2 white and 3 blue, medium: 2 blue and 3 light yellow;
• small rhinestones - 9 blue, 3 yellow and 3 green;
• cardboard;
• beading needles;
• 2 pearl threads 30 cm each;
• white threads;
• large hoop or wooden stretcher;
• scissors.

Such folk art is typical for the northern peoples; it was there that “sewing on linen” originated.

Stretch the canvas onto a hoop or stretcher. Place a white cotton cloth on top of it.
A layer of blue silk fabric is placed and secured on top of it - this is a 21x40 cm rectangle. Sew it onto this cotton fabric with a basting stitch, which will need to be removed after finishing the work.

On this blue silk fabric, use thin chalk or a special water-soluble marker to draw the outlines of the ornament. You can do this with a simple pencil, since you will still cover this sketch with a cord (soutache), stitch it using a “forward needle” stitch.

The stitches should be small. Decorate the cord at the bottom with two white and three blue large rhinestones, and at the top sew three yellow and two blue ones.

Sew the soutache along the outline of the rhinestones. And place pearls along the white halo. Use it to border the rhinestones in a circle located in the rosettes. And fill the lower sockets of the ancient headdress with a cord.

There are two rosettes left unfilled; they need to be lined with stylized flower petals. To decorate the top of the headdress, place soutache flowers around a medium-sized rhinestone. Then, also using a cord, make branches and leaves out of it.

The ornament is decorated with soutache, now you need to sew beads on it. To do this, string five or six pieces onto a thread and place such fragments on the cord. And you need to secure it with transverse stitches of two or three beads. This is done like this: after you have attached six or seven pieces, thread the needle through the last couple of sewn beads.

Make sure the rows are even, and follow them strictly to the cord. You need to stretch the thread well so that the beads fit well together.

When you finish making the ornament, remove the work from the hoop or from the stretcher. You need to cut out a three-layer kokoshnik, adding 5 cm to the seams, so that the finished headdress measures 40x21 cm.

Cut the bottom of the headdress according to the design in semicircles. Sew a cut-out blue silk lining to the top and bottom of the decoration. At the same time, the sides remain free. Insert a rectangle of cardboard into this gap to give rigidity to the structure.

Two ribbons 18 by 90 cm are cut out of white silk fabric, and we process their edges with an overcast stitch.

On the front part, to the sides, sew two silk ribbons measuring 18x90 cm (after having sewn their edges). These elements are folded and attached using a “forward needle” seam.

Beaded threads are sewn to the bottom of the bandage, under each rosette of five.

Now you have an idea of ​​how folk arts and crafts developed the principle of making and decorating headdresses. It’s not for nothing that such headbands are called “Arkhangelsk”, since soutache sewing is typical for these northern places.

DIY Khokhloma painting

This is also a folk art craft that originated about 300 years ago. Then in the village of Khokhloma, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, craftsmen created a craft. They made wooden dishes and painted them in a certain way. Floral patterns in gold and red tones are applied to a black background. This painting began to be called “Khokhloma”.

How to decorate a chalkboard in the kitchen?

Try to plunge into this folk art craft by making a board for the kitchen, but which will be painted with Khokhloma in a modern way. For this, the decoupage technique is used.

To implement this idea, buy napkins with a Khokhloma pattern or decoupage paper with this type of image, you can download it from the Internet. Blanks for boards can be taken ready-made, unpainted, or made with your own hands using a jigsaw from plywood 3–4 mm thick.

Here is a list of what you need:

• blank for boards;
• pencil;
• carbon copy;
• awl;
• scissors;
• sandpaper;
• PVA glue;
• furniture varnish.

Remove only the top part from the napkins; that’s all you need. If you have printed an image, use thin paper; before gluing it to the board, the edges on the back side need to be sanded for a better fit.

If you use a napkin, then grease the board with glue. If you took paper, then coat it. Glue any of these blanks to the front side of the board. When the glue dries, coat the paper base with varnish in 2 layers.

Once it's dry, you can hang the board in a prominent place in the kitchen to admire this work of art.

Khokhloma painting will also allow you to create a box.

Painting the box

Feel like real craftsmen who are close to folk arts and crafts. Paint a wooden box with Khokhloma. For such creativity you will need:

• acrylic paints intended for working with wood;
• masking tape - narrow;
• wooden box;
• background bronze or gold paint;
• wood varnish;
• three squirrel brushes - No. 1–3;
• soft brush for applying varnish;
• pencil;
• sandpaper;
• tracing paper

Wood paint can be purchased at an art supply store, as can varnish, which can be applied with a brush or in aerosols.

If the wooden box is not new or has uneven surfaces, go over them with fine sandpaper.

Now apply 2 layers of background paint to the entire box. But first, wait until the first one dries. Proceed to the next stage only when the second layer is completely dry.

Don’t waste time while this is happening, you will have time to draw the design you like or come up with on tracing paper. You need to depict the main details, you will apply the small ones directly to the box.

When the background paint on it is completely dry, attach tracing paper with the image of a floral pattern on top using tape. Then this pattern will be fixed and will not move. To transfer the outline to the box, follow the lines of the design on the tracing paper, pressing lightly. Then the image will be imprinted on the box.

Taking a brush number one and black paint, trace the image on the box.

Glue tape around the perimeter of the lid; it will prevent black paint from getting in here. And with it you will paint the background. You will do it with a brush number 3.

Peel off the tape only when the paint is dry. Then you can start the creative part, drawing flowers and berries.

To draw currants evenly, dip the back of a pencil with round edges into the paint and apply it, like a seal, to the surface of the box.

All that remains is to depict the grass, add some flowers, tendrils, droplets, dots on the strawberries, and highlights. Once it's all dry, apply two or three coats of varnish, letting each one dry.

The box is ready! That's how beautiful it will turn out. If you liked making boxes and decorating them, check out how to make a candy box. At the same time, have a sweet snack to increase your productivity and want to make beautiful objects with your own hands right now. Such folk art is more modern, but creating such objects is no less interesting.

Candy box

If you liked making the box, as a bonus - another product, but edible. To make it we take:

• crepe paper;
• wooden skewer;
• colored cardboard;
• candies;
• PVA glue;
• double sided tape;
• scissors.

First you need to hide the tails of the candies so that the edible elements look good. Remove these parts by gluing them to the base with tape.

Cut a strip from the cardboard. Its height is the height of the candies without the “tails”. Diameter is arbitrary. If it is about 8 cm, then you will need 300 g of sweets.

Roll this blank into a cylinder and secure with a stapler. Attach it to the cardboard, trace it, cut out a circle that needs to be glued to the cylinder.

Attach double-sided tape to the box, but do not remove the top protective film yet. You will remove it gradually, gluing candies.

When you attach them all, all that remains is to wrap this beauty with a ribbon, leave the product as is, or decorate it with paper roses. To do this, cut a 5 cm wide strip from the crepe paper across the grain. On one side, wind it onto a skewer. To create a petal shape, stretch in the center.

Place caramel in it, wrap it with paper, grabbing the “tail” of the wrapper to form a rose. Secure it with floral tape, tying it at the base. Three roses will be enough.

Such modern folk art will certainly delight a child or an adult with a sweet tooth and will become an original gift.

If you want to see with your own eyes how to make a Khokhloma box in ancient traditions, then we suggest watching the video tutorial.

Here's how to make a wooden round box.

Handmade– an excellent option for realizing your own creative ideas and ideas. Handmade objects all over the world have a high value, as they are exclusive and are able to express the feelings of the author, as well as his attitude towards things around him. The popularity of handmade is also due to the fact that it is able to create an object not only from scrap materials, but also taking into account the individual wishes of the creator or customer.

Handmade is an excellent option for realizing your own creative ideas and ideas.

An item created with one’s own hands has a significantly higher price than one produced in large numbers in production. This is due to the fact that handmade does not imply the possibility of creating identical objects, which means that the value of handmade work mainly lies in its exclusivity. Even if the same object is created again, it will differ from the previous one in some details, since a person is not able to exactly repeat the previous copy.

• have their own energy;
• endowed with character and soul;
• have an individual history of creation, which is directly related not only to the author, but also to the customer.

Also, the value of handmade work is due to:

• longer time costs for the manufacture of an individual item;
• careful elaboration of the image;
• individual approach to each object;
• using more expensive materials.

The most important advantage of things made by hand is that they do not tend to lose their value, as is the case with industrial production. On the contrary, exclusive items only become more expensive over time.

Pincushion box: handmade (video)

DIY crafts for the home: does it make sense?

Before starting to decorate their own home, many people wonder: is there any point in decorating it with handmade items or is it easier to go to the store and buy all the necessary things? The answer to this question is ambiguous. On the one hand, if household members have a sufficient amount of free time that they are willing to spend on handmade items, then, undoubtedly, it makes sense. After all, this will allow you not only to decorate your home, but also to create a special atmosphere in it, and perhaps even implement special functionality in some things. By the way, such a trend of needlework as decorating and bringing back to life old things that have lost their visual appeal is gaining great popularity. Such home decor elements will allow you not only to avoid parting with your favorite things that are out of order, but also to add individuality to your home, while saving a certain amount Money.

You can decorate your home yourself, saving some money

On the other hand, if household members have almost no extra time, there is practically no point in making home decor elements yourself, since their creation requires a lot of time. If, nevertheless, in such a situation there is a desire to decorate your home with the author’s exclusive things, it is better to order them from any author who can implement any proposed idea.

Folk crafts: can they be brought to life?

If you have certain materials, you can bring to life any folk craft. It is worth considering that in this matter, not only the material base is important, but also the process of acquiring certain skills that will allow you to master folk crafts in all details. To begin with, it is advisable to start with creating lighter things, involving the use of simplified schemes and techniques.

If you have certain materials, you can bring to life any folk craft.

It is possible to implement the work of professionals at home if you follow several important points.

1. Before manufacturing a product, it is necessary to carefully study the technology of its creation.
2. For the item, you need to purchase materials that are used in the work by professionals.
3. To create the desired thing you need to go gradually, gaining experience on simpler objects.
4. When creating items for the home, you need to be careful, and in most cases this is helped by perseverance and patience.

Now the most popular items created by professionals and available for making at home are:

• weaving baskets and bread bins;
• grass weaving;
• wax casting;
• candle making;
• wood carving;
• clay crafting;
• embroidery;
• Crochet;
• painting on wood and ceramics.

Crafts made from paper, ceramics, natural materials: ideas

It’s interesting that handmade items made from paper, natural materials and ceramics can be created not only as part of children’s creativity, but also be self-sufficient works of art.

So, to decorate your home, you can make paper crafts using the following techniques:

• applique;
• openwork cutting;
• papier mache;
• scrapbooking;
• collage;
• modeling;
• quilling;
• norigami;
• kirigami;
• picture made from paper napkins;
• iris folding;
• decoupage and 3D decoupage.

It’s interesting that handmade items made from paper, natural materials and ceramics can be self-sufficient works of art

An excellent option is to combine several techniques within one work; for example, a painting made using the iris folding technique is perfectly complemented by decorative quilling elements.

Ceramic craft ideas for the home

Various figurines are made mainly from ceramics and used to decorate the home. However, in addition to these decorations from ceramics, you can create:

• original flowerpots and pots for house plants;
• vases;
• dishes;
• piggy banks;
• caskets;
• organizers and stands;
• photo frames

In addition to modeling from clay, entire works of art can be created from finished ceramic products.

• 1. From clay pots you can make fancy butterflies and various insects that can decorate your home lawn.
  2. A tall clay pot can serve as an excellent table for placing tea utensils on it.
  3. Several ceramic pots, fixed together, left on top of each other and topped with a tray will create the shape of an elegant stand, and a lower version of the leg will serve excellent option for the feeder.
  4. If you have a country veranda near the house, you can use pots and an old chandelier to create a sophisticated stand for flowers that will literally drop their foliage from the ceiling, creating the image of a garden.
  5. From the remaining pieces of tile you can make chic coasters and cups. However, in this case, you will need to glue some soft material to the bottom of the tile to prevent scratches on the table and other furniture.
  6. A tiled table or mirror looks great. Such interior items will add grace and nobility to your home.
  7. Ceramic tiles can serve as a basis for creating paintings, replacing canvas. For painting on ceramic tiles, it is best to use acrylic paints.

Ideas for crafts made from natural materials

Due to the increasing importance environmental theme The greatest popularity is observed in the manufacture of crafts from natural materials. It is interesting that such ecological handicraft can consist not only in creating children's crafts, but also in making things for household use.

1. You can make beautiful birdhouses from fallen or wind-broken branches. By the way, hanging feeders outside the window of the house will allow you to enjoy beautiful birdsong every day.
2. Decorations for decorating tableware can be made from straw, dried cereals, herbs, branches, and acorn caps; for example, a tea set decorated with natural materials looks impressive.
3. To decorate empty shelves, you can create topiaries, photo frames, or decorate a vase from chestnuts, acorns, pine cones, leaves, and flower petals.
4. Bright dried autumn leaves can form spectacular pictures.
5. A napkin holder decoration can be made from hard natural materials.
6. Chestnuts, acorns and cones will be excellent materials for making candy bowls.
7. Sand can be used to sprinkle the body of the future product. With such a base, decoration with shells looks impressive.
8. Cones are often used to create decorative baskets.
9. Egg shells pre-colored with food coloring can create an amazing relief painting. Such needlework can also serve as a basis for decoupage. In this case, the object contains not only an image, but also an interesting texture.

Due to the increasing importance of the environmental theme, the greatest popularity is observed in the manufacture of crafts from natural materials

Crafts made from natural materials are especially popular on the eve of the holidays.

For example, the following selection will help you decide on a gift:

• by March 8, various candlesticks, photo frames and “ecological bouquets” are often made;
• natural decor is often used to decorate a wedding hall and accessories, for example, a wish journal can be decorated with leaves and petals;
• for the New Year, candlesticks, wreaths, and various designer Christmas decorations are made based on pine cones, chestnuts, and dried leaves;
• For Easter, you can put together a picture made from pieces of eggshells or prepare stands for painted eggs from acorn caps.

DIY crafts made from natural materials (video)

Now the era has come in which the place of “machine stamping” is gradually being replaced by designer items. This creative direction is called handmade. The popularization of handmade creativity is due to the fact that in the process of creating this or that little thing, the author puts his soul into it, as well as his individual idea.

Since ancient times, dishes and other household items made from ceramics have been widely known in Rus'. One of the most famous settlements in Rus', whose residents were engaged in the manufacture of ceramic porcelain tableware, is Gzhel (now the city is located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region). Since the 17th century, and even earlier, Gzhel has been a famous center for the production of porcelain and ceramics. The products of local craftsmen are distributed throughout Russia. It should be noted that in the old days this city was one of the centers of the Old Believers-Priests. The heyday of Gzhel occurred during the activities of the Partnership for the Production of Porcelain and Earthenware Products M.S. Kuznetsov" in late XIX- beginning of the 20th century.

The formation of the Gzhel color palette familiar to us dates back to the beginning of the 19th century. Researchers point out that since the 1820s, an increasing number of Gzhel products were painted white and painted exclusively with blue paint. Nowadays, blue painting is a characteristic feature of Gzhel products. The popularity of such dishes turned out to be so great that similar products began to be created in other areas, but they had a similar blue and white ornament. Many fakes also appeared.

Experts say that only original works that shaped the familiar Gzhel style in the 80s of the 20th century can be called authentic Gzhel products. These are works by such artists as Azarova, Denisov, Neplyuev, Fedorovskaya, Oleynikov, Tsaregorodtsev, Podgornaya, Garanin, Simonov and others. Each of these craftsmen puts a personal signature or stamp of the company where they work on the product. If the master is an employee of the enterprise, then his products are transferred to the production workshop for the purpose of replication.

Zhostovo painting

In the middle of the 18th century, in the Urals, where the metallurgical plants of the Demidovs were located, the new kind fishing. Local craftsmen began to paint metal trays. It is interesting that such workshops appeared in cities where a considerable part of the population were Old Believers, who still have prayer houses and churches there. These are Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk and Vyysk, founded in 1722. This is how the so-called Tagil trays appeared. The Demidov industrialists, who oversaw this craft, were very concerned about the quality and artistic value of the products. In order to educate and train professional personnel, they founded a school in 1806. The historical style of Tagil trays was created thanks to this school and its most authoritative teacher - a graduate of the Imperial Academy of Arts V.I. Albychev.

Painted Tagil trays were sold throughout the country. They began to try to produce similar products in other places. The most successful such attempt was the organization of the production of painted trays in the village of Zhostovo, Moscow province. The trays made there became famous in the first half of the 19th century. Since then, this type of craft has received the name “Zhostovo painting”. To this day, the craft of tray painting has survived only in Nizhny Tagil and Zhostovo. Painting is done mainly on a black background (occasionally on red, blue, green).

The main motives for painting are: flower bouquets, both lush garden and small wildflowers; Ural landscapes or ancient cities. On some antique trays you can see people and fabulous birds. Painted trays are used either for their intended purpose (for a samovar, for serving lunch) or for decoration. According to their shape, trays are divided into round, octagonal, rectangular, and oval.

Palekh miniature

After the October Revolution and the beginning of persecution of religion, Palekh icon painters had to look for a new way to earn money. Thus, many retrained as masters of lacquer miniatures. This type of miniature is made using tempera on papier-mâché. As a rule, boxes, caskets, capsules, brooches, panels, ashtrays, needle cases and more are painted. The painting is done in gold on a black background. The original technology of the last century, which was used by the first Palekh craftsmen in the 1920-30s of the 20th century, has been partially preserved.

The characteristic subjects of Palekh miniatures are borrowed from everyday life, literary works classics, fairy tales, epics and songs. Many stories are dedicated to historical events, including revolution and civil war. There is a series of miniatures dedicated to space exploration. Since the beginning of the 21st century, among some masters working in the Palekh manner, there has been a tendency to return to iconographic subjects.

Fedoskino miniature is another type of traditional Russian lacquer miniature painting. Made with oil paints on papier-mâché. Unlike the Palekh miniatures, the techniques of which came from icon painting, the Fedoskino miniature was initially formed as a type of applied art, hence the more “down-to-earth” style of painting.

Fedoskino miniatures originated at the end of the 18th century in the village of Fedoskino, Moscow province. The main motifs of the miniature: “troikas”, “tea parties”, scenes from the life of peasants. The most highly prized were caskets and caskets that were decorated with complex multi-figure compositions - copies of paintings by Russian and Western European artists.

In the 19th century, Fedoskino miniatures served mostly decorative purposes. In the middle of the 20th century, the author's direction began to develop. The plots of the miniatures began to become more complex.

Khokhloma

Nizhny Novgorod decorative Khokhloma painting is known throughout Russia. The fishery originated in the 17th century in the village of Khokhloma. It is located on the territory of the former Semenovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province, famous in ancient times for large Old Believer monasteries, such as the Sharpansky and Olenevsky monasteries. It is no coincidence that in the famous novel by Andrei Melnikov (Pechersky) the Old Believers of Semenovsky district are engaged in the manufacture of wooden utensils. We did this in Khokhloma as well. Khokhloma masters nevertheless became known throughout Russia for their unusual, bright paintings. They painted wooden dishes and furniture. The colors mainly used were black, red, gold, and sometimes green.

To achieve the golden color characteristic of Khokhloma, local craftsmen apply silver tin powder to the surface of the product when painting. After this, they are varnished and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, which gives the light wooden utensils a massive effect.

Thanks to this technology that creates an unusual color, Khokhloma has become popular all over the world. Plates and spoons made in this style began to be perceived in the 20th century as a symbol of Russian national tableware.

Gorodets painting appeared in the mid-19th century in the area of ​​the ancient city of Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod province. Through the efforts of the Old Believers, Gorodets became a center of wooden shipbuilding and grain trading with all-Russian fame. Old Believers merchants donated significant sums for the construction of churches, the maintenance of hospitals, orphanages, public education and the improvement of the city.

Gorodets painting is bright and laconic. The main themes of the painting are scenes from fairy tales, figures of horses, birds, flowers, peasant and merchant life. The painting is done with a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline. Gorodets painting decorated spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, doors, chests, arches, sleighs, and children's toys.

That's what he says V.S. Voronov about Gorodets painting:

The Nizhny Novgorod style presents us with the purest version of genuine pictorial art, which has overcome the framework of graphic captivity and is based exclusively on the elements of painting.

Mezen painting

Mezen painting on wood (palaschel painting) is a special type of painting of household utensils, in particular spinning wheels, ladles, boxes, bratins, which developed towards the end of the 19th century in the lower reaches of the Mezen River. Since ancient times, these places, like the entire seaside region, were inhabited by Old Believers. And from December 1664 to February 1666, Archpriest Avvakum was in exile in Mezen itself. The oldest surviving spinning wheel with Mezen painting dates back to 1815.

Artistic motifs of Mezen painting can be found in handwritten books of the 18th century, which were made in Pomerania. The main colors of Mezen painting are black and red. The main motifs of geometric patterns are discs, rhombuses, crosses. The painted object was covered with drying oil, which protected the paint from being erased and gave the product a golden color.

At the end of the 19th century, Mezen painting was concentrated in the village of Palashchelye, where entire families of craftsmen worked: the Aksenovs, Novikovs, Fedotovs, Kuzmins, Shishovs. In the mid-1960s. Mezen painting was revived by the descendants of the old Palashchel masters: F.M. Fedotov in the village of Palashchelye and S.F. and I.S. Fatyanovs in the village of Selishche. The exhibition of Mezen spinning wheels in 2018 became the first event in the newly opened museum named after. Gilyarovsky, in Stoleshnikov Lane in Moscow.

Vologda lace is a Russian craft that originated in the Vologda region in the 16th century. The lace is woven using bobbins (wooden sticks). As a separate craft with its own characteristic features, Vologda lace was known already in the 17th-18th centuries. However, until the 19th century, lace making was a home craft, primarily practiced by private craftswomen. With the increasing popularity of Vologda lace, the production of products was put on stream. In the 19th century, lace factories appeared in the vicinity of Vologda.

All main images in interlocking Vologda lace are made with dense, continuous braid of the same width. For the production of Vologda lace, a cushion cushion, juniper or birch bobbins, pins, and splinters are used. A typical material for Vologda lace is linen.

The subjects of Vologda lace are very different - from floral ornaments to figured compositions. In Vologda lace you can find Christian and ancient folk symbols.

Yelets lace is no less famous. It is plaited using bobbins. This type of lace originated at the beginning of the 19th century in the city of Yelets.

The lace is distinguished by the soft contrast of a small pattern (floral and geometric) and a thin openwork background.

It is believed that Yelets lace is lighter and more elegant than Vologda lace.

Mtsensk lace is a type of Russian lace that is woven using bobbins.

Mtsensk lace appeared in the city of Mtsensk, Oryol region, in the 18th century. This became possible thanks to the local landowner Protasova, who gathered craftswomen from different parts of Russia and founded a manufactory - the largest lace production in Russia at that time.

A distinctive feature is the use of geometric motifs. Compared to Vologda lace, the pattern in it is less dense and rich, as experts write - more “airy”.

At the beginning of the 18th century, craftswomen engaged in making lace appeared in the Vyatka province. However, lace production acquired an industrial scale only in the second half of the 19th century. This craft is carried out by peasant craftswomen. In 1893, in the settlement of Kukarka, Yaransky district, Vyatka province, a zemstvo school of lacemakers was organized. The shapes of the products are varied and sometimes unusual: these are vests, braids of scarves, collars, napkins with patterns in the form of butterflies, lush flowers, and whimsical loops.

The most interesting products made from Vyatka lace were created in Soviet times. These achievements are associated with the name of the famous lace artist, laureate of the State Prize of Russia named after Repin Anfisa Fedorovna Blinova. Her works are in the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Russian Art Fund, and the Moscow Research Institute of the Art Industry.

During the economic crisis of the 90s of the 20th century, the lace factory located in the city of Sovetsk (former settlement of Kukarka) was closed. Only quite recently, in 2012, the Kukarskoe Lace production cooperative-artel was created in the city, little by little reviving the traditions of the ancient craft.

Orenburg downy scarf is a knitted scarf made from the unique down of Orenburg goats, applied to a special base (cotton, silk or other material).

This fishery originated in the Orenburg province in the 18th century. The products are very thin, like cobwebs, but they usually have a complex pattern and are used as decoration. The thinness of a product is often determined by two parameters: whether the product fits through a ring and whether it fits in a goose egg.

In the mid-19th century, down scarves were presented at exhibitions in European countries, where they received international recognition. Repeated attempts have been made, including abroad, to open production of such fluff for the needs light industry. However, they were not successful. It turned out that to obtain such fine and warm fluff in goats, quite severe climatic conditions and a certain diet, the combination of which is possible only on the territory of the Orenburg region.

In the middle of the 19th century, in the city of Pavlovsky Posad, woolen scarves with a so-called printed pattern, which was applied to the fabric using forms with a relief pattern, began to be produced. Pavloposad shawls are traditionally black or red products with a voluminous floral pattern.

In the 70s In the 19th century, the palette of scarves familiar to us was formed, and the range of scarves with naturalistic floral motifs expanded. Craftswomen prefer images of garden flowers, primarily roses and dahlias.

Until the 1970s, the design was applied to the fabric using wooden carved forms: the outline of the design - with boards - “manners”, the design itself - with “flowers”. The creation of the scarf required up to 400 overlays. Since the 1970s, dye has been applied to fabric using silk and nylon mesh templates. This allows you to increase the number of colors, the elegance of the design and improves the quality of production.

Krestetsky stitching (or Krestetsky embroidery) is a folk craft that has developed since the 1860s in the Krestetsky district of the Novgorod province, inhabited since ancient times by Old Believers.

Krestetskaya stitch is the most labor-intensive and complex stitch embroidery technique.

Embroidery was done on linen fabric, and the threads, warps and weft were cut and pulled out of the fabric, forming gaps like a mesh. This fabric was used to create a variety of patterns and embroideries. Krestetsk embroidery was used to decorate items of clothing, curtains, and towels.

Kasli casting - artistic products (sculpture, lattices, architectural elements, etc.) made of cast iron and bronze, produced at an iron foundry in the city of Kasli.

This plant was founded in 1749 by the Old Believer merchant Yakov Korobkov, who arrived here with his family from Tula. He was guided by the decree of Peter I, which read:

It deigns to each and every one, the freedom is given, no matter what rank and dignity, in all places, both on one’s own and on foreign lands, to search for, melt, cook, clean all kinds of metals and minerals.

Sculpture “Russia” N.A. Laveretsky, Kasli casting, 1896

Most The plant's workers also included Old Believers who arrived from different places in the Ural land, where persecution of the old faith was not so noticeable.

The traditions of Kasli casting - graphic clarity of the silhouette, a combination of carefully finished details and generalized planes with an energetic play of highlights - developed in the 19th century. During this period, the plant's owners recruited new talented sculptors, artists, chasers and moulders. Kasli casting products received the Grand Prix award at the prestigious Paris World Exhibition of Applied Arts in 1900.

Shemogodskaya slotted birch bark, which originates in the Vologda region, has become especially popular. Birch bark, despite its apparent fragility, is a fairly strong and durable material. Vologda craftsmen make a variety of baskets, dishes, accessories, jewelry and even shoes and clothes.

The peculiarity of these products is that natural plant patterns, leaves and berries, flowers and stems, animals and people are intertwined with the traditional pattern. Traditional patterns of Shemogodskaya slotted birch bark are engraved on birch bark sheets with a blunt awl and cut with a sharp knife, removing the background. Sometimes colored paper or another layer of birch bark is placed under the openwork; the carving is complemented by embossing. In the 19th century, these products were nicknamed “ birch bark lace».

In Soviet times, products made from Shemogodskaya slotted birch bark were considered a symbol of the Russian forest and were in demand among foreigners. At the same time, a birch bark carving workshop was organized at the Shemogodsky furniture plant (Vologda region). And these days, not a single Russian fair is complete without birch bark dishes.

This Russian craft originated among professional Nizhny Novgorod woodcarvers. Craftsmen use tubular bone from cattle as the main raw material - “ shank" and a horn. Also, rarer and more valuable types of mammoth and walrus bones are used to make expensive types of products.

Varnavin bone carving is used mainly in the manufacture of women's jewelry (hairpins, combs, hairpins, combs, brooches, pendants, beads, necklaces, pendants, bracelets, earrings, rings, rings), caskets, caskets, fountain pens, decorative dishes and other souvenirs.

The peculiarity of such products is their absolute uniqueness and individuality. Each item is made by hand, without any patterns or stamps.

Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya carving is an artistic craft of wood carving that was formed at the end of the 19th century in the vicinity of the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow.

This technique was used to make ladles, dishes, vases and boxes, as well as any home decor and household items. The peculiarity of these products is the predominance of various curls, rosettes, twigs, tinting and polishing of the wood.

The heyday of this fishery occurred in the Soviet period - 20-40s. Workers from the Kudrin artel “Vozrozhdenie” even received orders from the Tretyakov Gallery. Historical and modern products made in the style of Abramtsevo-Kudrin carving were presented at the international exhibition in Paris in 1937. After the collapse of the USSR, the Kudrin carving factory was closed. Today the fishery is preserved thanks to the work of private craftsmen.

The history of Gusev crystal began in 1756, when the Oryol merchant Akim Maltsov founded the first glass factory on the banks of the Gus River in the dense forests of Meshchera.

The first mentions of the Gussky volost date back to XVII century. When a ban was imposed on the construction of glass factories in the Moscow region due to excessive deforestation, the first crystal factory was built in the village of Gus on the river of the same name, the craftsmen for which were specially brought from Mozhaisk. Thus began the history of not just production, but an entire folk craft that continues to flourish to this day.

Now the plant is primarily famous for its art glass. Gusev's artists, taking into account the characteristics of the material, give it highly artistic expressiveness, skillfully using color, shape, and decoration.

Filigree

Filigree (or filigree) is a jewelry craft that uses an openwork or soldered pattern of thin gold, silver, etc. on a metal background. wire. Elements of a filigree pattern can be very diverse: rope, lace, weaving, herringbone, track, satin stitch. The individual filigree elements are joined into a single whole by soldering. Filigree is often combined with grains - small metal balls that are soldered into pre-prepared cells (recesses). The grain creates a spectacular texture and play of light and shade, thanks to which the products acquire a particularly elegant, sophisticated look. The materials for filigree products are alloys of gold, silver and platinum, as well as copper, brass, cupronickel, and nickel silver. Jewelry made using the filigree technique is oxidized and silvered. Filigree is often combined with enamel (including enamel), engraving, and embossing.

Filigree items were produced in royal or monastic workshops. In the 18th century, large filigree items were made; along with stones, crystal and mother-of-pearl were widely used. At the same time, small silver items became widespread: vases, salt shakers, and boxes. Since the 19th century, filigree products were already produced by factories in large quantities. This includes expensive dishes, church utensils and much more.

The centers of scanner work today are:

• The village of Kazakovo, Vachsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region, where the artistic products enterprise is located, which produces unique jewelry products using the ancient technique of artistic metal processing - filigree.
• The village of Krasnoe-on-Volga, Kostroma Region, is home to the Krasnoselskoye School of Artistic Metalworking, the main task of which is to preserve the traditional Krasnoselskoye jewelry craft - filigree, enamel, embossing and more.
• The city of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region, where the technical school of Russian folk arts and crafts is located.

Enamel

Enamel is the production of works of art using glassy powder and enamel on a metal backing. The glass coating is durable and does not fade over time; enamel products are particularly bright and pure in color. The enamel acquires the desired color after firing with the help of additives that use metal salts. For example, adding gold gives glass a ruby ​​color, cobalt gives it a blue color, and copper gives it a green color.

Vologda (Usolskaya) enamel - traditional painting on white enamel. The fishery originated in the 17th century in Solvychegodsk. Later they began to engage in similar enamel in Vologda. Initially, the main motif was plant compositions painted on a copper base: floral patterns, birds, animals, including mythological ones. However, at the beginning of the 18th century, single-color enamel (white, blue and green) became popular. Only in the 1970s of the 20th century did the revival of “Usolskaya” multicolor enamel by Vologda artists begin. Production continues today.

There is also Rostov enamel - a Russian folk art craft that has existed since the 18th century in the city of Rostov the Great, Yaroslavl region. Miniature images are made on enamel with transparent fireproof paints, which were invented in 1632 by the French jeweler Jean Toutin.

Malachite products

Malachite is a green mineral with rich hues that can be easily processed. The stone can be from light green to black-green, and the first craft dates back more than 10 thousand years. Dense varieties of malachite with good color and beautiful design are highly valued, they have been used since the end of the 18th century for cladding flat surfaces. Since the beginning of the 19th century, malachite has been used to create three-dimensional works - vases, bowls, dishes.

Malachite became widely known outside Russia thanks to orders from the World Exhibition in London in 1851, prepared by. Thanks to the Demidovs, since the 1830s, malachite began to be used as a material for architectural decoration: the first malachite hall was created by order of P.N. Demidov by architect O. Montferrand in a mansion in St. Petersburg on the street. B. Morskaya, 43. Luxurious interior works with malachite were performed in St. Isaac's Cathedral. Malachite is also used to make jewelry. The technique of cladding with malachite is called “ Russian mosaic" It is based on the principle that was used by European craftsmen to reduce the cost of lapis lazuli products back in the 17th century: thinly sawed stone plates cover the surface of an object made of metal or cheap stone. This creates the illusion of a monolith carving.

The tales of the Russian writer Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, who began his career as a teacher in a school in the remote Ural village of Shaidurikha, inhabited by Old Believers, are dedicated to the malachite trade. From them the writer adopted many interesting stories and legends related to life in the Urals and the folklore customs of the local population.

Folk crafts– this is a section about the work of teachers with preschool and junior children school age on teaching the traditions of folk arts and crafts. Here are notes for classes in artistic creativity, master classes, materials for introducing children to folk crafts, research projects on Russian history.

Arts and crafts

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What is Dymkovo famous for? With your toy! There is no smoky color in it, like grey. There is something in it from the rainbow, From drops of dew, There is something from joy in it, Thundering like bass! She doesn't look gingerbread - jubilant and festive. In her youth is the zest, in her prowess and scope......

Consultation for parents “Don Crafts” We, Zimovnikovites, live in the Don region, in the center of the vast Salsk steppes. Ancient, ancient, steppe land! The relief of our places is not particularly intricate, but it is also beautiful because it allows you to see our steppe for many, many miles around. Wide, free, and everything is like in a huge palm...

Folk crafts - Didactic material “Matryoshka” as a unique means of keeping children entertained

Publication “Didactic material “Matryoshka” as a unique means of providing...”
Age: older and preparatory group- 5-7 years old Didactic material “Matryoshka” is a unique means of keeping children entertained during organized educational activities and in independent (play) activities. While working with this material...

Image library "MAAM-pictures"

b]Structure of a synopsis of joint educational activities based on a system-activity approach 1. Purpose: to introduce children to the Filimonov toy as a type of folk arts and crafts. 2.Tasks: - learn to paint...

Patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the main tasks of our time. Behind last years There have been global changes in our country. This especially affected moral values ​​and people’s attitude towards the Motherland. Often, material values ​​nowadays dominate over...

Direct organized activity for constructing a “Matryoshka House” in the second junior group Program content: Educational: Introduce children to the main parts of the house structure: floor, ceiling, roof, walls, windows, as well as the spatial arrangement of these parts relative to each other; show a way to construct a house and explain what...

Folk crafts - Literary reading lesson in 3rd grade on the technology of developing critical thinking “V. Yu. Dragunsky “Dymka and Anton”

Usacheva Marina Vladimirovna, teacher primary classes MBOU Secondary School No. 11, Novosibirsk V. Yu. Dragunsky “Dymka and Anton” Purpose: - To create conditions for studying the work of V. Dragunsky “Dymka and Anton”. - Contribute to the development of students' thinking skills, necessary not only in...

Purpose of the game: To teach grouping objects by color, correlating objects by shape using the overlay method, to activate the words “big”, “small” in children’s speech, to consolidate knowledge of the color palette of primary colors, to introduce children to geometric shapes: circle, square,...

Goal: - To teach children to paint a template based on Gorodets painting. Learn to identify elements of painting, their compositional arrangement, and color. - Develop a sense of rhythm, color, composition, develop children’s skills in mixing colors. - Cultivate interest in Gorodets products...

Summary of a lesson on sculpting “Lamb” based on the Filimonov toy Modeling “Lamb” (based on the Filimonov toy) Purpose: To introduce Filimonov toys (birds, animals, to arouse interest in them, the desire to sculpt a toy; to teach to highlight the distinctive features of toys (beautiful smooth shape, bright, elegant stripes. Means...

Russian culture cannot be imagined without folk arts and crafts - decorative and applied arts, passed down from generation to generation, carry historical information about the life, customs, and traditions of the Russian people. And not only! Products of Russian folk crafts are real works of art, representing aesthetic and cultural value.

Children like Filimonov toys, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel and other crafts. They take on painting, sculpting, weaving, and embroidery with pleasure. Creative work using traditional folk techniques teaches one to be patient - to create an independent product requires painstaking work. Familiarity with folk crafts gives an idea of different materials, methods of processing them, artistic techniques decoration of household items, interior, clothing, toys.

Preschoolers often learn folk art through stylized crafts. However, such activities do not reduce the aesthetic impact on the child. Folk crafts allow a child to express his own attitude towards a toy, plate, matryoshka or other object that is created with his own hands. Development of fine motor skills, color perception, imagination, skills in working with tools - folk crafts provide wide scope for development and education.

Introducing children to folk crafts.

Prepared by teacher Shitikova A.R.

Folk crafts are exactly what makes our culture rich and unique. Foreign tourists take with them painted objects, toys and textile products in memory of our country.

Almost every corner of Russia has its own type of needlework, and in this material I will introduce children to the brightest and most famous of them.

1. Dymkovo toy

The Dymkovo toy is a symbol of the Kirov region, emphasizing its rich and ancient history. It is molded from clay, then dried and fired in a kiln. After that, it is painted by hand, each time creating a unique copy. There cannot be two identical toys.

2. Zhostovo painting

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Vishnyakov brothers lived in one of the Moscow villages of the former Trinity volost (now Mytishchi district), and they were engaged in painting lacquered metal trays, sugar bowls, pallets, papier-mâché boxes, cigarette cases, teapots, albums and other things. Since then, artistic painting in the Zhostovo style has begun to gain popularity and attract attention at numerous exhibitions in our country and abroad.

3. Khokhloma

Khokhloma is one of the most beautiful Russian crafts, which originated in the 17th century near Nizhny Novgorod. This decorative painting furniture and wooden utensils, which are loved not only by connoisseurs of Russian antiquity, but also by residents of foreign countries.

The intricately intertwined herbal patterns of bright scarlet berries and golden leaves on a black background can be admired endlessly. Therefore, even traditional wooden spoons, presented on the most insignificant occasion, leave the recipient with the kindest and longest memory of the donor.

4. Gorodets painting

Gorodets painting has existed since the mid-19th century. Bright, laconic patterns reflect genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, and floral patterns. The painting is done in a free stroke with a white and black graphic outline; it decorates spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.

6. Gusev crystal

Products made at the Gus-Khrustalny crystal factory can be found in museums all over the world. Traditional Russian souvenirs, household items, sets for festive table, elegant jewelry, handmade boxes, and figurines reflect the beauty of our native nature, its customs and primordially Russian values. Products made from colored crystal are especially popular.

7. Matryoshka

A chubby and plump cheerful girl in a headscarf and Russian folk dress won the hearts of lovers of folk toys and beautiful souvenirs around the world.

Now the nesting doll is not just a folk toy, a keeper of Russian culture: it is a memorable souvenir for tourists, on the apron of which play scenes, fairy tale plots and landscapes with attractions are finely drawn. The nesting doll has become a precious collectible that can cost hundreds of dollars.

9. Tula samovar

In his free time, Fyodor Lisitsyn, an employee of the Tula Arms Factory, loved to make something out of copper, and once made a samovar. Then his sons opened a samovar establishment where they sold copper products, which were wildly successful.

The Lisitsyn samovars were famous for their variety of shapes and finishes: barrels, vases with chasing and engraving, egg-shaped samovars, with dolphin-shaped taps, with loop-shaped handles, and painted ones.

10. Palekh miniature

Palekh miniature is a special, subtle, poetic vision of the world, which is characteristic of Russians folk beliefs and songs. The painting uses brown-orange and bluish-green tones.

Palekh painting has no analogues in the whole world. It is done on papier-mâché and only then transferred to the surface of boxes of various shapes and sizes.

11. Gzhel

The Gzhel bush, an area of ​​27 villages located near Moscow, is famous for its clay, which has been mined here since the mid-17th century. In the 19th century, Gzhel craftsmen began to produce semi-faience, earthenware and porcelain. Of particular interest are still items painted in one color - blue overglaze paint applied with a brush, with graphic detailing.

12. Pavlovo Posad shawls

Bright and light, feminine Pavloposad shawls are always fashionable and relevant. This folk craft appeared at the end of the 18th century at a peasant enterprise in the village of Pavlovo, from which a shawl manufactory subsequently developed. It produced woolen shawls with printed patterns, which were very popular at that time.