The first guards mortar regiments. The first guards mortar regiments 492 mortar regiment history

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868th day of the war

On the morning of November 6, 1943, the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, was completely liberated from the fascist occupiers. This joyful news becomes a wonderful gift to those who have been selflessly working for more than two years in the name of victory in the rear and who are fighting at the front.

Artist Viktor Ivanov, 1943

Military operations in other theaters of World War II

In 1943, the national liberation movement of the peoples of China, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, Malaya, Indonesia and the Philippines took on a wide scope. It is organized and inspired by the patriotic forces of these countries. They unite the partisan forces into a united National Front. The Japanese imperialists are particularly concerned about the resumption of active actions by the Chinese People's Revolutionary Armies (8th and New 4th). These armies, together with partisan detachments, liberate the territory where up to 80 million people lived. The actions of the people's revolutionary armies forced the Japanese command to maintain 26 divisions and 11 separate brigades in China.

On the labor front

For their anniversary, Komsomol members of Uralmashplant are producing ten tanks above the plan and fulfilling orders ahead of schedule for blast furnace No. 6 under construction in Magnitogorsk.

At Aviation Plant No. 21, young people are holding a day of production records named after the 25th anniversary of the Komsomol. On these anniversary days, over 2 thousand young workers of the plant fulfill at least one and a half standards, producing a large amount of production above the plan.

Komsomol members and youth throughout the country celebrate their anniversary with the same production successes.

Let's remember how it was...

The news of the liberation of beautiful ancient Kyiv - “the mother of Russian cities” - caused great rejoicing among the Soviet people, filling their hearts with joy and confidence in an imminent victory.

Kyiv
Our beautiful Kyiv on eternal steep slopes!
To the long-suffering one - praise to you, praise!
Let the day shine where the night, like death, has passed,
Let spring shine where the sky was in clouds!
For the torment, for the illness of our beloved, best children,
For the hot blood that flowed like a river,
For all their outrages, for their dark deeds
Let the enemies fall from our mighty hands!
Justice is approaching, the hour of reckoning has come!
The sword did not become dull, and the torch did not go out,
And sorrow comes to judge all evil crimes.
And to my dear sons, defenders of the country,
Bringing a bright day through the black smoke of war,
Our Kyiv opened the Golden Gate.

M. Rylsky (translated by N. Ushakov)

November 6, 1943 Saturday. By 4 o'clock in the morning, the troops of the 38th Army had completely eliminated enemy resistance in Kyiv. Only during three days of fighting for Kyiv, from November 3 to 6, the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front defeated 12 enemy divisions, captured large trophies, destroyed 15 thousand and captured 6.2 thousand fascist soldiers and officers.

Soviet troops are creating a strategic bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper, which is important for expelling the Nazi invaders from Right Bank Ukraine.

On the morning of November 6th. Early in the morning, the Military Council of the 1st Ukrainian Front sends a telegram to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin: “With the greatest joy we report to you that the task set by you to capture our beautiful city of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, by the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front has been completed. The city of Kyiv is completely cleared of fascist occupiers. The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front continue to fulfill the task assigned to them by you” (k.1).

Soviet soldiers-liberators near the monument to Bogdan Khmelnitsky on Sofievskaya Square in Kyiv

Hanged fascist monsters on Kalinin Square (now Maidan Nezalezhnosti) in Kyiv

Hanged collaborators, Kyiv

In the afternoon of November 6 . The government of the Ukrainian SSR and the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine, in an appeal to the working people of Ukraine in connection with the liberation of the city of Kyiv, called on them to even more actively help the Red Army defeat the enemy.

Army General Nikolai Fedorovich Vatutin in liberated Kyiv. November 1943

By the end of the day, the front troops reached the river line. Zdvizh, Mikulichi, Glevakha and further to the Dnieper. The advanced units of the 3rd Guards Tank Army approached Fastov and occupied Vasilkov, tearing the front of enemy troops into pieces.

The commander of the 3rd Guards Tank Army, Lieutenant General P. S. Rybalko, observes the passage of a column of BA-64 armored vehicles from the army reconnaissance battalion.

During the battles for Kyiv, Soviet troops defeated 12 enemy infantry, 2 tank and 1 motorized divisions. The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, having liberated the city of Kyiv, moved on to the rapid pursuit of the retreating enemy.

At these hours. For excellent military actions in the struggle for the liberation of Kyiv, Supreme Commander-in-Chief J.V. Stalin expresses gratitude to the troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, and the formations and units that particularly distinguished themselves in these battles are given the name “Kyiv”. 1st Czechoslovak separate brigade awarded the Order of Suvorov, II degree.

Congratulating the commander and all the personnel of the brigade, the Military Council of the 1st Ukrainian Front notes:

“The capital of Ukraine - ancient Slavic Kyiv - will never forget that the heroic brothers - the sons of the Czechoslovak people - fought for its liberation shoulder to shoulder with the soldiers of the valiant Red Army under your command.”

In the battles for the liberation of Kyiv, Czechoslovak soldiers showed high military skill, courage and bravery. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to three particularly distinguished soldiers. The brigade commander, Colonel L. Svoboda, and 138 soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Union (k.1).

Kievans return home

Return of the population to their native Kyiv

From archival materials and documents of the current day

The Parkhomenko partisan detachment, operating in the Vileika region, raided a railway station on the night of October 28. Soviet patriots destroyed the German railway guards, set fire to two large enemy military warehouses, destroyed switches and blew up railway tracks. Partisan detachment named after Alexander Nevsky for last days derailed 14 enemy double-thrust trains en route to the front line. 11 locomotives and 180 wagons and platforms with military cargo were destroyed.

* * *

On November 3rd, north of Kyiv, the company commander of the 327th German Infantry Division, Lieutenant Karl P. Prisoner, voluntarily surrendered, saying: “We did not expect such a rapid Russian offensive. The Soviet artillery was so accurate that my men were stunned. Half of the company's soldiers died. The rest remained in place and surrendered together with me. The mood of not only the soldiers, but also the majority of the officers I met was extremely depressed. We all see how the denouement is approaching. In the winter, when total mobilization was announced, we were assured that Germany would now win the war in the next six months. Ten months passed after this, but Germany did not come to victory, but to disaster.”

ORDER OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER-CHIEF

Army General Vatutin

The troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front, as a result of a swiftly carried out operation with a bold flanking maneuver, today, November 6, at dawn, stormed the capital of Soviet Ukraine, the city of Kyiv - the largest industrial center and the most important strategic hub of the German defense on the right bank of the Dnieper.

With the capture of Kyiv, our troops captured the most important and most advantageous bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper, which is important for expelling the Germans from Right Bank Ukraine.

In the battles for the liberation of the city of Kyiv, the troops of Colonel General Moskalenko, Lieutenant General Chernyakhovsky, tank crews of Lieutenant General Rybalko, pilots of Lieutenant General of Aviation Krasovsky and artillerymen of Major General Artillery Korolkov distinguished themselves.

Particularly distinguished:

167th twice Red Banner Sumy Rifle Division of Major General Melnikov, 232nd Sumy Rifle Division of Major General Ulitin, 340th Sumy Rifle Division of Colonel Zubarev, 163rd Romny Rifle Division of Colonel Karlov, 240th Rifle Division of Colonel Umansky, 136th Infantry Division under Colonel Puzikov, 180th Infantry Division under Major General Shmelev, 1st Separate Czechoslovak Brigade in the USSR under Colonel Svoboda, 74th Infantry Division under Colonel Kuznetsov, 23rd Infantry Division under Lieutenant Colonel Shcherbakov, 30th Infantry Division Colonel Yankovsky, 218th Rifle Division Major General Sklyarov, 121st Rylsk Rifle Division Major General Ladygin, 141st Rifle Division Colonel Rassadnikov, 226th Glukhovskaya Rifle Division Colonel Petrenko, 5th Guards Stalingrad Tank Corps General Lieutenant of Tank Forces Kravchenko, 6th Guards Tank Corps of Major General of Tank Forces Panfilov, 7th Guards Tank Corps of Major General of Tank Forces Suleikov, 291st Voronezh Assault Aviation Division Colonel Vitruk, 202nd Middle Don Bomber Aviation Division Colonel Nechiporenko, 4th Guards Assault Aviation Division, Major General Aviation Baidukov, 264th Assault Aviation Division, Lieutenant Colonel Klobukov, 256th Fighter Aviation Division, Colonel Gerasimov, 8th Guards Red Banner Fighter Aviation Division, Lieutenant Colonel Chupikov, 208th Red Banner Night short-range bomber aviation division of Colonel Yuzeev, 10th Guards Stalingrad Fighter Aviation Division of Colonel Sryvkin, 235th Stalingrad Fighter Aviation Division of Major General of Aviation Lakeev, 17th Artillery Division (breakthrough) of Major General of Artillery Volkenstein, 13th Artillery Division ( breakthrough) Major General of Artillery Krasnokutsky, 3rd Guards Mortar Division Colonel Kolesnikov, 112th Guards Red Banner Cannon Artillery Regiment Lieutenant Colonel Tsesar, 805th Howitzer Artillery Regiment Major Teterin, 839th Howitzer Artillery Regiment Lieutenant Colonel Chistyakov, 12th Separate mortar brigade of Colonel Nemov, 9th Guards fighter anti-tank artillery brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Chernov, 491st mortar regiment of Major Plokhunov, 492nd mortar regiment of Major Glushchenko, 222nd fighter anti-tank artillery regiment of Major Kodyakov, 316th Guards fighter anti-tank artillery Illyrian regiment Lieutenant Colonel Karozin, 868th Red Banner Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment under Major Cech, 1666th Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment under Major Berezin, 1075th Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment under Major Andreev, 4th Guards Red Banner Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Ponomartsev, 2 4th Guards cannon artillery brigade of Colonel Brozgol, 60th separate adjustment aviation squadron of Captain Rastorguev, 811th separate reconnaissance artillery division of Captain Barinov, 8th anti-aircraft artillery division of Colonel Kamensky, 21st anti-aircraft artillery division of Colonel Gudkov, 268th separate engineering battalion Captain Tsitsishvili, 7th Separate Engineering Battalion Major Zhukov, 1505th Separate Engineering Battalion Major Arteev, 1st Guards Cannon Artillery Brigade Colonel Kerp, 3rd Guards (Bakhmach) Light Artillery Brigade Colonel Zhagaly, 65th Guards Mortar Regiment Lieutenant Colonel Pavlova, 98th Guards Mortar Regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Tikhonov, 1157th Cannon Artillery Regiment of Lieutenant Colonel Nazarenko, 497th Mortar Regiment of Major Molchanov, 59th Separate Tank Regiment of Major Skornyakov, 150th Separate Tank Brigade of Colonel Ugryumov.

To commemorate the victory, the formations and units that distinguished themselves in the battles for the liberation of the city of Kyiv will be given the name “Kyiv”.

From now on these connections and parts will be called:

167th twice Red Banner Sumy-Kiev Rifle Division,

232nd Sumy-Kiev Rifle Division,

340th Sumy-Kiev Rifle Division,

163rd Romny-Kiev Rifle Division,

240th Kyiv Rifle Division,

136th Kyiv Rifle Division,

180th Kyiv Rifle Division,

74th Kyiv Rifle Division,

23rd Kyiv Rifle Division,

30th Kyiv Rifle Division,

218th Kyiv Rifle Division,

121st Rylsko-Kiev Rifle Division,

141st Kyiv Rifle Division,

226th Glukhov-Kiev Rifle Division,

5th Guards Stalingrad-Kiev Tank Corps,

6th Guards Kiev Tank Corps,

7th Guards Kiev Tank Corps,

291st Voronezh-Kiev assault aviation division,

4th Guards Kiev Assault Aviation Division,

264th Kiev assault aviation division,

256th Kiev Fighter Aviation Division,

8th Guards Red Banner Kiev Fighter Aviation Division,

208th Red Banner Kiev night short-range bomber aviation division,

17th Kiev Artillery Division (breakthrough),

13th Kiev Artillery Division (breakthrough),

3rd Guards Kiev Mortar Division,

112th Guards Red Banner Kiev Cannon Artillery Regiment,

805th Kiev Howitzer Artillery Regiment,

839th Kiev Howitzer Artillery Regiment,

12th Kiev separate mortar brigade,

9th Guards Kiev Anti-Tank Fighter Brigade,

491st Kyiv Mortar Regiment,

492nd Kyiv Mortar Regiment,

222nd Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

316th Guards Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

868th Red Banner Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

1666th Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

1075th Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

4th Guards Red Banner Kiev Fighter Anti-Tank Artillery Regiment,

24th Guards Kiev Cannon Artillery Brigade,

60th Kiev separate adjustment aviation squadron,

811th Kiev separate reconnaissance artillery division,

8th Kiev anti-aircraft artillery division,

21st Kyiv Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division,

268th Kiev separate engineering battalion,

7th Kiev separate engineering battalion,

1505th Kiev separate engineering battalion,

1st Guards Kiev Cannon Artillery Brigade,

3rd Guards (Bakhmachsko) - Kiev Light Artillery Brigade,

65th Guards Kiev Mortar Regiment,

98th Guards Kiev Mortar Regiment,

1157th Kiev Cannon Artillery Regiment,

497th Kyiv Mortar Regiment,

59th Kiev Separate Tank Regiment,

150th Kiev separate tank brigade.

The 202nd Middle-Don Bomber Aviation Division, the 10th Guards Stalingrad Fighter Aviation Division and the 235th Stalingrad Fighter Aviation Division, who distinguished themselves for the second time in battles with the German invaders, should be presented with the Order of the Red Banner.

The 1st separate Czechoslovak brigade in the USSR, which distinguished itself in the battles for the liberation of the city of Kyiv, should be awarded the Order of Suvorov, II degree.

Today, November 6, at 5 p.m., the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, on behalf of the Motherland, salutes our valiant troops who liberated the city of Kyiv with twenty-four artillery salvoes from three hundred and twenty-four guns.

For excellent military operations, I express gratitude to all the troops led by you who took part in the battles for the liberation of the city of Kyiv.

Eternal glory to the heroes who died in the struggle for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!

Death to the German invaders!

Supreme Commander

Marshal of the Soviet Union I. STALIN

The autumn Moscow sky is again illuminated by the bright lights of multi-colored rockets

The situation in Moscow on November 6, 1943

A ceremonial meeting of the Moscow Council of Working People's Deputies was held jointly with party and public organizations in Moscow, dedicated to the 26th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution.

The Pravda newspaper published a message from the Extraordinary State Commission to establish and investigate the atrocities of the Nazi invaders and their accomplices and the damage they caused to citizens, collective farms, public organizations, state enterprises and institutions of the USSR about the destruction of the city of Smolensk and the atrocities committed by the Nazi invaders over Soviet citizens.

Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the destruction of the city of Smolensk and the atrocities committed by the Nazi invaders against Soviet citizens

The ancient Russian city of Smolensk, rich in events in its development, from century to century reflected in the history of our Motherland the growth of its power and glory. It reached unprecedented prosperity during the years of Soviet power. The number of industrial enterprises and cultural and educational institutions increased with extraordinary speed.

On July 15, 1941, Hitler's hordes broke into Smolensk. Their terrible rule lasted 26 months and 10 days, accompanied by unheard-of atrocities and violence.

With monstrous cruelty and treachery, day after day they destroyed factories and factories, hospitals and clinics, institutes and technical schools, schools and museums, parks and gardens - the entire ancient city, turning it into ashes and ruins.

After the liberation of the city, in only 10 days, miners extracted various buildings more than 100 thousand kilograms of air bombs and delayed action mines.

Based on acts drawn up by representatives of state enterprises and institutions, public organizations, testimony of eyewitnesses and witnesses, as well as on the basis of an investigation carried out by a member of the Extraordinary State Commission, Academician N. N. Burdenko, into the facts of destruction and atrocities committed in Smolensk by Nazi barbarians, installed:

DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC SERVICES

Special teams of arsonists blew up and burned new large houses, entire neighborhoods and streets. Iron beams were cut out of stone buildings using an autogenous machine and taken to Germany. Of the 8,000 houses with a usable area of ​​more than 650 thousand square meters. m, 7,300 houses were destroyed and burned. Destroyed: a reinforced concrete 3-span arch bridge with double-track tram tracks, built in 1930–1931, connecting the Trans-Dnieper region with the city center; 3-span iron bridge with stone bulls lined with granite; two viaducts across the railway track at Smolensk station; all rooms of the baths and utility rooms of the bath and laundry plant.

The German occupiers rendered the entire tram system, consisting of 27 kilometers of track, and the overhead lines of the tram park unusable. The water supply is out of order. The city's population was left without water. Blown up and burned: water towers with reinforced concrete tanks, main pumping station with equipment, pumps, motors, control chamber and pipeline, pumping station with auxiliary structures, 1st and 3rd lift stations with reinforced concrete tanks and control chamber, equipment and buildings above the artesian well shafts were destroyed.

During the retreat from Smolensk, the German scoundrels destroyed the power station and left the city without light and electricity. Turbines, boilers and transformers were rendered unusable: 67 transformer kiosks were destroyed, about 90 kilometers of high and low voltage overhead networks were removed; control and measuring instruments were taken to Germany. The fascist invaders completely destroyed and burned 170 shops, 260 stalls, 85 canteens and restaurants, 2 kitchen factories and other ancillary buildings of trade organizations in Smolensk.

The Nazi invaders caused great damage to the communications department. They destroyed the building of the telegraph, automatic telephone exchange, post office, radio station, and radio receiving station.

They rendered unusable and destroyed the telegraph equipment and station block, automatic telephone exchange, long-distance telephone exchange. The property, materials and household equipment of the communications department were exported to Germany.

According to far from complete data, the total damage caused by the Nazi invaders to public utilities, communications and trade amounts to over 700 million rubles.

INDUSTRY DESTRUCTION

The German invaders destroyed all 96 factories and factories in Smolensk. They destroyed the Smolensk flax mill named after A. A. Andreev, which was put into operation in 1937, and the remaining machines, boilers, rails and various equipment were taken to Germany. The Metiz plant, a music factory, plant No. 35, a mechanical plant, 30 industrial cooperation enterprises, a knitting factory, a plant named after Kalinin, which produced road cars, bitumen boilers and tanks, were destroyed to the ground by the Nazis. At the “Red Sewing Man” factory, the occupiers blew up and destroyed the production building, the school building and warehouses.

In the last days before the flight of the German occupiers from Smolensk, enterprises and residential premises of the regional administration of the construction materials industry were destroyed.

At brick factory No. 1 they blew up and destroyed the kiln, the buildings of two molding shops, a mechanical workshop, and an electrical substation; at the second brick factory they blew up and burned everything industrial buildings and structures and transported transformer substations and motors to Germany; 8.5 kilometers of narrow gauge tracks; Residential buildings and buildings of the workers' settlement were completely burned.

All that was left of brick factory No. 5 were heaps of ruins. The ceramic factory was destroyed and the equipment was taken to Germany. The Nazi invaders took the equipment and tools of the mechanical plant to Germany, and the building was partially destroyed; The 4-story building of the Smolensk Control Research Station for Construction Materials was burned.

The total amount of damage caused by the Nazi invaders to industrial enterprises is estimated at more than 300 million rubles.

DESTRUCTION OF THE RAILWAY JUNCTION

The Smolensk railway junction, which connected the capital of the Soviet Union with the most important economic and industrial centers of the country, through which dozens of freight and passenger trains to Moscow, Minsk, Bryansk, Vitebsk, Sukhinichi passed daily, was completely destroyed by the occupiers. Locomotive and carriage facilities, workshop equipment, power stations, communication and automatic blocking equipment, including rolling stock, were taken to Germany.

During their retreat from Smolensk, the German occupiers blew up 194 kilometers of railway station tracks, 700 turnouts, 5 depots, 3 turntables, 7 water collection points; destroyed 3 thousand linear meters of loading and unloading areas, 18,300 sq. meters of service buildings, 9 baths; destroyed and burned 228 residential buildings with a total area of ​​38 thousand square meters. meters.

The amount of damage to the railway junction is estimated at 60.5 million rubles.

DESTRUCTION OF HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS

Having burst into the city, the German invaders destroyed most of the medical institutions. Patients who were in hospitals were thrown into the street, and valuables medical equipment taken to Germany. Residents of the city were deprived of medical care.

Retreating from Smolensk, Nazi scoundrels burned and blew up the buildings of medical institutions. They destroyed the therapeutic, surgical, infectious diseases, gynecological and maternity departments of the 1st Soviet Clinical Hospital, which was located in 20 buildings. The workers' clinic, the third, fourth and fifth outpatient clinics and the sixth outpatient clinic at the flax mill, three tuberculosis dispensaries, an ambulance station, three women's and children's clinics, a sanatorium for teenagers, 25 nurseries and 1,800 beds, a disinfection station, a milk control station, a sanitary center were completely destroyed. bacteriological laboratory, obstetric clinic, infectious diseases hospital, orphanage, children's dental clinic; looted skin and venereal dispensary, institute physical methods treatment, a children's hospital, a dental school, a health education center, etc.

The damage caused by the Nazi occupiers to medical institutions in the city of Smolensk is estimated at more than 70 million rubles.

DESTRUCTION OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, MUSEUMS AND ANCIENT MONUMENTS

The Nazi invaders destroyed institutes, technical schools, and schools in Smolensk; They plundered the most valuable collections of museums, desecrated and burned ancient monuments. Textbooks and literature, visual aids and instruments, exhibits and museum collections that were of great value were taken by the Nazis to Germany.

The rich library of the pedagogical institute, numbering hundreds of thousands of books, was walled up in the basement to protect it from fire during the bombing. German degenerates found this library and burned all the books. Valuable literature, textbooks, instruments and instruments of the medical institute and institute foreign languages taken out.

In April 1943, the Nazi scoundrels needed rubble. They blew up secondary school No. 23 for this purpose and used the extracted rubble to repair the road.

During the retreat from Smolensk, the Nazi invaders destroyed almost all educational institutions. They burned the buildings of the pedagogical, dental and agricultural institutes; destroyed the financial, cooperative, railway and electrical communications technical schools; burned and blew up 22 schools, eight kindergartens, the regional central library, the city children's library, the Zadneprovskaya library, and the library named after. Gorky and the Rachev Library named after. First of May. 646 thousand books were lost in these libraries. The damage caused by the Nazi occupiers to schools and institutions of the Smolensk City Department of Public Education is estimated at 74 million rubles.

In 1939, a drama theater was opened in Smolensk in a new, well-equipped building. The German invaders plundered the theater's costume department, which contained up to 5 thousand items. Electrical equipment was rendered unusable; lighting equipment and antique furniture was taken to Germany; the scenery was destroyed. They burned the State Circus for 2,500 people with all the equipment, the building of the Philharmonic and the music school. Glinka. The German occupiers destroyed the cinemas named after. XV Years of October with 1000 seats, Palace with 700 seats, Detkino, etc.

The ancient city of Smolensk preserved the most valuable monuments of history and cultural past. It had churches from the initial period of stone construction of the 12th century, a Kremlin, which is one of the largest fortifications in the world, as well as a number of other monuments that characterize the further development of Russian national culture and art up to our time.

In Smolensk before the German occupation there were 4 museums with valuable collections. The Art Museum, which met in 1898, had the richest collections of predominantly Russian historical, artistic, historical, everyday, ethnographic and other valuables: paintings, icons, bronze, porcelain, castings, fabrics. These collections were of world value and were exhibited at an exhibition in France.

The occupiers destroyed the museum and took the most valuable exhibits to Germany.

Only a bronze sculpture of Nikita Panin and a large plaster bas-relief have been preserved in the museum. Outside the museum, on Cathedral Hill, in one of the rooms of the former bishop's house, a small amount of broken and battered property was found randomly dumped.

The historical museum, located in the building of the Theological Church of the 12th century, was completely looted, the museum premises were partially blown up. The museum contained authentic exhibits characterizing the history of the city, and, as the only collection in this regard, it was extremely valuable.

The Museum of Nature in the Kremlin's Thunder Tower consisted of a collection that characterized the nature of the Smolensk region. The fascist scoundrels destroyed the museum’s valuables and converted the building into a barracks.

In the Peter and Paul Church, built in 1146, with extensions from the 17th and 18th centuries, they burned the floors and all the wooden parts of the building. The Arkhangelsk (Svirskaya) Church, built in 1194, was burned by the Nazis on June 28, 1942. The coverings of the head of the bell tower and the entire interior of the building built in 1833 were completely burned.

During the occupation of Smolensk, the German military authorities used the church building as a warehouse. The Ivano-Theological Church of 1180 with an extension of 1770 was blown up during the retreat from Smolensk.

The fortress towers and walls of the Kremlin were built in 1567–1602. destruction has been caused. The Nazi invaders removed the roof from 9 towers of the Kremlin: Volkov, Veselukha, Rogovka, Orel, Avraamievskaya, Zaaltarnaya, Voronin, Dolgochevskaya and Zimbulka; they burned the Dnieper Gate with the gate church; dismantled the interfloor ceilings of the Bubleyka tower. They set up a warehouse of explosives in the Gurkin Tower. IN east wall The Kremlin made several breaches. The German occupiers burned the Trinity Monastery. In the monastery cathedral built in 1674, the roofs over all the buildings burned down. In the bell tower of the 17th century. The chapter burned down, in the Church of the Conception, built in 1767, the roof, ceilings and all the wooden parts of the building burned down. Wooden house of the viceroy of the archbishop built in the 17th century. destroyed by fire. Only the stone vaulted cellars have survived.

The German invaders completely burned the churches: Spasskaya - built in the 18th century, Dukhovskaya - 18th century, Pokrovskaya - 19th century. They burned all the wooden parts in the churches: Nizhne-Nikolskaya beyond the Dnieper built in the 18th century, Georgievskaya - early 18th century, Nizhne-Blagoveshchenskaya - 1779, in the Epiphany Cathedral - 1781; they blew up the Verkhne-St. Nicholas Church and the Vvedenskaya Church of the Avraamiev Monastery; A bronze monument to Kutuzov and guns from the 1812 monument were taken to Germany.

Rosenberg's main headquarters for the seizure and removal of valuables from the occupied regions of the East had a special department in Smolensk, headed by Dr. Heppling, the organizer of the looting of museums and historical monuments.

The Extraordinary State Commission considers the given data on the damage caused by the Nazi invaders and their accomplices to public organizations, state enterprises and institutions of the city of Smolensk to be only preliminary. The exact extent of the damage will be established after the final clearing of the territory and a thorough examination of the destruction of buildings, factories, factories, cultural and educational institutions, museums, historical monuments and other structures.

The Extraordinary State Commission, based on statements of Soviet citizens, testimony of witnesses, acts and a special investigation, established that the Nazi invaders in the city of Smolensk and its environs tortured and exterminated civilian Soviet citizens and prisoners of war.

