Mineral deposits of the Krasnodar region. Mineral resources of the Krasnodar region Presentation on the topic of mineral resources of the Kuban

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News

• 27.12.2017
  The Rosneft company has begun exploratory drilling in the Western Black Sea area, the resources of which can reach six hundred million tons of oil and one hundred billion cubic meters of natural gas. This project Russian company is being implemented jointly with the Italian company Eni, under an agreement signed five years ago. Drilling of the first deep-water exploration and appraisal well “Maria-1” on the Black Sea shelf will be carried out using the Scarabeo 9 semi-submersible floating drilling rig.
  
  
• 25.01.2015
  On January 27, the Krasnodar State Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve opens the exhibition “Stone Chronicle of the Kuban”, which has been long awaited by geologists and paleontologists, professionals and amateurs, adults and children.
  
  
• 21.03.2014 Exhibition “Jewelry Salon – 2014” - a combination of exquisite style and brilliant solutions
  The exposition of the exhibition “Jewelry Salon” will bring together the best jewelry houses, craftsmen jewelry art, suppliers and manufacturers of jewelry, accessories, costume jewelry, trade and display equipment, tools and Supplies from all over the country.
  
  
• 23.08.2013 “Golden offers” at the jewelry exhibition “GOLD OF THE SUMMER CAPITAL”
  From August 3 to August 12, 2013, the exhibition pavilions near the Seaport of Sochi were filled with sparkle precious stones and metals – the 7th specialized jewelry exhibition “GOLD OF THE SUMMER CAPITAL” took place in the city.
  
  
• 30.07.2013 The West Akhtanizovsky site, located in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory, will be put up for auction again
  The previous auction for the Zapadno-Akhtanizovskoye oil field was held in 2010, but there was no buyer for the site then. The next auction is scheduled by the Subsoil Use Administration for the Krasnodar Territory on August 29
  
  
• 15.03.2013 Rosneft received a license to explore a field in the Krasnodar region
  Geological exploration of the Yuzhno-Kuchansky site, located in the Temryuk region Krasnodar region Rosneft will take over
  
  
• 07.09.2012 Results of the jewelry competition at the exhibition "Gold of the Summer Capital 2012"
  At the 6th annual specialized jewelry exhibition “Gold of the Summer Capital” (Sochi), more than 170 companies presented a wide range of jewelry.
  
  
• 05.09.2012 A medieval reservoir was discovered in Sochi
  During the expedition, which took place on the territory of the Caucasus Biosphere Reserve, Sochi geologists discovered clay shafts presumably from the Middle Ages
  
  
• 05.05.2012 Will sandy beaches remain in Anapa?
  Local residents believe that sand mining near Anapa could harm the resort’s eclogue
  
  
• 10.04.2012 In the Krasnodar Territory, the South-West Bank of Sberbank of Russia sold two coins for almost five million rubles
  Two commemorative collectible coins with a total value of 4.6 million rubles were sold in the Krasnodar region.
  
  

General information

The region is located in the southwestern part North Caucasus, the 45th parallel divides it into approximately two equal parts. In the northeast, the region borders on the Rostov region, in the east - on the Stavropol Territory, in the south - on Abkhazia. From the northwest and southwest, the territory of the region is washed by the Azov and Black Seas. The total length of the region's borders is 1,540 km, of which 800 km by land and 740 km by sea.
The greatest length of the region from north to south is 327 km and from west to east - 360 km.

The Krasnodar Territory covers an area of ​​76 thousand square kilometers and is the southernmost region of Russia. More than five million people live in the region, including about 53% in cities and 47% in rural areas. The average population density is 66.6 people per 1 square kilometer.

The territory of the region was formed from part of the territories occupied before the revolution by the Kuban region and the Black Sea province. Two administrative units were united into the Kuban-Black Sea region, which in 1920 occupied an area of ​​105.5 thousand square kilometers. In 1924, the North Caucasus region was formed with its center in Rostov-on-Don; in 1934 it was divided into the Azov-Black Sea (center - Rostov-on-Don) and North Caucasus (center - Stavropol) regions.

Slide 3

Mineral resources are found in the foothills, mountains and on the Azov-Kuban plain. There are reserves of oil, natural gas, cement marl, iodine-bromine waters, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron, copper, apatite and serpentinite ores, rock salt, mercury, gypsum, and a small amount of gold.

Slide 4

• Peat – Novokubansky district
• Listvenit – Mostovsky district
• Kaltsit - Maykop district
• Ferrous ocher - on the Belaya River
• Arsenic ore – Lazarevsky district
• Red granite - Maykop district

View all slides

Associated with the beaches of the Black Sea coast. Some may still remember the coast of the Azov Sea and mineral waters. But most non-local residents will find it difficult to remember which mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory they know. Although more than sixty of them were discovered in the local depths.

Geological structure

Krasnodar region as a territorial unit Russian Federation formed in 1937. It is located in the southern part of the country. More than two thirds of the territory - the northern part - is occupied by flat terrain. One third - the southern one - is occupied by the foothills and mountains of the Greater Caucasus. This diversity of relief is the reason that more than two hundred mineral deposits are known in the region. The mineral resource map of the Krasnodar Territory shows the location of the main deposits.

Brief description of resources

As can be seen from the map above, the flat part is rich in blue fuel deposits. There are also some ore deposits here. But the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, their western part, are the main place where the mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory are located (oil and deposits of various building materials - limestone, gypsum, marl, sand and gravel). In addition, this is the main location of mercury ores. Rock salt and the most famous mineral waters of the Krasnodar region are also mined here.

Hydrocarbons

This territory is the first in Russia where production was drilled oil well. This happened back in the middle of the nineteenth century. Since then, other regions have taken the lead in oil production, but oil production is carried out in the local area even today, and new wells are regularly put into operation.

Currently, over one hundred and fifty oil and gas fields are known. The main deposits of natural gas are located in the Azov-Kuban depression. stretched out in a chain along the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. The largest oil reserves were discovered in the Novodmitrovskoye field. In addition to production, oil is processed in the region at the corresponding plants in Tuapse and Krasnodar.

Construction Materials

Various materials for the construction industry are the most diverse mineral resources of the Krasnodar region. The photo below shows what marble looks like when it is mined.

After all, there are its deposits not far from Sochi. Almost all of them lie along the foothill line. Marl deposits near Sochi are rich in cement raw materials. Granite and gravel are mined near Gyulkevichi and Kropotkin. Limestone is harvested near In the Krasnodar region, quartz sand is still being extracted for use in construction and molding sand for metallurgy.

Healing springs

The mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory in terms of water mineralization are enormous. According to the availability of medicinal mineral waters this territory surpasses any European analogues. Numerous springs rich in mineral water. Salty or bitter-salted are intended for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. intestinal tract and musculoskeletal system. The springs are located along the Black Sea coast, as well as in the Caucasian foothills. The Slavyano-Troitskoye field contains about thirty percent of all Russian reserves. In addition to the usual mineral springs, there are also thermal ones.

Ore minerals

The ore minerals of the Krasnodar region do not look so bright against the rest of the background. The Taman Peninsula is represented by ferromanganese ores. Iron ore (Malobambakskoye) and manganese ore (Labinskoye) deposits have been discovered along the river banks. The Labinskoye deposit in the foothills of the Caucasus turned out to be the richest in copper. Here, in the foothills, but more eastern, quite rare mercury ores are mined in four known deposits. Gold is also mined here, although in very small quantities.

Colored stones and more

The Krasnodar region has deposits of colored stones - a material for decoration. Two jasper sites and one jadeite source are being processed. In addition to colored ones, two places of deposits are also known facing stones. The layers of the only known, but very rich deposit of rock salt reach a total thickness of almost five hundred meters. Salt is not food grade, but is used to produce chlorine by electrolysis and produce evaporated table salt. More than thirty deposits of seashells are also known, but only six of them are processed. This material used as feed meal.

The total land area in the region is 7546.6 thousand hectares. Distribution of land fund by land (thousand hectares): agricultural land, total - 4724.5; lands under surface water - 388.5; swamps - 183.8; land under forests and trees and shrubs - 1703.1; other lands - 548.6.

Mineral resources:

More than 60 types of minerals have been discovered in the depths of the region. They mainly occur in foothill and mountainous areas. There are reserves of oil, natural gas, marl, iodide-bromine waters, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron and apatite ores, and rock salt. The largest Azov-Kuban basin of fresh groundwater in Europe is located on the territory of the region, which has significant reserves of thermal and mineral waters.

In the region there are more than 250 deposits of building materials (clay, sand, marl, limestone, etc.) under industrial development. The amount of reserves made it possible to maintain a high level of production for a long time.

The construction industry of the region is provided with the main mineral resources for a long period. At the same time, no sands suitable for the production of concrete and glass have been identified. There are no clay deposits for the production of sanitary products and fine ceramics, raw materials for production mineral wool, which are necessary for existing enterprises operating on imported raw materials.

More than 10 oil and gas fields are being developed in the region.

The level of gas production has stabilized and is about 2 billion m3 per year. Due to the introduction of measures aimed at increasing the level of associated gas utilization, the actual utilization rate of associated gases reached 96% in Krasnodarneftegaz JSC, and 98% in Termneft JSC.

The significant depletion of numerous oil and gas fields objectively does not allow increasing production, and the high exploration level (80%) of hydrocarbon resources causes a low increase in reserves.

During the development of deposits of building materials, from the beginning of operation, the area of ​​disturbed land amounted to 3.31 thousand hectares, of which 2.14 thousand hectares were developed, incl. arable land -1.12 thousand hectares, only 1.16 thousand hectares have been reclaimed, incl. arable land - 0.45 thousand hectares.

Geological natural monuments:

Akhtanizovskaya Sopka (geomorphological, hydrogeological and tectonic types of federal rank) - in the Temryuk region. This is one of the highest active mud volcanoes in the region.

Karabetova Mountain (geomorphological, hydrogeological and tectonic types of federal rank) - in the Temryuk region. This is the largest active mud volcano in the region. Dirt leaks regularly. Liquid mud, of various gray shades, accumulates in a mud lake.

Cape Iron Horn (geomorphological, paleontological and mineralogical types of federal rank) - on the southern coast of the Taman Peninsula in the Temryuk region. It is composed of Neogene deposits. The rocks lie inclined and the ore layer extends into the sea, which is dangerous for shipping.

Lake Abrau (hydrogeological type of federal rank) - near Novorossiysk. It is fed by the Abrau River, several springs and temporary watercourses. It has no surface runoff; the influx of water is compensated by surface evaporation.

Flysch deposits (stratigraphic type of federal rank) - along almost the entire coastline from the city of Gelendzhik to the village. Dzhanhot. Here, a section of typical carbonate flysch of Cretaceous age is perfectly exposed, which is characterized by the occurrence of layers of various hieroglyphs of biogenic and mechanical origin on the lower surface.

Rock Parus (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Gelendzhik region. In this place, the flysch strata lie at an angle of almost 90 degrees. The process of weathering of the rock led to the formation of a remnant layer of light yellow sandstone 1 m thick, which is a lonely rock 30 m high and 25 m long.

Waterfalls on the river Teshebe (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the border of the Gelendzhik and Tuapse regions. They are a cascade of waterfalls formed by a mountain river in a karst layer of light gray thick-slab limestone of Late Cretaceous age.

Kiselev Rock (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Tuapse region. A cliff about 40 m high descends steeply to the sea. It is composed of flysch strata of Upper Cretaceous age. The angle of incidence of the rocks is close to 90 degrees.

Guam Gorge (geomorphological type of federal rank) is a canyon in the Absheron region, which was cut through by the river. Kurdzhips in the strata of dolomitized limestones of the Upper Jurassic between the villages of Mezmay and Guamka. Thick layers are colored yellow, brown, red, white and black.

Big Azisht cave (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the southern part of the Azish-Tau ridge. It is a cavity of complex configuration formed in dolomitized Oxford-Cambridge limestones by karst processes. The cavities are decorated with numerous large stalactites, stalagmites, aragonite deposits and calcite slabs.

Belorechenskoye deposit of barite (mineralogical type of federal rank) - near the village. Nickel. IN geological structure The deposits include Lower and Middle Paleozoic mica gneisses, amphibolites, serpentinites and granitoids of Late Paleozoic age. The main minerals are: barite, calcite, fluorite, dolomite, ankerite, galena and sphalerite.

Canyon river Belaya near Khadzhokh station (geomorphological type of federal rank) is a unique relief element near the village. Kamennomostsky. R. Belaya washed a narrow gap in the massif of light gray limestones of Jurassic age - the Khadzhokh Gorge. The banks of the gorge are 35-40 m high; numerous niches and “cauldrons” have been washed out in them.

Fisht mountain group. (geomorphological type of federal rank) - peaks Fisht (2868 m), Oshten (2804 m) and Pshekha-Su (2744 m) within Adygea. Most of The massif is composed of heavily karstified Upper Jurassic reef limestones. The three westernmost glaciers of the Caucasus are located on the peaks. The deepest karst mine in the region, the Soaring Bird, is located on Mount Fisht.

Granite gorge river Belaya (geomorphological type of local significance) - on the territory of Adygea. The river cuts through the Dakhovskaya granite massif, composed of pink and gray medium- and coarse-grained Mesozoic granites, and forms a gorge with rapids and waterfalls 200 m deep and 4.2 km long.

Dakhovskaya cave (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the territory of Adygea. This is a classic corridor-type cave. Its cavity has no branches and goes in one direction. Numerous finds in the cultural layer of the Paleolithic era were made in the cave.

Agur waterfalls (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the outskirts of Sochi. It is a gorge in Upper Cretaceous limestones and dolomites, formed by the river. Agura with a cascade of picturesque waterfalls and beautiful vegetation on the slopes. There are only three waterfalls.

Vorontsovskaya cave system (geomorphological type of federal rank) - in the Khostinsky district, in the upper reaches of the river. Kudepsta. The most extensive karst cavity of the region is located in the heavily karstified limestones of the Upper Cretaceous. This group includes Vorontsovskaya, Labyrinthovaya and Dolgaya caves and the Kabany Proval mine. In the Vorontsovskaya Cave, a rich cultural layer of the Bronze Age was uncovered and the bones of a cave bear were collected.

Aleksky karst region (geomorphological type of federal rank) - on the right bank of the river. Eastern Khosta in the Sochi region. An array of 18 large karst cavities is composed of karst limestones of Upper Jurassic age. All underground cavities are flooded and form a large hydrogeological system.

Land resources:

The total land area in the region is 7546.6 thousand hectares. Distribution of land fund by land (thousand hectares): agricultural land, total - 4724.5; lands under surface water - 388.5; swamps - 183.8; land under forests and trees and shrubs - 1703.1; other lands - 548.6.

Two-thirds of the region's topography is occupied by plains. The soil cover in the region is represented by 108 types of soil: thick and super-deep chernozems, ordinary chernozems, gray forest, brown forest, sod-carbonate, brown, meadow-chernozem, meadow and others. On the Azov-Kuban plain, the largest plain, there are the most fertile black soils in the country, which differ from the black soils of other regions of Russia high power humus layer, often exceeding 120 cm.

Noteworthy is the systematic reduction in the area of ​​perennial plantings. Over a seven-year period (1991-1998), on average, perennial plantings decreased annually by 3.9 thousand hectares, and over the last year - by 4.5 thousand hectares.

Among agricultural lands, a special place is occupied by irrigated lands, which are located on a total area of ​​453.4 thousand hectares, which is 6.0% of the total land area of ​​the region. Irrigated lands are represented by engineered rice systems (235.1 thousand hectares), as well as large systems that use sprinkler systems (163.2 thousand hectares).

Drained lands in the region occupy only 24.1 thousand hectares, or 0.5% of the total area of ​​agricultural land; of which arable land accounts for 19 thousand hectares, perennial plantings - 0.7 thousand hectares.

According to the state land cadastre, the quality of agricultural land and arable land in the region is the highest in Russia. However, studies carried out incompletely under the land monitoring program show that the state of the soil cover of the region has approached the line beyond which irreversible processes land degradation.

Over the past 25-30 years, the region has seen a steady trend of reduction in the area of ​​arable land and perennial plantings due to increased groundwater, salinization, acidification and other processes of soil degradation. Soils are especially susceptible to water erosion processes. The area of ​​the eroded pasha was about 270 thousand hectares. The area of ​​land potentially dangerous for wind erosion processes in the region is 3189.1 thousand hectares, water erosion - 1246.5 thousand hectares. About 1 million hectares of land in the region are subject to deflation. Humus content in soils last years fell to 3.9%. Due to loss of fertility and soil degradation, about 210 thousand hectares of arable land are subject to conservation.

The largest amount of disturbed land occurs during the development of mineral deposits and their processing - 2809 hectares, or 80% of the total area of ​​disturbed land.

The soils are most contaminated with heavy metals, the share of the territory contaminated to the level of “moderately dangerous” was 32.7% of the total area of ​​the region, “dangerous” - 5%, “extremely dangerous” - 2.1%. Oil pollution at the above levels amounted to 0.5%, 0.4%, 1.3%, respectively. The soil is contaminated with nitrates to the level of "moderately dangerous" on an area of ​​3.5% of the area of ​​the region, "hazardous" - 0.6%. Soil leaching occurred to the “moderately dangerous” level on 9.1%, and to the “hazardous” level on 5.8% of the territory of the region. Soils are salinized to the level of “moderately dangerous” on an area of ​​5.3% of the territory of the region, to “dangerous” - by 2.1%, to “extremely dangerous” - by 1.4%.

The main pollutants are arsenic, mercury, phosphorus, lead, strontium, ytterbium, yttrium. The accumulation of pollutants occurs in the rice-growing areas of the Azov lowland, the Khadyzhensk oil-bearing province, the Belorechensk region, the upper reaches of the Psekups and Pshish rivers, in the Ubinskaya ore area (mercury), in the city of Big Sochi.

The leaching of elements from soils poses a certain environmental hazard. Intensive removal of zinc, lead, copper, and cobalt occurs in the floodplains of the Azov lowland, on the Black Sea coast and on the slopes of the Stavropol Upland. The soils along the line of oil fields in the foothills of the region are contaminated with petroleum products and phenols. Soils in areas with intensive livestock farming (Yeisky, Kushchevsky and other areas) are contaminated with nitrates. Intensive soil salinization occurs in the Azov lowland and in the Anapa region.

The pesticide load on agricultural land in general has decreased significantly.

Monitoring the content of radionuclides in the soil showed that their total beta activity is close to the background value.

Russian Civilization

Everything that is extracted from the bowels of the earth and used by man is called minerals. They were formed over many, many millions of years. More than 60 types of minerals have been discovered in Kuban. They occur in the foothills, mountains and on the Azov-Kuban plain. There are reserves of oil, natural gas, cement marl ,iodine bromine waters, marble, limestone, sandstone, gravel, quartz sand, iron, copper, apatite and serpentinite ores, rock salt, gypsum, small amounts of gold.

Mineral resources mined in the Krasnodar Territory can be divided into: fossil fuels, Construction Materials, non-metallic minerals and healing springs.

Fossil fuels:

OIL is produced in the areas of Apsheronsk, Abinsk and Slavyansk-on-Kuban. It is processed at two oil refineries - Krasnodar and Tuapse. At the same time, not only fuel (kerosene, gasoline) is obtained from it, but also raw materials that are used in the chemical industry. Oil is always accompanied by GAS, which is called ASSOCIATED GAS and is used in national economy. In addition to associated petroleum gas, our region has large reserves of NATURAL GAS, which is used in everyday life and in production.

Construction Materials:

Our region is also rich in materials that are used in construction, such as gypsum and limestone stone, sandstone, shell rock and marl. By processing marl, we obtain cement. Marl reserves are very large, entire mountains stretch from the village of Verkhnebakanskoye to the city of Sochi. In the vicinity of Gulkevichi and Armavir there are quarries of gravel and sand necessary for the production of concrete.

Among the riches of Kuban, the forest occupies an important place, because has great environmental significance and is the main source of valuable timber in Russia.

Non-metallic minerals:

There are large reserves of rock salt in the Mostovsky district. The thickness of the salt layers exceeds one hundred meters. They also extract foundry sand, which is necessary for metallurgical plants. Quartz sand is mined near the village of Varenikovskaya, which is located next to our region.

Healing springs:

The largest Azov-Kuban basin of fresh groundwater in Europe is located on the territory of the region, which has significant reserves of thermal and mineral waters.

Mineral springs have been discovered in the foothills of the Krasnodar Territory, as well as on the Black Sea coast. Mineral springs are salty or bitterly salty, sometimes tasteless. But they are medicine and very useful. They treat various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system.

Mining and processing of minerals is one of the most important components of the industrial development of the Krasnodar region. Based on this, as well as environmental requirements, unconditional compliance with the requirements for rational use and protection of subsoil, including compliance established by law the procedure for providing subsoil for use, protecting mineral deposits from flooding, watering, fires and other factors, preventing subsoil contamination during work related to the use of subsoil, conducting advanced geological studies of subsoil, ensuring a reliable assessment of mineral reserves.