Compressor inhaler: what medications can be used? Nebulizer therapy The best medicine for inhalation.

Treating respiratory diseases by breathing steam over decoctions is a thing of the past. Modern technologies offer a large selection of different drugs in the fight against infection. One of them is a nebulizer. Nebulizer solutions for a runny nose, sinusitis, or for prevention must be purchased or made independently.

Nebulizer - a device for the common cold

It is possible to use a device such as a nebulizer with solutions to treat a runny nose from the very beginning. early age practically without restrictions. The exception is the following list of contraindications:

• Bleeding (pulmonary);
• Emphysema, spontaneous pneumothorax of the lungs;
• Problems with the functioning of the heart muscle;
• Individual intolerance to drugs placed in a nebulizer to produce steam.

Using an inhaler

Nasal nebulizers are divided into individual (home) and stationary (for use in hospitals). Home ones have a more compact appearance, are designed for fewer procedures and have greater access. Stationary inhalers are large in size, they are sold in special stores of industrial medical equipment and are designed for systematic daily use.

• Ultrasound devices;
• Compressor (jet);
• Electronic - mesh;
• Membrane.

Ultrasonic convert solutions for inhalation with a nebulizer into steam using ultrasonic vibrations on low frequencies. They are less noisy, more effective in the depth of steam penetration and are suitable for use even by babies up to 1 year old in any body position. They are gaining popularity, cost a little more, but are much more practical. The only drawback is that not all medications can be used with this device.

Compressor nebulizer works only from the network, quite noisy. They have 4 types, depending on the type of control and particle spraying. Affordable price contributes to great popularity. With its help, you can use hormonal inhalation solutions or antibiotics.

Membrane nebulizers spray particles at a height of 180 kHz through a mesh membrane. Very comfortable, practical, suitable for any type of medicine. The only drawback is the high cost of the device.

Solutions suitable for nebulizer treatment of runny nose

To eliminate a runny nose, devices that spray large particles are successfully used, which settle not only in the distant parts of the respiratory system, but also on the mucous membrane itself, helping the release of secretions. When a runny nose begins, it is recommended to use pharmaceutical medications specially created for these purposes, drugs with hormones, saline solutions, salt and alkaline agents. Solutions for inhalation with a nebulizer for a runny nose are determined by a doctor. For the purpose of prevention, you can use mineral water High Quality.

It is necessary to use a nebulizer for a runny nose only one hour after eating or physical activity. After using inhalation, it is forbidden to eat, smoke, or strain for another hour. When a doctor prescribes several medications, the interval between inhalations should be at least 15 minutes.

Nebulizer preparations for a runny nose are used of the alkaline or saline type to loosen congestion. They act directly on the source of congestion. For treatment, one inhalation is done during the day for 7-8 days.

Any medicine for inhalation is used only at room temperature.

List of the best nebulizer medications for colds on the market:

• Interferon. Ampoules with powder. There are no contraindications. The drug is an immunomodulator.
• Derinat. They come in drops, but they are great for inhalation.
• Pulmicort. Suspension for nebulizer. More suitable for allergy sufferers, as it is an antihistamine. Excellent for allergic rhinitis.
• Atrovent. Solution for inhalation (bronchodilator). Eliminates swelling of the nasal mucosa.
• Fluimucil. Effective for thick mucus in the nose, it is mucolytic, thins and removes phlegm.

Means for the treatment of sinusitis using a nebulizer

Sinusitis is a more serious disease and requires an integrated approach. Before inhalation, vasoconstrictor drops prescribed by a doctor are used. Duration of treatment is 7-10 days. If after this no effect is obtained in the treatment, hormonal treatment with more serious drugs is used.

Solutions for inhalation with a nebulizer in the treatment of sinusitis are used of different types. These can be vasoconstrictors, salt and alkaline, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant and other agents. Combination medications are often used.

Simple solutions

The simplest solution is considered to be a saline solution for inhalation with a nebulizer. It can be made at home, without special skills and costs. Another simple remedy is pharmaceutical saline solution. Its instructions describe in detail how it is bred and used depending on the variety and degree of the disease. It is also necessary to read the instructions for the drug before use. It may not be suitable for some types of medications.

Despite the availability of inhalation products, this is a fairly serious procedure. It is recommended to consult a doctor before using any medicine. This is especially true for children under 3 years of age.

Saline solution

Saline solution for inhalation is one of the most beneficial for the respiratory tract. It has expectorant, antiseptic and antibacterial effects. To prepare it you will need boiled water (boiled for about 10 minutes), a few tablespoons of salt and a pharmaceutical saline solution or special water for inhalation. The latter must be added so that the mucous membrane does not dry out due to the large amount of salt.

To prepare a brine solution, it is better to use sea salt.

Essential oils

In addition to special solutions for nebulizers , you can use essential oils. Eucalyptus oil is especially effective. Before use, you just need to make sure that your device can be used with this product.

Soda solution

Also one of the simple nebulizer medicines for a runny nose , dry and wet cough. It is recommended to use three times a day. To do this, you need to dilute 1 teaspoon of soda per liter of warm saline solution. The "expiration date" of this medicine is no more than 1 hour after stirring, it is not heated; when repeating the procedure, it is necessary to prepare the solution again.

Saline solution

The simplest medicine for the treatment of a runny nose, used for inhalation. It is not suitable for preventing diseases, but it does a good job of eliminating the first signs of a runny nose and cough. The preparation method is indicated in each package. It is better to consult your doctor about the frequency and duration of the procedure.

general information

Solutions created for the nebulizer have different characteristics and are used depending on the type of disease. Antibiotics and hormones are considered the “heaviest artillery” in the fight against disease. They are prescribed when preventative and mild medications do not help. Using a nebulizer with inhalation solutions in treatment, you can easily cure unpleasant diseases of the nose and respiratory tract without swallowing tablets and capsules. Inhalations with modern devices are considered gentle and effective today.

Sometimes, in an effort to get rid of it faster or with the help of medications, we completely forget that there are other equally effective treatment methods. For example, such a procedure will in some cases help faster than any cough medicine or nasal drops.

In addition, many doctors themselves recommend to their patients when , , , as well as when using inhalation to treat and alleviate the symptoms of these diseases at home. It is worth noting that there are several types on sale now inhalers , including ultrasonic nebulizers new generation, which are easy to use and effective.

What is inhalation?

IN literal translation from Latin the name of this procedure sounds like “I inhale.” In principle, this one word contains the whole meaning. inhalation , which is a method of introducing medicine into the human body, based on inhalation of medical vapors.

The main advantage of this procedure can be considered the speed of delivery of drugs into the respiratory tract, which contributes to the onset of a rapid therapeutic effect. In addition, when inhaled, the risk of developing allergic reactions is reduced, since medications reach their target without digestive system person.

It is interesting that inhalation is not only artificial, i.e. one in which specialized devices (inhalers) are used, but also natural.

In times before inhalers, people went to seaside resorts or spent more time in the forest to saturate their bodies with beneficial compounds present in the air.

The advantage of this method of treatment is that during inhalation the absorption time of drugs is significantly reduced. As a result, the patient feels relief faster, since the local effect from using the inhaler occurs almost instantly.

Indications for inhalation are:

• ARVI , complicated by conditions such as, pharyngitis or rhinitis , as well as complications in the form and;
• pneumonia ;
• exacerbation of chronic forms tonsillitis, sinusitis And rhinitis ;
• exacerbation of chronic or acute phase of this disease;
• bronchiectasis ;
• fungal infection lower and upper respiratory tract;
• cystic fibrosis .

In addition, inhalations are used in the prevention of postoperative complications, as well as in the treatment of patients during the respiratory stage of the disease.

Among the main contraindications for this procedure are:

• heart failure ;
• pulmonary hemorrhage ;
• individual intolerance solutions for inhalation;
• pneumothorax (spontaneous, traumatic );
• bullous pulmonary emphysema .

It is worth noting that in some cases it is extremely undesirable to use inhalation as a treatment method, since it can greatly aggravate the patient’s condition. We are talking, for example, about , front or , as well as otitis in children.

Often with pneumonia Doctors do not recommend using inhalers. In addition, it is not recommended to use this method at elevated body temperatures.

There are several types of procedure:

• wet inhalation, in which the temperature of the drug in the form of a solution is maintained constantly at 30 C;
• steam inhalation;
• thermal-moist inhalation, in which the temperature of the medicine cannot be higher than 40C.

It is important to remember that infants can only have wet inhalation and only with the permission of the attending pediatrician. The steam procedure is dangerous for children, since there is a high probability of burns to the upper respiratory tract.

From the age of one year, warm-moist inhalations can be used to treat a child, but also only after preliminary medical consultation. In principle, any movement of parents aimed at treating children must be agreed upon with a specialist.

Inhalation, as a medicine for cough and runny nose, helps:

• improve blood circulation in the mucous membranes of the larynx and sinuses;
• liquefy the secretion that forms in the pharynx, larynx, and nasal passages during illness;
• removing secretions from the nasal sinuses, which ultimately helps to significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, since it goes away;
• moisturize inflamed mucous membranes of the nose and throat.

In addition, when using medicinal solutions for inhalation, this procedure has expectorant , antibacterial , bronchodilator , decongestant , and anti-inflammatory effect . At the moment, there are two main methods of inhalation.

The first one is well known to many people, since it does not require any specialized devices. We think that every second person has done steam inhalation at least once using a container with hot water or over a pan of freshly boiled potatoes.

The second method requires special devices - inhaler or nebulizer . A little later we will discuss whether a nebulizer or an inhaler is better, as well as what types of these devices you can buy and how to use them correctly.

Now let's talk about what inhalation solutions for runny nose and cough can be used at home? How to make the solution yourself and how to use it when you have a cough or runny nose? It is important to emphasize that before using any medicine, including inhalation mixtures, you should consult your doctor.

In addition, you should strictly follow the instructions for using the mixture for inhalation. This is actually very important, since any medicine can both cure and harm if used incorrectly.

At runny nose and nasal congestion, as well as sinusitis

• with eucalyptus, an alcohol tincture of the leaves of the plant is used for the procedure;
• with saline;
• with alcohol tincture of propolis;
• with alcohol tincture;
• with 0.024% aqueous solution;
• with alcohol tincture;
• with a homeopathic remedy;
• with or with 0.4% solution for injection Dexamethasone .

It is worth noting that inhalations with Dexamethasone for children, as well as with Pulmicort, are permissible only in cases of real need; these drugs are classified as glucocorticoids and they contain hormonal compounds.

From cough And sore throat , and also when asthma And bronchitis Inhalations will be effective:

• With mucolytics (drugs that thin mucus and help remove it from the lungs, according to Wikipedia), for example, , , , , ;
• with bronchodilators, which include anticholinergics (Troventol , Truvent , ), adrenomimetics (Terbutaline , , , , ), methylxanthines ( , Retafil , Durophyllin , Euphylong , ), combined bronchodilator ;
• with combined bronchodilators And expectorants drugs, for example, or;
• With antibiotics (Fluimucil );
• with antitussives ( , 2% solution);
• with anti-inflammatory drugs ( ).

Perhaps the simplest and most affordable solution that you can prepare yourself at home and use for a runny nose and cough is saline solution . For inhalation, you can use a ready-made saline solution purchased at a pharmacy. sodium chloride , the price of which is very affordable in comparison with other medications used for this procedure.

Or you can prepare the medicine yourself, since the composition of the saline solution actually consists of two main components - water and salt. Surprisingly at first glance, sea salt, and later table salt, has been used in medicine for thousands of years.

Saline is an indispensable medical product that is used for therapy, for example, as a dropper in case of dehydration or as a blood replacement in emergency situations, because it is the mixture of salt and distilled water that is close in composition to blood plasma.

In addition, saline solution is considered an effective antimicrobial agent; it is also used to dilute medications to the desired concentration and use it to rinse contact lenses.

What’s noteworthy is that when you have a runny nose, you can not only breathe saline solution through an inhaler, but also use it to rinse your sinuses.

There are several options for the composition of saline solution (more precisely, the proportions of water and salt), each of which is best suited for a particular purpose. However, according to doctors, when performing nasal inhalations at home, you can use any version of the composition of the drug.

Although it is still advisable to use a 0.9% solution for this procedure sodium chloride . As we said above, saline solution is ideal for rinsing the nose when runny nose at home, it is used for inhalation for sore throat , at pharyngitis , at obstructive bronchitis , at tracheitis And laryngotracheitis , as well as in inflammatory processes in the lungs and bronchi in the acute and chronic stages.

Saline solution can be used either alone or in combination with other drugs. For example, inhalations with saline and , , , , , , , and other mucolytic drugs will help to liquefy the mucous secretion in the respiratory tract, as well as its rapid separation and elimination from the body.

Which will ultimately make breathing easier, reduce the intensity of coughing and stop the inflammatory process. When coughing, you can mix these with saline: expectorants , decongestants And antiseptics natural origin such as honey, tincture of calendula and propolis, decoctions of chamomile, licorice root or St. John's wort, essential oils of lemon balm, eucalyptus, mint and others.

If you are suffering from a runny nose and nasal congestion, then to the saline solution for inhalation you can add sea buckthorn oil, Kalanchoe or aloe juice (if there is no allergy), tea tree oil, eucalyptus or geranium, propolis tincture, as well as such medications How , , , And .

Can have a similar effect to saline solution Rizosin , Aqua-Rinosol , , , as well as alkaline or still mineral water, such as Borjomi.

Inhalation with saline solution for children

Saline solution for inhalation for children can be used, since this product contains components that are safe for children - salt and water. However, do not forget about the prescribed dosages for children. In addition, it is important to understand that the effect of saline solution depends on the type of inhaler.

With steam inhalation, the drug can only affect the upper respiratory tract, but using a nebulizer can also treat lower parts of the respiratory system. It is better to ask your pediatrician about how to carry out the procedure and how many times a day you can do it, as well as how much saline solution to pour into the child’s inhaler.

After all, only a specialist can prescribe competent treatment depending on the type of disease. Inhalations with saline solution are not prohibited even for infants, but one must remember that the temperature of the solution for children under three years of age should not be more than 30 C, from three to four years - no more than 40 C, for a child aged four years and older - 52 S.

It is believed that saline solution for cough inhalation for children can be used up to twice a day when performing the procedure on a child under two years of age; up to three times a day if your child is between two and six years old and up to four times if your child is over six years old. Moreover, the duration of inhalation in the first two cases should not exceed a maximum of three minutes, and from the age of six, a child can breathe saline solution for up to ten minutes.

Inhalation with soda

Soda solution - This is another type of widely available and truly effective mixtures for inhalation. It is noteworthy that its use has a direct effect on the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. The steam warms and moisturizes the mucous membranes, and also kills harmful microbes that cause disease.

Soda diluted in water (sometimes sea or table salt is also added) will give a positive result if a person has wet or dry cough , bronchitis , runny nose, and laryngitis .

Baking soda has a mucolytic effect, which helps to liquefy secretions and remove them from the respiratory tract.

After just a few inhalations with soda, a person will notice a positive effect; it will actually become easier for him to breathe, because the medicinal solution improves bronchial patency and helps reduce the intensity of the cough.

Solution for inhalation with Ambrobene is considered one of the most effective remedies, which has a minimum of contraindications and a maximum beneficial properties. This affordable mucolytic agent can be used either alone or in combination with other medications, for example, saline solution .

Ambobene will be an indispensable tool for tonsillitis , bronchitis , as well as with strong runny nose or cough at cold . Included in the drug ambroxol hydrochloride helps remove mucus from the respiratory tract, thus relieving cough. This drug is recommended for inhalation, since this is the method of its use that reduces the risk side effects.

The drug bypasses the digestive system and is immediately “transported” to the bronchi using an inhaler. Medicinal effect from Ambrobene will be noticeable after just one procedure. The attending physician will help you choose the correct dosage of the drug; without prior consultation with whom you should not inhale in order to avoid side effects such as vomiting, excessive salivation, an allergic reaction in the form of a rash and difficulty breathing, and nausea.

In addition, Ambrobene has the following contraindications:

• components included in the medicine;

Which inhaler is better?

We talked about what to do inhalations with and discussed the most popular solutions for the procedure. Now let's talk about what inhalers are and how to choose the most suitable device for inhalation. And also: how to make an inhaler at home if you don’t have a special device at hand.

Inhaler is a specialized device that is designed to introduce drugs into the human body using a procedure such as inhalation. The following types of devices are distinguished:

• a steam inhaler is a device for performing steam inhalations, in which the therapeutic effect is achieved by evaporating the drug and inhaling it with steam;
• a compressor inhaler is a device equipped with a compressor that forms an aerosol cloud from a medicinal solution;
• an ultrasonic inhaler or nebulizer is a device that can also spray a medicinal solution for inhalation in the form of an aerosol, but not due to the built-in compressor, but using a special ultrasonic emitter;
• a saline inhaler is a device that, when exposed to it, delivers particles of a saline solution based on sea salt into the lower and upper respiratory tract of a person;
• A mesh inhaler is an electronic mesh device that forms an aerosol cloud of a medical product by passing it through a vibrating membrane.

Steam inhalers

These are the simplest and most widespread devices for inhalation. It is noteworthy that this particular type of device can be easily replaced at home with a container of hot water and obtain a similar therapeutic effect.

What is also important is that steam models are much cheaper than other types of inhalers, and they are also easy to use. As they say, even a child can handle them.

It is also important to emphasize that for inhalation using a steam inhaler, you do not need to buy special medications at the pharmacy, as, for example, for a nebulizer. For the procedure, you can use various decoctions and infusions from medicinal herbs, of course, if you are not allergic to them.

One more important advantage This variety can be considered to be that during steam inhalation the nasal sinuses are warmed up. However, this device has a number of disadvantages, for example, a steam inhaler is not always suitable for children.

Parents often ask the question of whether it is possible to give inhalations to children with fever. So, elevated body temperature is a contraindication to the use of a steam inhaler; you should also not use the device if you have vascular diseases.

Another important negative point can be considered the impossibility of using many specialized medicinal solutions during steam inhalation, without which it is impossible to do in the treatment of a number of serious diseases of the body’s respiratory system. The operating principle of a steam inhaler is very simple.

As we said above, it can be replaced using a container of hot water, into which a medicinal solution is added and the steam is inhaled, covering the head with a towel. So, the solution for inhalation is poured into the main compartment of the steam inhaler. The mixture is heated to a certain temperature, evaporates, the steam rises through the tube and the person inhales it through the mouth.

The simplest models of inhaler do not require regulation of the temperature of the solution, which excludes the possibility of their use for treating children younger age. However, in more advanced models, you can select the heating temperature of the mixture for inhalation, and such steam cough inhalers for children are acceptable for use.

Reviews of people who have already tried certain models of the device will help answer the question of which inhaler is better. Perhaps the most popular is the Romashka steam inhaler, which is produced by the Berdsk Electromechanical Plant (RF). We think that this device is familiar to many from early childhood.

Currently, you can purchase a steam inhaler Romashka-3. This device, already in its third generation, has become an indispensable assistant for many, and not only in the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The steam inhaler is also suitable for use in home cosmetology.

In accordance with the instructions for use, this steam device can be used:

• for the treatment of colds by inhalation using decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs;
• for improving the skin of the face and neck;
• for aromatherapy;
• to humidify indoor air.

The following inhalation solutions are suitable for the steam inhaler:

• saline (a mixture of table or sea salt and water);
• soda (a mixture of soda and water, you can add salt);
• saline;
• decoctions of medicinal herbs based on pharmaceutical preparations of calendula, chamomile, sage, licorice, plantain and others;
• essential oils.

It is important to emphasize that it is advisable to inquire from a pediatrician about which children's inhaler is best. Not all types of steam inhalers are suitable for children. As we mentioned above, for each age it is worth selecting the appropriate type of inhalation (steam, wet, thermal-moist) and, accordingly, a device for this procedure.

Let's talk about how much the inhaler costs. The price will depend on the manufacturer, as well as on the functionality of the device. For example, a steam inhaler WN-18 “Miracle Steam” from B. Well (Great Britain) will cost an average of 3,000 rubles, and the domestic “Romashka” is half that price.

Inhalation with a nebulizer

Nebulizer is a specialized device for inhalation, based on the use of a dispersed ultra-small spray of highly active medicinal substances, which enter the patient’s respiratory tract through a mouthpiece (breathing tube) or mask. This type of inhaler is considered more progressive and effective.

It's all about the principle of operation of the device. Since the device forms an aerosol cloud of medicine for inhalation with a nebulizer, its vapors penetrate into all parts of the respiratory system, which makes it possible to treat a wide range of diseases using the procedure. In addition, medications for the nebulizer are quickly absorbed and hit the target, i.e. into the upper or lower respiratory tract, without “getting lost” along the way in the nasal cavity.

Which nebulizer is better?

Before answering the question, it is worth understanding what types of devices there are, as well as what their strengths and weaknesses are. So, the following types of nebulizers are distinguished:

• Convection devices are the most common type of device, during the operation of which an aerosol cloud is continuously formed. Medicines enter the human body when inhaled, and when exhaled, the aerosol enters the human body. external environment. As a result, about 70% of the generated drug vapors are lost.
• Venturi nebulizers are devices that are activated by inhalation, i.e. The aerosol is constantly being formed, just as with a convection nebulizer, but it is released only when a person inhales. The main advantage of this type can be considered a reduction in the loss of vapors of the medicinal solution for inhalation inhaled by the patient, which helps to increase the effectiveness of therapy using a neulizer and reduce the operating time of the device.
• Nebulizers synchronized with breathing are dosimetric devices that form an aerosol cloud only during inhalation, which makes it possible to significantly save the medicinal solution for inhalation.
• Jet or compressor devices are devices that convert liquid medications into a fine cloud of aerosols using oxygen or air. Such devices consist of a compressor, which acts as a generator of an aerosol cloud and a sprayer. The compressor type of inhalers differs from other devices not only in technical characteristics (the presence of a compressor that produces an aerosol cloud from a medicinal solution for inhalation), but also in the features of application. Many people wonder what medications can be used with a compressor inhaler. After all, for a steam device, in principle, no specialized medical means for inhalation are provided. In the case of a compressor apparatus, everything is much simpler. There are simply no restrictions for this versatile inhaler. This means that, using it for inhalation, you can safely use it like traditional herbal teas , saline or soda solution , and medicines that have mucolytic , bronchodilators , antitussives , anti-inflammatory And antiseptic properties. It is important to emphasize that in the case of correctly selected medications, it is compressor inhalers that bronchial asthma , at tracheitis , at tuberculosis , at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (hereinafter) and for many other diseases of the respiratory tract can provide a stable and rapid therapeutic effect. This type of inhaler is safe for children of any age. True, not all compressor inhalers are suitable for the use of oil-based drugs and essential oils. It's all about design feature devices. However, there are universal devices that are “not afraid” of medicines of any composition.
• Ultrasonic nebulizers are devices that use ultrasound, namely the energy of high-frequency vibrations of piezocrystals, to convert an inhalation mixture into vapor. In comparison with a compressor device, an ultrasonic device benefits from silent operation, portability, as well as the constancy and uniformity of aerosol cloud particles. However, these models have a number of significant drawbacks. For example, during operation of an ultrasonic nebulizer, the chemical structure of the drug used for inhalation may be destroyed due to an increase in temperature. As a result, therapy with such a modified medical product may be ineffective. It is also important to note that not all nebulizer solutions are suitable for use in an ultrasound device, for example, viscous oil medications or suspensions.

So, it is advisable to draw a conclusion about which nebulizer is better and based on the reviews of people who have tried it on themselves different kinds devices, and taking into account the above information about technical specifications, as well as about the main disadvantages and advantages of the devices.

You need to think about which compression, ultrasonic or conventional convection nebulizer is better, and also choose such a device for home use, taking into account its average price and manufacturer. How much does a nebulizer cost?

The price of the device depends on its type, as well as the country of manufacture. On average, a nebulizer with a standard set of functions will cost 2500-3000 rubles; there are also more budget models for 1500-2000 rubles, produced by less well-known companies. The cost of specialized or children's models in the form of animals, for example, can start from 3500-4000 rubles.

Inhalation solutions for nebulizer

Before using any device, including nebulizer , you should carefully read the instructions for its use. To carry out inhalation correctly, you need to not only know how to use the device, but also what medications can be poured into the nebulizer in order to obtain the expected therapeutic effect.

Let's talk in more detail about which medications are suitable for use as solutions for inhalers and nebulizers for coughs and other respiratory tract diseases. Let's answer the question about how to breathe with a runny nose through a nebulizer.

Medicines for inhalation for cough and runny nose

As we have repeatedly repeated above, inhalations for rhinitis effectively help both relieve the unpleasant symptoms of the disease and cure the very cause of the disease. Experts believe that using an inhaler with special solutions for a runny nose solves several important problems.

The device moisturizes the mucous membranes of the nose, makes the secretion less abundant and viscous, which helps remove it from the body, eliminates itching in the nasal passages, reduces swelling and softens crusts, which often interfere with small children's ability to sleep and eat peacefully.

There are enough recipes for nebulizer inhalation for a runny nose, for which both medications and traditional medicine are used.

Perhaps the most common recipe for a runny nose for children and adults is inhalation with mineral water, saline solution, with salt or soda.

Mineral water or saline solution is the same weak alkaline or saline solution (sodium chloride), but only already prepared in the right proportion, suitable for inhalation.

A soda solution, to which sea salt is often added, also works great for a runny nose. They can be used to rinse the sinuses or be used through a nebulizer. It is worth noting that in modern pharmacies there is a ready-made solution for inhalation of sodium bicarbonate or “Soda-buffer”, the dosage of soda in which is adjusted to the milligram.

However, this solution must also be diluted with saline, otherwise the medicine cannot be used in a nebulizer. To enhance the therapeutic effect, medicinal herbs (chamomile, sage, eucalyptus leaves, plantain, bay leaf, mint, St. John's wort) and essential oils are added to the soda solution. Inhalations with chamomile or eucalyptus oil help not only with a runny nose, but also with other respiratory diseases.

For a runny nose, you can use immunostimulating drugs containing. For example, it is well suited for inhalation with a nebulizer. Antibacterial and antiseptic drugs ( Fluimucil , , , , ) will be effective when runny nose and at sinusitis .

You can also use the following in a nebulizer: anti-inflammatory drugs How or Malavit. As indicated in the instructions for use of Rotokan and Malavit, the composition of the medicines includes mainly herbal components, for example, calendula extract, chamomile, yarrow, Siberian cedar resin, oak bark and others.

Therefore, these drugs can only be used if a person does not have allergies. In addition, when runny nose Inhalations with propolis (tincture) and eucalyptus (extract), which also have anti-inflammatory properties, will effectively help.

Some hormonal medications, e.g. , or Cromhexal , it is also permissible to use it in a nebulizer when rhinitis .

We talked about what inhalations to do when you have a runny nose, now we’ll figure out how to breathe through a nebulizer when you have a runny nose. dry cough , at sore throat or when bronchitis . Let's start with the fact that when rhinitis, cough or sore throat weakly alkaline and saline solutions are effective, which are easy to prepare and accessible to most.

In order to prepare such a mixture for inhalation, you need to have water (preferably distilled), sea or table salt or baking soda on hand. Ready-made analogues of the above-described products can be considered saline solution or mineral water. For inhalation, you can use ready-made breast mixtures sold in pharmacies.

However, you need to be extremely careful with them, as with other herbal medicines. You should not resort to infusions or decoctions of medicinal herbs if a person has allergies. With a strong suffocating cough, inhalations with Lazolvan , the dosage of which will be helped by your attending physician, for dry cough - Beroduali , , , which relate to drugs that dilate the bronchi.

If the cough is dry and barking, then inhalation in a nebulizer with , , , , as well as with . Propolis and calendula effectively stop the inflammatory process that accompanies a dry cough. For a wet cough, use a nebulizer, , , Furacilin .

In addition, inhalations with, as well as with slightly alkaline and saline solutions will be effective.

Research shows that for this ailment it is better to resort to the help of nebulizers and specialized medicinal solutions for them. So, what medications should you choose for inhalation for laryngitis:

• sputum thinners - saline solution, soda, saline or slightly alkaline solution (mineral water);
• antiseptics - , , Miramistin;
• anti-inflammatory – Tonsilgon , Chlorophyllipt , .

In some cases, when laryngitis therapy using drugs containing hormones or adrenaline is justified. Inhalations with Hydrocortisone , Pulmicort , , Prednisolone or adrenergic agents such as Epinephrine will help in alleviating the patient’s condition, but they can only be carried out with the permission of the doctor.

With this disease in children Berodual Prescribed by many pediatricians. What is noteworthy is that the instructions for this drug do not say that it is effective for laryngitis . The drug is used for asthma , COPD , emphysema or when bronchitis .

Therefore, prescribing this drug to a child, given that it can only be used in a hospital setting, is doubtful. Laryngospasms still different from bronchospasms , for which it is effective Berodual , so when laryngitis use drugs that contain , euphilin , sodium bicarbonate or .

Inhalation at laryngitis should be done an hour or two after eating. For half an hour after the procedure, it is better to refrain from talking, and you should not smoke, drink or eat. At laryngitis During inhalation, you should inhale through your mouth and exhale, on the contrary, through your nose.

If several medications are prescribed, they should be used in the following sequence:

• first - bronchodilators ;
• after 15 minutes - expectorants ;
• in custody - anti-inflammatory or antiseptic drugs.

Inhalations for bronchitis

Depending on the type of disease, the doctor prescribes certain medications. Inhalations for bronchitis at home can be done only after consultation with a specialist.

The following medications are usually prescribed for the procedure:

• Miramistin , Dioxidine And Chlorhexidine – A antiseptic agents designed to combat the viral nature of the disease;
• Ambroxol , Lazolvan, Ambrobene – mucolytics, which help remove and thin sputum;
• Derinat - immunomodulator;
• , extracts of tea tree, fir, sage, calendula, eucalyptus oil - natural anti-inflammatory agents;
• Tobramycin , Gentamicin , , ACC – antibiotics that kill harmful bacteria;
• Ventolin , Berotek or Berodual – bronchodilators, drugs that dilate the bronchi;
• Xylometazoline , Naphthyzin , Oxymetazoline (nasal drops) – vasoconstrictors are used for pronounced swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract;
• hormonal agents.

Effective medicines for inhalation for bronchitis In children, only a pediatrician can prescribe it. However, we cannot ignore such safe methods of treating bronchitis at home as inhalation with saline, saline, soda and weakly alkaline solutions.

Procedures with the above mentioned remedies will help moisturize the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which will reduce pain. In addition, they effectively liquefy and remove mucus.

Inhalations for pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is a disease that affects the lymphoid tissue and mucous membranes of the pharynx. The cause of the disease can be either inhalation of polluted or too cold air, or the pathogenic effect of harmful microorganisms on the body. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, the doctor selects drugs for treatment pharyngitis .

Antibiotics for pharyngitis in adults or children, it is prescribed if the development of the disease is provoked by bacteria of staphylococcus, streptococcus or pneumococcus. Antiviral drugs and immunomodulatory agents are effective if pharyngitis occurs against the background flu or other types ARVI .

To treat the disease, not only medication is used. At pharyngitis Rinsing and inhalation are effective. Can be used at home simple devices for steam inhalation (containers with inhalation solution and hot water) or specialized devices.

Solutions for inhalation for pharyngitis:

• soda or saline solution;
• saline;
• infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, St. John's wort, chamomile);
• essential oils and extracts (sage, oak bark, eucalyptus, pine, mint, juniper);
• herbal preparations (, Malavit , Tonsilgon );
• antiseptic drugs ( Fluimucil , Miramistin , Dioxidine ).

18.03.2016

Inhalation with a nebulizer for a runny nose is one of the most effective means of therapy. This treatment for children with dry cough will be one of the simplest and most reliable methods. How to properly prepare soda and other solutions for inhalers? So, what recipes can children use, and how to make them?

Advantages of a nebulizer

Solutions for nebulizer inhalers have advantages compared to other types of inhalation therapy:

• Inhalations with a nebulizer for a runny nose are suitable for any age, since the patient is not required to adjust his own airways to the operation of the device and simultaneously perform any actions, for example, holding the inhaler or pressing the canister. This is especially important for young children;
• The absence of the need to take a strong breath makes it possible to use this treatment for bronchitis and asthma, as well as for elderly patients;
• Treatment through an inhaler makes it possible to use medications in effective doses without side effects;
• This treatment provides effective results without side effects. Therefore, it is especially recommended for children with dry cough;
• Inhalation with a nebulizer for bronchitis provides a fast and continuous supply of medication using a compressor;
• This method is especially indicated for children, since the solution is extremely safe, unlike other similar products. It can be used if there is sinusitis, fever, dry cough and other manifestations of a cold;
• This treatment allows you to quickly get rid of bronchopulmonary diseases in adults and children.

What diseases can be treated with a nebulizer?

The solution in the inhaler begins to act in two minutes, which makes it possible to use nebulizers primarily for respiratory diseases that require urgent intervention. Using the product correctly can quickly eliminate symptoms in children and adults with diseases such as allergies and asthma.

The product can also be used in children with chronic inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract, which include chronic bronchitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic broncho-obstructive pulmonary disease and others.

But even this area of ​​its use is unlimited. The product is effective for acute respiratory diseases, if there is sinusitis, fever, dry cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis, damage to the immune system. Inhalers can be used by people in professions such as chemists, miners, teachers, and singers.

When you need a nebulizer at home:

• in a family with many children susceptible to frequent colds, bronchitis, complex treatment with a dry cough, fever, if there is sinusitis, in the treatment of stenosis;
• in a family where there are patients with chronic or often recurrent bronchopulmonary diseases (cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma).

What medications can be used in a nebulizer?

For therapy with this drug, there are special solutions of drugs that can be purchased in plastic containers (nebulas) or vials. The solution together with the solvent can have a volume of 2-5 ml. The dosage of the drug is calculated based on the patient’s age.

In order to properly make the solution, 2 ml of saline solution is poured into the nebulizer, after which a few drops of medicine are added. Do not use distilled water as a solvent, as it can cause bronchospasm. This may cause difficulty breathing and coughing. If you don’t know how to store the purchased product, then the correct way to do it is in the refrigerator, closed.

Once the solution has been opened, it should be used within two weeks. It is advisable to write the start date of use on the bottle. Before use by children, the solution must be warmed to room temperature.

What can be used for nebulizer therapy

For dry cough, fever, and sinusitis, children can use the following recipes:

• Mucolytics and mucoregulators (drugs that can be used to thin sputum and improve expectoration): Ambrohexal, Lazolvan, Ambrobene, Fluimucil;
• Bronchodilators (drugs that can dilate the bronchi): Berodual, Ventolin, Berotek, Salamol;
• Glucocorticoids (hormonal drugs that have multilateral actions, primarily they can be used for inflammation and swelling): Pulmicort (suspension for nebulizers);
• Cromones (antiallergic drugs that can be used to stabilize mast cell membranes): Cromohexal Nebula;
• antibiotics: Fluimucil antibiotic;
• Saline and alkaline solutions: 0.9% saline solution, Borjomi mineral water.

Treatment of children should be carried out only after consultation with a doctor; doing it yourself is prohibited.

Any solutions containing oils, solutions and suspensions containing suspended particles, including infusions and decoctions of herbs, as well as solutions of diphenhydramine, platiphylline, papaverine, aminophylline, and similar products.

Side effects

Various recipes can cause side effects in children; they can occur when breathing deeply. In children, hyperventilation may occur, which manifests itself in coughing, nausea and dizziness. In this case, you need to stop inhalation, breathe through your nose, and after a while the symptoms will go away on their own. After the symptoms disappear, treatment for cough, fever and if there is sinusitis can be continued.

During inhalation, as a reaction to the administration of the sprayed solution, children may experience coughing. In this case, it is recommended to continue inhalation after a few minutes.

Inhalation techniques using a nebulizer

• Before working with the inhaler, you should wash your hands thoroughly with soap, as pathogenic microbes may remain on the skin;
• Assemble all elements of the nebulizer according to the instructions;
• Next, what you need to do is pour the required amount of medicine into the nebulizer cup, preheating it to room temperature;
• Close the nebulizer and attach the nasal cannula, mouthpiece or face mask;
• Use a hose to connect the compressor and nebulizer;
• Turn on the compressor and inhale for 7-10 minutes or until the solution is completely consumed;
• Turn off the compressor, disconnect the nebulizer and disassemble it;
• We wash all parts of the nebulizer with hot water or a 15% solution of baking soda. Do not use brushes or brushes;
• Remember to sterilize it, no matter what recipes you use. It should be done at least once a week;
• A well-cleaned and dried nebulizer should be stored in a clean towel or napkin.

Rules for inhalation

If children have sinusitis, as well as fever and cough, it is necessary to follow certain rules for working with a nebulizer. Regardless of which recipes you decide to use, you need:

• Do inhalations no earlier than 1.5 hours after physical activity or eating;
• Smoking is prohibited during the course of treatment. In exceptional cases, before and after inhalation it is recommended to quit smoking for an hour;
• Inhalation should be done in a calm state, without being distracted by talking or reading;
• Clothing should not make breathing difficult or constrict the neck;
• For diseases of the nasal tract, children are advised to inhale and exhale through the nose, do everything calmly, without tension;
• When coughing, diseases of the lungs, bronchi and larynx, children should inhale the aerosol through the mouth, breathing evenly and deeply. After taking a deep breath through your mouth, it is recommended to hold your breath for two seconds, then exhale completely through your nose. In this case, the aerosol from the oral cavity will fall further into the larynx, pharynx and deeper parts of the respiratory tract;
• Often, deep breathing can lead to dizziness, so it is recommended to periodically interrupt inhalation for a short time, especially if it is done to children;
• Even if you cough, do not take expectorants before the procedure; do not rinse your mouth with boric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium permanganate;
• After any inhalation, especially with the use of hormonal drugs, you should rinse your mouth with boiled water at room temperature (small children can be given food and drink), when using a mask, rinse your face and eyes with water;
• If there is sinusitis or fever, the duration of inhalation should not be more than 7-10 minutes. The course of treatment with aerosol inhalations ranges from 6 to 15 procedures.

Types of nebulizers

To treat sinusitis and elevated temperatures in children today, three main types of inhalers are used: compressor, ultrasonic and steam.

The action of steam inhalers is based on the effect of evaporation of the medicinal substance when treating children. It is clear that only volatile solutions (essential oils) can be used in them. The biggest disadvantage of steam inhalers lies in the low concentration of the inhaled substance, less than the threshold for therapeutic effects, and the inability to accurately dose the drug at home.

Ultrasonic nebulizers are capable of atomizing a solution using high-frequency (ultrasonic) vibrations of the membrane. They are small in size, do not create noise, and do not require replacement of nebulization chambers. The percentage of aerosol that ends up on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is more than 90%, and the average size aerosol particles are 4-5 microns. Due to this, the required drug in the form of an aerosol in high concentration enters the small bronchi and bronchioles.

The choice of ultrasonic nebulizers becomes more preferable when it is necessary to influence the small bronchi, and the medicine is in the form of a saline solution. At the same time, many drugs, such as antibiotics, hormonal drugs, mucolytics (thinning sputum), can be destroyed under the influence of ultrasound. These drugs are not recommended for use in ultrasonic nebulizers to treat sinusitis and other diseases.

Compressor nebulizers create an aerosol cloud by forcing a powerful air stream forced by a compressor through a narrow opening in a chamber containing a treatment solution. The principle of using compressed air in such devices is the “gold standard” of inhalation therapy. Its main advantage is its versatility and low price; they are more accessible and can spray almost any solution intended for inhalation.

Compressor nebulizers can have several types of chambers:

• air-activated chambers with valve flow interrupter;
• air activated chambers;
• convection chambers with constant aerosol output.

When inhaling drugs through a nebulizer, a number of features should be taken into account:

• The ideal filling volume of the nebulizer chamber is at least 5 ml;
• To reduce the loss of the drug at the end of inhalation, you can add 1 ml of saline solution to the chamber, then shake the nebulizer chamber and continue inhalation;
• When using cheap and accessible medications, all types of nebulizers can be used. However, when using more expensive drugs, the maximum effectiveness of inhalation therapy can be ensured by nebulizers that are activated by the patient's inhalation and have valve flow interrupters during the exhalation phase. Such devices are especially effective in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases.

Nebulizers are extremely effective if your child has sinusitis or a fever. They allow you to quickly deal with the problem at home. It is recommended to consult your doctor before using the nebulizer.

Nebulizer therapy is a special type of inhalation treatment that is used for respiratory diseases. Diseases for which a nebulizer can be used: asthma, bronchitis, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, sinusitis, laryngitis, pneumonia.

The goal of therapy is to provide the following pharmacological effects:

• Reducing edema and bronchospasm;
• Elimination of the inflammatory process;
• Improving microcirculation;
• Sanitation of the respiratory tract;
• Providing a protective effect.

Inhalations are allowed no earlier than 1.5–2 hours after eating. Before the procedure, it is not recommended to take expectorants or gargle with antiseptics. Smoking is prohibited before and after the procedure.

General recommendations for the preparation and use of solutions for inhalation

• A physiological solution of 0.9% sodium chloride is used as a basis for preparing inhalation. Boiled, tap, distilled water, as well as hyper- and hypotonic solutions cannot be used as a base.
• A syringe or pipette can be used to fill the nebulizer with solution.
• The container for the solution must first be disinfected by boiling.
• The recommended volume of liquid in the nebulizer is 2–4 ml.
• The prepared solution for inhalation can be stored for no more than a day, unless otherwise provided by the manufacturer’s recommendations, which are indicated in the instructions for the drug.
• The solution can be heated in a water bath immediately before the inhalation procedure. Recommended temperature: no higher than 20°C.

Bronchial asthma

Magnesium sulfate– used to relieve bronchospasm, promotes dilation of the bronchi. For preparation you will need 1 ml of 25% magnesium sulfate and 2 ml of saline solution. Can be used in both compressor and ultrasonic nebulizers.

Important: only saline solution should be used as a solvent. When using hypotonic solutions in the treatment of bronchial asthma, there is a risk of developing bronchospasm.

Productive "wet" cough, COPD

Ambroxol solution for inhalation 7.5 mg/ml. To prepare the drug, it must be mixed with saline solution, ratio 1:1. The duration of therapy and dosage are determined individually. As a rule, adults and children over six years of age are prescribed 2–3 ml of solution, up to 2 inhalations per day. For patients under six years of age: 2 ml of solution, up to 2 inhalations per day.

Acetylcysteine 10% amp. 300 mg/3 ml – used to reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations, helps to provide an expectorant effect. The dosage, frequency of use and course of treatment are determined by the doctor depending on the course of the disease. As a rule, 300 mg is prescribed several times a day. Duration of use: up to 10 days, if necessary, the course can be extended. The dosage for adults and children is identical.

Mukaltin– phytomedicine in tablet form. To prepare the solution, 1 tablet must be dissolved in 80 ml of saline solution. The drug must be completely dissolved, without the formation of sediment. Use 3 ml of solution three times a day.

Usage mineral water(Borjomi), as well as saline solution, helps to moisturize the mucous membrane and accelerate the process of mucus removal. For one inhalation, 3–4 ml of water can be used; frequency of use: 3–4 times a day.

Dry cough

Lidocaine 2% amp. 2 ml – can be used for obsessive dry cough, as well as for the treatment of tracheitis and laryngitis. The drug is used for symptomatic treatment and helps to provide an anesthetic effect, reduce the sensitivity of cough receptors, and suppress the cough reflex.

In the event that complex treatment is prescribed using several groups of drugs at once, the following order must be observed:

• First of all, inhalation should be carried out using bronchodilators;
• After 15 minutes, expectorants can be used;
• After the sputum has cleared, anti-inflammatory and disinfectant medications can be used.

Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system

Dexamethasone– an anti-inflammatory drug, used when it is necessary to use hormonal drugs. The medicine is used 0.5 ml + 3 ml saline, up to 4 times a day. There is a second method of preparation: dissolve the ampoule with Dexamethasone in saline solution, ratio 1:6 (per 6 ml of saline solution 1 ml of medicine). The course of treatment should not exceed 1 week.

Rotokan– an anti-inflammatory drug based on extracts of chamomile, calendula, yarrow. Preparation of solution: the drug must be diluted in saline solution in a ratio of 1:40 (40 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug). The solution is used 3-4 ml 2-3 times a day.

Treatment of sinusitis, laryngitis, diseases of the respiratory system of bacterial origin

Isoniazid amp. 5 ml – an antibacterial drug that slows down the growth of mycobacteria. The method of preparation and frequency of use is indicated in the instructions. After inhalation of an antibacterial drug, you must thoroughly rinse your mouth with boiled water.

Dioxidine amp. 0.5% - an antiseptic drug used for inhalation up to 3 times a day. The method of preparing the solution is indicated in the instructions for the drug.

Chlorophyllipt in the form of an oil solution of 2% can be used if the causative agent of the disease is Staphylococcus aureus. Inhalations are carried out through the nose for 5–7 minutes up to 3 times a day. No more than 10 inhalations are allowed.

The use of oil preparations for chronic diseases of the ENT organs

Oils can be used in nebulizer therapy using a special attachment: nasal tubes (cannulas) in the treatment of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.

Can be used for inhalation vegetable oils, since they have the ability to be most completely broken down and absorbed in the lungs: sea buckthorn, eucalyptus, rosehip oil.

Oils contribute to the following pharmacological effects:

• Protect the mucous membrane from drying out, as well as from irritating chemical or physical effects;
• Softening effect;
• Analgesic effect;
• Anti-inflammatory effect;
• Antiseptic effect.

For inhalation, 1–2 ml of oil is used; duration of inhalation: 5–10 minutes; course of therapy: 5–10 procedures. The patient breathes in and out calmly through the nose, without tension.

The use of inhalations using oils in pediatrics is not advisable, since the child cannot always control his breathing and inhale only through his nose. When breathing through the mouth there is a risk of formation oil plug, which can trigger the development of pneumonia.

All described pharmaceutical products can be used only if there are objective indications and as prescribed by the attending physician. The dosage, frequency and duration of use of a particular drug must be discussed with your doctor.

Since ancient times, one of the most effective and safest ways to overcome seasonal colds and flu has been inhalation, which traditionally consisted of inhaling hot vapors of herbal decoctions.

Today, doctors all over the world highly appreciate the effect of nebulizer therapy - inhalation using special devices - inhalers or nebulizers, this is primarily due to the effectiveness and safety of this treatment method. The therapeutic effect in this procedure is achieved by transporting the drug in the form of an aerosol directly to the site of inflammation, bypassing gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys and other organs and systems.

Inhalation is used in the treatment of (ARVI), chronic, and other respiratory diseases.

Ukrainian pharmacies offer a fairly wide selection of inhalers. Operating principle such devices - converting the drug into an aerosol using a compressor or ultrasonic vibrations.

It should be noted that the possibility of reaching foci of inflammation, the depth of penetration of the drug into the upper or lower respiratory tract, directly depends on the size of the aerosol particles. A unique feature of some inhalers is that the device converts the aerosol into very small (up to 5 microns) particles. This allows the medicine to penetrate simultaneously into the upper and, importantly, reach the lower respiratory tract, bronchioles and alveoli in the concentration required for the therapeutic effect.

Inhalers, as a rule, are equipped with a built-in timer; if not, then on average, the duration of the inhalation procedure is 10 minutes. Some devices are equipped with an automatic shut-off mode, which makes the therapy session easier. Also, in some devices it is possible to regulate the speed of aerosol supply into the respiratory tract: for adults it is higher, for children it is lower.

Today in Ukraine there are not many medical institutions that are equipped with the new generation of nebulizers. Basically, devices made in the USSR are used, which have gone through more than one maintenance cycle. Now everyone can take care of their health using their personal nebulizer inhaler without leaving home or visiting a clinic, especially in cold weather, when the effect of inhalation is reduced.

What is the difference between a compressor and an ultrasonic nebulizer?

Compressor inhalers nebulizers

An electric compressor supplies a powerful air stream to the spray chamber, where upon contact with the medicine, a polydisperse aerosol containing particles less than 5 microns is formed, which is optimal for the medicine to enter the lungs.

The positive properties of a compressor inhaler are its versatility in the use of medications. The disadvantage of such a device is the noise factor; a compressor nebulizer is considered noisier than ultrasonic devices.

Ultrasonic inhalers and nebulizers

An aerosol is formed by exposing the liquid to ultrasonic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric element. About 90% of aerosol particles are 2-3 microns in size, due to which they reach the small bronchi and bronchioles. Disadvantages: restrictions on the use of certain types of medications. Advantages: noiselessness.

What determines the level of drug penetration into the respiratory tract?

The depth to which aerosol particles penetrate the respiratory tract depends on the size of the aerosol particles. It has been established that particles of 5-10 microns in size are deposited in the oropharynx, larynx and trachea, 2-5 microns - in the lower respiratory tract (middle and small bronchi), 0.5-2 microns - in the alveoli, less than 0.5 microns are not retained in the lungs and are exhaled. All this information is taken into account when developing modern inhalers and creating drugs for inhalation treatment.

What are the benefits of inhalation therapy?

• Possibility of direct and rapid impact on the area of ​​inflammation
• The inhaled substance is practically not absorbed into the blood. No side effects on other organs
• High penetrating ability (up to the alveoli)
• Use of medications whose aerosol can only be obtained in this way (antibiotics, sputum thinners)
• Possibility of using inhalation therapy in patients of all ages, as well as during exacerbations

Medicines for use in inhalers and nebulizers

Natural and essential oils

Inhaling essential oils is an effective method of aromatherapy. You should use different oils with caution; the selection of oils should be individual. Before using essential oils, you should always consult your doctor. When using essential oils, their concentration should not exceed 5%.

Alkaline solutions

Sodium bicarbonate. A 2% solution is used to thin the mucus and create an alkaline environment at the site of inflammation. Ten-minute inhalation increases the efficiency of removing mucopurulent discharge from the nasal cavity by more than 2 times.

Saline solutions

Sodium chloride. The 0.9% solution does not irritate the mucous membranes; it is used to soften them, to cleanse and rinse the nasal cavity in case of contact with caustic substances. A 2% hypertonic solution helps cleanse the nasal cavity of mucopurulent contents.

Bronchodilators

Atrovent - has both a direct bronchodilator effect and a similar preventive effect, causes a decrease in the secretion of the bronchial glands and prevents the development of bronchospasm. In a solution for inhalation through a nebulizer, apply 1 ml 3 to 5 times a day for adults.

Salbutamol - relieves bronchospasm, reduces bronchial resistance and increases lung capacity

Berotec (fenoterol) - for inhalation through a nebulizer, used in the form of a 0.1% solution of 2 ml 3-4 times a day in order to obtain a rapid bronchodilator effect.

Berodual is a fast-acting drug with a duration of action of up to 5-6 hours, which allows it to be used to relieve bronchospasm.

Mucolytics

Acetylcysteine ​​- used for inhalation through a nebulizer in the form of a 20% solution of 2-4 ml 3-4 times a day.

Mucomist - for inhalation, an ampoule solution is used, containing 0.2 g of the active substance in 1 ml.

Lazolvan - for inhalation therapy can be used for obstructive chronic bronchitis in the acute stage. That's why, inhalations for obstructive bronchitis can be treated with lazolvan.

Pulmicort - a suspension of 0.25 mg is used 2-3 times a day.

Antibiotics

Dioxidin is an antimicrobial drug that also acts on strains of bacteria resistant to various antibiotics, in the form of a 1% solution.

Furacilin (1:5000) affects gram-positive and gram-negative microbes; Inhalations are effective in acute phases of upper respiratory tract diseases. Inhalations are recommended 2 times a day in an amount of 2-5 ml.

Malavit is a powerful antiseptic and antibacterial agent with antiviral and antifungal, as well as analgesic properties.

Tubazid - used as a 6% solution, 21 ml twice a day.

Streptomycin - for inhalation therapy, use a freshly prepared solution of streptomycin in an isotonic sodium chloride solution at the rate of 0.2 - 0.25 g of streptomycin in 3-5 ml of sodium chloride solution daily.

What drugs are used for inhalation?

Currently, a number of drugs for nebulization are registered in Ukraine (the information below is for informational purposes only and is not a basis for recommendation to patients without a doctor’s prescription). Some of them are presented below.

Cough inhalations: mucolytics (sputum thinners)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Lazolvan, Beringenr, Ingelheim) amp. 2 ml (15 mg)

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Ambrobene, Ratiopharm) solution for ing. fl. 100 ml

Inhalations for the common cold: Antibacterial agents

Amikacin (Lorikacin, Exir Pharmaceutical Co) amp. 50/250mg/2 ml

Lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin, Pharmacia N.V. / S.A.) fl. 300 mg/ 2 ml

Inhalations for the treatment of throat and nose. Antiseptics

Dioxidin amp. 0.5% 10 ml

Furacillin fl. 200, 400 ml

Miramistin fl. 0.01% 200 ml

Humidifiers: rehydrators of the respiratory mucosa

Saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride solution) vial. 200, 400 ml

Mineral alkaline waters “Luzhanskaya”, “Polyana Kvasova”, “Borjomi”, etc.

Sodium bicarbonate (solution 0.5-2%) fl. 200, 400 ml

Inhalations with a nebulizer: preparation of solutions for a nebulizer

1. Drugs that dilate the bronchi (Bronchodilators)

Berodual, active ingredient: fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (solution for inhalation) – Prevention and treatment of suffocation in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases. The most effective of bronchodilators, has the lowest side effects.

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml (40 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children from 6 to 12 years old – 1 ml (20 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children under 6 years old – 0.5 ml (10 drops) of the drug per 1 inhalation, up to 3 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Berotek, active ingredient: fenoterol (0.1% solution for inhalation) –

To relieve an attack of bronchial asthma:

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops)

- Children 6–12 years old (body weight 22–36 kg) – 0.25-0.5 ml (0.25-0.5 mg – 5-10 drops), in severe cases – 1 ml (1 mg – 20 drops)

Prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

— Adults and children over 6 years old – 0.5 ml (0.5 mg – 10 drops) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

— Children under 6 years old (body weight less than 22 kg) – 0.25-1 ml (0.25-1 mg – 5-20 drops), up to 3 times a day

Salgim, Ventolin Nebula , active ingredient: salbutamol (0.1% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is significantly inferior to Berotek

— Adults and children – 2.5 ml (2.5 mg) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day with an interval between inhalations of at least 6 hours

Intended for use undiluted

Atrovent, active ingredient: ipratropium bromide (0.025% solution for inhalation) – Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is somewhat inferior to Berotek and salbutamol preparations, but the main advantage is the safety of use

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 mg (40 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

— Children 6–12 years old – 0.25 mg (20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day

- Children under 6 years old - 0.1–0.25 mg (8-20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3–4 times a day (under medical supervision).

2. Drugs that thin sputum (Mucolytics) and remove phlegm (Secretolytics, expectorants)

Fluimucil, ACC Inject , active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​(10% solution for injection) – Impairment of sputum discharge from the lower respiratory tract, facilitation of mucous secretion in the upper respiratory tract

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 3 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 6 to 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 6 years old – 1-2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 10 days

Acetylcysteine ​​preparations should not be used simultaneously with antibiotics, because they reduce the absorption of antibiotics. In cases where simultaneous administration of acetylcysteine ​​and an antibiotic is required, either another form of the drug is used: “Fluimucil-antibiotic”, or other mucolytic drugs compatible with antibiotics are used (for example, based on ambroxol). It should be noted that the use of acetylcysteine ​​preparations reduces the toxic effect of paracetamol on the liver.

Lazolvan, Abmbrobene, active ingredient: ambroxol (solution for inhalation and oral administration) – Acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract with the release of viscous sputum

— Adults and children over 6 years old – 2-3 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 6 years old – 2 ml of solution per 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

— Children under 2 years old – 1 ml of solution per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, the recommended dose of the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:1

Course of treatment – ​​no more than 5 days

Ambroxol-based drugs should not be used simultaneously with antitussive drugs (for example: codeine, libexin, falimint, broncholitin, pectusin, sinekod, etc.). The use of ambroxol preparations promotes good absorption of antibiotics.

Narzan, Borjomi (weakly alkaline mineral waters) – Moisturizing the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

— For 1 inhalation use 3-4 ml of mineral water, 2-4 times a day.

Before inhalation, mineral water should be left to degas.

Sinupret, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: gentian root, sorrel, primrose, elderberry, verbena) – Restores the protective properties and reduces swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in acute and chronic sinusitis. Promotes the outflow of exudate from the paranasal sinuses

— For adults and children over 16 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 2 to 6 years old – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

Gedelix, herbal medicine (drops based on ivy extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi with difficult to separate sputum, cough (including dry)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 10 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children under 10 years of age – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Cough syrup , herbal medicine (powder (for children and adults) for preparing a solution based on plant extracts: anise, licorice root, marshmallow root, thermopsis) – Respiratory tract diseases accompanied by cough, especially with difficult sputum discharge

To prepare an inhalation solution, the contents of 1 package should be dissolved in 15 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Mukaltin, herbal medicine (tablets based on marshmallow root extract) – Expectorant for diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs

To prepare an inhalation solution, dissolve 1 tablet in 80 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Pertusin, herbal medicine (solution based on plant extract: thyme, thyme) – Expectorant for tracheitis, bronchitis, whooping cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 12 years old – in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children under 12 years of age – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

3. Anti-inflammatory drugs

Rotokan, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of plant extracts: calendula, chamomile, yarrow) – Acute inflammatory diseases upper and middle respiratory tract

For 1 inhalation, use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Propolis, herbal medicine (tincture) – Inflammatory processes, pain and injuries of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:20 (1 ml of the drug per 20 ml of saline)

Contraindications – allergies to bee products

Eucalyptus, herbal medicine (alcohol tincture) – Inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting 10-15 drops of the drug in 200 ml of saline solution

For 1 inhalation use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3-4 times a day

Contraindications – bronchial asthma, bronchospasm (suffocation)

Malavit, dietary supplement (alcohol tincture based on minerals and plant extracts) – Acute inflammatory diseases and pain of the upper and middle respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:30 (1 ml of the drug per 30 ml of saline solution)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Tonsilgon N, homeopathic herbal medicine (drops based on plant extracts: marshmallow root, walnut leaves, horsetail, chamomile, yarrow, oak bark, dandelion) – Acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 7 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 1 to 7 years old – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

— For children under 1 year of age – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Calendula, herbal medicine (alcohol infusion of calendula extract) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:40 (1 ml of the drug per 40 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day

4. Anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs (Glucocorticosteroids) and antiallergic drugs (Antihistamines)

Pulmicort, active ingredient: budesonide (suspension for inhalation, available in “child” (0.25 mg/ml) and “adult” (0.5 mg/ml) dosages) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, chronic disease lungs) requiring treatment with hormonal drugs. Has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Adults/elderly and children over 12 years of age – 1 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

— Children from 6 months. and up to 12 years – 0.25 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

This drug is not used in ultrasonic nebulizers. If a single dose of the drug is less than 2 ml, then saline solution should be added to increase the volume of the inhaled solution to 2 ml. In other cases, the drug is inhaled in its pure form (without dilution in saline).

Daily dose of the drug:

0.25 mg/ml – 1 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.5 mg/ml – 2 ml 0.25 mg/ml

0.75 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.25 mg/ml

1 mg/ml – 4 ml of 0.25 ml/mg or 2 ml of 0.5 mg/ml

1.5 mg/ml – 3 ml 0.5 mg/ml

2 mg/ml – 4 ml 0.5 mg/ml

Dexamethasone, (0.4% solution for injection, 4 mg/ml) – Acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract requiring treatment with hormonal drugs

For 1 inhalation, use 0.5 ml (2 mg) of the drug, up to 4 times a day.

The course of treatment is no more than 7 days

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Cromohexal, active ingredient: cromoglycic acid (solution for inhalation, 20 mg / 2 ml) – Has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic effects.

For adults and children over 2 years of age, inhale the contents of 1 bottle (without dilution with saline) 4 times a day, if possible, at equal time intervals.

5. Antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs (Antibiotics and Antiseptics)

Fluimucil antibiotic, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​and thiamphenicol (powder for injection and inhalation complete with solvent) – The need for simultaneous administration of an antibiotic and a drug that dilutes and removes sputum and mucus from the lower and upper respiratory tract

To prepare the drug, add 5 ml of solvent (1 ampoule) to the bottle with the powder. The resulting preparation should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day, before use it should be warmed to room temperature.

— Adults and children over 12 years old – ½ bottle (250 mg) for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

— Children under 12 years old – ¼ bottle (125 mg) for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Furacilin, active ingredient: nitrofural (0.024% aqueous solution, 1:5000) – Has disinfectant properties. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, prevention of infection penetration into deeper parts of the bronchial tree

For inhalation, use a ready-made solution of furatsilin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline) 4 ml per 1 inhalation 2 times a day. This solution must be ordered from the production department of the pharmacy.

You can prepare the solution yourself by dissolving 1 tablet of furatsilin in 100 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment. Inhale 4 ml of the resulting solution 2 times a day.

Dioxidine, (0.5% or 1% solution for injection) – Has broad-spectrum disinfectant properties.

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:4 for a 1% drug or in a ratio of 1:2 for a 0.5% drug.

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

Chlorophyllipt , herbal medicine (1% alcohol infusion based on chlorophyll from eucalyptus leaves) – Staphylococcal respiratory tract infection

The solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:10 (1 ml of the drug per 10 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, use 3 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

The product stains very strongly and cannot be washed off!

Gentamicin, (4% gentamicin sulfate solution for injection, 40 mg/ml) – Respiratory tract infections

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 0.5 ml (20 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 12 years old – 0.25 ml (10 mg) of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline solution should be added to the recommended dose of the drug. You can also pre-dilute ampoules with the drug in saline solution:

For adults and children over 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children from 2 to 12 years old - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Miramistin, (0.01% solution) – Broad-spectrum antiseptic. Treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those accompanied by purulent discharge

For inhalation, adults and children over 12 years of age use a ready-made 0.01% solution of Miramistin (in its pure form, without dilution in saline), 4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

For children under 12 years of age, to prepare an inhalation solution, the drug should be diluted with saline solution in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhaled 3-4 ml per 1 inhalation 3 times a day.

Dekasan for inhalation

Dekasan- active against most gram-negative, gram-positive microorganisms - the causative agent of diphtheria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci, staphylococci.

Children over 12 years old and adults,for inhalation with a nebulizer,Decasan can not be diluted with saline, and use a solution of 0.2 mg/ml, 5-10ml per inhalation 1-2 times a day.

For inhalation, dekasan is used in diluted form for children. For children under 12 years of age, Dekasan is diluted with saline solution in a 1:1 ratio. For one inhalation you need to buy Dekasan 0.2 mg/ml. and with each inhalation mix 2 ml of decasan and 2 ml. saline solution. Inhalations are carried out 1-2 times a day.

6. Immunomodulators

Interferon, (powder for preparing nasal drops) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, as well as other acute respiratory viral infections.

To prepare the drug, open the ampoule with the powder, pour boiled or distilled water at room temperature into it to the 2 ml mark, and shake gently.

For 1 inhalation, use 2 ml of the resulting solution, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 1 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Derinat, active ingredient: sodium disoribonucleate (0.25% solution for external use) – Prevention and treatment of influenza, ARVI and other viral infections of the upper respiratory tract and their complications

For 1 inhalation, use 2 ml of the drug, 2 times a day.

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

7. Vasoconstrictor (decongestant) drugs

Adrenalin(Epinephrine), active ingredient: epinephrine (0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride for external use or injection) – Bronchospasm (attack of suffocation), allergic laryngeal edema, laryngeal edema with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

— Adults and children over 2 years old – 0.5 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

— Children under 2 years old – 0.25 ml of the drug once, repeat the procedure if necessary

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also pre-dilute the drug in saline:

For adults and children over 2 years old - in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

For children under 2 years of age - in a ratio of 1:12 (12 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution per 1 inhalation.

Use with caution, increases heart rate! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Naphthyzin, active ingredient: naphazoline (nasal drops, 0.05% and 0.1% solution) – Allergic stenosis (swelling) of the larynx, stenosis (swelling) of the larynx with laryngitis, laryngotracheitis and croup

To prepare an inhalation solution, the 0.05% drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:5 (for 1 ml of the drug, 5 ml of saline) or the 0.1% drug should be diluted in a ratio of 1:10 (for 1 ml of the drug, 10 ml saline solution).

To relieve swelling, inhale 3 ml of the resulting solution once, and repeat the procedure if necessary.

8. Antitussives

Lidocaine, (2% solution of lidocaine hydrochloride) – Obsessive dry cough. Local anesthetic effect

— Adults and children over 12 years old – 2 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

— Children from 2 to 12 years old – 1 ml of the drug per 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 2 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug.

Use with caution, there are very serious contraindications! Do not use without consulting a doctor!

Tussamag, herbal medicine (drops based on thyme extract) – Diseases of the upper respiratory tract accompanied by a non-productive cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline solution:

— For adults and children over 17 years old - in a ratio of 1:1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline solution)

— For children from 6 to 16 years old – in a ratio of 1:2 (2 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

— For children from 1 to 5 years old – in a ratio of 1:3 (3 ml of saline solution per 1 ml of drug)

For 1 inhalation, use 3-4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day.

Rules for inhalation

1. Inhalations should be taken no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after meals, and you should not be distracted by conversation. After inhalation, it is not recommended to talk, eat, or go outside for 1 hour (in cool weather).

2. For diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx), inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose using a mask. Breathe calmly, without tension.

3. For diseases of the middle respiratory tract (throat, larynx), inhalation and exhalation should be done through the mouth using a mask. You should breathe calmly as usual

4. For diseases of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth using a mouthpiece. Breathe deeply and evenly.

5. Most solutions for inhalation are prepared using saline 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) as a solvent and humectant. The original drug is diluted with saline in certain proportions.

6. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. Be sure to warm to room temperature before use.

7. When prescribing several drugs simultaneously, the order should be observed. A bronchodilator is inhaled first, after 15-20 minutes a sputum thinner and remover is inhaled, then, after the sputum is discharged, an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug is inhaled.

8. The course of treatment depends on the complexity of the disease and the drug used (from 5 to 10 days)

9. Although nebulizer therapy does not apply to thermal physiotherapeutic procedures, it is nevertheless not recommended to perform inhalations at elevated body temperatures

10. It is prohibited to use oil preparations in nebulizers. Various oils are used to treat diseases only of the upper respiratory tract, for which exposure to coarse particles is sufficient, therefore steam inhalers are used for inhalation of oils. The nebulizer produces fine particles. When using oil solutions, fine particles of oil enter the lungs, and this significantly increases the risk of developing so-called oil pneumonia. Also, the use of essential oils in nebulizers increases the risk of allergies due to high concentration active substances in the lungs.

11. Most nebulizers do not allow the use of self-prepared decoctions and infusions of herbs, since they have a suspension that is much larger than aerosol particles and the nebulizer cannot miss them, which in turn can lead to damage to the device. For the same reason, suspensions and syrups are not used in nebulizers (with the exception of special suspensions for inhalation). Although there are nebulizers that can work with herbal decoctions.

12. Medicines such as Eufillin, Papaverine, Diphenhydramine and the like cannot be used in nebulizers, since they do not have “points of application” on the mucous membrane.

Disinfection of the nebulizer chamber and masks.

1. Lisetol AF (Schalke and Mayer, Germany) 4% - 30 min

2. Septodor Forte (Dorvet LTD, Israel) 0.4% - 10 min