Combat composition of the Voronezh Front

Battle of Kursk

Table of ranges of destruction of enemy tanks by anti-tank guns and self-propelled guns of the Soviet troops***
Subdivision	Commander	Notes
Voronezh Front	General N.F. Vatutin
6th Guards Army	General I. M. Chistyakov
22nd Guards Rifle Corps	General N.B. Ibyansky
67th Guards Rifle Division	Colonel A.I. Baksov
71st Guards Rifle Division	Colonel I. P. Sivakov
90th Guards Rifle Division	Colonel V. G. Chernov
23rd Guards Rifle Corps	General P. P. Vakhrameev
51st Guards Rifle Division	General N. T. Tovartkiladze
52nd Guards Rifle Division	Colonel I. M. Nekrasov
375th Infantry Division	Colonel P. D. Govorunenko
89th Guards Rifle Division
27th Cannon Artillery Brigade
33rd Cannon Artillery Brigade
628th Cannon Artillery Regiment
27th Anti-Tank Brigade
28th Anti-Tank Brigade
493 Anti-Tank Regiment
496 Anti-Tank Regiment
611 anti-tank fighter regiment
694 anti-tank fighter regiment
868 Anti-Tank Regiment
1008 Anti-Tank Regiment
1240 anti-tank fighter regiment
1666 anti-tank fighter regiment
1667 anti-tank fighter regiment
263rd Mortar Regiment
295th Mortar Regiment
16th Guards Mortar Regiment
5th Guards Mortar Regiment
79th Guards Mortar Regiment
26th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
1487 anti-aircraft artillery regiment
69th Tank Brigade
230th tank regiment
245 tank regiment		in service with "Grant" and "Stuart"
1440 self-propelled artillery regiment
60th separate tank regiment
96th Tank Brigade	General V. G. Lebedev
7th Guards Army	General M. S. Shumilov
24th Guards Rifle Corps
15th Guards Rifle Division
36th Guards Rifle Division
72nd Guards Rifle Division
25th Guards Rifle Corps	General G. B. Safiulin
73rd Guards Rifle Division
78th Guards Rifle Division
213th Rifle Division
81st Guards Rifle Division
109th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
151st Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
265th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
30th Anti-Tank Brigade
114th Guards Anti-Tank Regiment
115th Guards Anti-Tank Regiment
1669 anti-tank fighter regiment
1670 anti-tank fighter regiment
290th Mortar Regiment
5th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
162nd Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment
258th Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment
27th Guards Tank Brigade
201st tank brigade		in service with "Valentine" and "Matilda"
148th separate tank regiment
167th separate tank regiment
262nd separate tank regiment
34th separate tank regiment
38th separate tank regiment
1430 self-propelled artillery regiment
1529 self-propelled artillery regiment
38th Army
167th Infantry Division		did not participate in battles
180th Rifle Division		did not participate in battles
204th Rifle Division	Colonel K. M. Baidak
232nd Rifle Division		did not participate in battles
240th Rifle Division		did not participate in battles
340th Infantry Division		did not participate in battles
112th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
111th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
29th Anti-Tank Brigade
1658 anti-tank fighter regiment
222 anti-tank fighter regiment
483 Anti-Tank Regiment
1660 anti-tank fighter regiment
66th Guards Mortar Regiment
491st Mortar Regiment
492 mortar regiment
314th Guards Mortar Regiment
991st anti-aircraft artillery regiment
1288 anti-aircraft artillery regiment
180th Tank Brigade
192 tank brigade
40 army
100th Rifle Division		did not participate in battles
161st rifle division		did not participate in battles
184th Rifle Division	Colonel S.I. Tsukarev
206th Infantry Division		did not participate in battles
219th Rifle Division	General V.P. Kotelnikov
237th Infantry Division		did not participate in battles
309th Infantry Division
36th Cannon Artillery Brigade
29 howitzer-artillery brigade
76th Guards Cannon Artillery Regiment
32nd anti-tank brigade
4th Guards Anti-Tank Fighter Regiment
12th Anti-Tank Regiment
869 anti-tank fighter regiment
1244 anti-tank fighter regiment
1663 anti-tank fighter regiment
1664 anti-tank fighter regiment
493rd Mortar Regiment
494th Mortar Regiment
9th Mountain Pack Mortar Regiment
10th Mountain Pack Mortar Regiment
3 regiments of the 9th anti-aircraft artillery division
86th Tank Brigade	Colonel V. S. Agafonov
59th separate tank regiment
60th separate tank regiment
69 army	General V. D. Kryuchenkin
107th Infantry Division		limited participation
111th Rifle Division
183rd Rifle Division	General A. S. Kostitsyn
270th Infantry Division
305th Infantry Division
1661 anti-tank fighter regiment
496th Mortar Regiment
225th Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment
322 separate anti-aircraft artillery division
1 tank army	General M. E. Katukov
3 mechanized corps	General S. M. Krivoshein	at the end of July renamed into 8th Guards Mechanized Corps
1 mechanized brigade	Colonel F.P. Lipatepkov
3rd mechanized brigade	Colonel A. Kh. Babajanyan
10th mechanized brigade	Colonel Yakovlev
49 Tank Brigade	Colonel Burda A.F.
1 Guards Tank Brigade	Colonel V. M. Gorelov
58th Motorcycle Battalion
35th Anti-Tank Regiment
254th Mortar Regiment
405th separate guards mortar division
6th Tank Corps	General A. L. Getman	at the end of July renamed 11th Guards
22 tank brigade
112 tank brigade	Colonel M. T. Leonov
200 tank brigade	Colonel N.V. Morgunov
6th Motorized Rifle Brigade
85th Motorcycle Battalion
538 Anti-Tank Regiment
270th Mortar Regiment
1461 self-propelled artillery regiment
31st Tank Corps	General D. Kh. Chernienko	not fully formed by the beginning of the Kursk Bulge
100th Tank Brigade	Colonel H. M. Ivanov
237 tank brigade	Major N.P. Protsenko
242 tank brigade	Lieutenant Colonel V. P. Sokolov
Separate units of front-line subordination
35th Guards Rifle Corps	General S. G. Goryachev
92nd Guards Rifle Division
93rd Guards Rifle Division
94th Guards Rifle Division
2nd Guards Tank Corps		July 11 subordinated to the 5th Guards Tank Army
4th Guards Tank Brigade
25th Guards Tank Brigade
26th Guards Tank Brigade
4th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade
1500 anti-tank fighter regiment
273rd Mortar Regiment
755th separate anti-tank fighter division
1655 anti-aircraft artillery regiment
5th Guards Tank Corps	General A. G. Kravchenko
20th Guards Tank Brigade
21st Guards Tank Brigade
22nd Guards Tank Brigade
6th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade
48th Guards Tank Regiment
1499 anti-tank fighter regiment
454th Mortar Regiment
1696 anti-aircraft artillery regiment
23rd reconnaissance battalion
80th Motorcycle Battalion
1528 howitzer artillery regiment
1076 anti-tank fighter regiment
1689 anti-tank fighter regiment
36th Guards Mortar Regiment
80th Guards Mortar Regiment
97th Guards Mortar Regiment
309th Guards Mortar Regiment
12th Mortar Brigade
315th Guards Mortar Regiment
22 separate guards anti-aircraft artillery division
203rd separate heavy tank regiment		in service with the KV-2 and KV-1. Little participation in battles
Given during the battles
10th Tank Corps	General V. G. Burkov	transferred to the end of 7.07 from the 5th Guards Army of the Steppe Front
178th Tank Brigade
183 tank brigade
186th Tank Brigade
11th motorized rifle brigade
2nd Tank Corps	General A.F. Popov	transferred to the end of 7.07 from the Southwestern Front
26th Tank Brigade
99th Tank Brigade
169th Tank Brigade
58th motorized rifle brigade
15th separate tank regiment
12 dept. armored battalion
1698 anti-aircraft artillery regiment
1502 anti-tank fighter regiment
269th Mortar Regiment
307 Guards mortar division
5th Guards Army	General A. S. Zhadov	July 10 subordinated to the Voronezh Front from the Steppe Front
42 Guards rifle division	General F. A. Bobrov
57th Tank Regiment
32 Guards Corps	General A. I. Rodimtsev
13th Guards Rifle Division	General G.V. Baklanov
6th Guards VDD
66th Guards rifle division	General A.V. Yakshin
33 Guards rifle corps	General I. I. Popov
9th Guards Airborne Division	Colonel A. M. Sazonov
95th Guards Rifle Division	Colonel A. N. Lyakhov
97th Guards Rifle Division	Colonel I. I. Antsiferov
5th Guards Tank Army	General Rotmistrov P.A.
10th Anti-Tank Brigade
1549 self-propelled artillery regiment		SU-76 No data on participation in battles
26th air defense division
1 motorcycle regiment
53rd Guards Tank Regiment	Major N. A. Kurnosov
678th Guards Artillery Regiment
18th separate tank corps	General B. S. Bakharov
170th tank brigade	Lieutenant Colonel A. I. Kazakov
181 tank brigade	Lieutenant Colonel V. A. Puzyrev
36th Guards Heavy Tank Regiment
32 motorized rifle brigade	Lieutenant Colonel I. A. Stukov
292nd Mortar Regiment
1000th anti-tank regiment
1694 Air Defense Regiment
736th anti-tank battalion
29th Tank Corps	General I. F. Kirichenko
25th Tank Brigade	Colonel N.K. Volodi
31st tank brigade	Colonel S.F. Moiseev
32 tank brigade	Colonel A. A. Lineva
53 motorized rifle brigade	Lieutenant Colonel N.P. Lipichev
1446 self-propelled artillery regiment	captain M. S. Lunev
108th anti-tank regiment
271st Mortar Regiment
747th anti-tank battalion
75th Motorcycle Battalion
5th Guards Mechanized Corps	Major General B. M. Skvortsov
10th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade	Colonel I. B. Mikhailov
11th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade	Colonel Grishchenko
12th Guards Motorized Rifle Brigade	Colonel G. Ya. Borisenko
24th Guards Tank Brigade	Lieutenant Colonel Karpov V.P.
409th Guards Mortar Regiment
104th Guards Anti-Tank Regiment
1447 self-propelled artillery regiment

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In January 1942, by decision of the Supreme Command Headquarters, the formation of 20 guards mortar regiments began.

The history of the creation of the legendary guards mortar "Katyusha" begins in the early 1920s, when Soviet Russia began to conduct experiments on the development of rockets based on black powder. In 1921, engineers N.I. began working on the project. Tikhomirov and V.A. Artemyev from the gas dynamic laboratory.

By 1933, the work was almost complete and official testing began. To launch them, multi-charge aviation and single-charge ground launchers were used. These shells were prototypes of those later used on Katyushas. The project was finally entrusted to a group of developers from the Jet Institute for further development. By the mid-1930s, rockets entered service with the Red Army. In 1937-38 they were used on I-15, I-16, I-153 fighters, and later on Il-2 attack aircraft.

The first combat use of a new type of powder rockets by the Red Army dates back to the battles at Khalkhin Gol. In August 1939, a group of I-16 fighters under the command of test pilot Nikolai Zvonarev used RS-82 missiles for the first time. The Japanese initially decided that their planes were attacked by a well-camouflaged anti-aircraft gun. Only a few days later, one of the officers who took part in the air battle reported: “Under the wings of Russian aircraft, I saw bright flashes of flame!”

Experts flew in from Tokyo, examined the damaged aircraft and agreed that such destruction could only be caused by a shell with a diameter of at least 76 mm. But calculations showed that an aircraft capable of withstanding the recoil of a gun of this caliber simply could not exist! Only experimental fighters tested 20 mm guns. To find out the secret, a real hunt was announced for the planes of Captain Zvonarev and his comrades, pilots Pimenov, Fedorov, Mikhailenko and Tkachenko. But the Japanese failed to shoot down or land at least one car.

The results of the first use of missiles launched from aircraft exceeded all expectations. In less than a month of fighting, the pilots of Zvonarev’s group flew 85 combat missions and shot down 13 enemy aircraft in 14 air battles.

The success of the new weapon spurred work on the first version of a multi-charge unit, which later turned into the Katyusha. At NII-3 of the People's Commissariat of Ammunition, as the RNII was called before the war, this work was led by Andrei Kostikov as chief engineer. The first version of the future Katyusha was loaded with 132-mm shells, similar to those that Captain Zvonarev fired at Khalkhin Gol. The entire installation with 24 guides was mounted on a ZIS-5 truck. Here the authorship belongs to Ivan Gvai, who had previously made the “Flute” - an installation for rockets on the I-15 and I-16 fighters. The first field tests near Moscow, carried out at the beginning of 1939, revealed many shortcomings.

By that time, a group led by Leonid Shvarts had designed and tested samples of new 132-mm missiles. In the fall of 1939, another series of tests was carried out at the Leningrad artillery range. This time, the launchers and their shells were approved. From that moment on, the rocket launcher began to be officially called BM-13, which meant “combat vehicle”, and 13 was an abbreviation for the caliber of the 132-mm rocket.

The BM-13 combat vehicle was a chassis of a three-axle ZIS-6 vehicle, on which a rotary truss with a package of guides and a guidance mechanism was installed. For aiming, a rotating and lifting mechanism and an artillery sight were provided. At the rear of the combat vehicle there were two jacks, which ensured its greater stability when firing. The missiles were launched using a hand-held electric coil connected to a battery and contacts on the guides. When the handle was turned, the contacts closed in turn, and the starting squib was fired in the next projectile.

On June 21, 1941, the Katyusha BM was demonstrated to the leadership of the CPSU (b) and the Soviet government. Literally a few hours before the start of the Great Patriotic War, a decision was made to begin serial production of M-13 rockets and the BM-13 launcher. Production took place at 2 enterprises: at the Moscow Kompressor plant and the Voronezh plant named after. Comintern. The main plant for the production of rockets was the Moscow plant named after. Vladimir Ilyich.

On June 26, 1941, the assembly of the first two production BM-13s based on the ZIS-6 was completed in Voronezh. On June 28, the installations were tested at a training ground near Moscow and became available to the army.

In the first week of the Great Patriotic War, a battery of multiple rocket launchers was formed. Its command staff was staffed mainly by students of the Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy. Captain Ivan Flerov, an artilleryman with experience of the Soviet-Finnish war, was appointed commander of the battery. Neither the officers nor the numbers of the combat crews of the first battery had any special training; during the formation period they managed to conduct only three classes.

They were led by missile weapons developers, design engineer Popov and military engineer 2nd rank Shitov. Just before the end of class, Popov pointed to a large wooden box mounted on the running board of a combat vehicle. “When we send you to the front,” he said, “we will fill this box with sabers and put a squib cartridge so that at the slightest threat of the enemy’s seizure of the rocket weapons, we can blow up both the installation and the shells.” Two days after leaving Moscow, the battery became part of the 20th Army of the Western Front, fighting for Smolensk.

On the night of July 12-13, the battery was alerted and sent to Orsha. At the Orsha station, many German trains with troops, equipment, ammunition and fuel accumulated. Flerov ordered the battery to be deployed five kilometers from the station, behind a hill. The engines of the vehicles were not turned off in order to immediately leave the position after the salvo. At 15:15 on July 14, 1941, Captain Flerov gave the command to open fire. The morale effect of the use of rocket mortars was stunning. The enemy lost more than an infantry battalion and a huge amount of military equipment and weapons at the Orsha station. On the same day, Flerov’s battery fired at the crossing of the Orshitsa River, where a lot of Nazi manpower and equipment had also accumulated. In the following days, the battery was used in various directions of the 20th Army's operations as a fire reserve for the chief of artillery of the army. Several successful salvoes were fired at the enemy in the areas of Rudnya, Smolensk, Yartsevo, and Dukhovshina.

The German command tried to get samples of the Russian wonder weapons. The hunt began for Captain Flerov's battery, as once for Zvonarev's fighters. On October 7, 1941, near the village of Bogatyr, Vyazemsky district, Smolensk region, the Germans managed to surround the battery. The enemy attacked her suddenly, on the march, firing from different sides. The forces were unequal, but the crews fought desperately, Flerov used up the last ammunition and then blew up the launchers. In 1995, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Ivan Flerov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.

By the beginning of 1945, 38 separate divisions, 114 regiments, 11 brigades and 7 divisions armed with rocket artillery were operating on the battlefields.

Kopylov N.A. Ph.D.
chief specialist of the Russian Military Historical Society,
Associate Professor MGIMO(U)

Mortar regiment of the 55th Army as part of the active army with 09.12.1942 By 8.01.1943 of the year. 534th Army Mortar Regiment formed by renaming the mortar regiment of the 55th Army, as part of the active army with 08.01.1943 By 5.01.1945 of the year.

• The 534th Airborne Regiment took part in the second stage Krasnoborsk-Smerdynsk offensive operation (February 10-27 and March 19 - April 2, 1943).

Participation in the Great Patriotic War of 1944

• January 14 - March 1, 1944 - Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation, where the 42nd Army advanced from the Pulkovo Heights area to Krasnoe Selo, Ropsha. Overcoming stubborn enemy resistance, its formations and units on January 19 stormed a strong defense center - the city of Krasnoe Selo and by the end of that day united southeast of Ropsha with the troops of the 2nd Shock Army, thereby completing the encirclement of the remnants of the defeated group of German troops in the area north of Ropsha and Krasnoye Selo.
• January 16, 1944 - combat operation of the 534th Army Regiment, under the command of Major Tevzadze D.I., in the Verkhnee-Koirovo area. The former village of Verkhnee-Koirovo ceased to exist after the war.
• January 20, 1944 - after the liquidation of the encircled group of enemy troops, the 42nd Army continued the offensive and liberated the cities of Uritsk (January 20), Pushkin (city) and Pavlovsk (St. Petersburg) (January 24), Gatchina (January 26).
• January 28, 1944 - operation of the 534th Airborne Regiment in the area of ​​Ilkino station.
• February 4, 1944 - the city of Gdov was liberated by troops of the 42nd Army with the active support of partisans.
• February 16, 1944 - further advance of Soviet troops to the south began.
• February 16 - March 1, 1944 troops of the Leningrad Front with the forces of the right wing expanded the bridgehead on the river. Narva, and the troops of the left wing continued to pursue the enemy in the Pskov and Ostrovsky directions. The main forces of the 2nd Baltic Front pursued the retreating formations of the German 16th Army.
• By the end of February 1944, the troops of the 42nd Army reached the outer perimeter of the enemy's Pskov-Ostrovsky fortified area from the north, and south of it to the line Novorzhev, Pustoshka, where, having met stubborn resistance, they went on the defensive on March 12.
• On March 1, 1944, the troops of the Leningrad Front and the 2nd Baltic Front, by order of the Supreme High Command Headquarters, went on the defensive.
• April 1944 - the 534th mortar regiment, under the command of Major Shabliy F.E., is fighting protracted battles as part of the 54th Army in the Pskov direction near the village of Staroselye, Kaskovskaya volost.
• On April 23, 1944, an order was received to redeploy to the Leningrad area and to reassign General Gusev and artillery commander Mikhalkin to the command of the 21st Army.
• June 10 - June 20, 1944 - Vyborg offensive operation" within Vyborg-Petrozavodsk offensive operation(June 10 - August 9, 1944).
• June 10, 1944 - breakthrough of enemy defenses in the Sestroretsk-Beloostrov area and access to the Finnish village of Kusseina.
• June 11, 1944 - capture of the city of Terijoki. Reconnaissance in the Raivolo area.
• June 12-13, 1944 - a protracted assault on the Kuteselka stronghold.
• June 15, 1944 - breakthrough and advance to the settlement of Inonkyulya - 534 aminp supports the offensive of the 173rd Infantry Regiment of the 90th Infantry Division.
• June 18, 1944 - breakthrough behind enemy lines through Koivisto by a strike group consisting of the 176th Infantry Regiment, 46th Infantry Division (3rd formation) under the command of Major Semenov, 1238th regiment of self-propelled guns SU-152 of Major Kotov and 534 of the 2nd Aminp of Major Chablius, to strike from the rear along the Finnish defense line - the famous Mannerheim Line south of the village of Kuppaniscotti. Monument to the soldiers of the 46th division in the Vsevolozhsk region, town. named after Morozov.
• June 20, 1944 - capture of the city of Vyborg.
• June 26, 1944 - battles outside Vyborg in the area of ​​​​height 41.6.
• July 2, 1944 - By Order of the Supreme Command Headquarters No. 0173, formations and units that distinguished themselves in the battles during the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line and the capture of the city and fortress of Vyborg were given the name Vyborg, including: 534th Vyborg Aminp (commander - Major Shabliy, Fedor Eliseevich ).
• July 4, 1944 - a heavy Finnish heavy artillery attack on the headquarters of the 534th regiment. Big losses.
• July 17, 1944 - an attempt by the Finns to break through the regiment’s defenses in the defile of lakes Ihantala-järvi and Salo-järvi.
• September 5, 1944 - at 10:00 cessation of hostilities with Finland.
• January 2, 1945 - order for redeployment to Zhitomir.

Participation in the Great Patriotic War of 1945

The 534th Guards Vyborg Mortar Regiment was formed on January 13, 1945 through the transformation of the 534th Army Regiment. As part of the active army with 20.02.1945 By 11.05.1945 of the year.

• January 15, 1945 - arrival at the Zhytomyr artillery camps, where the 534th Guards Vyborg Mortar Regiment 120 mm mortars entered together with the 205th cannon regiment (from 21.2.45) and the 211th Guards Riga Howitzer Regiment (transformed from the 385th Riga GAP on 20.1.45) into the 57th divisional artillery brigade, subordinate to the command of General Vindushev . The 57th Divisional Artillery Brigade had 20 76 mm cannons, 20 122 mm howitzers and 20 120 mm mortars. The brigade commander was simultaneously the deputy commander and commander of the division's artillery. A separate anti-tank division was armed with 57-mm ZIS-2 anti-tank guns. The formation of the division's artillery took place on the basis of the relevant orders of the commander of the artillery of the Red Army, developing the order of the VKG headquarters dated December 14, 1944 No. 0047.
• February 6, 1945 - we left for the front in a southern direction.
• from February 21, 1945 106th Guards. SD, which included the 534th Guards. Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the Active Army.
• March 13, 1945 - offensive planning and reconnaissance in force in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe settlement of Cekbereny, north-west of Budapest. The 534th Regiment, part of the 57th Artillery Brigade, supports the 351st Rifle Regiment of the 106th Guards Rifle Division under the command of Colonel Fedotov. The 534th Regiment marched with the 351st Regiment from the beginning of hostilities to the end of the war. Its combat activities are inseparable from the combat activities of the 351st Regiment. And therefore the history of military operations of the 351st Guards. rifle regiment - there is a history of the 534th Guards. mortar regiment.
• March 17, 1945 - capture of the city of Mór.
• March 20, 1945 - capture of the settlements of Tarlan, Nadveleg. Advancement in the direction of the village of Aka.
• March 23, 1945 - redeployment to the Durard region. Advance in the direction of the village of Bakonysintlaszlo.
• March 26, 1945 - counter battle with an SS group in an armored personnel carrier.
• March 29, 1945 - crossing of the Rab Canal and advance in the direction of Vamos, Chalad, Cher.
• March 30, 1945 - a night reconnaissance raid on an armored personnel carrier behind enemy lines near a Hungarian village with the Russian name Ivan. During the day there was an intense battle between the 351st Rifle Regiment of the 106th Guards Rifle Division and with fire support from the 534th Mortar Regiment and a division of the 211th Howitzer Regiment.
• April 4, 1945 - capture of the city of Baden (Lower Austria). Exit to Sant'Elena.
• April 5-6, 1945 - active battle for the village of Alland.
• April 8, 1945 - capture of the city of Clausen-Leopoldsdorf.
• April 9, 1945 - advance to the area of ​​​​the settlement of Altlengbach.
• April 15, 1945 - rapid advance in the area of ​​Reit (Alpbachtal), Pira, Statersdorf. Fight in the St. Pölten area.
• April 18, 1945 - battle at a brick factory west of St. Pölten.
• April 25 - May 4, 1945 - vacation in Vienna. Participation in the May Day parade.
• May 5, 1945 - reconnaissance in the Eibentheil area.
• May 8, 1945 - pursuit of the retreating enemy in the direction: Eichenbrun, Storisdorf, Haugsdorf, Rötz, Drosendorf, Raabe, Hardeck on Thaya. Along the way, individual enemy groups surrendered.
• May 9, 1945 - night battle with an enemy tank barrier. Losses: 2 vehicles, 2 76 mm guns and several people killed. At dawn, when approaching the city of Gardeck, they encountered resistance from Volkssturm groups. In the evening we arrived in the city of Slavonice on the territory of Czechoslovakia. Victory in the Great Patriotic War was celebrated there!
• May 10, 1945 - the regiment was camped near a forest 10 km from Žinhnoj Hradec.
• May 20, 1945 - general review of units. Conducted by: corps commander General Utvenko and corps artillery commander Colonel Zubchaninov, commander of the 106th Guards Rifle Division General Vindushev and others.
• June 4, 1945 - redeployment of units of the 38th Guards Rifle Corps from Czechoslovakia.
• July 7, 1945 - settled in camp on the island of Segetsen Miklos on the Danube, east of Budapest.
• January 20, 1946 - The 534th Regiment leaves the camps and is loaded at the station. Budapest-commodity.
• February 16, 1946 - The 534th Guards Vyborg Mortar Regiment arrived in the city of Teykovo, Ivanovo Region.
• June 8, 1946 - The 534th Regiment is redeployed to the Tula Tesnitskie camps.
• In the spring of 1946, units of the 106th Guards Rifle Division, renamed the 106th Guards Airborne Division, redeployed in full force to their homeland in Tula and began planned combat training under the Airborne Forces program.

Full name

• Mortar Regiment (MinP) of the 55th Army (9.12.42-8.1.43.)
• 534th Army Mortar Regiment (AMINP) (8.1.43.-5.1.45.)
• 534th Vyborg Army Mortar Regiment(from 06.21.44.)
• 534th Guards Vyborg Mortar Regiment (20.02.45.-11.05.45.)

Commanders

• Tevzadze, David Iosifovich, born in 1905, Georgian, in the Red Army since 1927, member of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) since 1931, major, awarded the Order of the Red Banner, medal “For the Defense of Leningrad.” Member of the Finnish Company 1939-1940.
• Shabliy, Fedor Eliseevich, born in 1918, Ukrainian, place of birth: Ukrainian SSR, Dnepropetrovsk region, Krivoy Rog, in the Red Army since 1936 (volunteer), member of the CPSU (b) since 1939, Art. lieutenant (1941), captain (1942), major (1943), guards. lieutenant colonel (1945), awarded the Order of the Red Star (1942), Patriotic War 2nd degree (1943), Patriotic War 1st degree (1943), Red Banner (1944), Alexander Nevsky (1944), Red Banner (1945), Patriotic War 1st degree (1985), medals “For the Defense of Leningrad”, “For the Defense of Stalingrad”, “For the Capture of Vienna”.

Subordination

date	Front (district)	Army	Frame	Division	Brigade	Notes
12/09/1942	Leningrad Front	55th Army	-	-	-	-
01/08/1943	Leningrad Front	55th Army	-	-	-	-
02/01/1943	Leningrad Front	55th Army	-	-	-	-
03/01/1943	Leningrad Front	55th Army	-	-	-	-
04/01/1943	Leningrad Front	55th Army	-	-	-	-
05/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
06/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
07/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
08/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
09/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
01.10.1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
01.11.1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
12/01/1943	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
01/01/1944	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
02/01/1944	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
03/01/1944	Leningrad Front	42nd Army	-	-	-	-
04/01/1944	Leningrad Front	54th Army	-	-	-	-
05/01/1944	Leningrad Front	- frontal subordination	-	-	-	-
06/01/1944	Leningrad Front	21st Army	-	-	-	-
07/01/1944	Leningrad Front	21st Army	-	-	-	-
08/01/1944	Leningrad Front	21st Army	-	-	-	-
09/01/1944	Leningrad Front	21st Army	-	-	-	-
01.10.1944	Leningrad Front	59th Army	-	-	-	-
01.11.1944	Leningrad Front	23rd Army	-	-	-	-
12/01/1944	Leningrad Front	- frontal subordination	-	-	-	-
01/01/1945	Leningrad Front	23rd Army	-	-	-	-
01/13/1945	Reserve Rates of the High Command	9th Guards Army	38th Guards Rifle Corps	106th Guards Rifle Division	57th Guards div. art. brigade	-Zhytomyr artillery camps
02/01/1945	Reserve Rates of the High Command	9th Guards Army	38th Guards Rifle Corps	106th Guards Rifle Division	57th Guards div. art. brigade	-
02/21/1945	2nd Ukrainian Front	9th Guards Army	38th Guards Rifle Corps	106th Guards Rifle Division	57th Guards div. art. brigade	-
04/01/1945	3rd Ukrainian Front	9th Guards Army	38th Guards Rifle Corps	106th Guards Rifle Division	57th Guards div. art. brigade	-
05/01/1945	3rd Ukrainian Front	9th Guards Army	38th Guards Rifle Corps	106th Guards Rifle Division	57th Guards div. art. brigade	-

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Links

• Award sheets for soldiers of the 534th Guards Mortar Regiment: Website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. All-Russian electronic bank of documents “Feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”

Excerpt characterizing the 534th Mortar Regiment

- Am I standing? after all, she said; but couldn’t help herself on her tiptoes. - So that’s what I am! I will never marry anyone, but will become a dancer. But do not tell anyone.
Rostov laughed so loudly and cheerfully that Denisov from his room became envious, and Natasha could not resist laughing with him. - No, it’s good, isn’t it? – she kept saying.
- Okay, don’t you want to marry Boris anymore?
Natasha flushed. - I don’t want to marry anyone. I'll tell him the same thing when I see him.
- That's how it is! - said Rostov.
“Well, yes, it’s all nothing,” Natasha continued to chatter. - Why is Denisov good? – she asked.
- Good.
- Well, goodbye, get dressed. Is he scary, Denisov?
- Why is it scary? – asked Nicholas. - No. Vaska is nice.
- You call him Vaska - strange. And that he is very good?
- Very good.
- Well, come quickly and drink tea. Together.
And Natasha stood on tiptoe and walked out of the room the way dancers do, but smiling the way only happy 15-year-old girls smile. Having met Sonya in the living room, Rostov blushed. He didn't know how to deal with her. Yesterday they kissed in the first minute of the joy of their date, but today they felt that it was impossible to do this; he felt that everyone, his mother and sisters, looked at him questioningly and expected from him how he would behave with her. He kissed her hand and called her you - Sonya. But their eyes, having met, said “you” to each other and kissed tenderly. With her gaze she asked him for forgiveness for the fact that at Natasha’s embassy she dared to remind him of his promise and thanked him for his love. With his gaze he thanked her for the offer of freedom and said that one way or another, he would never stop loving her, because it was impossible not to love her.
“How strange it is,” said Vera, choosing a general moment of silence, “that Sonya and Nikolenka now met like strangers.” – Vera’s remark was fair, like all her comments; but like most of her remarks, everyone felt awkward, and not only Sonya, Nikolai and Natasha, but also the old countess, who was afraid of this son’s love for Sonya, which could deprive him of a brilliant party, also blushed like a girl. Denisov, to Rostov’s surprise, in a new uniform, pomaded and perfumed, appeared in the living room as dandy as he was in battle, and as amiable with ladies and gentlemen as Rostov had never expected to see him.

Returning to Moscow from the army, Nikolai Rostov was accepted by his family as the best son, hero and beloved Nikolushka; relatives - as a sweet, pleasant and respectful young man; acquaintances - like a handsome hussar lieutenant, a deft dancer and one of the best grooms in Moscow.
The Rostovs knew all of Moscow; money in this year the old count had enough, because all the estates were re-mortgaged, and therefore Nikolushka, having his own trotter and the most fashionable leggings, special ones that no one else in Moscow had, and boots, the most fashionable, with the sharpest toes and small silver spurs, had a lot of fun. Rostov, returning home, experienced a pleasant feeling after some period of time trying on himself to the old living conditions. It seemed to him that he had matured and grown very much. Despair for failing to pass an exam according to the law of God, borrowing money from Gavrila for a cab driver, secret kisses with Sonya, he remembered all this as childishness, from which he was now immeasurably far away. Now he is a hussar lieutenant in a silver mentic, with a soldier's George, preparing his trotter to run, together with famous hunters, elderly, respectable. He knows a lady on the boulevard whom he goes to see in the evening. He conducted a mazurka at the Arkharovs’ ball, talked about the war with Field Marshal Kamensky, visited an English club, and was on friendly terms with a forty-year-old colonel whom Denisov introduced him to.
His passion for the sovereign weakened somewhat in Moscow, since during this time he did not see him. But he often talked about the sovereign, about his love for him, making it felt that he was not telling everything yet, that there was something else in his feelings for the sovereign that could not be understood by everyone; and with all my heart he shared the general feeling of adoration in Moscow at that time for Emperor Alexander Pavlovich, who in Moscow at that time was given the name of an angel in the flesh.
During this short stay of Rostov in Moscow, before leaving for the army, he did not become close, but on the contrary, broke up with Sonya. She was very pretty, sweet, and obviously passionately in love with him; but he was in that time of youth when there seems to be so much to do that there is no time to do it, and the young man is afraid to get involved - he values ​​​​his freedom, which he needs for many other things. When he thought about Sonya during this new stay in Moscow, he said to himself: Eh! there will be many more, many more of these, somewhere, still unknown to me. I’ll still have time to make love when I want, but now there’s no time. In addition, it seemed to him that there was something humiliating for his courage in female society. He went to balls and sororities, pretending that he was doing it against his will. Running, an English club, carousing with Denisov, a trip there - that was another matter: it was befitting of a fine hussar.
At the beginning of March, the old Count Ilya Andreich Rostov was preoccupied with arranging a dinner at an English club to receive Prince Bagration.
The Count in a dressing gown walked around the hall, giving orders to the club steward and the famous Theoktistus, the senior cook of the English club, about asparagus, fresh cucumbers, strawberries, veal and fish for Prince Bagration's dinner. The Count, from the day the club was founded, was its member and foreman. He was entrusted by the club with arranging a celebration for Bagration, because rarely did anyone know how to organize a feast in such a grand manner, hospitably, especially because rarely did anyone know how and want to contribute their money if they were needed to organize the feast. The cook and housekeeper of the club listened to the count's orders with cheerful faces, because they knew that under no one else could they profit better from a dinner that cost several thousand.
- So look, put scallops, scallops in the cake, you know! “So there are three cold ones?...” asked the cook. The Count thought about it. “No less, three... mayonnaise times,” he said, bending his finger...
- So, will you order us to take large sterlets? - asked the housekeeper. - What can we do, take it if they don’t give in. Yes, my father, I forgot. After all, we need another entrée for the table. Ah, my fathers! “He grabbed his head. - Who will bring me flowers?
- Mitinka! And Mitinka! “Ride off, Mitinka, to the Moscow region,” he turned to the manager who came in at his call, “jump off to the Moscow region and now tell Maximka to dress up the corvée for the gardener. Tell them to drag all the greenhouses here and wrap them in felt. Yes, so that I have two hundred pots here by Friday.
Having given more and more different orders, he went out to rest with the countess, but remembered something else he needed, returned himself, brought back the cook and the housekeeper, and again began to give orders. A light, masculine gait and the clanking of spurs were heard at the door, and a handsome, ruddy, with a black mustache, apparently rested and well-groomed from his quiet life in Moscow, entered the young count.
- Oh, my brother! “My head is spinning,” the old man said, as if ashamed, smiling in front of his son. - At least you could help! We need more songwriters. I have music, but should I invite the gypsies? Your military brethren love this.
“Really, daddy, I think Prince Bagration, when he was preparing for the Battle of Shengraben, bothered less than you do now,” said the son, smiling.
The old count pretended to be angry. - Yes, you interpret it, you try it!
And the count turned to the cook, who, with an intelligent and respectable face, looked observantly and affectionately at father and son.
- What are young people like, eh, Feoktist? - he said, - the old people are laughing at our brother.
“Well, Your Excellency, they just want to eat well, but how to assemble and serve everything is not their business.”
“Well, well,” the count shouted, and cheerfully grabbing his son by both hands, he shouted: “So that’s it, I got you!” Now take the pair of sleighs and go to Bezukhov, and say that the count, they say, Ilya Andreich sent to ask you for fresh strawberries and pineapples. You won't get it from anyone else. It’s not there, so you go in, tell the princesses, and from there, that’s what, go to Razgulay - Ipatka the coachman knows - find Ilyushka the gypsy there, that’s what Count Orlov was dancing with, remember, in a white Cossack, and bring him back here to me.
- And bring him here with the gypsies? – Nikolai asked laughing. - Oh well!…
At this time, with silent steps, with a businesslike, preoccupied and at the same time Christianly meek look that never left her, Anna Mikhailovna entered the room. Despite the fact that every day Anna Mikhailovna found the count in a dressing gown, every time he was embarrassed in front of her and asked to apologize for his suit.
“Nothing, Count, my dear,” she said, meekly closing her eyes. “And I’ll go to Bezukhoy,” she said. “Pierre has arrived, and now we’ll get everything, Count, from his greenhouses.” I needed to see him. He sent me a letter from Boris. Thank God, Borya is now at headquarters.
The Count was delighted that Anna Mikhailovna was taking on one part of his instructions, and ordered her to pawn a small carriage.
– You tell Bezukhov to come. I'll write it down. How is he and his wife? - he asked.
Anna Mikhailovna rolled her eyes, and deep sorrow was expressed on her face...
“Ah, my friend, he is very unhappy,” she said. “If what we heard is true, it’s terrible.” And did we think when we rejoiced so much at his happiness! And such a lofty, heavenly soul, this young Bezukhov! Yes, I feel sorry for him from the bottom of my heart and will try to give him the consolation that will depend on me.
- What is it? - asked both Rostov, the elder and the younger.
Anna Mikhailovna took a deep breath: “Dolokhov, Marya Ivanovna’s son,” she said in a mysterious whisper, “they say he has completely compromised her.” He took him out, invited him to his house in St. Petersburg, and so... She came here, and this head-off man is behind her,” said Anna Mikhailovna, wanting to express her sympathy for Pierre, but in involuntary intonations and a half-smile, showing sympathy for the head-off man, like she named Dolokhov. “They say that Pierre himself is completely overwhelmed by his grief.”
“Well, just tell him to come to the club and everything will go away.” The feast will be a mountain.
The next day, March 3, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, 250 members of the English Club and 50 guests were expecting their dear guest and hero of the Austrian campaign, Prince Bagration, for dinner. At first, upon receiving news of the Battle of Austerlitz, Moscow was perplexed. At that time, the Russians were so accustomed to victories that, having received the news of defeat, some simply did not believe it, while others sought explanations for such a strange event in some unusual reasons. In the English Club, where everything that was noble, with correct information and weight gathered, in December, when news began to arrive, nothing was said about the war and about the last battle, as if everyone had agreed to remain silent about it. People who gave direction to the conversations, such as: Count Rostopchin, Prince Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky, Valuev, gr. Markov, book. Vyazemsky, did not show up at the club, but gathered at home, in their intimate circles, and Muscovites, speaking from other people’s voices (to which Ilya Andreich Rostov belonged), were left for a short time without a definite judgment about the cause of war and without leaders. Muscovites felt that something was wrong and that it was difficult to discuss this bad news, and therefore it was better to remain silent. But after a while, as the jury left the deliberation room, the aces who gave their opinions in the club appeared, and everything began to speak clearly and definitely. The reasons were found for the incredible, unheard of and impossible event that the Russians were beaten, and everything became clear, and in all corners of Moscow the same thing was said. These reasons were: the betrayal of the Austrians, the poor food supply of the army, the betrayal of the Pole Pshebyshevsky and the Frenchman Langeron, the inability of Kutuzov, and (they said on the sly) the youth and inexperience of the sovereign, who entrusted himself to bad and insignificant people. But the troops, Russian troops, everyone said, were extraordinary and performed miracles of courage. Soldiers, officers, generals were heroes. But the hero of heroes was Prince Bagration, famous for his Shengraben affair and his retreat from Austerlitz, where he alone led his column undisturbed and spent the whole day repelling an enemy twice as strong. The fact that Bagration was chosen as a hero in Moscow was also facilitated by the fact that he had no connections in Moscow and was a stranger. In his person due honor was given to a fighting, simple, without connections and intrigues, Russian soldier, still associated with the memories of the Italian campaign with the name of Suvorov. In addition, in bestowing such honors on him, the dislike and disapproval of Kutuzov was best shown.
“If there were no Bagration, il faudrait l"inventer, [it would be necessary to invent him.] - said the joker Shinshin, parodying the words of Voltaire. No one spoke about Kutuzov, and some scolded him in a whisper, calling him a court turntable and an old satyr. Throughout Moscow repeated the words of Prince Dolgorukov: “sculpt, sculpt and stick around,” who was consoled in our defeat by the memory of previous victories, and Rostopchin’s words were repeated about the fact that French soldiers must be excited to battle with pompous phrases, that one must reason logically with the Germans, convincing them that It is more dangerous to run than to go forward; but that the Russian soldiers must only be held back and asked: be quiet! From all sides new and new stories were heard about individual examples of courage shown by our soldiers and officers at Austerlitz. He saved the banner, he killed 5 French , he alone loaded 5 cannons. They also said about Berg, who did not know him, that he, wounded in his right hand, took his sword in his left and went forward. They didn’t say anything about Bolkonsky, and only those who knew him closely regretted that he died, leaving a pregnant wife and an eccentric father.

On March 3, in all the rooms of the English Club there was a groan of talking voices and, like bees on spring migration, scurried back and forth, sat, stood, converged and dispersed, in uniforms, tailcoats and some others in powder and caftans, members and guests of the club . Powdered, stockinged and booted footmen in livery stood at every door and strained to catch every movement of the guests and members of the club in order to offer their services. Most of those present were old, respectable people with broad, self-confident faces, thick fingers, firm movements and voices. This kind of guests and members sat in well-known, familiar places and met in well-known, familiar circles. A small part of those present consisted of random guests - mainly young people, among whom were Denisov, Rostov and Dolokhov, who was again a Semyonov officer. On the faces of the youth, especially the military, there was an expression of that feeling of contemptuous respect for the elderly, which seems to say to the old generation: we are ready to respect and honor you, but remember that after all, the future belongs to us.

07.01.1915 - 30.09.1996
Hero of the Soviet Union

Monuments

Tombstone

M Evgeniy Tikhonovich Orozov – commander of the artillery battalion of the 492nd mortar regiment of the 38th Army of the Voronezh Front, senior lieutenant.

Born on January 7, 1915 in the city of Nevel, Tver province (now Pskov region) in the family of an employee. Russian. Graduated from 7th grade high school. In 1935 he graduated from the Kaluga Hydrotechnical College. He studied by correspondence at the Pedagogical Institute in the city of Kalinin (now Tver), worked as a teacher in the village of Darino, Staritsky district, Kalinin (now Tver) region.

In the Red Army from September 25, 1939. He served as a Red Army soldier in the 14th artillery battalion of the 20th cavalry division. In April 1941 he graduated from the courses for junior lieutenants of the Central Asian Military District (CAMD) in the city of Termez. Served as commander of a fire platoon of the 950th SAVO artillery regiment.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War since April 1942. He was the commander of an artillery battery, an artillery division, and deputy commander of a mortar regiment. He fought on the Bryansk, Voronezh, 1st and 2nd Ukrainian fronts. Member of the CPSU since 1943. In battles he was wounded twice.

Participated:
- in defensive battles on the Tim River, north of Voronezh and in the area of ​​the village of Terbuny - in 1942;
- in the Voronezh-Kastornensky operation, in the battles on the Kursk Bulge, in the liberation of the cities of Sumy, Romny, in the crossing of the Dnieper with the conquest of the Lyutezh bridgehead, in the liberation of Kyiv - in 1943;
- in the Zhitomir-Berdichev, Korsun-Shevchenko, Uman-Botoshan, Yassy-Kishinev, Debrecen operations, including the liberation of the city of Kazatin, in the battles in the area of ​​​​the villages of Lysyanka, Shenderovka, in the crossing of the Southern Bug, Dniester, Prut rivers, in the liberation Moldavian, Romanian and Hungarian cities of Balti, Buzau, Ploiesti, Cluj, Miskolc - in 1944;
- in the battles in the Ore Mountains in Czechoslovakia, in the Moravian operation, including the liberation of the cities of Zvolen, Banska Bystrica, Prostejov - in 1945.

The division commander of the 492nd Mortar Regiment, Senior Lieutenant Morozov, distinguished himself in the battles during the crossing of the Dnieper on September 27-29, 1943. Having reached the river with the division, he suppressed 8 enemy machine-gun points with targeted fire, which ensured that rifle units crossed the Dnieper and captured the Lyutezh bridgehead. Then, having crossed the Dnieper, he took part in the battles to expand it.

U of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 10, 1944 for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown to the senior lieutenant Morozov Evgeniy Tikhonovich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 2582).

After the war he continued to serve in the army. Until 1948, he served as inspector of the general education department at the Lvov regional military registration and enlistment office. In 1951 he graduated from the Military Pedagogical Institute. Then he worked as a teacher in the specialty “military topography”: in 1951-52 and in 1954-64 - at the Moscow Infantry (since 1958 - the Higher Command Combined Arms) School named after the Supreme Council of the RSFSR; in 1952-54 - at the department of regional studies at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages. Since 1965, he worked as a senior lecturer and head of the cycle on military artillery instruments of the military department of the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Survey and Cartography Engineers (MIIGAiK).

Since August 1971, Colonel E.I. Morozov has been in reserve. Lived in Moscow, worked at MIIGAiK. Died September 30, 1996. He was buried in Moscow at the Kuzminskoye cemetery (site 23).

Honorary citizen of the city of Nevel.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (10.01.44), the Red Banner (08.03.45), 2 Orders of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (14.06.44; 06.04.85), Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree (15.10.43), the Red Star (05.11.54), medals “For Military Merit” (15.11.50), “For Victory over Germany”, “XXX Years of the SA and the Navy”.

After finishing the seven-year school in his hometown of Nevel, Evgeny Morozov entered the hydraulic technical school in the city of Kaluga. It took him 4 whole courses to finally understand that the direct construction of dams, dams, locks and other technical objects is not his calling. But it was at the technical school that he took a course in hydraulic topography and cartography, and this specialty, transferred to a military basis, would become his main profession in the post-war years.

In the meantime, in 1936, Evgeny Morozov entered the correspondence department at the Kalinin Pedagogical Institute. At the same time, he began working as a teacher in a school in the village of Daryino, Lukovnikovsky (now within the boundaries of Staritsky) district, Kalinin region. From here, in September 1939, he joined the army.

Morozov served his military service in Uzbekistan and was an artillery battalion number in the 20th Cavalry Division. A year later, a smart and fairly educated young artilleryman was sent to a junior lieutenant course in the city of Termez. On April 28, 1941, Morozov became a junior lieutenant and was appointed to the post of fire platoon commander of the 950th artillery regiment. 2 months later the war began...

Yevgeny Morozov did not get to the front right away. He continued serving in Uzbekistan for a whole year. And only in April 1942, junior lieutenant Morozov was sent to the Bryansk Front. There he was appointed commander of the artillery battery of the 692nd artillery regiment of the 240th Infantry Division of the 3rd Army. He received his baptism of fire in the battles at the turn of the Tim River. In July 1942, with heavy fighting, they had to retreat across the Don River north of the city of Voronezh. When the 38th Army of the 2nd Formation concentrated there, the 240th Infantry Division became part of it. In September 1942, the army was transferred to the Voronezh Front. At the same time, Morozov was awarded the military rank of lieutenant.

Until January 1943, Morozov's battery had to fight numerous battles north of Voronezh. They turned out to be especially difficult in September 1942, when the troops of the 38th Army fought offensive battles throughout the month. Lieutenant Morozov's battery destroyed enemy firing points in the villages of Perekopovka and Lomovo in the first ten days of September. The artillerymen spent the entire second half of this month in battles for the villages of Gnezdilovo and Olkhovatka. The intensity of the fighting was intense - Olkhovatka changed hands several times. In October 1942, after the battles for the villages of Pribytkovo and Bolshaya Polyana, the 240th Infantry Division was moved even further north, to the area of ​​the village of Terbuny in the Lipetsk Region, where Morozov’s battery fought positional battles until January 1943.

In January 1943, the Voronezh-Kastornensk operation of Soviet troops began. On January 25, Lieutenant Morozov’s artillerymen participated in the capture of divisional units of large strongholds of enemy defense in the village of Kozinka and the city of Zemlyanskoye. Further, Morozov’s battery took part in the liberation of many settlements in the Kursk region. In February 1943, near the city of Sudzha, Lieutenant Morozov was wounded and was treated in a medical battalion.

After recovery, Morozov was promoted to senior lieutenant at the end of March 1943, and he was unexpectedly appointed commander of an artillery division as part of the 492nd separate mortar regiment of army subordination. The regiment was located east of the city of Sumy on the southern bend of the central part of the Kursk Bulge. The main battle of the defensive stage of the Battle of Kursk in July 1943 rumbled away from the deployment of the mortar regiment in which Morozov fought. Mortarmen and artillerymen of the assigned divisions at this time, by active shelling of enemy lines with the subsequent transition of rifle units into tactical attacks, pinned down significant forces of Nazi troops in the area of ​​​​the city of Sumy and did not allow the transfer of a single significant enemy unit from this section of the front.

But when the Soviet troops launched a general offensive, on August 26, 1943, the 492nd Mortar Regiment also switched to offensive operations. At the beginning of September 1943, the division of Senior Lieutenant Morozov, with its fire at enemy firing points, assisted the rifle regiments of the 167th and 240th rifle divisions in the liberation of the city of Sumy. Further, during the liberation of the Sumy and Chernigov regions, the division's guns moved in the battle formations of these two divisions and participated in the battles for the city of Romny, the village of Ichnya and other populated areas. For his distinction during the liberation of Left Bank Ukraine, Senior Lieutenant Morozov was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

On the 20th of September 1943, troops of the 38th Army of the Voronezh Front reached the Dnieper in the Kyiv region. The army commander decided to carry out the main crossing of the river north of the capital of Ukraine in the area of ​​​​the village of Vyshgorod and its environs. The first groups of paratroopers from the 240th Infantry Division crossed the river on the night of September 27, 1943 near the village of Lyutezh. As they crossed, the enemy opened heavy fire from their shore. Senior Lieutenant Morozov, whose division went ashore in the combat formations of the 842nd Infantry Regiment, identified enemy firing points and in the morning, rolling out the guns to the bank of the Dnieper, began to hit them one after another with precise volleys. Up to 10 Nazi machine-gun points were destroyed, which made it easier for the main forces of the rifle battalions to cross the Dnieper. In addition, he repeatedly transferred fire to the village of Lyutezh itself, where enemy forces were accumulating for subsequent counterattacks. With the direct assistance of the artillerymen of Senior Lieutenant Morozov's division, this village was soon cleared of the enemy. The fighters also captured the neighboring villages of Starye and Novye Petrivtsi. On October 2, 1943, Morozov transported his division to the newly formed Lyutezhsky bridgehead, where the artillerymen began to promote its expansion towards the village of Guta-Mezhigorskaya with their fire. For these battles, Senior Lieutenant Morozov was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Morozov's division participated on November 3, 1943 in a powerful artillery preparation, which was completed by volleys of Katyusha rockets, after which rifle units rushed to attack Kiev. On November 6, the capital of Ukraine was liberated. After the liberation of Kyiv in November 1943, Morozov was awarded the rank of captain.

On December 24, 1943, the Zhitomir-Berdichev operation began. It began with a 51-minute powerful artillery barrage, in which Captain Morozov’s division also took part. The results of the Katyusha fire, mortars and cannons were so positive and destructive for the enemy that in 2 days of the offensive, the troops of the 38th Army of the 1st Ukrainian Front liberated 3 regional centers at once - Brusilov, Kornin and Popelnya.

After the liberation of the city of Kazatin, the 492nd Mortar Regiment was urgently transferred to the 27th Army. At the end of January 1944, troops of the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts surrounded the Nazi Korsun-Shevchenko group with converging attacks on Zvenigorodka. The 27th Army, having made an attack on Lysyanka, found itself on the internal front of encirclement. To destroy an enemy who refused to capitulate with less blood, aviation and, of course, artillery were required. Captain Morozov's division as part of the regiment participated in repelling an enemy breakthrough attempt near the village of Shenderovka and in the final liquidation of the Korsun-Shevchenkovsky "cauldron".

In March-April 1944, already as part of the 27th Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, Captain Morozov’s division participated in the grandiose Uman-Botosha operation. His artillerymen suppressed enemy firing points during the capture of the Khristinovka junction station, and helped rifle units cross the Southern Bug in the area of ​​the village of Ladyzhin and the Dniester near the regional center of Moldova, the village of Soroka. In April 1944, Morozov participated in the liberation of the Moldovan cities of Balti and Floresti, crossed the Prut and Zhizhia rivers, crossed the Soviet-Romanian border, and as part of his formation reached the approaches to the city of Iasi. For skillful management of the division during the Uman-Botosha operation, Captain Morozov was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. He also became a major.

In August-September 1944, Major Morozov's division participated in the Iasi-Kishinev operation. The fire of his guns contributed to the breakthrough of Hitler’s rifle units between the cities of Tirgu-Frumos and Iasi, the liberation of the Romanian settlements of Negresti, Ajud, the cities of Rimnicul, Buzau, Ploiesti.

In the fall of 1944, Major Morozov's division participated in the Debrecen offensive operation, during which it contributed to breaking through enemy defenses in the area of ​​the city of Turda, capturing a large enemy defense center in the city of Cluj and the entry of rifle units of the 27th Army into Hungarian territory. Here, in November 1944, the 492nd Mortar Regiment was transferred to the 40th Army. At the same time, Major Morozov was appointed deputy commander of the 492nd mortar regiment.

In this position, in December 1944, Morozov participated in the liberation of the city of Miskolc, and by February 1945, as part of his army, he entered the territory of Czechoslovakia on the approaches to the city of Banska Bystrica, and the artillerymen and mortarmen of the regiment had to overcome the Slovak Ore Mountains in winter conditions. In this offensive, Major Morozov showed his best qualities as a commander. It was he who was engaged in artillery support for the rifle battalions of the 40th Army during the capture of passes in the gorges of the mountains. For his distinction in these battles, Major Morozov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In April 1945, Morozov's regiment participated in breaking through enemy defenses on the Hron River, in the liberation of the cities of Zvolen and Banska Bystrica, and the village of Zlin. Here, in the area of ​​​​the city of Prostejov, on the territory of Czech Moravia, Major Morozov celebrated the bright Victory Day.

In June 1945, Major Morozov became an instructor at the Lvov Regional Military Commissariat. Then he graduated from the Military Pedagogical Institute and became a teacher specializing in military topography. He taught at military schools for 14 years, and then in 1965 he moved to the military department at the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography and Cartography Engineers, where he worked not only until his dismissal from the ranks Soviet army in October 1971, but also before retirement. IN last years lived in the Moscow municipal district of Vykhino, was a member of the Veterans Club of the South-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow.