Small genres of folklore. Proverbs and sayings
Small genres of folklore - proverbs and sayings Teacher of Russian language and literature Kopylova Elena Ivanovna FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL 6". TAJIKISTAN.
Folklore. Folklore. Folklore - folk art - a set of customs, rituals, songs and other phenomena folk life English folk – people, lore – wisdom, knowledge
Small genres of folklore are small-sized folklore works. Lullaby song Pestushka Nursery rhyme Joke Catchphrase Sentence Counting book Tongue twister Riddle
What small genres of folklore have you not named yet? Proverb A short saying that evaluates a phenomenon, event, or person. A proverb expresses a complete thought. Proverb Part of your sentence that makes your speech brighter and more expressive. Part of your judgment.
Proverbs about proverbs A PROVERB IS NOT SAID IN vain. THE PROVERB TELLS THE TRUTH TO EVERYONE. PROVERB A CENTURY WILL NOT BE BROKEN. A STUPID SPEECH IS NOT A PROVERB. RED SPEECH IS A PROVERB. YOU CAN'T ESCAPE THE PROVERB.
Thematic groups proverbs Love for the Motherland The bird that doesn’t like its nest is stupid. On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little crow. The Russian does not joke with a sword or a roll of bread. Literacy and learning Those who are good at reading and writing will not be lost. Learning to read and write will come in handy in the future. Live and learn.
Hard work and laziness Patience and work will grind everything down. You can't get bread by lying down. A small deed is better than a big idleness. Land and peasant work. They plow the arable land without waving their hands. As is the fiber, so is the fabric. Whose land is his bread.
Family Love and advice, and no need. Husband and wife are one soul. So that the owner smells like wind, and the hostess smells like smoke. Nature and signs The snow is deep - the year is good. Spring day feeds the year. March is deep and May is wet - there will be porridge and loaf.
The Word The Word is not a sparrow; if it flies out you won’t catch it. If you say it, you won’t turn it back, if you write, you won’t erase it, if you chop it off, you won’t put it back. About friendship An old friend is better than two new ones. A friend in need is a friend indeed. A good brother can make you crazy.
Task 1. Continue the proverbs. He is not afraid of work,... He takes on everything,... You need to bend down,... Take on everything - Don’t take on your own business, but... Judge people not by their words, but... Don’t sit idly by,...
Task 2. Include sayings in sentences. To kick the bucket; take the bull by the horns; out of the blue; seven Fridays a week; without a year a week; easy to remember; come out dry from water.
Task 3. Choose proverbs that are synonyms. You can't grow turnips without care.
Types of small genres of folklore
Lullaby
Lullaby- one of the oldest genres of folklore, as evidenced by the fact that it retains elements of a talismanic conspiracy. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad and scary in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again. That is why you can find the “little gray wolf” and other frightening characters in the lullaby. Later, lullabies lost their magical elements and acquired the meaning of good wishes for the future. So, Lullaby- a song used to lull a child to sleep. Since the song was accompanied by the measured swaying of the child, rhythm is very important in it.
Pestushka
Pestushka(from the word nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic chant of nannies and mothers, with which they accompany the actions of a child that he performs at the very beginning of his life. For example, when the child wakes up, the mother strokes and caresses him, saying:
Stretchers, stretchers,
Across the fat girl,
And in the hands of the veil,
And in the mouth there is a talk,
And in the head there is reason.
When a child begins to learn to walk, they say:
Big feet
Walked along the road:
Top, top, top,
Top, top, top.
Little feet
Running along the path:
Top, top, top, top,
Top, top, top, top!
Nursery rhyme
Nursery rhyme- an element of pedagogy, a song-sentence that accompanies playing with a child’s fingers, arms and legs. Nursery rhymes, like pesters, accompany the development of children. Small rhymes and songs allow you to encourage the child to take action in a playful way, while simultaneously performing massage, physical exercises, and stimulating motor reflexes. This genre of children's folklore provides incentives to play out the plot using fingers (finger games or Ladushki), hands, and facial expressions. Nursery rhymes help instill in a child the skills of hygiene, order, and develop fine motor skills and the emotional sphere.
Examples
"Magpie"
Option 1
Magpie Crow, (running finger over palm)
Magpie Crow,
I gave it to the kids.
(curls fingers)
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
But she didn’t give it to this:
- Why didn’t you cut wood?
- Why didn’t you carry water?
Option 2(features in the cartoon “The Little Mouse Song”):
Magpie Crow
Cooked porridge,
She fed the babies:
Gave this one
Gave this one
Gave this one
But she didn’t give it to this.
"Okay" (clap hands on stressed syllables)
Okay, okay, where have you been? By Grandma!
What did you eat? Porridge!
What did you drink? Mash!
Butter porridge!
Sweet mash!
(Grandma is kind!)
We drank, ate, wow...
Shuuu!!! (Home) Let's fly!
They sat on their heads! ("Ladushki" sang)
We sat down and sat down,
Then we flew home!!!
joke
joke(from bayat, that is, to tell) - a poetic, short, funny story that a mother tells her child, for example:
Owl, owl, owl,
Big head,
She was sitting on a stake,
I looked to the side,
He turned his head.
Proverbs
They teach something.
The road is a spoon for dinner.
Don't go into the forest to be afraid of the wolf.
Birds of a feather flock together.
You can't pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
Fear has big eyes.
The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
There is no need for treasure if there is harmony in the family.
Don't have 100 rubles, but have 100 friends.
An old friend is better than two new ones.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
If I had known where you would fall, I would have laid out straws.
You make a soft bed, but sleep hard.
The Motherland is your mother, know how to stand up for her.
Seven do not wait for one.
If you chase two hares, you won't catch either.
The bee is small, but it also works.
Bread is the head of everything.
Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
Games
There were special songs for the games. Games could be:
- kissing. As a rule, these games were played at parties and get-togethers (usually ending with a kiss between a young guy and a girl);
- ritual. Such games were characteristic of some kind of ritual, holiday. For example, Maslenitsa festivities (typical fun: removing a prize from the top of a pole, tug of war, competitions for dexterity, strength);
- seasonal. Particularly common among children, especially in winter time. We played the so-called “Warmers”: the leader shows some movements, and everyone else repeats. Or the traditional “collar” and “stream”.
An example of a kissing game:
Drake
The drake chased the duck,
The young man was driving sulfur,
Go home, Ducky,
Go home, Gray,
Duck has seven children,
And the eighth Drake,
And the ninth itself,
Kiss me once!
In this game, the "Duck" stood in the center of the circle, and the "Drake" outside, and played like a game of "cat and mouse". At the same time, those standing in the round dance tried not to let the “drake” into the circle.
Calls
Calls- one of the types of invocation songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. For example, the spell of a rich harvest runs through all the calendar songs; For themselves, children and adults asked for health, happiness, and wealth.
Calls are an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals and especially often to birds, which were considered the harbingers of spring. Moreover, the forces of nature were revered as living: they make requests for spring, wish for its speedy arrival, and complain about winter.
Larks, larks!
Come and visit us
Bring us a warm summer,
Take the cold winter away from us.
We're tired of the cold winter,
My hands and feet were frozen.
Counting book
Counting book- a short rhyme, a form of drawing lots to determine who leads the game. The counting table is an element of the game that helps establish agreement and respect for accepted rules. Rhythm is very important in organizing a counting rhyme.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles
Aty-baty, what is he like?
Aty-baty, golden.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles.
Aty-baty, who's coming out?
Aty-baty, it's me!
Patter
Patter- a phrase built on a combination of sounds that makes it difficult to quickly pronounce words. Tongue twisters are also called “pure twisters” because they contribute and can be used to develop diction. Tongue twisters can be both rhymed and non-rhymed.
Greek rode across the river.
He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river,
He stuck the Greek's hand into the river -
Cancer for the hand of a Greek - DAC!
The bull was blunt-lipped, the bull was blunt-lipped, the bull's white lip was dull.
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
Mystery
Mystery, like a proverb, is a short figurative definition of an object or phenomenon, but unlike a proverb, it gives this definition in an allegorical, deliberately obscure form. As a rule, in a riddle one object is described through another based on similar features: “The pear is hanging - you can’t eat it” (lamp). A riddle can also be a simple description of an object, for example: “Two ends, two rings, and a nail in the middle” (scissors). This is both a folk pastime and a test of ingenuity and intelligence.
The role of riddles and jokes was also played by inverted fables, which for adults appear as absurdities, but for children - funny stories about what does not happen, for example:
From behind the forest, from behind the mountains, Grandfather Egor is coming. He is on a gray cart, on a creaking horse, belted with an axe, a belt tucked into his belt, boots wide open, a zipun on his bare feet.
General history
Oral folk art (folklore) existed even in the pre-literate era. Works of folklore (riddles, tongue twisters, fables, etc.) were transmitted orally. They memorized them by ear. This contributed to the emergence of different versions of the same folklore work.
Oral folk art is a reflection of the life, way of life, and beliefs of ancient people. Works folk art accompany a person from birth. They contribute to the formation and development of the child.
Links
- Irina Gurina. Useful poems and fairy tales for all cases of disobedience
see also
Notes
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what “Small genres of folklore” are in other dictionaries:
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Eleazar Moiseevich Meletinsky (October 22, 1918, Kharkov December 16, 2005, Moscow) Russian scientist philologist, cultural historian, Doctor of Philology, professor. Founder of the research school of theoretical folkloristics. Contents 1... ...Wikipedia
Eleazar Moiseevich Meletinsky (October 22, 1918, Kharkov December 16, 2005, Moscow) Russian scientist philologist, cultural historian, Doctor of Philology, professor. Founder of the research school of theoretical folkloristics. Contents 1... ...Wikipedia
Works. Such folk works enter a person’s life very early, long before mastering speech.
Encyclopedic YouTube
1 / 3
✪ Riddles are small genres of oral folk art. Video lesson on reading 2nd grade
✪ Literature 5 (Arkhangelsky A.N.) - Meetings with folklore: small genres. Video tutorial
✪ Unified State Exam in Literature 2019. Folklore. Genres of folklore
Subtitles
Types of small genres of folklore
Lullaby
Lullaby- one of the oldest genres of folklore, as evidenced by the fact that it retains elements of a talismanic conspiracy. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad and scary in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again. That is why you can find the “little gray wolf” and other frightening characters in the lullaby. Later, lullabies lost their magical elements and acquired the meaning of good wishes for the future. So, a lullaby is a song used to lull a child to sleep. Since the song was accompanied by the measured swaying of the child, rhythm is very important in it.
Pestushka
Pestushka(from the word nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic chant of nannies and mothers, with which they accompany the actions of a child that he performs at the very beginning of his life. For example, when the child wakes up, the mother strokes and caresses him, saying:
Stretchers, stretchers,
Across the fat girl,
And in my hands I grab something,
And in the mouth there is a talk,
And in the head there is reason.
When a child begins to learn to walk, they say:
Big feet
Walked along the road:
Top, top, top,
Top, top, top.
Little feet
Running along the path:
Top, top, top, top,
Top, top, top, top!
Nursery rhyme
Nursery rhyme- an element of pedagogy, a song-sentence that accompanies playing with a child’s fingers, arms and legs. Nursery rhymes, like pesters, accompany the development of children. Small rhymes and songs allow you to encourage the child to take action in a playful way, while simultaneously performing massage, physical exercises, and stimulating motor reflexes. This genre of children's folklore provides incentives to play out the plot using fingers (finger games or Ladushki), hands, and facial expressions. Nursery rhymes help instill in a child the skills of hygiene, order, and develop fine motor skills and the emotional sphere.
Examples
joke
joke(from babble, that is, to tell) is a poetic short funny story that a mother tells her child, for example:
Owl, owl, owl,
Big head,
She was sitting on a stake,
I looked to the side,
He turned his head.
Proverbs and sayings
They teach something.
- The road is a spoon for dinner.
- If you're afraid of the wolf, don't go into the forest.
- Birds of a feather flock together.
- You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
- Fear has big eyes.
- The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.
- A rolling stone gathers no moss.
- There is no need for treasure if there is harmony in the family.
- Don't have 100 rubles, but have 100 friends.
- An old friend is better than two new ones.
- A friend in need is a friend indeed.
- If I had known where you would fall, I would have laid out straws.
- You make a soft bed, but sleep hard.
- The Motherland is your mother, know how to stand up for her.
- Seven do not wait for one.
- If you chase two hares, you won't catch either.
- The bee is small, but it also works.
- Bread is the head of everything.
- Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
- The wolf's legs feed him.
- The master's work is afraid.
Games
There were special songs for the games. Games could be:
- kissing. As a rule, these games were played at parties and get-togethers (usually ending with a kiss between a young guy and a girl);
- ritual. Such games were characteristic of some kind of ritual, holiday. For example, Maslenitsa festivities (typical fun: removing a prize from the top of a pole, tug of war, competitions for dexterity, strength);
- seasonal. Particularly common among children, especially in winter. We played the so-called “Warmers”: the leader shows some movements, and everyone else repeats. Or the traditional “collar” and “stream”.
An example of a kissing game:
Drake
The drake chased the duck,
The young man was driving sulfur,
Go home, Ducky,
Go home, Gray,
Duck has seven children,
And the eighth Drake,
And the ninth itself,
Kiss me once!
In this game, the "Duck" stood in the center of the circle, and the "Drake" outside, and played like a game of "cat and mouse". At the same time, those standing in the round dance tried not to let the “drake” into the circle.
Calls
Calls- one of the types of invocation songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. For example, the spell of a rich harvest runs through all the calendar songs; For themselves, children and adults asked for health, happiness, and wealth.
Calls are an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals and especially often to birds, which were considered the harbingers of spring. Moreover, the forces of nature were revered as living: they make requests for spring, wish for its speedy arrival, and complain about winter.
Larks, larks!
Come and visit us
Bring us a warm summer,
Take the cold winter away from us.
We're tired of the cold winter,
My hands and feet were frozen.
Counting book
Counting book- a short rhyme, a form of drawing lots to determine who leads the game. A counting table is an element of the game that helps establish agreement and respect for the accepted rules. Rhythm is very important in organizing a counting rhyme. He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river,
He stuck the Greek's hand into the river -
Cancer by the hand of the Greek - DAC!
The bull was blunt-lipped, the bull was blunt-lipped, the bull's white lip was dull.
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
Mystery
Mystery, like a proverb, is a short figurative definition of an object or phenomenon, but unlike a proverb, it gives this definition in an allegorical, deliberately obscure form. As a rule, in a riddle one object is described through another based on similar features: “The pear is hanging - you can’t eat it” (lamp). A riddle can also be a simple description of an object, for example: “Two ends, two rings, and a nail in the middle” (scissors). This is both a folk pastime and a test of ingenuity and intelligence.
The role of riddles and jokes was also played by inverted fables, which for adults appear as absurdities, but for children - funny stories about what does not happen, for example:
Because of the forest, because of the mountains
Grandfather Yegor is coming.
He's on a cart,
On a creaking horse,
Belted with an axe,
The belt is tucked into the waistband,
Boots wide open
Zipun on bare feet.
General history
Oral folk art (folklore) existed even in the pre-literate era. Works of folklore (riddles, tongue twisters, fables, etc.) were transmitted orally. They memorized them by ear. This contributed to the emergence of different versions of the same folklore work.
Oral folk art is a reflection of the life, way of life, and beliefs of ancient people. Works of folk art accompany a person from birth. They contribute to the formation and development of the child.
Publication date: 2016-09-13
Short description: ...
6th grade.
Lesson No. 3. Lesson topic: Proverbs and sayings as a small genre of folklore.
Lesson objectives:
repeat small genres of folklore;
show the beauty and value of Russian proverbs and sayings, explain their instructive meaning;
show the similarities and differences between two genre forms;
develop students’ speech through commented reading of proverbs;
cultivate interest in folklore traditions Russian people.
Planned educational results:
Personal UUD
– to expresspositive attitude towards the learning process:
Show attention, surprise, desire to learn more;
– evaluateown educational activities: own achievements, independence, initiative, responsibility, reasons for failures;
Metasubject –
Regulatory:
P accept and save the learning task,
P plan the necessary actions, act according to plan ,
perform self-check or mutual check of the educational task; carry out the educational task in accordance with the goal;
Cognitive:
They extract the necessary information and know the theoretical material on the topic.
Communication :
Able to present specific content in the form of an oral statement
Subject:
knowledge of the concept of folklore, ritual folklore, the main features of folklore in the life of the people, to interest in ancient Russian ritual poetry, to learn to compare folklore and literary works, read folklore works expressively.
Lesson type: combined.
During the classes:
A saying is a flower, a proverb is a berry.
Proverb
Org moment. Motivation for learning activities.
Checking homework.
Announcing the topic of the lesson and setting educational goals. Working with an epigraph.
Learning new material.
Teacher's word
– Guys, today in the lesson we will get to know in detail the genres of proverbs and sayings.
– Tell me, what proverbs and sayings do you know?(Students' answers)
– Proverbs and sayings live in the folk speech of the century. They were born in ancient times and reflect all aspects of people's lives. Some of them have come down to us in works ancient Russian literature XI-XII centuries: “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, “The Tale of Bygone Years”. The collection of proverbs began in the 16th century, but the records have not reached us. The first handwritten collections date back to the 17th and 18th centuries. The compilers of proverbs and sayings were F.I. Buslaev, A.N. Afanasyev and others. But the most famous is Vladimir Ivanovich Dal (1801-1872). He devoted his entire life to collecting and systematizing proverbs and sayings (about 30 years). In addition to the collection “Proverbs and Sayings,” V.I. Dal prepared and published a four-volume “ Dictionary living Great Russian language”, where he cited many proverbs and sayings.
Working with the textbook
– Now let’s read the article in the textbook “Proverbs and Sayings” pp. 11-13.
3. Vocabulary work.
Proverb - a small genre of folklore, a short saying, an allegory with a moralizing slant. Proverb - folk wisdom, passing from generation to generation and supporting the way of life of the people, the spiritual and moral image of the people.
Proverb - a genre of folklore, a figurative expression that has entered everyday speech.
– Guys, let's determine what the similarities and differences between proverbs and sayings are.
Discussion and filling out the table“Similarities and differences of proverbs and sayings”
No wonder they say: “A proverb is a flower, a proverb is a berry.” (Refer to the epigraph of the lesson).Determine which of them are proverbs and which are sayings?
What goes around comes around.
Seven Fridays a week.
Price according to merit, not service.
Seven on the benches.
The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it.
Seventh water on jelly.
Work from textbooks, pp. 13-14
– How do you understand the meaning of these proverbs and sayings?
X. Lesson summary . Game "Guess it." "Small genres of folklore"
1) The parrot says to the parrot, parrot, I will scare you.
The parrot answers him: parrot, parrot, parrot!!!(Patter).
2) Sleep, my joy, sleep!
The lights in the house went out;
The bees are quiet in the garden,
The fish fell asleep in the pond.(Lullaby)
3) Above grandma's hut
The bread hangs by the edge,
Dogs bark
But they can’t get it.(Month, riddle)
4) Rain, rain, rain more!
To make it more fun!
Rain, rain, rain, rain!
On me and on people!(Zaklik)
5) And in our yard
The little pig was rummaging
And accidentally tail
Clings to the sky.(Tall tale)
6. A horned goat is coming
For the little guys.
Legs top top,
Eyes clap-clap.
Who doesn't sleep on time, doesn't drink,
That goat is gored.(Rhyme)
7) Senka the lucky one,
Carry me on a stick
Go on foot yourself
Turn it over!(Jokes)
8) Stretchers, stretchers!
Rotok is a talker,
Hands are grasping,
Legs are walkers. (Pestushka)
9) Mouse, mouse,
You have a bone tooth,
Give me the steel one.(Sentence)
10) Sitting on the golden porch:
Tsar, prince, king, prince,
Shoemaker, tailor -
Who will you be?
Speak quickly
Don't delay
Kind and honest people!(Counting book)
11) Crybaby, polish, shoe polish,
There's a hot pancake on my nose.
It's no good to cry
You might catch a cold.(Tease)
12) Seven Fridays a week. (Proverb)
13) An affectionate word is sweeter than honey.(Proverb)
– Guys, what did we learn about in class today?
– Was today’s lesson interesting for you?
– What new things have you learned for yourself?
– Did you guys experience any difficulties in today’s lesson? What are they connected to?
XI. Ratings
XII. Homework: pp. 13-16 (read, answer 1 question orally), write down the definitions of proverbs and sayings in a notebook or write a miniature essay using proverbs and sayings. –
Folklore is oral folk art. Fairy tales, proverbs, and sayings reflect the wisdom of the people, the experience accumulated over centuries, ideas about the structure of the world, and the practical experience of peasants. Folklore works are still popular, you can often see folk dances and hear songs. Children enjoy reading Russian folk tales. Unfortunately, in the 21st century, not all genres of folklore are known, many are completely forgotten.
1) Problem. Previously, in Rus' there were many genres of small, or children's, folklore. Only riddles, proverbs, sayings and tongue twisters have survived to this day. What other genres of small folklore are there? Let's try to answer this question.
2) Goal. Find examples of different small genres of folklore
3)Tasks:
Ask your classmates what genres of folklore they know, write down examples.
Find examples in the literature.
Find the definition of each genre.
4) Methods: survey, observation, search.
The object of study is the genres of Russian folklore.
The subject of study is small genres of folklore.
SMALL GENRES OF FOLKLORE
Small genres of folklore- These are small folklore works. In some works there is a definition children's folklore, since such folk works enter a person’s life very early, long before mastering speech.
Types of small genres of folklore
Lullaby- one of the oldest genres of folklore, as evidenced by the fact that it retains elements of a talismanic conspiracy. People believed that a person is surrounded by mysterious hostile forces, and if a child sees something bad and scary in a dream, then in reality it will not happen again. That is why you can find the “little gray wolf” and other frightening characters in the lullaby. Later, lullabies lost their magical elements and acquired the meaning of good wishes for the future. So, a lullaby is a song used to lull a child to sleep. Since the song was accompanied by the measured swaying of the child, rhythm is very important in it.
Pestushka(from the word nurture, that is, to nurse, groom) - a short poetic chant of nannies and mothers, with which they accompany the actions of a child that he performs at the very beginning of his life. For example, when the child wakes up, the mother strokes and caresses him, saying:
Stretchers, stretchers,
Across the fat girl,
And in the hands of the veil,
And in the mouth there is a talk,
And in the head there is reason.
When a child begins to learn to walk, they say:
Big feet
Walked along the road:
Top, top, top,
Top, top, top.
Little feet
Running along the path:
Top, top, top, top,
Top, top, top, top!
Nursery rhyme- an element of pedagogy, a song-sentence that accompanies playing with a child’s fingers, arms and legs. Nursery rhymes, like pesters, accompany the development of children. Small rhymes and songs allow you to game form encourage the child to take action while simultaneously performing massage, physical exercises, and stimulating motor reflexes. This genre of children's folklore provides incentives to play out the plot using fingers (finger games or Ladushki), hands, and facial expressions. Nursery rhymes help instill in a child the skills of hygiene, order, and develop fine motor skills and the emotional sphere.
Examples
|
"Magpie" Magpie Crow, (running finger over palm) |
"Magpie"(option featured in the cartoon “The Little Mouse’s Song”): Magpie Crow |
"Okay" (clap hands on stressed syllables) Okay, okay, where have you been? By Grandma! |
joke(from bayat, that is, to tell) - a poetic, short, funny story that a mother tells her child, for example:
Owl, owl, owl,
Big head,
She was sitting on a stake,
I looked to the side,
He turned his head.
Proverbs teach something.
The road is a spoon for dinner.
If you're afraid of the wolf, don't go into the forest.
Birds of a feather flock together.
You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
Fear has big eyes.
The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
There is no need for treasure if there is harmony in the family.
Don't have 100 rubles, but have 100 friends.
An old friend is better than two new ones.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
If I had known where you would fall, I would have laid out straws.
You make a soft bed, but sleep hard.
The Motherland is your mother, know how to stand up for her.
Seven do not wait for one.
If you chase two hares, you won't catch either.
The bee is small, but it also works.
Bread is the head of everything.
Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.
Games
There were special songs for the games. Games could be:
kissing. As a rule, these games were played at parties and get-togethers (usually ending with a kiss between a young guy and a girl);
ritual. Such games were characteristic of some kind of ritual, holiday. For example, Maslenitsa festivities (typical fun: removing a prize from the top of a pole, tug of war, competitions for dexterity, strength);
seasonal. Particularly common among children, especially in winter. We played the so-called “Warmers”: the leader shows some movements, and everyone else repeats. Or the traditional “collar” and “stream”.
An example of a kissing game:
The drake chased the duck,
The young man was driving sulfur,
Go home, Ducky,
Go home, Gray,
Duck has seven children,
And the eighth Drake,
And the ninth itself,
Kiss me once!
In this game, the "Duck" stood in the center of the circle, and the "Drake" outside, and played like a game of "cat and mouse". At the same time, those standing in the round dance tried not to let the “drake” into the circle.
Calls- one of the types of invocation songs of pagan origin. They reflect the interests and ideas of peasants about the economy and family. For example, the spell of a rich harvest runs through all the calendar songs; For themselves, children and adults asked for health, happiness, and wealth.
Calls are an appeal to the sun, rainbow, rain and other natural phenomena, as well as to animals and especially often to birds, which were considered the harbingers of spring. Moreover, the forces of nature were revered as living: they make requests for spring, wish for its speedy arrival, and complain about winter.
Larks, larks!
Come and visit us
Bring us a warm summer,
Take the cold winter away from us.
We're tired of the cold winter,
My hands and feet were frozen.
Counting book- a short rhyme, a form of drawing lots to determine who leads the game. A counting table is an element of the game that helps establish agreement and respect for the accepted rules. Rhythm is very important in organizing a counting rhyme.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles
Aty-baty, what is he like?
Aty-baty, golden.
Aty-baty, the soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty, to the market.
Atty-batty, what did you buy?
Aty-baty, samovar.
How much does it cost?
Aty-baty, three rubles.
Aty-baty, who's coming out?
Aty-baty, it's me!
Patter- a phrase built on a combination of sounds that makes it difficult to quickly pronounce words. Tongue twisters are also called “pure twisters” because they contribute and can be used to develop diction. Tongue twisters can be both rhymed and non-rhymed.
Greek rode across the river.
He sees a Greek: there is a cancer in the river,
He stuck the Greek's hand into the river -
Cancer for the hand of a Greek - DAC!
The bull was blunt-lipped, the bull was blunt-lipped, the bull's white lip was dull.
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
Mystery, like a proverb, is a short figurative definition of an object or phenomenon, but unlike a proverb, it gives this definition in an allegorical, deliberately obscure form. As a rule, in a riddle one object is described through another based on similar features: “The pear is hanging - you can’t eat it” (lamp). A riddle can also be a simple description of an object, for example: “Two ends, two rings, and a nail in the middle” (scissors). This is both a folk pastime and a test of ingenuity and intelligence.
The role of riddles and jokes was also played by inverted fables, which for adults appear as absurdities, but for children - funny stories about what does not happen, for example:
From behind the forest, from behind the mountains, Grandfather Egor is coming. He is on a gray cart, on a creaking horse, belted with an axe, a belt tucked into his belt, boots wide open, a zipun on his bare feet.
CONCLUSION
Oral folk art (folklore) existed even in the pre-literate era. Works of folklore (riddles, tongue twisters, fables, etc.) were transmitted orally. They memorized them by ear. This contributed to the emergence of different versions of the same folklore work.
Oral folk art is a reflection of the life, way of life, and beliefs of ancient people. Works of folk art accompany a person from birth. They contribute to the formation and development of the child.
Our hypothesis was confirmed; with the help of surveys and observation, we found out that not much children’s folklore remains to this day, but in fact there are a lot of genres.
