Population of Krasnoyarsk. Presentation on the topic: Population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory Mou Denisovskaya Secondary School

Distinctive features. Krasnoyarsk region located on the border of Western and Eastern Siberia. This is one of the largest regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, including minerals.

The Krasnoyarsk Territory stretches from south to north, and its length along the meridian is almost 3000 km. He was just a little short of reaching the southern borders of Russia, and then he would have cut through the Russian Federation from the cold shores of the Arctic in the north to the Sayan Mountains in the south.

A feature of the region, associated with its large extent, is the diversity natural areas, landscapes and climate. In the north is the Taimyr Peninsula, where, with the help of the World Fund, wildlife The largest Great Arctic Nature Reserve in Eurasia was created, covering an area of ​​4.1 million hectares.

Taimyr patterns. Photo by s-tyamushev2010 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/s-tyamushev2010/)

Other interesting sites are the Stolby Nature Reserve - a Mecca for rock climbers, the Shushenskoye Nature Reserve, where the leader of the revolution Vladimir Lenin once served his exile, the Biryusinsky Caves natural complex, the Putorana Plateau, Anashensky Forest and many others.

Maslenitsa in Shushenskoye. Photo by Yuri Spartak Myagky (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/red-white-fan/)

Despite the vast territories, the Krasnoyarsk lands have not given Russia many famous people. However, some people can be highlighted. For example, Vyacheslav Butusov, vocalist of the cult rock band Nautilus Pompilius.

From an economic point of view, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a fairly developed region. It is a center of hydropower thanks to the mighty Yenisei River, on which three hydroelectric power stations are built. In the depths of the region there is a myriad of minerals, including 95% of Russian reserves of nickel and platinum group metals, 20% of gold reserves. In the industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the first place is occupied by non-ferrous metallurgy - the production of aluminum, nickel, platinum and other metals. There are also many mechanical engineering, chemical and oil refining industries here.

Geographical location. The Krasnoyarsk Territory is located in Eastern Siberia and, accordingly, is the largest region of the Siberian federal district. The main river is the Yenisei, one of largest rivers Siberia. It is in its basin that the main populated areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are located. Another important river is the Angara, its tributary. On the right bank of the Yenisei there is the Central Siberian Plateau, and on the left bank there is a lowland.

View of Krasnoyarsk from the Krasnoyarsk Pillars Nature Reserve. Photo by kgv008952 (http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/kgv008952/)

There are 323 thousand lakes in the region, most of which are on the Taimyr Peninsula.

Thanks to its vast territory, the Krasnoyarsk Territory has many neighbors: in the east - the Republic of Sakha, in the south - the Republic of Tyva and the Republic of Khakassia, in the west - the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions, the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. From the north, the shores of the Krasnoyarsk Territory are washed by the waters of the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea.

Population Krasnoyarsk Territory - 2846475 people. The region is characterized by low population density (1.2 people/sq. km) and positive natural population growth (1.6 people per 1000 inhabitants). 88% of the population are Russians, 1.39% are Ukrainians, 1.28% are Tatars. There are also many indigenous peoples living here, albeit small in number. For example, these are the Dolgans and Nenets in the north, or the Evenks in the central part.

Although the Krasnoyarsk Territory is large, the bulk of its population (about 80%) lives in relatively small area south of the Angara, constituting 10% of the territory of the region. It is here that the entire life of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, its industrial, scientific and cultural potential is concentrated.

Crime. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, like many Siberian regions, is characterized by a high level of crime. In the ranking of regions by crime level, it ranks 12th, which in the first half of 2011 corresponded to 11.25 crimes per thousand residents.

Unemployment rate in the Krasnoyarsk Territory - 5.55%. The average salary in the Krasnoyarsk region is 27,185 rubles. Maybe this is not a very large amount for Siberia, given the high cost of local products and goods. But in some industries wages are much higher. For example, in the field of extraction of fuel and energy resources - 65,486 rubles, in the production of coke, petroleum products and nuclear materials - 54,912 rubles.

Property value in the Krasnoyarsk Territory it is quite high, although Krasnoyarsk is very far from Moscow or Novy Urengoy. The average price per square meter of housing in Krasnoyarsk is 58,785 rubles. per sq. meter. In the Krasnoyarsk suburb of Sosnovoborsk - 42,618 rubles. per sq. meter, in Divnogorsk - 41,721 rubles. per sq. meter. To buy a normal one one-room apartment in Krasnoyarsk, you need to have about 2 million rubles, and for a two-room apartment - 2.5 million rubles.

Climate. There are 3 climatic zones in the region: arctic, subarctic and temperate. Since within each of them changes in climatic characteristics are noticeable not only from north to south, but also from west to east, western and eastern climatic regions are distinguished, the border of which runs along the valley of the Yenisei River.

For those who have no idea what icy hell is, there is the city of Dudinka. Photo by nordroden (http://nordroden.livejournal.com/)

The central part of the region is characterized by relatively short hot summers, long cold winters, and rapid temperature changes. In the south of the region there are warm summers and moderately harsh winters with little snow. This is where they were created favorable conditions for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums and recreation centers, especially since there are many healing springs and lakes.

The average January temperature is −36°C in the north and −18°C in the south, and in July, respectively, +10°C and +20°C. On average, 316 mm of precipitation falls annually, most of it in summer; in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains there is much more: 600-1000 mm.

Cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

- capital of the region. Population - 1,016,385 people. Founded in 1628 on the banks of the Yenisei River as the Krasnoyarsk fort. Since then it has become one of the largest economic centers in Siberia. Krasnoyarsk has repeatedly received awards as “ Best city CIS" or "The most comfortable city in Russia."

You can learn about the character of the city's inhabitants from its coat of arms. It depicts a workaholic lion. In his left paw he holds a sickle, and in his right paw he holds a shovel. That is, right hand doesn't know what the left one is doing. Although, as planned, these instruments should symbolize Agriculture and ore mining. During the Soviet era, a huge number of factories in a variety of industries were built in Krasnoyarsk, many of which are currently not operating. Despite this, Krasnoyarsk remains the largest industrial city in Eastern Siberia.

The second largest city by population (177,738 people) after Murmansk, located beyond the Arctic Circle. Construction of the city began in 1935 next to the Norilsk Mining and Metallurgical Combine. Now the enterprise belongs to the Norilsk Nickel company. Today it is one of the largest enterprises in the world producing palladium, platinum, nickel and other valuable metals. Unfortunately, Norilsk Nickel’s work has had the most terrible impact on the ecology of the city, which is considered one of the dirtiest in Russia. Another problem is the cold arctic climate: summers are short, winters are long, and there is practically no spring.

The third largest city in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (population - 107,583 people) was founded in 1683. For a long time it was a place where exiles, including revolutionaries, served their sentences. In 1970, the Achinsk Alumina Refinery began operations (now part of Russian Aluminum and called RUSAL Achinsk), which became the largest enterprise in the city. In addition to this, there are cement and oil refineries in the city. However, people prefer to leave Achinsk, and Krasnoyarsk is very close.

Kansk(92,575 thousand people) - founded in 1628 on the Kan River. After the Siberian Highway passed through the city, it began to develop intensively and became the center of leather craft. But the main component of the city's economy was agriculture. Under the USSR, the situation did not change radically. Yes, several new factories have appeared. But there are few of them. These are mainly enterprises Food Industry(distillery and brewery - how could we live without them?), chemical, woodworking industries.

(“Krasnoyarsk-26”) is a small city near Krasnoyarsk with a population of 85 thousand people. It appeared in connection with the construction of a plant for the production of weapons-grade plutonium here in 1950. Having become the main enterprise of the city, the mining and chemical plant is a huge underground complex, comparable in scale to the Moscow Metro. Apart from this enterprise, the situation in the city is quite pleasant: there is a large beautiful lake, wide streets, modern houses in new areas. The only problem is that due to nuclear, defense and space industry enterprises, Zheleznogorsk has the status of a closed administrative-territorial entity.

Krasnoyarsk is the youngest city with a million population Russian Federation. The anniversary resident was born on April 10, 2012. At the beginning of 2015, the population of the city of Krasnoyarsk was just over 1,052,000 people. For the first time in many decades, since 2009, there has been a positive dynamics in the birth rate, that is, the number of births is greater than the number of deaths over a certain period. However, the basis for the rapid growth of the population of the regional center is still labor migrants.

History in numbers

Krasnoyarsk is a rare example when an ancient Siberian fort, founded by pioneering Cossacks and merchants in 1628, was reborn into a modern metropolis. Other settlements founded in the 16th and 17th centuries - Tobolsk, Mangazeya, Okhotsk, Verkhoturye, Narym, Tara and others - were destined to either disappear or lead a quiet provincial life.

However, the city did not immediately become a major industrial center. For two centuries since its founding, the population of Krasnoyarsk did not exceed 3,000 people. Only by the middle of the 19th century did it increase to 6,000, when the settlement became the administrative center of the Yenisei province, formed in 1822.

Since the 1830s the area, its natural resources began to be actively developed by large industrialists. In 1833 the Znamensky glass factory was erected, and in 1853 - a faience factory. Organization of shipping along the Yenisei, construction railway(1895), the development of gold mines attracted thousands of migrants from other Russian provinces. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Krasnoyarsk exceeded 30,000 inhabitants.

With the advent of Soviet power, there was a sharp increase in the industrial potential of the capital of Krasnoyarsk. If in 1923 there were 60,000 residents living here, then in 1939 there were already more than 180,000. It must be admitted that the population of Krasnoyarsk increased sharply during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. Being located deep in the rear, the industrially developed region became a convenient “safe haven” where large enterprises were evacuated from the west of the USSR. Many workers who arrived remained to live in the city. Over the next 15 years, the number of city residents almost doubled - to 328,000 in 1956.

Modern times

Towards the end of an era Soviet Union Krasnoyarsk has become one of the largest Siberian centers, second only to Novosibirsk and Omsk. The birth of the millionth resident was expected by 1990. However, the ensuing economic depression led to a sharp outflow of residents. The city had never seen such a mass exodus: in five years, the population of Krasnoyarsk decreased by 40,000 (to 869,000 in 1995).

The gradual improvement of the economy, the discovery of new mineral deposits, and socio-demographic projects made it possible to increase the population: the population of Krasnoyarsk reached 900,000 in 2002. Ten years later, in the spring of 2012, the millionth resident was registered.

Population dynamics by year

• 1856 - 6400 people.
• 1897 - 26700 hours
• 1923 - 60400 hours
• 1939 - 186100 hours
• 1956 - 328,000 hours
• 1967 - 576,000 hours
• 1979 - 796,300 hours
• 1989 - 912600 hours
• 1996 - 871,000 hours
• 2002 - 909300 hours
• 2009 - 947800 hours
• 2015 - 1052200 h.

Forecast for the future

The Department of Social Protection of the Population of Krasnoyarsk has compiled a demographic forecast for the medium term. According to officials, the urban population will continue to grow, but will decrease slightly. According to the master development plan, in 2033 the number of residents should reach 1,300,000 people - mainly due to movement from other areas of the region.

Work migration

It is no secret that the explosive growth in the number of metropolitan residents over the past 10 years is explained by labor migration. Moreover, the largest flow of migrants comes from other regions of Krasnoyarsk. As a result, despite the steady population growth, there is an acute shortage of personnel in the regions. For example, 600,000 people are not enough to develop the resources and settle the Lower Angara region! The richest reserves of hydrocarbons have been explored here, large factories are being built (pulp and paper, production of MDF boards, aluminum), but there are not enough of them. Obviously, no matter how much you persuade the population of Krasnoyarsk to move for permanent residence to Lesosibirsk, Kodinsk or Boguchany, people will prefer the more comfortable living conditions of the regional capital.

There is a migration of immigrants from the CIS and Baltic countries to the territory of the region. In the mid-90s, the leadership was held by residents of Ukraine, and since the 2000s, the largest percentage of migrants came from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. From January 1, 1992 to January 1, 2004, the total increase in migrants from abroad amounted to 64,500 people in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Mostly migrants settle in large cities. Thus, the largest number of migrants live in Krasnoyarsk, Sharypovo, Achinsk, and Lesosibirsk. Among the districts, Emelyanovsky and Berezovsky are the leaders, which is explained by their territorial proximity to the metropolis.

Krasnoyarsk region

While the main city of the region is growing steadily, the population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole has not yet reached the levels of the early 2000s. Demographic statistics are as follows:

• 1959 - 2,204,000 people.
• 1970 - 2516000 hours
• 1989 - 3,027,000 hours
• 2000 - 3,022,000 hours
• 2100 - 2828000 hours
• 2015 - 2858000 hours

At the moment, natural population growth is observed in most regions of the region with a coefficient of 0.1-0.2 per 1000 people. It is gratifying that positive dynamics are also observed among the majority of indigenous peoples.

National composition of the region

According to the results of the All-Russian Census of 2002, 2,966,042 people lived in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which is 2.4% less than in 1989 (including 39,786 people living in the territory of Taimyr, 17,697 in the territory of Evenkia).

From 1989 to 2002, the share of Russians in the region’s population decreased slightly (by 0.8%) and amounted to 88.9%, or 2,638,281 inhabitants. In most districts and settlements (with the exception of places of compact residence of ethnic communities), the Russian population constitutes the overwhelming majority. In Taimyr and Evenkia their share reaches 58.6% and 61.9%, respectively. The share of the non-Russian population in the Krasnoyarsk Territory by 2002 (compared to 1989) decreased from 12.4 to 11.1% (from 378,051 to 327,761 people).

At the same time, the number of nationalities represented in the population structure of the region increased from 128 to 137. The results of the 2002 census draw attention to the significant increase in residents who did not want to indicate their nationality: their number increased 3.6 times (from 4395 to 15822 people).

National composition of Krasnoyarsk

City statistics differ little from regional statistics, which is natural. The latest 2010 census did not reveal any significant deviations from the 2002 data. The administration collected information about 974,591 people, including determining their number by national composition. The population of Krasnoyarsk was distributed as follows:

Due to the difficult situation in Ukraine, refugees from Donbass and Luhansk region are being accommodated in the region. There are no statistical data yet on how they affect the composition and structure of the population. Among the newcomers there are many women and children, and it is unclear whether they will stay in the city forever or return to their homeland after the resolution of the military conflict.

Conclusion

Population of Krasnoyarsk at this stage development is rapidly increasing. This is the fastest growing million-plus city in Russia. This phenomenon is facilitated by several key factors: the presence of a developed industry and relatively high positive dynamics of the birth rate, a favorable average age of the population - 37.7 years (according to the 2010 census), external and

According to experts, Krasnoyarsk is attractive for labor migrants for several reasons. Firstly, the city is characterized by the development of the construction industry, which predominantly employs migrants. Secondly, an important role is played by the active work of the relevant national-cultural associations, whose tasks include immigrants.

There are many visitors from neighboring regions and republics. Most migrants come from Khakassia, Tyva, Buryatia, Irkutsk and Kemerovo regions. First of all, they are attracted by the favorable socio-economic situation, the amenities of the city, the availability of programs to support immigrants, and the availability of jobs. Krasnoyarsk is a modern city where both local residents and visitors feel comfortable.

The ethnic composition of the region is extremely diverse and diverse. Representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the question of nationality will allow each national group to declare itself as a real force important for our multinational state. Analysis of the 2002 census data allows us to draw some conclusions on current state ethnodemographic situation in the Krasnoyarsk region.

Firstly, the region has significantly decreased specific gravity non-Russian population, from 12.4% in 1989 to 11.0% in 2002. It is characteristic that the number of Russians decreased over 13 years by 22.3 thousand people, or 0.5%, while the “losses” of the national community during this time amounted to 50.3 thousand people, or 13.3%.

Secondly, the list of nationalities living in the region expanded from 124 to 137. Interestingly, the 2002 census did not reveal representatives of seven nationalities noted in the 1989 census (Chuvans, Georgian and Central Asian Jews, Oroks and Orochs, Yukaghirs and Krymchaks ). And vice versa, in the latest census 19 nationalities appeared, previously, as a rule, not found in the territory of the region. One of the main reasons for this is the surge in national self-awareness of the 1990s and liberalization in determining ethnic self-identification.

Table 6 - National composition of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Thirdly, the number and proportion of ethnic groups within the national community of the region have changed significantly. The number of old-timers (for Krasnoyarsk) diaspora population has decreased due to a decrease in natural growth, migration loss, cultural integration and assimilation processes. The number of Tatars in the region during the last intercensus period decreased by 10%, Buryats, Germans and Yakuts - by 15-18%, Bashkirs, Lithuanians, Mari, Moldovans, Poles, Tuvans, Udmurts, Finns, Khakassians and Chuvashs - by 20-30 %, Belarusians, Latvians, Mordovians and Ukrainians - by 1.5-1.7 times, Jews - by 1.9 times. According to scientists, if the population of an ethnic group has decreased by more than 20% in such a short period of time, then the main reason for this should be sought in a change in ethnic identity. The exception is Jews, for whom the main reason is emigration and the aging of the diaspora. Unlike the old-time nationalities of Krasnoyarsk, they have significantly increased their representation in the region due to the increased birth rate and active migration of the diaspora of the Caucasus, Central and Southeast Asia.

Fourthly, there is a stabilization in the number of indigenous peoples in the region small peoples North (SIPN) with a slight upward trend - 6% during the intercensus period. Among the Dolgans and Evenks it was 7-8%, among the Selkups - 15%, Nenets and Kets - 21-22%. The exceptions are the Enets (increase by 1.8 times) and Nganasans (decrease by 26%). The growth of the northern aboriginal population in difficult socio-economic conditions is due to a fairly high birth rate, as well as the active self-identification of mestizos in favor of classifying themselves as the peoples of the North. Their expectations are related to the hope of targeted social support on the part of the state through the adoption and implementation of federal and regional target programs.

Fifthly, among national minorities Urbanization processes are developing at an accelerated pace. Migrants arriving in the region are trying to gain a foothold in large cities, forming enclaves along ethnic lines, while the old-time populations living in the countryside are rapidly declining due to migration outside the region and the “aging” of the population. The consequence of this was a steady reduction in the places of their compact residence.

In general, the non-Russian population lives in all cities and districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory without exception. In more than half of them, the share of nationalities does not exceed 10%; in another 23 cities and regions this figure ranges from 10 to 20%. In Norilsk, Kazachinsky and Tungusko-Chunsky (EAO) districts, the share of the non-Russian population is at the level of 20-30%, in the Dudinsky municipality (TAO), Baykitsky (EAO) and Pirovo districts - within 40-50%, in the Khatanga district ( TAO) reaches 65%, and in the Ust-Yenisei region of the same district - 74%.