The phrase “objective case with participle.” Object and subject participial phrase Object case with participle in English

Participles I / II are part of special constructions called Participial Turnovers.

In English There are three participial phrases:

Object participial phrase. Subjective participial phrase. Independent participial phrase.
All revolutions are built according to their own schemes.

Object participial phrase.
The scheme for constructing the objective participial phrase completely coincides with the scheme of the objective infinitive phrase, only the participle takes the place of the infinitive:

Where Participle form I denotes an action as a process, and the form of Participle II is the result of an action (the infinitive in the same turn denotes an action as a fact):

Didn't see his father smoking. => He saw his father smoking. Compare with the infinitive phrase:
Didn't see his father smoke. => He saw his father smoking.
Not considered himself engaged to her. => He believed that he was (already) engaged to her.

The objective participial phrase is used in a sentence after verbs: to hear => to hear / to feel => to feel / to see => to see / to watch => to observe, to notice => to notice / to find => to detect / to consider = > consider, believe / to like => like / to dislike => dislike, etc.

After the verbs to have and to get, in the meaning of have, only forms of Participle II are used and denote an action performed not by the subject himself, but for him/on his order by someone else:

I have a new house built. => I built a new house. (in Russian we often say this, meaning that in fact someone else performed the action for us)

Compare:

I have built a new house. – (predicate – Active Perfect Present) => I built a new house. (himself / with your own hands)
She had her hair cut. => She got her hair cut. (but not by herself, but in the hairdresser)
She has cut her hair. => She cut her hair. (herself)
I have my car repaired. =? I repaired the car. (not myself)
I have repaired my car. => I repaired the car. (myself)
I can"t get my watch repaired. => I can’t get my watch repaired. (They don’t take them for repairs anywhere)
I can't repair my watch. => I can't (can't) repair my watch.

Note:
The interrogative and negative forms of the verb to have in this case are constructed using the auxiliary to do:

• Did you have your hair cut? =>Did you get a haircut? Where did you have your car repaired? =>Where did you get your car repaired? I didn"t have the house built. => I never built the house.
• Why don't you have your hair waved? => Why don't you perm yourself?

Forms of Participle II are sometimes used in a similar meaning also after the verbs to wish => wish / to want => want:

• We want / wish it done as fast as possible. => We want this done as quickly as possible.

Subjective participial phrase

The scheme for constructing the subjective participial phrase completely coincides with the scheme of the subjective infinitive phrase, only Participle I stands in place of the infinitive (Participial II is practically not used in the phrase):

where the form of Participle I denotes an action as a process (the infinitive in the same turn denotes an action as a fact):

• They were seen smoking. => We saw them smoking.
• They were seen to smoke. => We saw them smoking.

The subject participial phrase is used mainly after the following verbs: to see => see / to hear => hear / to feel => feel / to watch => observe / to find => find, detect / to observe => observe, etc. :

• Was not found sleeping. => He was found sleeping.
• They were watched playing cards. => They were observed while they were playing cards.

The construction scheme of this phrase completely coincides with the scheme of the objective infinitive phrase, only the participle takes the place of the infinitive.

Object participial phrase, or complex complement, consists of noun in the general case or Personal pronoun In the objective case(me, him, her, it, us, you, them) and Participles (I or II), expressing action. Used after verbs expressing sensory perception and some others.

In the sentence, it, as an addition, occupies third place:

A) Here the participle is in the form Participle I denotes an action, as a process, performed by the person or thing indicated by the noun/pronoun that comes before the participle.

B) And the sacrament Participle II, having only the passive voice form ( Passive), denotes an action performed by someone on a person or object.

That is Participle I stands for Process, A Participle II – result of action.

Please note that this phrase is used only after a very small list of verbs; in other cases, the participle acts as a simple definition (see section “Participle I; As a definition”, for example:

This phrase is usually translated into Russian by an additional subordinate clause with the conjunction how, what:

The difference between a participial phrase and a similar infinitive phrase is that:

A) Involved turnover Shows an action in progress its completion (long-term nature of the action),

B) a Infinitive the turn only indicates the action (as completed), states a fact.

That's why Participial phrase translated mainly by the verb imperfect kind, and infinitive — Perfect. Please note that the infinitive after verbs from the above list is used without a particle to.

However, this semantic difference is erased if the verb expresses an action of a continuous nature: to walk- walk, To stand- stand, To sit- sit, To run- run, etc. Both phrases are translated as verbs imperfect kind.

2 After the verb to have, less often to get meaning to do so as to (obtain), Get often has a slight tint to achieve. This turnover means that the action is performed not by the subject himself, but by another person for him or for him.

To have / to get

Object

Participle II

This construction is very typical for colloquial speech and is translated into Russian in a simple sentence. Compare:

I Have a new House built. I built a new house. (They built it for me; They built it for me.)

I Have built a new house. (predicate in Pres. Perfect Active) I built a new house. (myself)

I Have my Task done. My task is completed. = My task was completed.

I Have done my task. (Present Perfect) I completed the task. (myself)

I Have my Car repaired. I repaired the car. (They repaired it for me...)

I Have repaired my car. I repaired the car. (myself)

Interrogative and negative verb forms to have in this case, they are more often, but not necessarily, constructed using an auxiliary verb Do; see section: “Present Indefinite; To be and to have (got) in interrogative and negative forms.”

3 In a similar meaning, after verbs expressing desire, to want- want, to wish- wish.

or “Objective case with participle (Participle I or II)”
(complex addition)

The construction scheme of this phrase completely coincides with the scheme of the objective infinitive phrase, only the participle takes the place of the infinitive.

An objective participial phrase, or complex object, consists of a noun in the general case or a personal pronoun in the objective case (me, him, her, it, us, you, them) and a participle (I or II) expressing action. Used after verbs expressing sensory perception and some others.

Noun/pronoun + Participle I or II

In the sentence, it, as an addition, occupies third place:

Subject + Predicate + phrase “complex object” + minor members of the sentence

a) Here the participle is in the form Participle I denotes an action like process, done by the person or thing indicated by the noun/pronoun that comes before the participle.

b) A participle Participle II, which has only the passive voice form (Passive), means action, made by someone over a person or object.

That is, Participle I denotes the process, and Participle II denotes the result of the action.

Please note that this phrase is used only after a very small list of verbs; in other cases, the participle acts as a simple definition (see section “Participle I; As a definition”, for example:

She saw the picture hanging on the wall.
(turnover in question)
She saw the picture being hung on the wall.

She pointed at the picture hanging on the wall.
(definition)
She pointed to a picture hanging on the wall.

Object participial phrase with Participle I

This phrase is used after verbs expressing perception through the senses:

to feel- feel
to hear- hear
to listen to- listen
to look (at)- look
to notice– notice
to observe- observe
to see- see
to watch- observe, etc.

This phrase is usually translated into Russian by an additional subordinate clause with a conjunction as, that:

We heard her saying these words.
We heard her say these words.

I watched the snow falling.
I watched the snow fall.

Let's listen to John playing the piano.
Let's listen to John play the piano.

They watched the car being pushed by a group of boys. (Passive)
They watched as the car was being pushed by a group of boys.

The difference between a participial phrase and a similar infinitive phrase is that:

a) the participial phrase shows an action in the process of its commission (long-term nature of the action),

b) and the infinitive phrase only indicates the action (as completed), states a fact.
Therefore, the participial phrase is translated mainly by an imperfect verb, and the infinitive by a perfect verb. Please note that the infinitive after verbs from the above list is used without the particle to.

Participial phrase
I saw you passing our house. “I saw you passing by our house.”

Infinitive
I saw you pass our house. “I saw you pass by our house.”

Participial phrase
I heard him coming up the stairs. “I heard him coming up the stairs.

Infinitive
I heard him come up the stairs. “I heard him go up the stairs.”

However, this semantic difference is erased if the verb expresses an action of a long nature: to walk - to walk, to stand - to stand, to sit - to sit, to run - to run, etc. Both phrases are translated by imperfect verbs.

Object participial phrase with Participle II

In this turn, Participle II, as a passive participle, expresses an action performed by someone on an object or person. Occurs after verbs:

1. After the same verbs of sensory perception as Participle I, for example:

to feel- feel
to find– detect
to hear- hear
to see- see
to watch- observe, etc.

I found the envelopes opened.
I found that the envelopes were open.

I heard my name pronounced.
I heard my name called.

I saw the window broken.
I saw that the window was broken.

2. After the verb to have, less often to get in the meaning of do so that (to receive), get often has a slight connotation to achieve so that. This turnover means that the action is performed not by the subject himself, but by another person for him or for him.

to have / to get + Object + Participle II

This construction is very typical for colloquial speech and is translated into Russian in a simple sentence. Compare:

I have a new house built. I built a new house. (They built it for me; They built it for me.)
I have built a new house.(predicate in Pres. Perfect Active) I built a new house. (myself)
I have my task done. My task is completed. = My task was completed.
I have done my task.(Present Perfect) I completed the task. (myself)
I have my car repaired. I repaired the car. (They repaired it for me...)
I have repaired my car. I repaired the car. (myself)

The interrogative and negative forms of the verb to have in this case are more often, but not necessarily, constructed using the auxiliary verb do; see section: “Present Indefinite; To be and to have (got) in interrogative and negative forms.”

Did you have your hair cut?
Did you get a haircut?
Have you had this article typed?
Did you get this article published?
I didn't have my photo taken.
I didn't take a photo.

3. In a similar meaning, after verbs expressing desire, to want - to want, to wish - to desire:

I want the letter sent at once.
I want the letter to be sent immediately.

We want/wish it done as fast as possible.
We want this done as quickly as possible.

Objective case

This construction contains personal pronouns in the objective case or nouns in the general case and participle 1 or 2.

The construction in question with participle 1 is used in English speech in situations where the speaker needs to emphasize the fact that the action or process expressed by the participle is unfolding at the present moment in time, that is, it is incomplete. In this construction, the participle form Indefinite Active is used. Pronouns or nouns used within this construction name persons or objects that perform any action.

This construction is typically used after verbs related to sensory perception, for example:

• — Elisabeth saw her brother playing chess. Elizabeth saw her brother playing chess.
• — Sarah heard her singing. – Sarah heard her sing.
• — Jane felt someone moving closer to her. – Jane felt that someone was approaching her.
• — The children watched their teacher passing the school. The children watched their teacher pass by the school.

This construction with participle 2 differs from the one described above in that the participles used in it name actions that are aimed at objects or persons expressed by pronouns or nouns.

This construction is characterized by its use after verbs related to sensory perception, desire and mental activity. Such sentences are usually translated into Russian as complex sentences. These constructions after the English verbs “to get” and “to have” are translated as an ordinary simple sentence, for example:

• - Jane saw her husband beaten. – Jane saw how her husband was beaten.
• — Elisabeth heard her article read. – Elizabeth heard her article being read.
• — James felt his hat fallen. – James felt his hat fly off.
• — John watched his neighbor arrested. John watched as his neighbor was arrested.
• — They wanted their compositions read. “They wanted their writings to be read.”
• — The students wished their examinations put off. – Students wanted their exams to be postponed.
• — He considered himself employed. “He thought he was hired.”
• — Robert understood his task done. “Robert understood that his task had been completed.
• — The students had their hair cut. – The students had their hair cut.
• — You will get your photos taken with Jane. – You will be photographed with Jane.

Independent participial phrases

Such phrases may include participles of both types.

Independent participial phrases with participles 1 consist of nouns in the general case or pronouns in the nominative case, on the one hand, and participle 1, on the other. The action conveyed by participle 1 is not related in any way to the action conveyed by the predicate. The specificity of such phrases is that they are the prerogative of written speech. In writing, such phrases are always isolated. In a sentence, they play the role of various circumstances, which are translated into Russian by subordinate clauses, for example:

• — The rain stopping, they will lay the table in the garden. – If the rain stops, they will set the table in the garden (conditional circumstance).
• — It being too hot, the children couldn`t go to the beach. – Because it was too hot, the children could not go to the beach (reason circumstance).
• — The compositions having been written, the pupils showed them to their teacher. – After the essays were written, the students showed them to their teacher (time circumstance).

Independent participial phrases with participles 2 are similar in composition to those with participles 1. However, the actions expressed by participles 2 are aimed at the pronouns or nouns included in these participial phrases. Such phrases perform the functions of various circumstances, and they are translated into Russian by corresponding adverbial subordinate clauses, for example:

• — Her homework done, Sarah went to bed. - When the homework was done, Sarah went to bed (time circumstance).
• — The tickets bought, John and Alice decided to pack up their things. – Since the tickets had been purchased, John and Alice decided to pack their things.

Participle 2 can be used in independent prepositional participial phrases with “with”, for example:

• — The soldiers stood in the water with their hands bridged. – The soldiers stood in the water with their hands clasped (= creating a hand bridge).

The construction scheme of this phrase completely coincides with the scheme of the objective infinitive phrase, only the participle takes the place of the infinitive.

Object participial phrase, or complex complement, consists of noun in the general case or personal pronoun in the objective case(me, him, her, it, us, you, them) and participles (I or II), expressing action. Used after verbs expressing sensory perception and some others.

Noun/pronoun

+

Communion I or II

In the sentence, it, as an addition, occupies third place:

Subject	+	Predicate	+	turnover "complex addition"	+	minor members of the sentence

A) Here the participle is in the form Participle I denotes an action, as a process, performed by the person or thing indicated by the noun/pronoun that comes before the participle.

b) And the sacrament Participle II, having only the passive voice form ( Passive), denotes an action performed by someone on a person or object.

That is Participle I stands for process , A Participle II – result of action .

Please note that this phrase is used only after a very small list of verbs; in other cases, the participle acts as a simple definition (see section “Participle I; As a definition”, for example:

She saw the picture hanging on the wall. (turnover in question)	She saw, how the picture was hung on the wall.
She pointed at the picture hanging on the wall.(definition)	She showed on picture hanging on the wall.

This phrase is usually translated into Russian by an additional subordinate clause with the conjunction How, What :

We heard her saying these words.	We heard how she said these words.
I watched the snow falling .	I watched how the snow falls .
Let's listen to John playing the piano.Let's listen how John plays on the piano.
They watched the car being pushed by a group of boys. (Passive)	They watched like pushing the car group of boys.

The difference between a participial phrase and a similar infinitive phrase is that:

A) involved turnover shows an action in progress its completion (long-term nature of the action),

b) a infinitive the turn only indicates the action (as completed), states a fact.

That's why participle phrase translated mainly by the verb imperfect kind, and infinitive - perfect. Please note that the infinitive after verbs from the above list is used without a particle to.

Participial phrase.	Infinitive.
I sawyou passing our house. - I saw how did you go past our house.	I sawyou pass our house. - I saw what did you go through past our house.
I heardhim coming up the stairs. - I heard, how he got up up the stairs.	I heardhim come up the stairs. - I heard, that he got up up the stairs.

However, this semantic difference is erased if the verb expresses an action of a continuous nature: to walk - walk, to stand - stand, to sit - sit, to run- run etc. Both phrases are translated by verbs imperfect kind.

Object participial phrase with Participle II

In this turn, Participle II, as a passive participle, expresses an action performed by someone on an object or person. Occurs after verbs:

1 After the same verbs of sensory perception as Participle I, for example:

I found the envelopes opened .	I discovered that the envelopes are open .
I heard my name pronounced .	I heard, what they said my Name .
I saw the window broken .	I saw that the window is broken .

2 After the verb to have , less often to get in meaning to do so (to get) , get often has a slight tint achieve that . This turnover means that the action is performed not by the subject himself, but by another person for him or for him.

to have / to get

+

Object

+

Communion II

This construction is very typical for colloquial speech and is translated into Russian in a simple sentence. Compare:

I have a new house built . I built a new house. (They built it for me; They built it for me.)

I have built a new house.(predicate in Pres. Perfect Active) I built a new house. (myself)

I have my task done . My task is completed. = My task was completed.

I have done my task.(Present Perfect) I completed the task. (myself)

I have my car repaired . I repaired the car. (They repaired it for me...)

I have repaired my car.I repaired the car. (myself)

Interrogative and negative verb forms to have in this case, they are more often, but not necessarily, constructed using an auxiliary verb do ; see section: "Present Indefinite; To be and to have (got) in interrogative and negative forms."

Did you have your hair cut ?	Did you get a haircut?
Have you had this article typed ?	Did you get this article published?
I did don't have mine photo taken .	I didn't take a photo.

3 In a similar meaning, after verbs expressing desire, to want - want, to wish – want: