Home Stoves and fireplaces How to make a sound diagram of a word? What is sound analysis of a word? Printable Advice for Parents Complete Word Charts.

How to make a sound diagram of a word? What is sound analysis of a word? Printable Advice for Parents Complete Word Charts.

However, many children find it difficult to separate form from content; they get confused with symbols and forget the definitions of concepts. The fact is that in order to draw up diagrams, a student must be able to think abstractly and master the techniques of analysis. If these skills are not developed, the help of teachers and parents is required.

Is it a word or a sentence?

The diagram is a graphic model that, using symbols, displays the components of the whole and their interrelationships. From the first days of school, children learn that sentences are made up of words, and words are made up of sounds. Diagrams of words and sentences help to see this clearly.

However, these concepts are often mixed up in a child’s head. First-graders get confused in the symbols, drawing lines instead of colored squares. Explain to the child that a word is the name of a separate object, action, or characteristic. A sentence consists of several words connected to each other and conveys a complete thought.

Let the first grader determine whether he hears individual words or a sentence. Thus, the phrase “The crow is sitting on the fence” would be a sentence. Draw a diagram for it. If you say “crow, sit, fence”, then we are faced with just a set of words unrelated to each other. There is no need to draw a proposal diagram.

Syllable and stress

Having figured out the difference between a word and a sentence, you can move on to drawing up syllable patterns. Please note that there are different conventions in textbooks. Most often, a word is represented by a line or a rectangle, which is divided by vertical lines into the required number of syllables. The accent is indicated by a short oblique stick on top. In 1st grade, work on the sound composition begins with similar word schemes.

Students of philological universities are not always able to explain the division of words into syllables in the Russian language. The easiest way is to imagine that you are communicating with a person on the other side of the river. Shout the word loudly and drawn out. Sounds pronounced in one exhalation make up a syllable. The emphasis can be determined by placing your fists one on top of the other and placing your chin on top, but not tightly. When pronouncing a stressed syllable, the pressure of the jaw on the hands will be the strongest.

Children have the most problems at this stage. Meanwhile, it is the sound patterns of words that help children realize that spelling and pronunciation often do not coincide with each other. It is better to start training with simple words, gradually complicating the task. The first action is dividing the word into syllables.

The second stage is determining the quantity and quality of sounds. At first, use the hint sign. On it, as in the diagram, vowels are marked in red. Sounds from the top row are placed after hard consonants, from the bottom - after soft ones. Letters i, e, yu, e denote two sounds (y+a, y+o, y+y, y+e) if they are at the very beginning of words, after another vowel, and also after the “silent” letters ъ, ь.

Consonants can be hard (marked in blue on the diagram) or soft (colored in green pencil). When drawing a diagram, we analyze each syllable in turn. We represent a single sound as a square of the corresponding color. The fusion of a consonant with a vowel is a rectangle divided in half by a diagonal line. The lower part denotes a consonant, the upper part a vowel. After drawing a diagram, put stress and separate syllables

Composition of the word

Morphemic analysis of words is usually studied in 2nd grade, although some programs introduce it to first graders. The ability to find a root, prefix and other significant parts is very important for developing competent writing skills. Children draw new word patterns and remember generally accepted symbols.

This is not easy for all students. Learn a simple algorithm with your child:

Write the word.
Decline it according to cases or conjugate it according to persons and numbers. The ending letters changing at the same time will be the ending. The rest of the word is the base. Sometimes there is a null ending.
Choose as many related words as possible. Their common part is called the root.
The letters in front of it are a prefix.
There can be a suffix between the root and the ending. Or several suffixes, as in the word "teacher".
Graphically highlight all the parts in the word, redraw their symbols below or next to them. The result is a diagram.

Learning to think

Most often, schoolchildren's mistakes are associated with a formal approach. The lexical meaning of the word is not taken into account. Children try to find already familiar suffixes in the word (-chik- in the lexemes “ball”, “ray”), prefixes (-u- in the adjectives “morning”, “narrow”). To avoid this, children are taught to select words to match the indicated patterns. You can create such tasks yourself.

Draw a diagram of the word: root + suffix + ending. Which of the following lexemes are suitable for it: racer, raincoat, storekeeper, gristle? Which words have a zero ending, a prefix and a root: raid, tune, burbot?

Drawing up a word diagram is a rather difficult task for a primary school student. In order not to discourage your interest in studying with boring workouts, turn them into a game. Conduct lessons for dolls, organize competitions with prizes, and for correct answers, give a part of the picture that will need to be assembled in the end. Put in a little effort and it will definitely be rewarded.

How to make a sound diagram of a word?

Dear parents, at the stage of learning to read and write, children learn to create a sound pattern or, in other words, a model of a word. Help your child figure out how to create a sound model of a word.

I will give examples of sound schemes according to the “School of Russia” program. There, the symbols for different sounds differ in color.

So, let's refresh your memory of the phonetics knowledge you received at school.

There are six vowel sounds in the Russian language - [a], [o], [u], [s], [e], [i]

Consonants form pairs according to hardness-softness, and according to deafness-voicedness.

There are unpaired consonants.

The soft sign and the hard sign do not indicate sounds.

The letters Ya, Yo, Yu, E denote two sounds if they appear at the beginning of a word or after a vowel sound, and they denote one sound if they appear after a consonant.

In the table we see a letter and under it the sound or sounds that are denoted by this letter.

For example, the letter B denotes two sounds [b], [b"]. The letter Z stands for one sound [z].

Let's look at the compilation of a sound model of the word LETTER.

We divide the word into syllables: PI-SMO (you can see how to divide a word into syllables here http://ya-umni4ka.ru/?p=1742)

The first syllable is PI. This is a merger. The vowel sound [and] denotes the softness of the consonant. The first sound [p"] is a soft consonant, the second sound [i] is a vowel.

The second syllable is SMO. The first sound [s"] is a soft consonant. Next comes the merger - MO. The vowel sound [o] indicates the hardness of the consonant. The sound [m] is a hard consonant. The sound [o] is a vowel. We put emphasis.

The result is the following diagram:

The guys and I then do a transcription (as we hear the word).

[p"is"mo]

And then we write down the word: letter.

The vowel sounds that are in the top row of the tablet - a, o, u, y, e - indicate the hardness of the consonant sound.

The vowel letters i, е, е, yu come after a soft consonant, the sound [and] also denotes the softness of the consonant.

But it is necessary to remember that there are consonants that are always hard. They are indicated in the table only in blue: [g], [w], [c]. There are consonants that are always soft, they are indicated only in green: [ch"], [sch"], [th"].

Be careful when parsing words with iotized vowels.

Here is an example of parsing the word APPLE.

At the beginning of a word, iotated vowels indicate two sounds.

I hope that the article helped you understand a little about creating the sound diagram of a word.

In other programs there are simply different sound designations. There may not be squares, but circles. Hardness-softness is indicated differently. But you can figure it out by substituting the necessary notations.

Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he is faced with the problem when words are pronounced differently from how they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum will be discussed in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then this gradually grew into words that formed one language or another. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. This is how it arose

In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our spoken language is the presence of vowels. They are so named based on their main function - to transmit long-lasting sound with their voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, the word “south” has 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: “yuk”. A letter-sound analysis of a word should show what is different from the way we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts the word is divided into:

stick- there are 2 syllables because it has two vowels;
som - 1 syllable, since there is one vowel.

In addition, you need to know the features of letters such as e, ё, yu, ya. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:

Yo (y+o);
E (y+e);
Yu (y+y);
I (y+a).

This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:

after soft or hard signs ( pours, zealous);
after a vowel ( big, belt);
at the beginning of a word ( Yula, El).

Very often, when performing sound analysis (given below), children make mistakes precisely in parsing these vowels.

All the other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are studied in the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: stress or unstress.

Consonants

Before performing a sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are many more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.

Consonants have different characteristics:

Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m- solid). Others are the opposite: measure (m- soft).
Voicedness or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your palm on your larynx and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually in terms of sonority and deafness. For example: V(sound) - f(deaf) h(sound) - With(deaf).
Some consonants are pronounced as if “in the nose”. They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now you can create an algorithm that performs sound analysis of a word. The scheme is simple:

First, we divide the word into syllables.
Next, we write the letters that make it up in a column.
Now for each we select the appropriate sound.
We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
We count the number of sounds and letters.
If their numbers do not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let's give an example. Let's take the word "ceiling":

This word has three syllables: ceiling(3 vowels, therefore the corresponding number of syllables).
The letter P has a sound<П>. It is consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore dull. It is also hard and has a couple<Б>.
The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and has no accent.
The letter T has a sound<Т>. It is a consonant and is pronounced unvoiced. It is not softened and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of sonorities<Д>.
The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
The letter L stands for sound<Л>. It is consonant, has no softening - hard. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - sonorous. This sound has no pair.
The letter O has a sound<О>. It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
The letter K stands for sound<К>. Consonant, pronounced like a voiceless consonant, has a voicing pair<Г>, solid.
To summarize: this word has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

Sound word analysis for preschoolers is much simplified.

Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When learning reading and writing skills, children gain their first understanding of the difference between spoken and written language. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, have no sounds at all. But there are no words starting with the letter Y in the Russian language.

Letter-sound analysis of the word “blizzard”

We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. You just need to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problematic situation arises. For example, the word “blizzard”. Let's execute it:

Blizzard- two vowels, which means 2 syllables ( vue-ha).
The letter B has a sound<В’>. It is consonant, softened by “b”, paired - unvoiced<Ф’>, sonorous.
The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
The letter Yu has two sounds<Й>And<У>, since it comes after b. Both need to be described. So,<Й>- this is a consonant that is always soft and voiced; it has no pair.<У>- vowel, has an accent.
The letter G is a consonant and denotes a hard sound. Has a deaf pair<К>and is voiced.
Letter<А>has the same sound<А>. It is vowel and unstressed.
Let's summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called “iotated vowel”. In this case, the letter Yu, under the influence of b, split into two sounds.

Conclusion

Sound analysis is not difficult to perform if you know all the characteristics. You need to say the word out loud. This will help you record all sounds correctly. Afterwards, characterize them and summarize the phonetic analysis. And then success in this matter is guaranteed to you!

How to make a sound diagram of a word?

I will give examples of sound schemes according to the “School of Russia” program. There, the symbols for different sounds differ in color.

There are six vowel sounds in the Russian language - [a], [o], [u], [s], [e], [i]

Consonants form pairs according to hardness-softness, and according to deafness-voicedness.

There are unpaired consonants.

The soft sign and the hard sign do not indicate sounds.

The letters Ya, Yo, Yu, E denote two sounds if they appear at the beginning of a word or after a vowel sound, and they denote one sound if they appear after a consonant.

In the table we see a letter and under it the sound or sounds that are denoted by this letter.

For example, the letter B denotes two sounds [b], [b"]. The letter Z stands for one sound [z].

Let's look at the compilation of a sound model of the word LETTER.

Divide the word into syllables: PI-SMO (You can find out how many syllables (parts) a word has by looking at its vowel sounds.There are as many vowels in a word as there are syllables).

The first syllable is PI. This is a merger. The vowel sound [and] denotes the softness of the consonant. The first sound [p"] is a soft consonant, the second sound [i] is a vowel.

The result is the following diagram:

Then we make a transcription (how we hear the word).

We write down the word: letter.

The vowel sounds that are in the top row of the tablet - a, o, u, y, e - indicate the hardness of the consonant sound.

The vowel letters i, е, е, yu come after a soft consonant, the sound [and] also denotes the softness of the consonant.

But it is necessary to remember that there are consonants that are always hard. They are indicated in the table only in blue: [zh], [w], [ts]. There are consonants that are always soft, they are indicated only in green: [h"], [sch"], [th"].

Be careful when parsing words with iotized vowels.

Here is an example of parsing the word APPLE.

At the beginning of a word, iotated vowels indicate two sounds.

I hope that the article helped you understand a little about creating the sound diagram of a word.

Dear parents, be sure to help your child if he doesn’t succeed. Praise your child for the smallest successes, even if it doesn’t work out, praise him for correctly repeating after you and completing the task.

Olga Gordeeva

WHAT THIS IS SOUND ANALYSIS OF A WORD?

Sound analysis of a word is the determination of sounds in a word in order and their characteristics (vowel - consonant, voiced - deaf, soft hard)

Sound pattern of a word- this is a sequence of squares - symbols laid out in the same order as sounds in a word.

HOW TO DO WITH A CHILD SOUND WORD ANALYSIS?

Sound analysis performed by sequentially highlighting by voice sounds in a word and their characteristics.

Let's do it sound analysis of the word HOME:

ddd-ohm - first sound D - it is consonant, sonorous, hard - let's denote it with a blue square with a bell.

d – ooo – m - second sound O - he

vowel - let's denote it with a red square.

to –mmm - third the sound M is a consonant, sonorous, hard - let's denote it with a blue square with a bell.

IN the word HOUSE has 3 sounds, 2 consonants and 1 vowel.

Consonants sounds D and M.

Vowel O sound.

Let's call sounds in order: HOUSE.

Let's write word in letters:HOUSE

SOUND ANALYSIS OF THE WORD WHALE

kkyk - it - first sound Кь – consonant, deaf, soft, denoted by a green square.

IN the word whale has 3 sounds: 2 consonants and 1 vowel. Consonants Кь and Т. Vowel I. Let's call sounds in order K, I, T.

HINT FOR PARENTS.

Letters denoting voiced sounds:

M, B, G, D, N, V, F, L, R, Z, J.

Letters representing deaf people sounds:

P, K, X, T, F, Sh, S, Ch, Shch, C.

Voiced or voiceless sound children determine by placing their hand on their throat. If during utterance sound"throat is ringing" - ringing sound. If "doesn't ring"- deaf

Letters denoting always solid sounds: Sh, F, C.

Letters denoting always soft sounds: Shch, Ch, J.

The remaining letters can represent two sound hard and soft: T and T, P and P, K and K, D and D, etc.

Softness and hardness children sounds

determine by ear:

MEL – Is the sound soft?.

CHALK - sound l hard.

CAT - sound K hard.

KIT – soft sound.

Parents can check the following way:

If in a letter A, O, U, Y, E are written after a consonant, then it means a hard sound.

If the letters E, E, Yu, I are written after a consonant letter in a letter, then it means soft sound.

Sounds E,Yo,YU,YA – there is no such thing, these are vowels that indicate the softness of a consonant in writing.

Voiced consonants sounds at the end of words in speech they are deafened and replaced by paired deaf: D – T, G – K, B – P, F – W, V – F, G – S.

We write ICE - we say [FLIGHT]

We write KNIFE - we say [NOSH]

We write SNOW - we say [SNACK]

The letters E, E, Yu, I, standing in word after a consonant they denote accordingly E sounds, O, U, A.

All this must be taken into account when performing sound analysis of words.