home Boiler room How to loop a home heating system. Schemes of heating systems in private houses

How to loop a home heating system. Schemes of heating systems in private houses

The main advantage of a private house is that there is complete independence from various utilities. At the same time, they should be, but much more efficient than what utilities offer today. Probably the most important thing is that in your home the heating season can begin when you wish and end when it is convenient for you. But how it will take place is also important. And below we will look at how to arrange the heating of a private house with your own hands, we will offer videos and diagrams that will help you master all stages of this important process.

	Types of heating boilers: gas, electric, coal, combined.
	Types of heating systems and their installation: air heating, water heating, steam heating, electric heating.
	Warm floors in a private house.
	Combined heating.

You can’t just buy a heating system in a store and install it in your home. Of course, all its components are sold on the market or in a store, but you definitely won’t be able to get by with just one set. To create a heating system for a private home with your own hands, first of all, you must know:

How will the house be heated?
What energy carrier should be used in the system?

Designing a heating system is one of the most important stages in the communications of a private home. After this, it is necessary to perform a lot of calculations to determine the required number of heating radiators and pipes. All this must meet each other in different parameters.

First of all, you must decide which boiler can heat the house.

What types of heating boilers are there?

I would like it to be warm in a private home, and that it can be achieved with minimal human intervention. For this reason, a heating boiler should be purchased based on which type of fuel is best suited for its uninterrupted operation.

Boilers can be:

electrical;

gas;

coal;

combined.

Attention! All modern boiler models are more or less economical, operate without any noise, are small in size, and are easy to maintain. However, all boilers, even coal boilers, require electricity to start.

A gas boiler

If there is gas in the house, this is the most inexpensive and easiest way to heat your home. Modern models of gas boilers operate silently, are designed for a specific power, can be double-circuit, which means they are capable of both heating and providing housing with hot water.

Electric boiler

With the help of electricity, you can heat a large space in an environmentally friendly and efficient manner. Moreover, the power range of boilers that should be used in private homes can vary from 4 to 300 kW.

The main advantages of such boilers:

they can heat up to 300 m2 of housing, and they are located on two or even three floors;
they do not require special ventilation and a chimney;
they do not pollute or emit anything;
differ in compact sizes.

Some disadvantages:

Requires powerful electrical wiring in a three-phase network and stable voltage.
Heating costs can be quite expensive.

Like all powerful modern boilers, electric boilers not only heat living space, but are also used to heat water.

Coal boiler

Solid fuel boilers are quite efficient. Their operation is based on the operating principle of Kolpakov furnaces. It is as follows: an already heated boiler requires fuel to maintain a stable coolant temperature (once a day). These devices are characterized by high efficiency, close to 100%.

Modern coal boilers are made floor-standing. They are quite compact in size. Their body does not heat up during operation.

Main advantages:

you can burn not just coal, but also wood, including waste that burns (sawdust, paper, peat);
high power;
small sizes;
inexpensive type of fuel.

Main disadvantages:

modern solid fuel boiler models can be effective, but their main drawback is dirt during their operation (you need to find a place to store coal and dispose of burnt ash);
They take quite a long time to warm up (to achieve high power, at least 30 minutes must pass after the fuel ignites);
a well-designed chimney is important;
You cannot fill in more coal than the combustion chamber can accommodate, otherwise the fuel may “stack up” (become a monolithic structure that cannot be turned, reached, or broken).

Attention! Preparing for the heating season with a solid fuel boiler directly depends on the homeowner. Whether the house will be warm depends on what and how much fuel he buys.

Combination boilers

It’s not that these boilers are inefficient, it’s just that their efficiency is no more than 90%. There can only be one combination here - gas and solid fuel.

Such heating units are used when the house is built and you plan to supply gas, but next winter. For this reason, owners prefer to purchase a coal-fuel boiler and heat it with solid fuel the first winter.

The transition from one fuel to another occurs by changing burners. This is quite easy and can be done quite quickly.

Each boiler is part of the heating system, although it will not be very important. Its choice, namely the characteristics, should be based on what kind of energy carrier will circulate in the system.

What are the types of heating systems?

Today, six main types of heating systems can be used in a private home:

air heating (in this case, the energy carrier is hot air);

water heating (water circulates through the pipes, which has been heated to the required temperature);

electric (the home is heated using electric heating elements);

steam (steam circulates through pipes);

combined heating (there can be a variety of options);

warm floor.

Each of them has its advantages, but there are also some disadvantages.

Water heating in a private house

The most affordable, simple, and does not require special operating conditions is water heating. Its operating principle is as follows: it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of batteries and decide on the choice of a powerful boiler. You need to pour water into the finished system and there is no need to drain it at the end of the season.

It should be noted that water for the heating system in a private house can only be filtered (while in central networks it is additionally softened), so it is important to choose batteries more carefully.

This system is the easiest to maintain. Water circulation in it can occur in two ways:

by gravity;
using a pump.

Be that as it may, a do-it-yourself water heating system in a private house can be of an exclusively closed type.

Features of forced water circulation

A centrifugal or circulator pump is installed in a water heating system. Its main task is to supply water to and from the boiler (when heating) once at a certain interval.

Modern heating systems have automated this process. For this reason, human intervention to start the pump and control the temperature is absolutely unnecessary. The forced energy system makes it possible to efficiently heat a private house with several floors.

Natural water circulation

This method of moving water through the system is used extremely rarely today. It is built on the elementary laws of physics, where cold and warm waters move due to different weights. Water can flow by gravity in a system where all pipes are at a slight slope. Natural circulation of water is justified in one-story houses.

Any of the above boilers can operate in a water heating system.

Installation of a water heating system in a private house

It is necessary to make accurate calculations of the number of batteries and pipes. All this is done taking into account the area of the room that needs to be heated. All boilers, except electric ones, will require a chimney.

The heating system of a private house can be:

with two pipes (feed and processing);

with one pipe (supply of heated water by the boiler).

To begin with, the radiators are placed in the right place according to the level. You can watch our video on how to install and select them.

The next stage is pipe installation. Nowadays, using metal pipes is quite troublesome and unprofitable, but you can easily install polypropylene pipes with your own hands.

Thick-walled polypropylene pipes are used for heating. They are laid throughout all rooms (so that they can move freely from one to another, you need to make holes in the walls slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes). They are connected in the right places using special welding.

Installation of a two-pipe system

A pipe runs from the boiler to the expansion tank. The boiler should be installed on the first floor of the house, and the boiler on the second or simply above the boiler level.

After the boiler, the hot water is directed to the boiler. Two pipes come out of it: up with cooled water, down with heated water. In each room, pipes are connected to batteries.

Installation of a one-pipe system

To install a heating system in this way, fewer pipes will be needed. The system can only be with top wiring. It is perfect for small private houses with attics. The batteries are connected in series. Therefore, each next one will be a little colder.

The system must have:

extended tank;
boiler;
water purification filters;
batteries;
perhaps a pump.

Attention! Setting the temperature in a home with such a system is very problematic. One disconnected battery can bring the entire system to a standstill.

As soon as you decide on the type of system, circulation diagram and pipe routing, you need to draw on paper a diagram of the water heating of the house indicating the location of the boiler, batteries, shut-off valves, fittings, and other additional equipment (hydraulic storage or expansion tank, circulation pump, safety unit, filter etc.).

You also need to measure and draw on the diagram the distance between them, the diagram and the diameter of the wiring. Moreover, such schemes should be developed for each room of the house and separately one general scheme for the entire house. Compiling them will not cause you any difficulties, and during installation everything will be simple and clear: what is installed and where, connection methods.

DIY installation of water heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Installation of such heating includes the following steps:

Installation of one or more heating boilers.

Battery installation.

Pipe routing.

Installation of necessary additional equipment.

Connecting all elements into a single system using soldering (welding), wiring and fittings.

Boiler installation

The installation of a heating boiler is always chosen based on the maximum simplification of pipe distribution around the house and their minimum consumption. Moreover, when installing an electric or gas boiler, you need to take into account the location of the future or existing electrical or gas pipeline entry.

When choosing a place to install a stove with a water circuit or a solid fuel boiler, the determining factor is the possibility of installing a chimney in a certain place in the house.

The installation height of the boilers is of fundamental importance for water heating with natural circulation. In this case, the lower the “processing” input into the boiler, the better. The best option for a solid fuel boiler would be to place it on the ground floor of the house or in the basement. With stove water heating, it is also necessary that the firebox with the heat exchanger located in it (coil, register) be located as low as possible.

Installation of heating radiators

Typically, radiators are located at the entrance to the room or under the windows. Their installation is carried out depending on their size and type of mounting. The greater the weight of the heating radiator, the more reliable the fastening should be.

The batteries are installed horizontally with slight indentations from the floor (60 mm) and from the window sill - 100 mm. It would be good if you install taps (steam fittings), an automatic air valve and a regulator on each radiator. Shut-off valves will be needed to disconnect the radiator from the heating system. The air valve automatically bleeds air from the radiator, both when starting the heating system and during its operation.

Pipe routing and installation of additional equipment

As a rule, pipe routing begins from the heating boiler, in accordance with the previously drawn up installation diagram, and using the necessary fittings (tees, angles, connectors, adapters, etc.). All types of pipes differ in their installation and wiring features.

The wiring can be of an open type, when the heating pipes remain visible, or hidden, when it is laid in special grooves or niches and, after installation, is sealed with putty or plaster.

Along with the pipework, the batteries are connected and additional equipment for water heating of the house is installed. In closed heating systems with forced circulation, this means installing a circulation pump, a filter, a hydraulic storage tank, and a safety unit (pressure gauge, safety and air valves). In open heating systems with natural circulation, this is an expansion tank installed at the highest point of water heating.

Typically, in open systems with forced circulation, the expansion tank is installed in front of the circulation pump and fixed at the maximum height (in the attic or under the ceiling).

Air heating

This heating method is now quite in demand. Air heating implies the presence in each room of special ventilation ducts or heaters through which hot air enters. Such devices are located on the ceiling or walls.

There are three types of air heating:

central;
local;
curtains of air.

Local heating

This method of heating a home cannot be classified as full-fledged heating, but be that as it may, it can be of high quality. To do this, you need to install heat guns or fan heaters in each room and enjoy the warmth. There will be heat in the room only if the doors are closed.

The heat fan is installed in the room, but you can install it in the wall as part of the central air heating.

Central heating at home

Systems where hot air is supplied centrally to the house can be:

with full recirculation;
with direct-flow recirculation;
with partial recirculation.

As a rule, ventilation ducts are located above the suspended ceiling, leaving holes through which hot air will enter the room.

All this can be done in the walls, if the space allows you to take away a certain part in order to hide the pipes.

Air curtains

Devices that resemble air conditioners should be installed next to or above the entrance doors. A stream of warm air comes out of the curtain, blocking the cold air entering the room when the door is opened. Such a curtain in a private house can be installed only at the entrance, provided that the doors are often opened.

Making air heating in a private house with your own hands will be more expensive than water heating. Any boiler (usually gas or electric) can heat air.

The advantages of such a heating system:

The circulation of warm air is always carried out after its filtration is completed.
There is a constant flow of fresh air in the house, since the system takes it from the street.
Possibility of installing a drip humidifier.

Flaws:

High cost of installation.
Inability to install the system in the house.

DIY installation of air heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Do-it-yourself air heating of a country house requires the presence of the following equipment:

heat generator;
air vents;
decorative grilles;
fan;
hoses for air intake from outside the house.

Main stages of installation

Do-it-yourself aerial equipment goes through several stages:

installation of heat exchanger and boiler;

fan installation;

installation, distribution of air ducts;

insulation of supply and return channels;

creating a hole in the wall of the building for air intake and installing the hose.

Air heating of a private house begins with the installation of a boiler. It is usually installed in the basement. It is prohibited to connect the boiler to the gas main, as you need to call a specialist. You can make a chimney from a sheet of tin. The upper part of the heat exchanger is fixed with the supply air vent, and a fan is mounted directly under the combustion chamber. Then a return pipe is connected to it from the outside, after which the first stage can be considered complete.

The wiring process always begins with the connection of flexible air vents to the supply channel main. They usually have a round cross-section. Then they make a return air vent, the diameter of which is larger, but such a channel will have fewer outlets than the supply one.

To prevent condensation from forming in the sleeve, it should be insulated. Then a throttle valve is installed in the pipe, with the help of which the process of regulating the amount of fresh air entering is carried out. When the system is installed, it makes sense to hide all the wires and pipes with plasterboard boxes, giving the room greater aesthetics.

Electric heating

This heating is based on the presence of an electric convector in each room. The more modern the device, the more functions it has. For example, this could be a temperature controller. It can be automatic: you yourself set the temperature at which the convector turns off, and when it decreases it turns on.

Advantages of electric heating:

speed of installation;
ease of use;
possibility of placing convectors between rooms.

Flaws:

availability of a good electrical network;
high energy costs.

This heating will be justified only as a temporary option, and where other types of fuel are not available.

Steam heating

Its operating principle is exactly the same as in a water system. The only difference is that steam circulates through the pipes. This type of heating is used in private homes. Its principle of operation and installation is exactly the same as with air circulation.

You can heat a room in this way using special boilers that work together with a device that produces steam. The system must have filters that prepare the water before it turns into a gaseous state.

Such a system for a private home has many more disadvantages than advantages:

quite expensive installation (considering the special boiler and filters);
operation of the system can be dangerous (if a battery or pipe bursts, a person nearby may be burned).

The advantages include energy savings and the heating speed of the entire heating system.

Do-it-yourself installation of electric heating in a private house: video, diagrams

Electric boilers are divided into wall-mounted and floor-mounted according to the installation method. An important advantage of such a boiler is that no additional room is required for its installation. Moreover, it is convenient to carry and easy to dismantle.

Installation is carried out in the shortest possible time. The device is installed in houses with an area of up to 500 m2.

It should be noted that you can install an electric boiler yourself, and you will not need a large number of approvals (only permission from Energonadzor).

The boiler is attached to the wall with anchor bolts or dowels. The device must hang level, in a horizontal or vertical plane (depending on the specific model).

Typically, floor-standing boilers are installed on special stands, and ball valves are used to shut off the water. An important point: when connecting the boiler, the water in the heating system must be turned off.

Having connected the boiler to the heating system, we begin to work with the electrical part. You will need installation, a circuit breaker, and grounding.

The cross-section of the wires is selected with full consideration of the recommendations from the manufacturer and in strict accordance with the power of the device. Having connected the boiler to the power supply, you need to fill the system with water and then check its operation.

Warm floor system

Warm floors are often installed on the ground floor of a private house. However, the best way to transmit heat is through ceramic tiles. Therefore, the installation of such a system, where parquet, laminate or linoleum is used as flooring, is impractical, since they are characterized by low heat conductivity.

The essence of these systems is the same - heat will penetrate into the room immediately, but the installation, as well as the principle of operation, are different.

Water heated floor

Pipes that are connected to a common water heating system are laid on a flat surface on a special substrate that does not allow heat to escape downwards.

Installation of a water heated floor with your own hands: video, diagrams

Preparatory stage.

Before installing underfloor heating, you need to prepare a flat and solid base. It consists of steam or waterproofing, insulation and cement-sand screed.

Moreover, the room must be equipped with doors and windows and must have plastered walls, marked connections for sewer, heating and water pipelines.

Preparing the floor slab.

If you are installing a heated floor on a reinforced concrete floor slab, then first lay a layer of hydro- or vapor barrier on it. They use coating waterproofing based on bitumen or adhesive using fiberglass, roofing felt, fiberglass, which are also glued with compounds containing bitumen.

As a vapor barrier, you can use polyethylene tiles, the thickness of which should be at least 0.2 mm or other similar materials. Both vapor and waterproofing must protect the insulation from moisture, which can form as a result of condensation during the interaction of cold earth and a warm floor slab.

Pasted waterproofing or vapor barrier from film is carried out by laying strips of material with an overlap of 10-15 cm. If film is used, then you need to fasten the edges of the panels with tape. They are fixed with bitumen compounds. Each type of insulation is placed on vertical surfaces above the insulation and glued to the walls of the house.

Preparing the soil base.

Often, individual houses are built without floor slabs, when basements are not installed. In this case, preparation is carried out from crushed stone and sand in layers, with a layer height of within 10 cm. Moreover, each layer is moistened and compacted.

Then the area of the room where you plan to install the water floor is filled with concrete mixture. For reliability, you can lay reinforcement mesh.

The surface must be horizontal, for which a building level is used. Concrete is poured along lighthouse slats, which, in addition to maintaining horizontality, serve as expansion joints. According to building rules and regulations, horizontal differences of no more than 1 cm are allowed.

Insulation.

Thermal insulation is an important link in the system of such a floor. It should block heat from accessing hot water pipes to the lower zone of the underground space - to the basement or ground, and, accordingly, vice versa, direct heat upward into the living space.

Attention! How profitable the heating will be depends on the correctly selected material to provide thermal insulation and its thickness.

The thickness of such an insulating layer is calculated based on:

climate features;
data on wall material;
groundwater level – spruce floor slab is missing;
volume of the room where the heated floor is installed.

The thickness of the insulating layer on which floors are screeded above a cold basement or soil foundation, according to the standards, should be from 50 mm. For floor slabs it may be less.

Expanded polystyrene, which is covered with foil on one side, is usually used as insulation. When using it, some inconvenience may arise, since the pipes must be secured using improvised means, for example, clips or clamps.

Today, the market offers a huge number of polystyrene foam boards, the installation of which is carried out with better quality and faster. Their design provides for reliable fastening to each other as a result of locking devices. As a result, a strong, continuous and even base is created.

This material is covered with a vapor barrier in the form of a polystyrene film and is characterized by high density. Moreover, in the body of the slabs there are special channels into which heating pipes are laid.

When installing them, a tape measure or other measuring tools are not required, since there are linear markings on their edges. Thus, installation can be carried out much faster. Therefore, such slabs have enough advantages for you to choose them.

It is important to lay polystyrene foam boards over the floor area, and not just where underfloor heating pipes pass. This will be the key to the high strength of the concrete screed, as well as the reliability of the entire heating system.

Electric heated floor

It is easy to install. Ready-made mats are laid on the surface, and a minimal screed is applied on top. True, you can do without it.

A cheaper option is also available. A cable must be laid on a special substrate, which is secured, and a floor covering or screed on top.

Typically, heated floors represent only part of the overall heating system.

Installation of electric heated floors with your own hands: video, diagrams

We suggest you consider installing an electric floor yourself in a private house (it is done in the same way in an apartment). You need to make sure that the wiring in the house can cope with the loads from the heating elements, and that you have automatic switches of a certain power installed.

Thermal insulation.

Before installing a heated floor, it is necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene foam, 20-50 mm thick. This is important if there is a cold room under the floor. Thermal insulation needs to be laid on a leveled base and for reliability it would be a good idea to lay it on a special glue.

Reinforcement.

Then you need to make a reinforced screed with a solution thickness of 10-20 mm. You can reinforce with either plastic or galvanized plaster mesh. Foil is placed on top of the screed to reflect infrared radiation from the heating elements.

Pouring the floor.

We begin installing the electric floor with our own hands and select the location of the heating cable, taking into account the arrangement of different furniture, making sure that the wires are located at a distance of up to 5 cm from the furniture. When laying the heating cable, you need to attach it to the lower base using polyurethane foam, after which it is filled with cement-sand screed or a ready-made mixture.

You can see various technological difficulties that arise during installation by studying the video of the installation of an electric heated floor with your own hands, where they will be performed by experienced craftsmen. Along with laying the cable in the thickness of the screed, a temperature control system sensor is also installed, a thermostat is installed (in one place), which allows you to regulate the floor temperature at your discretion.

Combined heating

Using combined heating in the house, you can get something like this: in some rooms, often in the bathroom, kitchen, corridors, heated floors are installed, and in the bedroom and living room there is water heating. But you can go the other way: the whole house will have water heating, and in several rooms (for example, which were completed later) - electric heating. The most profitable option is when the system has one coolant and one boiler.

After you install any of the above heating systems, you need to run the energy carrier into it and connect the boiler. To do this, we recommend inviting a specialist from the service center where the boiler was purchased. Its start-up will go smoothly, and you won’t have to expect any surprises from the heating season, and next time you won’t need the services of such a specialist.

The design and installation of a heating system in a house can be carried out in a variety of ways. Already at the stage of drawing up the project, you should choose the most optimal option, which will help bring all the owner’s ideas into reality, without going beyond the planned budget.

The most financially profitable option is a single-pipe heating system. Two-pipe heating wiring may be somewhat more expensive, but the efficiency of this method is much higher.

Popular heating wiring methods

A fireplace or stove is very often placed in the modern interior of a private house, but they most likely serve a decorative function, emphasizing the individual style of the house, since the main heating load falls on one or two circuit heating boilers. The operating principle of a single-circuit boiler is solely to provide heating for the house, while a double-circuit boiler, in addition to heating the house, can also work as water heating.

Regardless of the type of heating boiler, to set up an individual heating system, you can use either a single-pipe wiring diagram or a two-pipe one. Let's look at their main features and try to figure out what the advantages and disadvantages of each type are.

Single-pipe heating system

The principle of operation of such a system is very simple: when installing heating, only one pipe is installed, which creates a vicious circle. This system is connected to batteries from every room in the house.

There are two ways to set up such a system:

horizontal;
vertical.

The horizontal method of arranging a single-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is more popular, as it has a fairly simple design. A special feature is the special installation method, in which the installed pipes must have a slight slope so that the coolant can easily circulate throughout the entire system.

The nuances of installation using the horizontal method arise when heating is installed in a multi-storey building. Then, at the entrance to the initial section of the radiator, located on the ground floor, you need to install a valve, partially closing which you can create the necessary pressure for coolant circulation on the upper floors.

Attention ! When arranging the vertical distribution of heating pipes in a private house, it is very important to take into account the location of the risers. It should only be vertical, and the pipes should have a slightly larger diameter than when installed in a horizontal layout.

One of the advantages of a one-pipe heating system with bottom wiring is the absence of the need for a mandatory connection to a circular pump.

Advantages of single-pipe heating:

good savings on materials, as fewer pipes are required;
very simple and clear wiring diagram;
clear calculation of hydraulic load on pipes.

But, unfortunately, despite all the positive aspects, they are completely negated by one minus. It consists of a significant loss of coolant temperature as it moves away from the heating boiler. This means that the radiators in the farthest rooms will be slightly warm.

This situation can be corrected in the following ways:

increase the total number of sections in the radiator as it moves away from the boiler;
install special thermostatic valves on the radiators that regulate the coolant supply pressure to each radiator;
install a circular pump that will maintain the pressure at the required level and facilitate the correct distribution of the coolant throughout the network.

Single-pipe heating distribution in a private house will be optimal for arranging a heating system in a one-story private house with an area of no more than 100 m², and no additional devices such as “warm floors” will be needed.

Two-pipe heating system

The main difference between this type of heating system arrangement and the previous one is that each battery is connected to the main pipe of both forward and reverse current. This feature approximately doubles the pipe consumption. But it is worth noting the positive aspects. The owner of the house can independently regulate the level of heat supply to each radiator. As a result, you can easily create a pleasant atmosphere in every room.

The arrangement of a two-pipe heating system provides for several different wiring methods. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Vertical scheme with bottom wiring

The technological process of installing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring includes the following steps:

A main pipeline is installed along the floor of the first floor or basement, which originates from the heating boiler.
Vertical pipes are carried along the main pipe, which ensure the movement of coolant to the radiators in the rooms.
Each radiator must have a pipe installed for the return flow of cooled coolant into the heating boiler.

When designing a two-pipe heating system with bottom wiring, you must definitely think about how exactly the need for regular air outlet from the pipeline will be ensured. As a rule, this requirement is met by the installation of an air pipe, an expansion tank and the installation of Mayevsky taps on all batteries, which are located on the second and third floors of the building.

Vertical scheme with top wiring

This model provides that the coolant is supplied from the heating device to the attic through a pipeline. From there, the coolant flows through the risers to all the radiators of the house. And the already cooled water returns to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

Attention ! In order to avoid air congestion in the system, it is important to periodically remove air. To do this, install a special expansion tank.

The presented method of arranging a heating system at home is in many ways more effective than the method with lower wiring, because much greater pressure is supplied through the risers.

Horizontal heating system

Arranging a horizontal heating system with forced circulation is a very popular way to heat a house.

When installing horizontal heating, several schemes are traditionally used:

Dead end. The advantage of this option is the economical consumption of pipes. The disadvantage is that the length of the circuit is very long and this makes it very difficult to regulate the operation of the entire system.
Associated movement of water. All circulation circuits are of equal length, and this helps to adjust the system easily and simply. The disadvantage of this heating layout for a private house is the high consumption of pipes, which, due to their cost, significantly increase the repair budget and also spoil the interior of the premises.
Collector or radial wiring of the heating system. Thanks to the fact that each battery is connected individually to the central heating distribution manifold, it is very easy to ensure uniform heat distribution. The disadvantage, as in the second case, is the very high consumption of materials. But all pipes are mounted into the wall, which does not spoil the interior of the room. Today, this heating distribution scheme for a private house is gaining popularity among developers.

When choosing a wiring diagram, it is important to take into account many factors: area of the building, types of construction materials, etc.

The unavailability of centralized heating makes you think about installation. With its help, you can create comfortable conditions inside the building at any time of the year. Most people choose water heating for a private home. Almost anyone can assemble circuits of the most complex circuits with their own hands. We invite you to get acquainted with the distinctive features of water heating and the nuances of installation work.

Read in the article

Advantages and disadvantages of water heating systems

Water heating has a number of advantages:

Possibility of installation at any stage of construction of a private house. If necessary, you can develop and install water heating yourself after the building has been put into operation.
Available coolant. Characterized by high thermal conductivity, water has a low cost.
Versatility. Water heating can be used using various types of fuel.
Possibility of choosing a suitable design. Pipe routing is selected individually depending on the square footage of a private house, the capabilities and preferences of the owners.
Possibility of temperature control in each room due to the installation of special shut-off valves.

The disadvantages of water heating include:

Low efficiency.
Uneven heating of the coolant in the pipeline.
The need to install an expansion tank.

Coolant and its properties

Water is widely used as a coolant. This is facilitated by its basic properties. It is not capable of having a negative impact on a person even if the heating circuit is damaged. Has a high level of heat transfer. The viscosity of water makes it a suitable option for any modern water tank.

The disadvantages of water include:

freezing at zero temperature;
an increase in volume when the state of aggregation changes, which can cause a pipeline rupture;
salt content, which leads to the appearance of sediment on the inner surface.

Attention! To prevent the formation of sediment on the internal surface, only distilled water should be poured into the heating circuit.

They are often used instead of water. Such substances are not afraid of low temperatures, but they cannot always be used in a traditional water heating system. They are toxic and can have a negative impact on human health if the system is depressurized.

Standards and requirements for autonomous heating

The requirements for the heating system are set out in SNiP 2.04.05-91. The standards contained in this document are intended to create a comfortable microclimate. Some recommendations are given in SNiP 31-02, which regulates the rules for the construction of single-family houses.

The requirements for what is used are established separately. Its temperature should be in the range +60÷80ºС. Maximum heating is limited to +90ºС. In this case, the outer surface of the heating elements, access to which is not limited in any way, should not heat above +70ºС.

When deciding how to install heating in a private house, you should pay attention to possible methods of installing a heating system. Preference may be given to:

Open. The pipeline is laid along building structures. For fastening, clamps and clips are used. Are used . The choice in favor of polymer products is made only if it is possible to protect them from mechanical and/or thermal influences;

Hidden. The water circuit is laid in specially prepared channels and grooves hidden behind various. Relevant for buildings that are planned to be used for at least 20 years. In this case, the service life of the pipes should exceed 40 years.

Attention! The open laying method is a priority.

Features of a water heating system

This system became a direct continuation. It allows you to simultaneously heat several rooms, while a traditional stove cannot cope with this task. To do this, heating devices are installed in each room, the layout of which is worked out for each private house individually.

The coolant liquid, heated in the boiler to the required temperature, enters the pipeline. Moving through the pipes, it begins to give off its heat to heating devices, which can be either a circuit. Heating devices, in turn, transfer heat to the surrounding space. The cooled coolant is returned back to the boiler, heated to the set temperature, and the cycle is repeated. Thanks to the continuous movement of the coolant, it is possible to maintain the temperature in a private home at a comfortable level.

Basic elements of a water heating system

When learning how to properly install heating in a private home, it is worth getting acquainted with the basic elements. They can have different designs or be made of different materials. The service life of water heating and ease of use will depend on the choice made.

Boiler

This element supports the operation of water heating. It produces heat that heats the water to the required temperature. Manufacturers offer heating boilers that operate on:

. Optimal from the point of view of safe operation. Such equipment does not impose increased requirements on the installation site. Does not emit combustion products. However, high operating costs and dependence on energy supply force us to consider other options;
. A popular option if there is a gas pipeline near a private house. Low operating costs and fairly high efficiency make such equipment very popular. It is not possible to do the installation yourself;
Liquid fuel. It is similar in design, but is equipped with a different type of burner. Installed in a separate room. Due to the large amount of combustion products, it requires regular cleaning;
. The best option for the private sector. Installation can be done by yourself. During operation, it is necessary to constantly add fuel to the firebox and remove combustion products.

Attention! Manufacturers offer combination boilers that can operate on various types of fuel.

When choosing a suitable model, you should focus not only on the type of fuel used, but also on. On average, 1 kilowatt will be enough to heat 10 square meters in a private house located in the southern regions. In the middle zone this figure will increase to 1.5 kW, and in the northern zone – to 2.0. Experts recommend adding another 20÷30% to the obtained value. To facilitate calculations, our team has developed a convenient calculator.

Related article:

In this publication we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of this type of boiler, how they work, what types there are, how to make it yourself, and also introduce you to popular models and manufacturers.

Calculator for calculating the required boiler power

Pipes

For the heating circuit, products made from various materials are used, each of which has its own characteristics. Preference can be given to pipes:

steel. Such products were the most popular until relatively recently. However, in the construction of private houses they are currently used less frequently. The reason lies in the tendency to corrosion of steel surfaces;

Advice! If you decide to give preference to steel pipes, you should purchase galvanized products or made of stainless steel.

copper. Copper piping can withstand high temperatures and pressure. It is characterized by a long service life, but the high cost of copper elements significantly limits their use;

polymer. Products made of metal-plastic, the basis of which is aluminum, coated with a layer of plastic, or from, additionally reinforced with aluminum, have a number of advantages. They are not afraid of corrosion, have sufficient strength, and prevent the appearance of sediment on the inner surface. Installation of water heating will not require significant financial investments, since it can be done with your own hands without the use of special equipment.

Attention! Due to the high coefficient of thermal expansion of polymers, there is a high probability of pipe damage when the circuit freezes.

Radiators

The efficiency of water heating largely depends on the characteristics installed. Manufacturers offer batteries made from:

become. Such products have an affordable price. However, the tendency to corrosion significantly reduces the possible duration of their operation;
. The products are characterized by high resistance to corrosion processes with low resistance to pressure changes. Considering that in private homes the pressure is usually stable, aluminum radiators can last quite a long time;
steel and aluminum. Bimetallic radiators have advantages characteristic of products made either of aluminum or steel;
. The large weight of the battery places increased demands on the fasteners used.

Water pumps for heating a private house

Used to ensure continuous heating circuit. The stability of heating operation largely depends on its characteristics. Manufacturers offer different types of water pumps for heating private homes.

The first parameter can be calculated as follows: divide the system power by the difference in coolant temperatures at the inlet and outlet and the heat capacity of water. The pressure is selected in such a way as to ensure normal coolant flow at each point. Especially for our readers, we have prepared convenient calculators for calculating the performance and pressure of a circulation pump.

Circulation pump performance calculator

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Expansion tank and make-up system

Part of a closed heating system. Allows you to compensate for the difference in coolant volumes during heating and cooling. consists of two parts: water and air. The pressure in the latter is regulated in such a way as to ensure hydrostatic equilibrium when filling the air part to a certain level.

As the chamber fills with hot water, the pressure increases and the liquid begins to push through the membrane, increasing the pressure in the air chamber. After the coolant has cooled, excess pressure squeezes the liquid back out. There are different types and volumes. Below you can use a convenient calculator to determine the required volume of the expansion tank

Calculator for calculating the minimum volume of an expansion tank

Selection of heating devices

When choosing a boiler for water heating, you should focus on its power, installation features, geometric parameters and the type of fuel used. The most practical are considered to be, which, if necessary, can replace or. The operating costs of a solid fuel boiler are much lower than the electric model. The latter will be the best option for a small private house.

When choosing a heating device, you should consider how to install a heating boiler in a private house. The lack of a separate room significantly narrows the list of suitable models.

Types of water heating systems

Before you start figuring out how to install heating in a private home, it’s worth getting acquainted with the existing types of systems. Each of them has its own distinctive features that determine the possible area of use and the procedure for performing installation work.

Water system "Warm floor"

Most often used in conjunction with other types of heating systems. Installation is quite complex and requires careful compliance. The main advantage is a large heating area. Due to the fact that the floor is one large radiator, it is possible to ensure optimal heat exchange. Heated air rises from bottom to top, filling the space. In this case, the water temperature in the circuit decreases to +55ºC.

The disadvantages of a water system include the need to perform installation work during the construction of a private house. It is quite difficult to implement a project in a finished building. After laying the pipeline, the ceiling height is reduced.

Baseboard heating systems

The heating elements of water heating have a shape that outwardly resembles a building analogue of the same name. Inside the heater there are elements including copper tubes. A durable solid metal box provides good heat dissipation.

Heating elements are mounted around the perimeter of the room, thanks to which it is possible to maintain the temperature at a given level. As the coolant passes through, sequential heating of the copper tubes, metal box, air, and walls occurs. As a result, the air in the room warms up not only due to heat transfer, but also due to the walls along which they are mounted.

The most rational option is to install water heating in places directly bordering the street. This is a suitable option for a balcony, terrace or veranda. The advantages of the plinth system include:

formation of a comfortable microclimate without active air circulation;
insulation of places where mold most often appears;
ease of installation work;
the ability to select elements with a suitable design;
availability.

The disadvantages include the limited (up to 15 meters) length of the circuit. Often 2–3 circuits are installed in one room. Another negative point is the impossibility of installation along horizontal elements, as this will reduce the efficiency of water heating.

Article

This is a very important question. If there is an error in choosing a heating system the rooms will be cold, or expenses for heating will be completely unbearable.

DIY heating connection diagrams for a private house

Exists several types heating systems for a private home that you can do yourself.

Single pipe systems

Key element - boiler. In it, the coolant is heated, passes through the heating system and returns back to the boiler, where the water is heated again.

Serves as a cold water intake pipe second part of the system. The entire system is circular and closed in a continuous cycle.

Single-pipe systems are:

Closed- does not communicate with the surrounding air, and if there is excess pressure inside, excess air is removed manually. The volume of liquid in the system is constant.
Open- have a leaky expansion tank into which excess air is forced out. Pipes passing through the house are located above heating devices (to displace air into the container).

It comes out of the water heating boiler one pipe and, sequentially running around all the radiators, returns back.

low cost;
the flow of water is directed at will;
ease of installation;
the system can be mounted under the wall or under the floor;
use of any boiler(solid fuel, gas, electric);
All elements of the system are connected to the distribution pipe.

High cost.
The water temperature decreases from one battery to another, and if there are many radiators connected, then the last one is already cold. To heat all the rooms, the heating temperature must be greatly increased, which entails additional costs.
Running coolant requires high pressure, for which an additional pump is installed.
High system pressure causes wear(a large number of leaks occur).
A system that It has not been used for a long time and is difficult to start.
Without installing the proper slope, air plugs may occur in the chain., which makes heat transfer difficult.
It is not possible to repair a single link without shutting down the entire system.

Horizontal

The principle of operation is circulation through a closed horizontal coolant circuit, which enters and exits the same boiler.

Photo 1. Horizontal single-pipe heating system with a main pipe from which wiring goes to the batteries.

From the heating boiler, the main pipe is laid horizontally (on the floor or under the floor), from which branches are made to the radiators. If the house is two-story, then on the first floor a riser cuts into the main pipe to supply water to the second floor.

Attention! The main pipe is being laid on a slight slope(with natural coolant circulation), while the batteries must be installed at the same level.

If the structure is mounted on the floor, then the pipes are insulated so that there is no excess heat transfer.

ease of installation;
cheapness;
if the system is equipped with bypasses, then the difference in temperature is small;
dismantling one battery does not require shutting down the entire system;
the coolant circulation will be quite fast.

temperature adjustment on individual radiators is not possible;
when repairing one link, the entire system must be stopped;
The difference in temperature between the first and last radiator is very large.

The connection can be:

Flow-through(severe heat loss, not recommended for small rooms).
With bypasses(the bypass diameter should be smaller than that of the main pipe. Part of the water goes to the radiator, the rest moves further through the system).
Nizhny(possibly with forced passage of liquid).
Diagonal(better for heat transfer).

Important! If the system is mounted for a two-story house, then the equipment must include a pump for forced circulation of liquid.

Vertical

All batteries in parallel connected to vertical risers. It is advisable to install this system in buildings with more than two storeys. The heated coolant flows from top to bottom.

The heated coolant supply from the boiler goes to the top of the tank and from there it diverges along the conductive line to the radiators. The cooled liquid is returned to the boiler.

ease of installation;
uniform heat distribution;
when renovating one floor, it is not necessary to turn off the other;
good natural current.

high pipe consumption;
heating large rooms is difficult.

Installation nuances:

The presence of an expansion tank is mandatory here. Installed at the peak point (attic).
It is advisable to install one Mayevsky crane on the floor.
The main pipe is laid with a slight slope.

Only metal pipes can be attached to the boiler.

Project of the Leningradka scheme

The heated coolant leaves the heating boiler, sequentially passes through all connected heating devices and returns back.

"Leningradka" can be:

vertical;
horizontal;
with top or bottom wiring.

The main pipe is being laid along the outer walls of the building, encircling it around the perimeter. All heating devices, including heated floors, are connected to this pipe. Allowed into the system inset of modern elements(pump, thermostatic valves, bypasses, etc.).

Photo 2. Diagram of the Leningradka heating system with a circulation pump, four radiators and an expansion tank.

possibility of connecting several heating boilers;
low cost;
low pipe consumption.

use of large diameter pipes so that the entire system works efficiently;
Air locks often form in the system;
to the system You can connect heated floors or a heated towel rail, but the power is not enough for full operation.

When assembling the system, the following points must be taken into account:

If the main pipe is laid below floor level, then In addition, thermal insulation must be used to avoid overheating of the floor.
The main pipe is pulled with a slight slope.
The expansion tank must be installed close to the boiler.
The pump can only be installed after the expansion tank along the flow of the coolant.
Installation heating carried out before any finishing work begins.
Radiators are located only on one level.

Important! Due to excessive airing of the chain, use Mayevsky cranes Necessarily.

During installation, sudden changes in height must be avoided, since in this case, traffic jams are guaranteed.

Two-pipe with bottom wiring

The main difference between this system and a single-pipe system is the number of pipes: hot water is supplied through one, and cold water is discharged through the other.

Both pipes(both feeding and collecting) are located below under the batteries. The hot coolant pipe is laid above the return pipe. The liquid moves through the system from bottom to top.

Exists two connection methods batteries:

ray— each radiator is connected to the main pipe by separate connections;
consistent.

The system can be installed with:

passing contour(liquid in both pipes moves in the same direction);
dead end(coolant moves in different directions);
one;
several.

autonomy of floor heating;
possibility of operation until the construction of the house is stopped;
low heat loss due to installation features;
the central unit can be placed in the basement.

airiness systems - air bleeding must be carried out daily;
when installing an overhead line system becomes unnecessarily bulky;
high consumption of materials(especially for radial connection);
adjustment should be carried out before the onset of cold weather;
low pressure in the supply coolant.

When laying the chain, the following points must be taken into account:

Radiators are additionally equipped with Mayevsky taps to remove air from the system (air vents can be installed).
If the system is installed in a multi-story building, then laying an overhead line, through which excess air is discharged into the expansion tank.
If the main pipe ends up near the front door during installation, it can be divided into 2 elbows.

Two-pipe with top wiring

This system is good in houses with several floors. The heated coolant under pressure goes from bottom to top into the tank, and from there through the supply pipe to the radiators. A system with top supply is always vertical; heating radiators are mounted parallel to vertical risers.

The supply pipe runs through the attic or tech. floor, and the return pipe - in the basement or below floor level on the first floor.

Photo 3. The diagram of a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring is suitable for private houses with two or more floors.

ease of installation;
low heat loss;
airiness does not occur;
excellent natural circulation.

it will not be possible to install a large number of radiators;
high consumption of components;
does not heat a large area.

The chain is mounted taking into account three points:

mandatory installation of an expansion tank at the top point of the supply pipe;
if the coolant flow is natural, then a slight slope is taken into account when laying both pipes;
the supply pipe goes to the batteries through the expansion tank.

Beam system with collectors

A collector is connected to the heating boiler - single thermal unit, from which each radiator in the room has its own branch. The collector is:

simple;
improved(with automatic temperature control).

This option is suitable for a two-story house. Departs from the collector from two to twelve knots- depending on the number of radiators in the house. If necessary, the number of layers is increased.

To the collector "comb" you can connect a pump- for forced circulation of liquid. And hide the structure itself in a closet so as not to spoil the aesthetics of the house.

durability;
ease of repair(no need to disconnect the entire circuit);
temperature adjustment;
uniform temperature in all rooms.

price.

Reference! To somehow reduce the cost of pipes, it is better to install a manifold cabinet in the central part of the house.

Installation nuances:

Typically, this system uses metal-plastic pipes. When installing into the floor, it is recommended to wrap each pipe in insulation so as not to injure it on the concrete during expansion.
Recommended diameter is 16 mm.
Do not route pipes through doorways- otherwise the pipe may be damaged when drilling.
When laying through walls, it is recommended to install them in cartridges.

With forced circulation

The built-in pump ensures rapid circulation of liquid in the system, which reduces heat loss along the path.

Increased speed prevents mixing of hot and cold water - the temperature in all rooms is equal.

By adjusting the flow rate of the coolant, the temperature in the room is controlled.

According to the project, a pump is built into the forced circulation system to accelerate the coolant.

comfortable operation;
possibility of choosing a mounted circuit(collector, one-, two-pipe);
heating adjustment;
increasing the service life of components;
installation of pipes of smaller cross-section.

pumping system increases initial installation costs;
noise from a running pump;
additional electricity costs.

Installation nuances:

Place of installation of the pump group depends on the method of pipe routing. Thanks to the artificial pressure inside the system, the slope is not installed.

With natural circulation

The liquid in the system, heating up, rises and goes into the radiators, where the coolant cools. The cold liquid sinks down. Pressure depends from the temperature difference. The cycle is closed.

The boiler is installed below the level of the radiators.
Branch pipes are smaller in diameter than the main pipe.
A diagonal connection would be correct., in which hot water enters the radiator from above.
To improve fluid circulation a slight slope is provided.

Install an expansion tank: if there is excess pressure, some of the liquid will flow into it, and if it falls, it will return back into the system.

low cost;
Possibility of installation of one- or two-pipe systems to choose from;
easy repairs;
does not clutter up the space;
reliability;
long service life.

Available only in single-pipe natural circulation systems:

Uneven heat distribution: in rooms located closer to the boiler it is hot, in rooms further away it is cold.
Additional expenses: To increase the temperature in cool rooms, batteries are built up or powerful radiators are installed.
Increased fuel consumption(compared to pump type).

Installation nuances:

Overheating protection is built into the circuit to prevent airing.
Each radiator is equipped with a bypass, a thermostat and a Mayevsky tap.

In natural circulation circuits, only water is used (due to its density, antifreeze is not suitable).

Useful video

Watch a video review of a two-pipe heating system, connection options, pros and cons.

Readers.

Organizing heating in a house is a difficult and expensive task. With the right skills, costs can be significantly reduced by creating a heating circuit yourself. Of course, in the case of gas, you will have to spend money on the bureaucratic part and specialists, but if you have chosen a different type of fuel, you can do the entire cycle from design to launch yourself.

At first glance, the choice of heating scheme for a private house depends on its characteristics; the larger the house, the more complex the system will be. However, there are a number of misconceptions about the profitability of certain schemes.

Single pipe system

And the most common of those myths is about the single-pipe heating scheme. The coolant is directed to the radiators and back through one pipe, and many people believe that this is an ideal option for a small house, as it is cheaper to maintain than other variations. But that's not true.

Due to the fact that all the batteries are connected to one pipe, the efficiency drops noticeably, and the radiator at the end of the chain differs significantly in temperature from those at the beginning. This leads to a forced increase in boiler power and, as a consequence, to an increase in fuel consumption.

However, this scheme remains popular due to the low cost of the installation itself. A small number of structural elements allows you to save on materials, and in small rooms, temperature losses at the extreme points of the circuit are not so important; they are leveled out by natural air circulation.

Therefore, for small houses and garages this option is most preferable. For those who make a heating system with their own hands, this scheme will be attractive due to its simple installation.

Two-pipe system

In a two-pipe heating scheme, the coolant is supplied and removed from the battery through different pipes. This is more expensive in terms of materials, but this small drawback is more than compensated by the uniform distribution of heat throughout the rooms and the wide possibilities for temperature regulation in individual rooms through thermostats and control devices.

In private homes, this scheme is most often used with lower wiring. For the most part, this is due to aesthetic reasons - the pipes can be partially hidden from view, and if you prudently install them from the floor during the construction of the house, the heating will be practically invisible.

This circumstance makes us close our eyes to the need for a circulation pump to maintain pressure and manual release of air from the pipes. In addition, batteries with bottom connections are much easier to install and maintain.

Ideal for heating a two-story house would be a scheme with overhead wiring. It differs from the previous one in that the coolant is distributed through pipes from the very top of the circuit - from an expansion tank installed on the top floor or attic.

This not only eliminates the need to additionally bleed air (it is removed through the tank), but also ensures more uniform heating of the home.

The disadvantages include something for which many people sacrifice efficiency in favor of aesthetics - in order to hide the pipes, you will have to sacrifice a useful amount of space, and in some cases this cannot be done at all. If the number of floors is high, a circulation pump may also be required.

There is also the most modern and at the same time the most expensive type of two-pipe circuit - beam (collector). With this approach, each radiator is independent of the others, which provides ample scope for local temperature control.

This method makes it possible to connect underfloor heating. However, the need to supply pipes to each battery through supply and exhaust manifolds significantly increases the cost of such systems, which is their main disadvantage. Otherwise, many experts call such schemes the best.

Which scheme to choose

The first thing you need to decide is what is more important to you - efficiency, cheapness, or beauty in the interior of your home.

The single-pipe option will cope well with heating a small and medium-sized house, but if the number of heating elements is 5-6 or more, the last radiators will simply be cold.

But no special skills are required - anyone can do it, armed with photo reports of the installation of heating circuits, and it will not cost much.

If the size of the premises forces a significantly larger number of heating devices in the chain, then your option is a two-pipe circuit; you just need to focus on the wiring method. Not only cosmetic effects depend on it, but also the type of contour - closed or open.

The latter implies the presence of an expansion tank and is used when the coolant flows by gravity, imposing restrictions on the height of heated houses.

With a closed circuit, a special pump is required that will provide circulation, and at the same time increase operating costs; this also needs to be taken into account.

For those whose finances do not sing romances, and whose comfort is above all, the best solution would be beam wiring.

Installation costs are significant, most likely you cannot do without the services of specialists, but the result will exceed all expectations - your home will receive a universal heating system with wide customization and modification options.

So, by connecting heated floors and additional radiators to the system, you can use all elements of the circuit, even each separately, by connecting control devices, maintain different set temperatures in individual rooms, and much more, which will ensure the highest level of comfort.