What mushrooms grow in swamps. Swamp butterfly - Suillus flavidus
Swamp wave also called flaccid lacticaria or faded lacticaria. You can find it from the second ten days of August to the last ten days of September in deciduous and mixed forests where there is birch or pine. It prefers to settle in damp places, near swamps, on mossy litter, usually in groups.
The cap, with a diameter of 3 to 7 cm, is first convex in shape with a curved edge, then spread out with a thin, even edge, and later slightly depressed with a wavy-curved edge. The surface is smooth, sticky or wet. The color of the cap can vary from lilac-gray to brownish-purple or pale gray-brown with barely noticeable darker narrow zones. In the middle of the cap the color is darker, at the edges it can fade to pale brownish (almost white).
The plates are frequent, narrow, whitish, slightly descending onto the stalk, cream-colored, turning gray when touched.
The leg is 4-7 cm long and up to 1.0 cm in diameter and has a cylindrical shape, sometimes expanded or flattened. First solid, then hollow inside. The color of the leg is lighter than the cap, pale brown or whitish-cream.
The pulp is thin, brittle, brittle, whitish at first, grayish with age. Almost odorless, with a strong pungent taste. It produces a white, acrid, milky sap that turns gray in air. Completely dried milky sap has a gray-green color.
Can be confused with the edible silverback and lilac milkweed. It differs from the serushka in its more fragile consistency, sticky surface of the cap, lighter plates and milky juice that turns gray in the air. It differs from the lilac lacticaria by its graying (not lilac) flesh at the break.
It is used in food only in salted form. Pre-soaking for three days is required, followed by boiling for at least 10 minutes.
Photos and pictures with the marsh mothweed (flaccid milkweed)
Marsh boletus is a mushroom of the Boletaceae family, genus Obabok. The mushroom belongs to the edible category.
The Latin name of the mushroom is Leccinum holopus.
The diameter of the cap of this large mushroom reaches 15 centimeters, but sometimes there are huge specimens with a cap diameter of up to 30 centimeters. The shape of the cap is cushion-shaped or convex, which depends on the stage of development of the fruiting body.
The skin of the cap is light, its color varies from white to light brown. The surface of the cap is dry.
The pulp is soft, white, and its color does not change when cut. The pulp has a pronounced mushroom taste and smell. The tubular layer of young mushrooms is white, but with age it becomes almost black. Spore powder is ocher-brown.
The leg of the boletus boletus is elongated and thin - its height is 5-20 centimeters, and sometimes reaches 30 centimeters. The color of the legs is grayish or whitish.
Places where boletus boletus grows
Swamp boletuses grow in damp birch forests, they are also found in forests mixed with birch, and in birch swamps. They are found infrequently and grow solitarily.
Marsh boletuses begin to bear fruit in May; single specimens can be found as early as May 1. Fruiting continues until the beginning of November, that is, these mushrooms are not afraid of persistent frosts.
Using swamp hedgehog pickers
Marsh boletus is an edible mushroom; in terms of taste, it belongs to the 3rd category. Unlike its counterparts, the flesh of the marsh boletus is very boiled, so they are not pickled. These mushrooms can be boiled, fried and stewed. Due to the very loose pulp, only young specimens are used for food.
Benefits and harms of boletus boletuses
Boletus contains PP, vitamin C, riboflavin and thiamine. In folk medicine, these mushrooms are used to treat diseases of the nervous system, normalize blood sugar and eliminate kidney pathologies.
Dangerously similar
It is important to be able to distinguish boletus mushrooms from gall mushrooms, which are quite similar to each other. Otherwise, serious health problems are guaranteed. Bile mushrooms have an unpleasant taste; when broken, their flesh turns red, and boletus mushrooms do not change color.
Other boletus
Boletus turning pink or oxidizing is an edible mushroom. His hat is small, yellow-brown in color with light spots, this pattern looks like marble. The stem of this mushroom is short, white, with thick black-brown scales. At the base the leg is thickened, sometimes bending towards the light.
Pink boletuses grow in damp northern forests and tundras where there are arboreal or shrubby birches. These mushrooms are known in Western Europe and Russia. In terms of taste, pink boletuses belong to the 2nd category; they are suitable for consumption in any form.
The colorful boletus is an edible mushroom. The diameter of its cap is 7-12 centimeters. The color of the cap is gray-whitish mouse-like, with characteristic “strokes”. The shape varies from hemispherical to slightly convex. The length of the leg ranges from 10 to 15 centimeters, and the width is 2-3 centimeters. Its shape is cylindrical, slightly thickened at the bottom. The leg is white, densely strewn with dark brown scales.
Multi-colored boletuses bear fruit from June to October. They form mycorrhizae mainly with birch trees. These mushrooms can most often be found in swampy areas. This is a tasty edible mushroom, similar in taste to the common boletus.
Taxonomy:
- Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Order: Boletales
- Family: Suillaceae (Oilcans)
- Genus: Suillus (Oil Can)
- View: Suillus variegatus (Swampweed)
- Other names for the mushroom:
Russian synonyms:
Variegated oiler
Boss moss
Sand moss
Moss fly yellow-brown
Bolotovik
Pied
Scientific synonyms:
- Boletus variegatus
- Ixocomus variegatus
- Boletus squalidus
Cap: The yellow-brown oiler has a cap that is initially semicircular with a rolled edge, later cushion-shaped, with a diameter of 50-140 mm. The surface is initially olive or gray-orange, pubescent, which gradually cracks into small scales that disappear at maturity. In young mushrooms it is gray-yellow, gray-orange, later brownish-reddish, in maturity light ocher, sometimes slightly slimy. The skin is very difficult to separate from the flesh of the cap. The tubes are 8-12 mm tall, initially attached to the stem, later slightly cut out, initially yellow or light orange, dark olive when ripe, turning slightly blue when cut. The pores are initially small, then larger, gray-yellow, then light orange and finally brown-olive, turning slightly blue when pressed.
Leg: The leg of the butterdish is yellow-brown, cylindrical or club-shaped, 30-90 mm high and 20-35 mm thick, smooth, lemon yellow or a lighter shade, the lower part is orange-brown or reddish.
Pulp: Firm, light yellow, light orange, lemon-yellow above the tubes and under the surface of the stem, brownish at the base of the stem, slightly blue in places when cut. Without much taste; with the smell of pine needles.
Spore Powder: Olive brown.
Spores: 8-11x 3-4 µm, ellipsoid-fusiform. smooth, light yellow.
Growth: Yellow-brown butterwort grows primarily on sandy soil from June to November in coniferous and mixed forests, often in very large quantities. Fruiting bodies appear singly or in small groups.
Distribution: The yellow-brown oiler is known in Europe; in Russia - in the European part, in Siberia and the Caucasus, reaching north to the limit of pine forests, as well as in the mountain forests of Siberia and the Caucasus.
Similarity: The yellow-brown oiler resembles a moss fly, which is why it is often called yellow-brown moss fly.
In the forests of the central zone, in the mountains of Kamchatka and on the Kola Peninsula, in the forest belts of the North Caucasus and the famous steppes of Kazakhstan, in the regions of Central Asia, more than 300 species of edible mushrooms grow, which lovers of “silent hunting” love to collect.
Indeed, the activity is very exciting and interesting, which also allows you to feast on the harvest. However, you need to know about mushrooms so that poisonous ones don’t get into the basket along with edible ones, which, if eaten, can cause severe food poisoning. Edible mushrooms with photos, names and descriptions are offered for review to anyone interested in collecting mushrooms.
Mushrooms are considered edible; they can be used as food with absolutely no risk to life and health, since they have significant gastronomic value, are distinguished by a delicate and unique taste; dishes made from them do not become boring and are always in demand and popularity.
Good mushrooms are called lamellar, on the underside of the caps there are lamellar structures or spongy, since their caps on the underside resemble a sponge, inside of which there are spores.
When picking, experienced mushroom pickers always pay attention to special signs that a mushroom is edible:
Forest mushrooms grow from a mycelium that resembles a grayish light mold that appears on a rotting tree. Delicate fibers of the mycelium intertwine the roots of the tree, creating a mutually beneficial symbiosis: the mushrooms receive organic matter from the tree, and the tree receives mineral nutrients and moisture from the mycelium. Other types of mushrooms are tied to tree species, which later determined their names.
The list contains wild mushrooms with photos and their names:
- boletus;
- registry;
- boletus;
- subdukovik;
- pine mushroom;
- speckled oak or common oak, others.
Poddubovik
In coniferous and mixed forests there are many other mushrooms that mushroom pickers are happy to find:
- saffron milk caps;
- honey mushrooms summer, autumn, meadow;
- boletus;
- Russula;
- milk mushrooms;
- Polish mushroom, and so on.
Chanterelles
During collection, it is best to place mushrooms in special wicker baskets, where they can be ventilated; in such a container it is easier for them to maintain their shape. You cannot collect mushrooms in bags, otherwise, after returning home, you may find a sticky, shapeless mass.
It is allowed to collect only those mushrooms that are definitely known to be edible and young; old and wormy ones should be thrown away. It is better not to touch suspicious mushrooms at all and avoid them.
The best time to collect is early in the morning, while the mushrooms are strong and fresh, they will last longer.
Characteristics of edible mushrooms and their description
Among the noble representatives of edible, tasty and healthy mushrooms, there is a special group, which is usually characterized by one word “toadstools”, because they are all poisonous or deadly poisonous, there are about 30 species. They are dangerous because they usually grow next to edible ones and often look similar to them. Unfortunately, only a few hours later it turns out that a dangerous mushroom was eaten, when the person was poisoned and ended up in the hospital.
To avoid such serious troubles, it would be useful to look again at the photos, names and descriptions of edible forest mushrooms before going on a “quiet hunt”.
You can start with the first category, which includes the most noble, high-quality mushrooms with the highest taste and nutritional qualities.
White mushroom (or boletus) - it is given the palm of the championship, it is one of the rarest among its relatives, the beneficial properties of this mushroom are unique, and its taste is the highest. When the mushroom is small, it has a very light cap on top, which changes its color to yellowish-brown or chestnut with age. The underside is tubular, white or yellowish, the flesh is dense, the older the mushroom becomes, the more flabby its flesh becomes, but its color does not change when cut. This is important to know, since it is poisonous gall mushroom outwardly similar to white, but the surface of the spongy layer is pink, and the flesh turns red at the break. In young boletus, the legs have the shape of a drop or a barrel, with age it changes to cylindrical.
It is most often found in summer, does not grow in groups, and can be found in sandy or grassy meadows.
– a delicious mushroom, rich in microelements, known as an absorbent that binds and removes harmful toxic substances from the human body. The cap of the boletus is a muted brown shade, convex, reaching a diameter of 12 cm, the stem is covered with small scales, and widened towards the base. The pulp does not have a specific mushroom smell; when broken, it acquires a pinkish tint.
Mushrooms love moist soil, you should go for them in a birch grove after a good rain, you need to look right at the roots of birch trees, they are found in aspen forests.
- a mushroom that got its name due to its special carrot-red color, the cap is an interesting funnel-shaped, with a depression in the middle, circles are visible from the depression to the edges, the lower part and stem are also orange, the plastics turn green when pressed. The pulp is also bright orange, gives off a light resinous aroma and taste, the milky juice released at the break turns green, then turns brown. The taste of the mushroom is highly valued.
Prefers to grow in pine forests on sandy soils.
Real milk mushroom – Mushroom pickers consider and call it the “king of mushrooms,” although it cannot boast that it is suitable for use in various processing: basically, it is eaten only in salted form. The cap at a young age is flat-convex, with a slight depression, turning with age into a funnel-shaped, yellowish or greenish-white. It has transparent, glassy-like diametric circles - one of the characteristic signs of milk mushrooms. The plates from the stem extend to the edge of the cap, on which a fibrous fringe grows. The white brittle pulp has a recognizable mushroom smell; the white juice, as it weathers, begins to turn yellow.
Next, we can continue to consider the description of edible mushrooms belonging to the second category, which may be tasty and desirable, but their nutritional value is somewhat lower; experienced mushroom pickers do not ignore them.
- a genus of tubular mushrooms, it received its name because of the oily cap, initially red-brown, then turning into yellow-ocher, semicircular with a tubercle in the center. The pulp is juicy, yellowish in color, without changing when cut.
Boletus (aspen) – while young, the cap is spherical, after a couple of days its shape resembles a plate on a stocky leg elongated to 15 cm, covered with black scales. A cut of the flesh turns from white to pink-violet or gray-violet.
- belongs to valuable, elite mushrooms, has some similarities with the porcini mushroom, its cap is chestnut-brown, first curled downwards, in adult mushrooms it curls up, becomes flatter, in rainy weather a sticky substance appears on it, the skin is difficult to separate . The leg is dense, cylindrical-shaped up to 4 cm in diameter, often smooth, with thin scales.
- looks similar to a porcini mushroom, but it has a slightly different color, black-brown, the stem is a pale yellowish color with reddish splashes. The pulp is fleshy and dense, bright yellow, turning green at the break.
Common dubovik – its leg is brighter, the base is colored with a reddish tint with a light pinkish mesh. The flesh is also fleshy and dense, bright yellow, turning green at the break.
The names of edible mushrooms of the third, penultimate category are not so well known to beginning mushroom pickers, but it is quite numerous; mushrooms of this category are found much more often than the first two combined. When during the mushroom season it is possible to collect a sufficient number of white mushrooms, saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms and others, many avoid the volushki, chanterelles, russula, and valui. But when problems occur with the quantity of noble mushrooms, these mushrooms are willingly collected, so you don’t return home with empty baskets.
- pink, white, very similar to each other, the only difference is in the color of the cap, the pink wave has a young cap with a beard, a convex shape with red rings that fade with age, the white one has a lighter cap, no circles, a thin stem, narrow plates and frequent. Thanks to their dense pulp, the trumpets tolerate transportation well. They require long-term heat treatment before use.
- the most common of the Russula family, more than ten species grow on the territory of Russia, sometimes they are given the poetic definition of “gems” for the beautiful varied shades of their caps. The most delicious are russulas with pinkish, reddish wavy curved or hemispherical caps, which become sticky in wet weather, and matte in dry weather. There are caps that are unevenly colored and have white spots. The stem of russula is from 3 to 10 cm in height, the flesh is usually white and quite fragile.
Common chanterelles – are considered delicacy, the caps become funnel-shaped with age, they do not have a clear transition to unevenly cylindrical legs, tapering at the base. The dense, fleshy pulp has a pleasant mushroom aroma and pungent taste. Chanterelles differ from saffron milk caps by having a wavy or curly cap shape; they are lighter than saffron milk caps and appear translucent in the light.
Interestingly, chanterelles are not worm-bearing because they contain quinomannose in the pulp, which kills insects and arthropods from the fungus. The accumulation rate of radionuclides is average.
When collecting chanterelles, you need to be careful not to get them into the basket along with edible mushrooms. false fox , differing from the real one only at a young age, becoming old it acquires a pale yellow color.
They are distinguished when colonies of chanterelles with mushrooms of different ages are found:
- real mushrooms of any age of the same color;
- false young mushrooms are bright orange.
- with spherical caps, which in adult mushrooms becomes convex with drooping edges, yellowish plates with brownish spots, the flesh of valuu is white and dense. Old mushrooms have an unpleasant smell, so it is recommended to collect only young mushrooms that look like fists.
- mushrooms that grow in groups of many, they grow every year in the same places, therefore, having spotted such a mushroom place, you can confidently return to it every year with the confidence that the harvest will be guaranteed. They are easy to find on rotten, rotten stumps and fallen trees. The color of their caps is beige-brown, always darker in the center, lighter towards the edges, and with high humidity they acquire a reddish tint. The shape of the caps of young honey mushrooms is hemispherical, while that of mature ones is flat, but the tubercle remains in the middle. In young mushrooms, a thin film grows from the stem to the cap, which breaks as it grows, leaving a skirt on the stem.
The article does not present all edible mushrooms with photos, names and their detailed descriptions; there are a lot of varieties of mushrooms: goats, flywheels, rows, morels, puffballs, pigweeds, blackberries, bitterberries, others - their diversity is simply enormous.
When going to the forest for mushrooms, modern inexperienced mushroom pickers can use mobile phones to capture photos of edible mushrooms that are most often found in a given area, in order to be able to check the mushrooms they found with the photos available on the phone as a good clue.
Expanded list of edible mushrooms with photos
This slideshow contains all the mushrooms, including those not mentioned in the article: