Who wrote the fable of the dragonfly and... Dragonfly and Ant. Development of the plot from the ancient Hellenes to Mother Russia

The dragonfly sang, frolicked, and enjoyed the warmth and nature all summer. But the summer has passed, the cold has set in, Dragonfly has nowhere to hide, nothing to eat. She goes to the ant and asks her to shelter and warm her until spring. The ant asks her: “Did you work in the summer?” The dragonfly replies that she had no time for that! Then the Ant drives her away: “Have you been singing everything? This business. So go ahead and dance"

Read the fable of the Dragonfly and the Ant online

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang,
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died,
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.

Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger is coming,
The dragonfly no longer sings,
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm!

Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.

Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that it turned my head.

Oh, so you...

I sang all summer without a soul.

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

(Illustration by Irina Petelina)

Moral of the fable Dragonfly and Ant

Published by: Mishka 16.01.2019 12:26 17.07.2019

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Other fables by Krylov

• Elephant and Moska - Krylov's fable

  The Elephant was paraded along the street, followed by crowds of onlookers. Then Little Pug ran out and started barking loudly at the Elephant. She screamed and got into a fight with him, but he didn’t pay any attention to her. ...

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The beautiful jumping Dragonfly and the homely Ant are the heroes of Krylov’s fable. A funny poem about a difficult life.

Fable of the Dragonfly and the Ant read

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang,
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died,
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.

Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger is coming,
The dragonfly no longer sings,
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm!

Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.

Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that it turned my head.

Oh, so you...

I sang all summer without a soul.

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

Moral of the fable The dragonfly and the ant

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

Fable Dragonfly and Ant - analysis

Krylov borrowed the idea of ​​the fable about the dragonfly and the ant from the fabulist La Fontaine, who in turn spied the plot from the equally famous ancient Greek writer Aesop. The ant symbolizes hard work and it is not surprising, because this genus is famous for its efficiency; they work hard at any time of the year. The dragonfly, on the contrary, is associated with frivolity. The moral of the story is simple: if you don’t want to freeze and starve in winter, work in the summer.

Aryanov N., Krivokhizhin V.

Project Manager:

Sabinskaya Tatyana Anuprievna

Institution:

GBOU Secondary School No. 2 "OTs" s. Kinel-Cherkasy

IN research work on literature "Secrets of I.A. Krylov's fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant"" The authors learn the history of the creation of the famous fable and perform a literary and biological analysis of the work. A survey is conducted, a literary and biological comparison of the characters is carried out, interdisciplinary connections are established.

Introduction
Chapter 1. Fable and great fabulists.
Chapter 2. The history of the creation of the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”
Chapter 3. Literary and biological analysis of the fable.
Conclusion
List of used literature.
Applications.

Introduction

The fables of Ivan Andreevich Krylov are familiar to everyone from early childhood. But are you sure that you know well everyone’s favorite works and everything connected with them?

If you read the familiar lines more closely, many questions may arise. It became such a mystery to me fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant". Why did the fabulist make these insects his heroes?

The identified contradiction made it possible to determine research problem: What is the secret of Krylov's fable?

Object of study: fable by I.A. Krylov "Dragonfly and Ant".

Subject of study: images of dragonflies and ants from the point of view of literature and entomology.

Research hypothesis: the author's intentions will be clearer if we know the history of the creation of the fable and analyze the images of the main characters.

Fables by I.A. Krylova are included in school curriculum in literature, therefore this study is relevant, as it will help me and my classmates in understanding the work of the great Russian fabulist.

Purpose of the study: learn the history of the creation of I.A.’s fable Krylova " Dragonfly and ant"and perform a literary and biological analysis of the work.

Research objectives:

• study literary sources about the history of fables by different authors;
• study literature about insects;
• conduct a survey of class students to identify information that they know about Krylov’s fables;
• conduct a literary and biological comparison of the fable's heroes;
• Based on the work done, establish interdisciplinary connections and draw a conclusion about the role various items in the formation of a diverse picture of the world.

Research methods:

1. Questioning classmates;
2. Analysis of information sources;
3. Comparative analysis.

Practical significance of the study:
Factual material, conclusions and results research project can be used as additional (illustrative) material when studying literature, biology, and extracurricular activities.

Chapter 1. Fable and great fabulists

What is a fable? Every student gets acquainted with her, meeting already in primary school. He gets acquainted and immediately forgets.

Fable- a rather unpopular genre, since it is perceived only as a moral lesson, or, in extreme cases, as a small entertainment story.

The fable undeservedly remains in the shadows, giving way to other genres. Why? Maybe we just don’t know enough about her!?

What is a fable?, where did she come from, what is it “made of, woven” from and why is it collecting dust on the far shelf? Let's try to figure it out.

1. What famous fabulists do you know?
2. What fables by I.A. Have you read Krylov?
3. Who became the hero of Krylov's demon?
4. Do you know the story of the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant"?

100% of students named I.A. Krylov, 45% remembered Aesop.

- "A Crow and a fox";
- “Pig under the oak tree”;
- “Wolf in the kennel”;
- “Dragonfly and Ant.”

The heroes of the fables were animals and insects. And the story of the fable " Dragonfly and Ant“Few people know.

« Fable is an allegorical, instructive narrative, fable, fable, parable, where it is customary to depict animals and even things in words" [No. 2, vol. 1, p. 52]
« Fable - a short allegorical moralizing poem, story" [№4, page 37]

The most famous in the world, perhaps, were only three wise fabulists: the Greek slave Aesop, the French nobleman La Fontaine and our Russian “grandfather Krylov.” Gogol called Krylov’s collection of fables “the book of wisdom of the people themselves.”

Krylov’s fables were known not only in Russia: even during the author’s lifetime, many of them were translated into Western European languages ​​and gained popularity in France, Germany, and England.

Aesop is considered the founder of the fable as a genre, as well as the creator of the artistic language of allegories, the Aesopian language, which has not lost its relevance from ancient times to the present day.

Aesop- a semi-legendary figure of ancient Greek literature, a fabulist who lived in the 1st century BC. It is impossible to say whether Aesop was a historical figure. There was no life story of Aesop. Historians only wrote that Aesop was a slave on the island of Samos, then was freed, lived during the time of the Egyptian king Amasis and was killed.

He could not openly condemn human vices, so he turned to fables, in which he expressed his thoughts not directly, but with the help of intricate allegories: they talk about a fox and grapes, but they must mean a person and the object of his aspirations.

His fables have long been glorified throughout the world, and all later fabulists were influenced by his talent.

Jean de Lafontaine- also famous, but only a French fabulist. His father served in the forestry department, and Lafontaine spent his childhood among forests and fields. In 1668, the first six books of fables appeared, under the modest title: "Aesop's Fables, Translated into Poems by M. de La Fontaine"

The artistic significance of La Fontaine's fables is enhanced by his figurative language and the richness and diversity of his poetic form.

Great Russian fabulist I.A. Krylov- was a writer of rare destiny. Born in Moscow in the family of a poor army captain. After his father retired, the family settled in Tver. After the death of his father, the family was left without any means of subsistence, and Krylov had to work as a scribe in the Tver court from the age of ten.

In the winter of 1782, Krylov moved to St. Petersburg and entered service in the chancellery. In St. Petersburg he found what he dreamed of: educated people, books, theater. He created a new satirical magazine, The Spectator, which immediately became popular.

He discovered his lucky genre - the fable. It brought together all the facets of his talent as a writer. In total, nine books of fables were published during Krylov’s lifetime. When asked why he chose this type of poem, he said: “ After all, my animals speak for me».

Chapter 2. The history of the creation of the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant.”

In 1808, Ivan Andreevich Krylov's fable " Dragonfly and ant"However, Krylov was not the creator of this plot; he translated the fable into Russian" Cicada and ant"by the French poet Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695), who, in turn, borrowed the plot from the great Greek fabulist of the 6th century BC Aesop.

In winter, the ant pulled out its supplies, which it had accumulated in the summer, from a hidden place for drying. A starving grasshopper begged him to give him food to survive. The ant asked him: “ What did you do this summer?" The grasshopper replied: “ Sang without resting" The ant laughed and, putting away the supplies, said: “ Dance in winter if you sang in summer».

Lafontaine changed this plot. Aesop's masculine grasshopper has become La Fontaine's feminine cicada. Because the word " ant" (la Fourmi) in French is also feminine, the result is not a plot about two men, like Aesop’s, but about two women.

In La Fontaine's fable, two neighbors are talking: the economical Ant and the frivolous Cicada.

Summer whole Cicada
I was happy to sing every day.
But the summer is leaving red,
And there are no supplies for the winter.
She didn't go hungry
She ran to Ant,
If possible, borrow food and drink from a neighbor.
“As soon as summer comes to us again,
I’m ready to return everything in full, -
Cicada promises her. -
I’ll give my word if necessary.”
Ants are extremely rare
He lends money, that's the problem.
“What did you do in the summer?” -
She tells her neighbor.
“Day and night, don’t blame me,
I sang songs to everyone who was nearby.”
“If so, I’m very happy!
Now dance!”

As we see, the Cicada does not just ask the Ant for food, she asks for food on credit. However, Ant refuses her neighbor, dooming her to starvation. The fact that Lafontaine predicts the death of the cicada between the lines is clear from the fact that the cicada was chosen as the main character.

In Plato’s dialogue “Phaedrus” the following legend is told about cicadas: “Cicadas were once people, even before the birth of the Muses. And when the Muses were born and singing appeared, some of the people of that time became so delighted with this pleasure that among the songs they forgot about food and drink and died in self-forgetfulness. From them came the breed of cicadas: they received such a gift from the Muses that, having been born, they do not need food, but immediately, without food or drink, they begin to sing until they die.”

So, the primary source is about the cicada. This is a really loud insect, as they say. And he sings and dances. But cicadas were found in the Mediterranean. And the name “Cicada and the Ant” was perceived as something foreign.

A. Krylov wrote for ordinary people. Therefore, he replaces the foreign cicada with the Russian dragonfly, endowing it with some features of the grasshopper, the closest relative of the southern cicada.

I.A. Krylov not only translated. And he rethought La Fontaine's fable. This is how the original couple Dragonfly and Ant appeared, over which more than one generation of readers laughs and thinks deeply.

Chapter 3. Literary and biological analysis of the fable

Every line of this fable is perfection! The characters are lively, bright, recognizable. I.A. Krylov calls Dragonfly Jumper. In one word, the author of the fable reveals the carefree nature of this character (playfulness, songs every hour).

The dragonfly asks for shelter until the spring days. This is a lot, because it is only late autumn, and supplies need to be saved until spring.

But the dragonfly does not understand this. After all, she is not used to working, has not stocked up for the winter, and her careless character will destroy the Dragonfly.

Now let's look at this fable character with biological point vision and find out how much the literary image of a dragonfly corresponds to its biological characteristics.

If you analyze this fable from the point of view of entomology (the science of insects), you can find many errors. Let's turn to the text of the fable. Here are the lines of the work where described by I.A. Krylov, the facts do not correspond to reality.

Dragonfly

When creating this image of Ant, Krylov uses only one verb that characterizes the hero. He is asking: " Did you work during the summer?" This is Ant’s life philosophy, this is the main thing for him, therefore no other characteristics are required. All clear. The ant in all literary and folklore works is shown as a tireless worker. He is hardworking, hardy, persistent.

How does the literary image of an ant match its biological characteristics?

Although almost nothing is written about the ant in the work, our idea of ​​it almost completely coincides with the data we have: ants are hardworking, they are constantly doing something all summer.

Ant

Based on our comparative analysis we can conclude: the literary image does not at all coincide with the biological portrait of the insect.

So why did Krylov not know basic things? Of course this is not true. The above “mistakes” can be attributed to a brilliant rethinking of classical images.

Conclusion

While working on the project, we were convinced that the world work of art and the world of living nature are different. The artistic world is the world of art created by the imagination of the author.

And Krylov did not have to be a biologist for his work to remain for centuries, telling about moral values.

We love these fables, and their moral meaning is clear to everyone.

This research(project) on literature “The secrets of I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” allowed us to take a completely new look not only at this work, but also at the academic subjects studied at school.

We have seen how different the Dragonflies are in I.A.’s fable. Krylov and in the world of living nature and how realistically the Ant is depicted. With such different approaches literature and biology to the knowledge of reality, they contribute to the formation of a single, diverse picture of the world.

List of used literature

1. Krylov I.A. Fables. – M.: Education, 1985.

2. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1988

3. Attenborough D. “The World of Insects.” - Bustard, 2011.

Application

I.A. Krylov "Dragonfly and Ant"

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang;
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died;
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger comes;
The dragonfly no longer sings:
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
“Don’t leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm! -
“Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?” -
Ant tells her.
“Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that my head was turned.” -
“Oh, so you...” - “I’m without a soul
I sang all summer.” -
“Did you sing everything? this business:
So come and dance!”

Writers of the past treated creativity more than responsibly, believing that Russian literature should not only brighten up leisure time, offer interesting plots, and occupy time, but also teach, set an example, and condemn the vices of society. Ivan Krylov, a famous Russian fabulist and publicist, succeeded most in this matter. It is believed that his work is aimed mainly at children; in fact, in the poet’s short fables there is hidden a lot of subtext, hints at historical realities and specific personalities that can only be seen after time. So Krylov’s fables are moralizing works for all times and for all ages.

“The Dragonfly and the Ant” - what is the fable about?

Krylov borrowed the plot of a cute fairy tale about a wise ant and a frivolous jumping dragonfly from the 17th century French fabulist Jean de La Fontaine. However, he was also unoriginal, having picked up the idea from an older predecessor, Aesop. However, if the predecessors simply provide us with a moralizing plot, then Krylov prefers to create living, contrasting images.

The Russian fabulist's dragonfly is frivolous and short-sighted, while the ant, as usual, is hardworking and wise. Having walked all summer, the dragonfly, with the arrival of cold days, suddenly realizes that it has nowhere to hide and nothing to eat. And our heroine goes to the ant to ask for shelter. The ant began to ask what the uninvited guest was doing in the summer, to which she innocently told how she frolicked in the summer and sang in the grass. Where could she work and prepare for winter...

The reader clearly realizes that she does not repent of her stupid actions, but only asks to shelter her “until the spring days” - warm days will come and she will start having fun and dancing again. The dragonfly learned nothing from this life lesson, which is why the ant refused to give it shelter. The hard-working ant drives out the idle dragonfly, offering to continue “singing and dancing” like in the summer.

What does the fable teach and what does it condemn?

In his famous fable, Krylov does not highlight the moral in a separate introduction or epilogue - main idea the ant broadcasts, and the rest of the censure can be easily seen from the text of the work. The speaking images of the main characters contain the main opposition: hard work and laziness, the ability to plan for the future and life “one day at a time.” The author condemns such dragonfly people who strive to live at the expense of others, choosing for themselves an easy and carefree life.

Another instructive point that should be realized when reading the fable is that only a serious approach, hard work and activity will help you achieve the necessary benefits and success in life.

It is noteworthy that other fabulists (Aesop, La Fontaine) have a fable ending that differs from Krylov’s fairy tale. Early authors were more merciful to the carefree dragonfly - the heroine received help from a benevolent ant.

We know that many of Ivan Andreevich Krylov’s fables contain succinct, biting statements, vivid descriptions, and precise remarks, which is why they have long “lived” separately from the rest of the text. The stanza “the jumping dragonfly sang the red summer” has long become a quote that characterizes a frivolous slacker who does not think about his future.

The fable is included in the school curriculum, has been voiced more than once by actors on the radio and filmed in animated films. All because the message of this short poetic tale understandable even to the smallest. However, adults will be able to take away useful thoughts from it, recognize friends or even themselves in the characters. And it’s better to be like an ant than a dragonfly...