home Heating installation How to make heating in the house with your own hands. Do-it-yourself heating of a private house: video, diagrams

How to make heating in the house with your own hands. Do-it-yourself heating of a private house: video, diagrams

The question of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. There are many specific subtleties in this work, which are known only to professionals in their field - designers and installers of heating systems. Not possible without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.

This article will give an idea to the novice home master about what cycle of work to be done.

Heating options

First you have to choose a heating system. And there are plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves according to the type of coolant:

Water heating system;
Steam heating system;
Air heating system;
Electric heating system.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Water heating

It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes in which hot water is located. The central element in this system is the boiler, where water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again and the process is repeated again.

All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas boilers.

Important! Gas boilers require regular checks and adjustments by the gas company.

Steam heating

Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, water is heated to a state of boiling and already in the form of steam it diverges along the highways to the radiators. Cooling, the steam turns back into water and goes back through the pipes to the heating boiler.

There are two types of steam systems:

open;
Closed.

In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is returned to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.

Steam heating is mainly used in industrial premises in large industries where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not become widespread due to the large areas for accommodating boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 ° it is also dangerous.

air heating

In a finished residential building, deploying equipment with your own hands to organize air heating is almost impossible. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.

A heat generator located at the lowest point of a steam heating system, such as a basement, heats the air. And already heated, it diverges through the air ducts through the premises of the house and exits through the grilles under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into the return ducts laid up to the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.

To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the air duct.

An example of air heating operation is shown in Fig:

The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. Gas can also be used - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled.

To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Specialists will calculate: what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size and build the correct topology of the heating network of the entire building.

Electric heating

Provided that there is a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and an electrical “warm floor” system will help maintain heat in the house.

Such a system does an excellent job of heating the house, but high electricity bills make you think about the economy of this method of heating.

But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this method of heating is quite in demand.

Mounted heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower zone at floor level is cold, and the upper zone under the ceiling is warm.

The electrical system of the "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:

Elements of the heating system

The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a cauldron, from which heat diverges through the veins (pipes) to the heating elements throughout the house.

This is, after all, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electric heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.

Electric heating can be organized in different ways:

Forced circulation of water;
Natural water circulation.

A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small minus - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.

Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. The circulation of water occurs due to the fact that at the outlet of the heating boiler and the inlet, the water temperature is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.

Systems are also divided into open and closed.

In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is placed to relieve excess pressure. As a rule, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a closed-type membrane tank is installed. It is small, airtight and can be mounted anywhere in the electrical system, thus avoiding the formation of air pockets.

Calculation of the system and selection of boiler power

Of course, managers in the store can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which this can be done quite independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of \u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 watts. Summing up the values obtained for all rooms, the required power of the heating devices is obtained.

If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
If there are 2 exterior walls and two windows, the area of the room is multiplied by 130W.

For a more accurate calculation, the formula is used:

W cat. \u003d (S * W sp.): 10
Where,

S is the area of the room;
W beats - specific power of the heater used per 10 m² of room area.

W beat is selected depending on the region.

For example, if the area of all heated premises is 100 m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.

Heat consumption for ventilation

The inflow of fresh air is very important for a comfortable stay in the house. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh indoor air is undoubtedly needed, but no less important is the speed with which cold air flows inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable living conditions become.

Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:

baths;
toilet;
Kitchens.

And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves in the living rooms (Fig.):

Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:

Air inflow.
Air flow.
Air extracts.

When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is carried out according to the project, then it must include a calculation for heat loss due to the entry of cold air masses into the room.

Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand for both heating the house and its ventilation.

Before choosing and buying a boiler for a heating system, You need to decide for yourself several parameters:

Most importantly, purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the whole house;
Choose a heating boiler that will constantly work on the selected type of fuel;
And the last thing - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.

For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating - single-circuit, and if it also gives hot water - double-circuit.

Solid fuel boilers

It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers either if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.

You can also install a solid fuel boiler with your own hands on solid fuel as a backup source of heat. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:

expansion tank;
Security groups;
More reliable pipes and radiators.

This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.

Such boilers are very reliable under a number of conditions:

The fuel for the boiler must match both in quality and moisture content.
Mandatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.

gas boilers

The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas mains, are gas boilers (). Its main advantage - with all its simplicity, is also ease of use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the desired temperature for the house, and the device will automatically maintain comfortable heat throughout the house.

At prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.

The price is affected by:

Manufacturer;
Power;
Boiler type.

But a big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

And the material from which the pipes and radiators of gas heating are made is completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for solid fuel boilers (coal, etc.).

Electric boilers

This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().

But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:

Large choice of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
Stability in work;
Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
Very easy to use;
Built-in circulation pump;
Supplied with expansion tank and temperature sensor;
Differ in reliability in work;
Inexpensive repair and maintenance.

At prices, electric boilers are comparable to gas ones.

Oil boilers

Most consumers are unaware that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:

Kerosene;
Light grades of oil;
Waste oils (including synthetic origin);
Fuel oil.

It is enough to change the burners for the desired type of fuel.

For reference! On sale there are universal liquid fuel boilers without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel fuel or for gas independently.

But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:

Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
Equipment acquisition and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave a place for the installation of a large-sized tank for storing fuel supplies.
In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners in the living quarters of the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
Since the burner needs the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, to organize uninterrupted operation, provide for the installation of a backup generator.
For the stable operation of oil-fired boilers, only good quality fuel is required.

For convenience, the table combines the estimated characteristics of heating boilers for different types of fuel:

Heating system diagrams

The water heating system can be organized into two types:

Single-circuit;
Dual circuit.

And according to the principle of movement of the system, there are:

Single pipe;
Two-pipe;
Collector;
Leningradskaya.

Single pipe

A single-pipe heating system is mounted in series - one radiator after another. From the scheme, a significant drawback of this system is immediately noticeable. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly enters the return line.

Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.

In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.

Conclusion! In single-pipe heating systems, it is impossible to extend the circuit indefinitely.

Two-pipe

In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator through one line of the pipeline, and through another pipe (waste water) it flows back into the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.

For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a single-pipe system.

Collector

The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.

To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.

But there are also disadvantages:

Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
Sensitive for the estimate, the consumption of pipes during the installation of the heating system.

Leningradskaya

A more advanced, single-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular.

Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. Such a system has the main feature - simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get by with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, in such a system it is possible to control each radiator in the system.

System installation

After the choice of the heating system has been made, the most correct step is to contact the design office. Having a project of work and drawings in hand, you can purchase and store the necessary materials, control and management devices, and components.

Installation begins with the choice of the installation location of the heating boiler. If combustion products are emitted during the operation of the boilers, the best solution would be to build a separate boiler room. It is possible to place a boiler room in the basement, subject to the arrangement of good ventilation and sound insulation.

The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that it always has free access for maintenance.

The floor and wall covering near the heating boiler must be made of refractory materials. Equipped with a chimney system from the boiler to the street.

The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:

Installation of a circulation pump;
Distribution collector node;
Measuring instruments;
Devices of manual or automatic adjustment.

After completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where radiators will be installed. In residential buildings, it will be necessary to make passages for pipelines in walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are interconnected by previously prepared elements.

Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Usually, the following conditions are observed during installation:

Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.

Shutoff valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the inlet and outlet of the radiators.

Completes installation work - pressure testing of the entire system.

Boiler connection

Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system according to the following scheme:

The pipe system laid around the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
As a rule, shut-off valves are installed at the joints that cut off from the common system.
For the operation of electrical appliances, wires and a ground loop are connected.
Installation of safety valves, temperature controllers and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
Filling the heating system with water.
Pressure testing of the system. At the same time, leaks in the system are detected and eliminated.
Depressurization in the pipes to the working one.

Important! When starting the gas boiler for the first time, the presence of a representative of the gas company is mandatory.

The modern building materials market offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.

Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why doom yourself in advance to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?

If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain installation difficulties. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.

The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be taken into account that the joints with the fittings are carried out by soldering, and if the heating of the connection is insufficient, this place will definitely leak. And when overheated, it is possible to overlap the internal section with molten material.

Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the fill floors when installing the "warm floor" system.

With a large selection of modern radiators, opting for traditional cast iron ones is at least not rational (). Due to low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.

Aluminum radiators

In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very light.

Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is greatly facilitated. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them from other heating devices:

High heat dissipation;
Lightweight design;
High working pressure (18 atm.);
Beautiful design.

Bimetal radiators

Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):

Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
Long service life (up to 20 years);
Beautiful design;
High level of heat transfer.

Steel panel radiators

The main advantage of steel radiators is their quick response to changes in coolant temperature.

They heat up instantly and cool down just as quickly. Such properties significantly affect energy saving.

A large area of stamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a finned surface increases the area of the heater. Such qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The decision to replace the entire heating system was finally made. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to solve the question - how much power can the radiators themselves produce?

It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Take, for example, a room with an area of 10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room, respectively, is 10x3 = 30 m³.

But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the regulations that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.

The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.

For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.

When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose a way to connect it to the main, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:

Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when mounting to risers. If the main pipes are laid under the floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.

It can be seen from the figure that these two connection methods allow the most productive use of the entire surface of the battery.

Finds its supporters and the lower versatile way to connect. It can be seen from the figure that with such a direction of hot water it is impossible to effectively heat the entire space of the radiator.

Errors during installation

Shortcomings and errors in installation work are not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:

Illiterate selection of a heat source;
Admitted shortcomings in the boiler circuit;
Incorrectly selected heating system;
Careless attitude of installers.

Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.

The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time power not only the heating system, but also organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with enough heat.

All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed according to their functional properties. For example, inserting a pump is recommended precisely on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.

With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you “hang” more than five radiators on a single-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.

Do-it-yourself installation flaws can be cited as examples of poor-quality slopes, unwelded connections, or the installation of improperly selected shut-off valves.

For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary faucet) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator. I had to change the heating system at the dacha - old cast-iron batteries and a Soviet boiler, for which details cannot be found even during the day with fire. But when they found out the cost of services for the replacement and modernization of thermal communications, they were in great shock. In the end, we decided to do everything on our own - albeit not so quickly, but you can save a good penny. Fortunately, we found this article, where all stages of work are described in great detail and with examples, many photos explaining. I especially liked the section “Errors during installation” - we learned a lot of useful things from the category of “what not to do”, otherwise we would have spent more time, nerves and money on redoing.

Thanks to the author for the detailed article. It can be safely used as a scientific guide for self-assembly of the heating system in your home. Thanks also for the many suggestions. They will help, especially for beginners. And I’ll add on my own that, in my opinion, the best option from the proposed ones is the installation of a gas boiler. After all, judge for yourself: it is relatively cheap, familiar and practical. However, the author or anyone else may disagree with me. I'm looking forward to other people's opinions on this.

Two years ago we just did heating in the house. In order not to be dependent on the stove, otherwise this cinder and smoke bother you, to be honest. We installed water heating with specialists. Pretty practical and power is not lost, not sprayed. The water is simply heated by the boiler and it diverges through pipes that are placed around the house, such as a battery. And they are already heating the house. Personally for us, this method seemed the simplest and most optimal.

A question arose with the replacement of heating in a private house, they decided to throw out the Soviet batteries and the boiler and replace it with a new one. Prices of course horror, fight in a terrible way. So I started searching the net for how to do everything right, since I came across you and got information on installing and installing the system. Everything is detailed and easy to understand. After reading it, it became more profitable for me to do it myself than to overpay 10 times more expensive for some smart guy who can do it just like me.

We have prepared for you an overview of the main heating schemes for private houses, comparative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each system. Consider the gravitational and forced systems for moving the coolant, one-pipe and two-pipe wiring diagrams, embedding underfloor heating in the heating system.

Heating system schemes are very diverse. Moreover, the choice of one of them should be made based on the design and size of the house, the number of heating elements, depending on the power supply.

Systems that differ in the way they circulate

In a system with natural circulation, the movement of the coolant is based on the action of gravity, which is why they are also called gravity or gravity. The density of hot water is lower, and it rises up, displaced by cold water, which enters the boiler, is heated and the cycle is repeated. Forced circulation - in systems using pumping equipment.

Gravity system

The gravity system does not come out cheaper, as developers expect. On the contrary, as a rule, it costs 2 or even 3 times more than the forced one. This scheme requires pipes of a larger diameter. For its operation, slopes are required, and for the boiler to stand below the radiators, i.e., installation in a pit or basement is required. And even during normal operation of the system, the battery on the second floor is always hotter than on the first. To balance this imbalance, measures are required that make the system much more expensive:

bypass device (additional material and welding work);
balancing cranes on the second floor.

For a building with three floors, this system is poorly suited. The movement of the coolant is “lazy”, as the masters say. For a two-story house, it works when the second floor is full, the same as the first, plus there is an attic. An expansion tank is installed in the attic, to which the main riser, preferably strictly vertical, is supplied from the boiler, installed in a deep pit or in the basement. If in some places you have to bend the riser, this worsens the work of gravity.

From the main riser, horizontal pipelines (beds) are bred with a slope, from which the risers are lowered, going into the return line, which returns to the boiler.

Gravity heating: 1 - boiler; 2 - expansion tank; 3 - feed slope; 4 - radiators; 5 - return slope

Gravity systems are good in buildings like a Russian hut and in one-story modern cottages. Although the cost of the system will be more expensive, but it does not depend on the availability of power sources.

When the house is attic, the installation of an expansion tank causes a placement problem - it has to be mounted directly in the living room. If the house is not permanently inhabited, then the coolant is not water, but a non-freezing liquid, the vapors of which will fall directly into the residential area. To avoid this, you can take the tank to the roof, which will lead to additional expenses, or you need to close the top of the tank tightly and lead the vent pipe from the cover outside the living space.

Forced system

The forced circulation system is distinguished by the presence of injection equipment, and is now very widespread. Among the disadvantages of the method, one can note the dependence on power supply, which is solved by purchasing a generator for autonomous power supply when the network is turned off. Of the advantages, it should be noted greater adjustability, reliability and the ability, in some cases, to save money on organizing heating.

Pump connection: 1 - boiler; 2 - filter; 3 - circulation pump; 4 - taps

Various connection schemes for pressure heating systems

For forced circulation systems, there are several connection schemes. Consider the advantages, disadvantages and recommendations of the masters for choosing a scheme for various buildings and systems.

One-pipe system ("Leningradka")

The so-called Leningradka is complex in calculations and difficult to implement.

Single-pipe pressure heating system: 1 - boiler; 2 - security group; 3 - radiators; 4 - needle valve; 5 - expansion tank; 6 - drain; 7 - plumbing; 8 - filter; 9 - pump; 10 - ball valves

With such a system, the filling of the radiator is reduced, which reduces the speed of movement of the medium in the battery and increases the temperature difference to 20 ° C (the water has time to cool down). When installing radiators in series in a single-pipe circuit, there is a large difference in coolant temperatures between the first and all subsequent radiators. If there are 10 or more batteries in the system, then water cooled to 40-45 ° C enters the last one. To compensate for the lack of heat dissipation, all radiators, except for the first one, must have a large heat transfer area. That is, if we take the first radiator as a standard of 100% power, then the area of the subsequent ones should be larger by 10%, 15%, 20%, etc., to compensate for the cooling of the coolant. It is difficult to predict and calculate the required area without experience in performing such work, and leading, ultimately, to a rise in the cost of the system.

With the classic Leningradka, the radiators are connected from the main pipe Ø 40 mm with a bypass Ø 16 mm. In this case, the coolant after the radiator returns to the line. A big mistake is to connect the radiators not in transit, but directly from the radiator to the radiator. This is the cheapest way to assemble a piping system: short lengths of pipes and fittings, 2 pieces per battery. However, with such a system, half of the radiators are barely warm and do not provide sufficient heat transfer. Reason: there is no mixing of the coolant after the radiator with the main pipeline. The way out: an increase (significant) in the area of \u200b\u200bradiators and installing a powerful pump.

Two-pipe collector (beam) heating wiring diagram

It is a comb, from which two pipes extend to each radiator. It is advisable to install the comb at an equidistant distance from all radiators, in the center of the house. Otherwise, with a significant difference in the length of the pipes to the batteries, the system will be unbalanced. This will require balancing (tuning) with cranes, which is quite difficult to perform. In addition, the system pump in this case must be of greater power in order to compensate for the increased resistance of the balancing valves on the radiators.

Collector scheme: 1 - boiler; 2 - expansion tank; 3 - supply manifold; 4 - heating radiators; 5 - return manifold; 6 - pump

The second disadvantage of the collector system is the large number of pipes.

The third drawback: pipes are not laid along the walls, but across the premises.

Benefits of the scheme:

lack of connections in the floor;
all pipes of the same diameter, most often - 16 mm;
the connection scheme is the simplest of all.

Two-pipe shoulder (dead-end) system

If the house is small (no more than two floors, with a total area of up to 200 m 2 ), it makes no sense to build a ride. The coolant will reach and so on to each radiator. It is highly desirable to think over and install the boiler in such a way that the “shoulders” - separate heating branches, are approximately the same in length and have approximately the same heat transfer capacity. At the same time, up to the tees that divide the flow into two arms, pipes Ø 26 mm are enough, after the tees - Ø 20 mm, and on the line to the last radiator in the row and taps to each radiator - Ø 16 mm. Tees are selected corresponding to the diameters of the connected pipes. Such a change in diameters is a balancing of the system, which does not require adjustment of each radiator separately.

The difference in connecting dead-end and passing circuits

Additional advantages of the system:

minimum number of pipes;
laying pipes around the perimeter of the premises.

Joints "sewn" into the floor must be made of cross-linked polyethylene or metal-plastic (metal-polymer pipes). It's a tried and tested design.

Two-pipe associated system (Tichelmann loop)

This is a system that does not have to be adjusted after installation. This is achieved due to the fact that all radiators are in the same hydraulic conditions: the sum of the lengths of all pipes (supply + return) to each radiator is the same.

The connection scheme of one heating loop: single-level (at the same static height), with equal power radiators, is very simple and reliable. The supply line (except for the supply to the last radiator) is made of pipes Ø 26 mm, the return pipeline (except for the outlet from the first battery) is also made of pipes Ø 26 mm. The rest of the pipes are Ø 16 mm. The system also includes:

balancing taps, if the batteries differ in power from each other;
ball valves if the batteries are the same.

The Tichelman loop is somewhat more expensive than the collector and dead end systems. It is desirable to design such a system if the number of radiators exceeds 10 pcs. For a smaller number, you can choose a dead-end system, but subject to the possibility of a balanced separation of the "shoulders".

When choosing this scheme, you need to pay attention to the possibility of laying pipes around the perimeter of the house so as not to cross doorways. Otherwise, the pipe will have to be turned 180 °, leading it back along the heating system. Thus, in some areas, not two pipes, but three will be laid nearby. Such a system is sometimes referred to as a "three-pipe". In this case, the ride becomes unnecessarily expensive, cumbersome, and it is worth considering other heating schemes, for example, dividing it into several "shoulders" of the dead-end system.

Connection to the heating system of water heated floors

Most often, underfloor heating is an addition to the main heating system, but sometimes they are the only heaters. If the heat generator for underfloor heating and radiators is the same boiler, then piping on the floor is best done on the return line, on the cooled coolant. If the floor heating system is powered by a separate heat generator, you need to set the temperature according to the recommendations for the selected floor heating.

The connection of this system goes through a collector, which consists of two parts. The first is equipped with valve control inserts, the other part is equipped with rotameters - that is, coolant flow meters. Rotameters are available in two types: with installation on the supply and on the return. Masters advise: if during installation you forgot which rotameter you bought, navigate in the direction of flow - the fluid supply should always go “under the saddle”, opening the valve, and not closing it.

Connection of underfloor heating on the return: 1 - ball valves; 2 - check valve; 3 - three-way mixer; 4 - circulation pump; 5 - bypass valve; 6 - collector; 7 - to the boiler

When planning a heating system in your home, you need to weigh the pros and cons of each scheme in relation to the design of the house itself.

It's no secret that warmth and comfort in every home is provided by a high-quality heating system. Residents of apartment buildings who rely entirely on public service workers do not deal much with this issue. The heat in their apartments is mainly provided by centralized heating. The heating system in a private house is often mounted by hand. Today, several methods and schemes for heating houses are used, but the most popular is the water heating system.

Heating in private homes is an expensive procedure. The cost of an autonomous heating system, in addition to the cost of materials and installation, is affected by the type of fuel that will be used to heat the room. Fuel consumption for heating in a private house is determined by the material and design of its walls, the total volume of the room and the mode of operation of the house.

Types of fuel for heating systems

Gas is one of the easiest and cheapest options. Heating a house with gas, subject to high-quality installation of the entire heating system, allows you to automate all heating processes.

Solid fuel today is used only where it is not possible to install an electric or gas boiler.

Firewood, coal, coke, pellets are traditional solid fuels. They are used when there is no gas pipeline in the settlement. The disadvantage of this method of heating in a private house is the impossibility or complexity of automating the technological process (stove heating). You can use a solid fuel boiler, which will increase the time between fuel fillings from 7 hours (normal boiler) to 5 days (pellet boiler).
The most expensive type of energy carrier, but also the most convenient in urban conditions, is electricity. This is an environmentally friendly type of fuel for equipping a do-it-yourself heating system for private houses. The electric boiler is quite easy to operate. When using electricity, it is not necessary to equip and maintain a chimney, supply and ventilation ducts and a furnace.
Liquid fuels (for example, diesel or heating oil) are used in areas where there is no gas pipeline, forest, peat and coal deposits. A liquid fuel boiler is economical and has a high efficiency (up to 89%).

The essence of heating in a private house with your own hands

Heating, installed by hand, is based on the goal of warming its inhabitants.

For the operation of each heating system, an energy source is needed, which is converted into heat using a boiler.

The heating cycle consists in the fact that the heat heats the coolant, which circulates in the heating circuit closed to the boiler. Thus, it enters through pipes to the end devices for heating the house (radiators, batteries, underfloor heating, heating coils of boilers). Having given them heat, the coolant cools down and returns to the boiler through the return pipe, where it heats up again.
Very often, circulation pumps are connected to the heating systems of private houses, which forcibly move the coolant. To solve the issue of hot water supply, the system may include boilers for heating water.

Proper installation of the circulation pump is the key to the good operation of the entire heating system.

To install a heating system in your home, you will need the following materials and devices:

pipes;
boiler;
expansion tank;
heating devices;
boiler;
circulation pump or several pumps;
fitting;
Ball Valves;
machine for welding polypropylene pipes.

Types of heating appliances and pipes

Pig-iron sectional radiators are distinguished by their durability and the ability to work at high pressure in the heating network (up to 16 atm). The disadvantages include bulkiness, clumsiness and the possibility of depressurization of the joints between the sections. The heat transfer power is quite low.
Bimetal sectional radiators consist of light alloy sections with integrated stainless steel channels. They are durable, practical and neat. Their working pressure is increased to 25 atm.

Aluminum radiators have high thermal conductivity.

Aluminum sectional radiators consist of light-alloy sections without reinforcement of channels with steel. Operating pressure in the heating network up to 16 At.
Steel panel radiators are non-separable welding structures with a decorative coating that have a high heat transfer. The disadvantage is the low working pressure (up to 10 atm). For this reason, the range of their application is narrowing. For example, steel panel radiators cannot be used in high-rise buildings on the lower floors.
Convectors are heat carrier pipes with applied fins. They are designed for the same pressure as the base pipes.
Pipelines for supplying coolant to heating devices can be made of polymeric materials, steel water and gas pipes and copper pipes. It should be noted that steel pipes cannot be used for concealed connections to radiators. During installation, it is not allowed to connect copper pipes with aluminum sectional radiators.
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The heating system of private houses using a coolant is of two types: with natural circulation and with forced circulation.

Description of the heating scheme with natural circulation

The operation of the heating system with natural circulation is based on the natural movement of the coolant through the pipes, which, giving off the accumulated heat, heats the room. The coolant moves due to the difference in its density in the heated and cold states, as well as the relative position of the heating radiators and the boiler.

A supply riser goes up from the boiler, through which the hot coolant is supplied to the upper distribution pipeline (collector). Then it goes down the risers to the heaters (batteries), passes through them, giving off heat. At the bottom, the cooled coolant is collected in the return pipe and returned to the boiler. The expansion tank is located above the supply riser. It serves to receive additional volume, which the coolant acquires when heated and air is removed. If we make such a heating system with our own hands, some recommendations should be taken into account:

you need to install a boiler with a power reserve;
it is desirable to carry out thermal insulation of the supply riser to improve the circulation of the coolant;
the heating boiler is easier to locate in the basement or in the pit, which will also improve circulation;
for the riser, distribution pipeline and return pipes, large diameter pipes must be used and it is imperative to install them with a slope in the direction of the coolant;
to improve the aesthetic appearance of the heating system, an expansion tank and a distribution manifold can be placed in the attic, having previously insulated them;
the heating system will last longer if the coolant is not drained from it for the summer.

The heating system of private houses with natural circulation is easy to maintain and non-volatile, but it is not suitable for heating houses with a large area, it does not have a high enough efficiency, and open piping looks unaesthetic.

Description of the heating scheme with forced circulation

A do-it-yourself forced circulation heating system is used provided that the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet does not provide sufficient efficiency to the coolant. Such a heating system is based on the action of a circulation pump, which forcibly moves the coolant in the right direction and overcomes the resistance in the pipes without heat loss. Thanks to this device, it is possible to heat houses with a large number of rooms, different heights, with an extensive network of pipes and radiators. The advantages of this heating system include the possibility of independent temperature control in each room and the use of smaller diameter pipes during installation, which will save money. Disadvantages - the energy dependence of the pump on electricity and the production of little noise during operation.
Recommendations for installing a system with forced circulation:

expansion tank and circulation pump are connected to the return pipeline;
wiring pipes of smaller diameter will reduce the volume of circulating fluid and installation costs;
the boiler must be modern with automatic temperature control.

The forced circulation heating system of private houses is very efficient, as the rooms heat up quickly. Systems with natural circulation can be easily converted, you need to install an expansion tank and a circulation pump in the return line.
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The heating system - both with natural and forced circulation - is single-pipe (horizontal and vertical) and two-pipe (horizontal, vertical with top wiring and vertical with bottom wiring).

Single pipe heating systems

Scheme of a single-pipe heating system with lower wiring and U-shaped risers: 1 - supply line, 2 - heater, 3 - three-way valve, 4 - air outlet, 5 - control valve, 6 - return line.

A do-it-yourself single-pipe horizontal heating system is often used for houses of short length and with a total area of up to 100 sq.m. It is the simplest and most economical. Installation features are that one pipe is laid along the perimeter of the house. Heating elements and other components crash into it in the right places. The coolant from the main riser, being distributed between the horizontal risers, passes sequentially through all the radiators. Then it cools and returns through the return pipe to the boiler.
A single-pipe horizontal system can be with trailing sections. Each heating element is equipped with a valve to remove air. The temperature of the radiators is regulated by special valves. It is mounted at the beginning of the system for each floor of the house.
When using vertical single-pipe systems, the coolant first enters the upper floor and is distributed in the radiators that are located there. Further along the supply risers, it gradually enters the heating devices in the lower floors of the house. Such a scheme has a drawback - this is an uneven heating of the heating elements on the lower and upper floors.

Two-pipe heating systems

Two-pipe vertical water heating system with top wiring: 1 - supply line, 2 - supply riser, 3 - return line riser, 4 - control valve.

In a two-pipe heating system, two pipes are mounted - supply and return. Accordingly, the heating elements crash into both pipes. Such a home heating system provides more uniform heating of the radiators.
Two-pipe horizontal systems are dead-end, direct-flow and collector. They are used in one-story houses with a free layout with a minimum number of partitions.
Do-it-yourself installation of a dead-end heating system implies that the direct and return coolant will move in opposite directions. In this system, the length of the circulation rings is different, which depends on the distance between the heating element and the boiler. The closer the radiators are to the main riser, the better they will warm up.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to design the heating of a private house in such a way as to reduce the length of the mains; instead of one long circuit, make two or more short circuits with the same hydraulic resistance. As a result, the sum of the hydraulic resistances of all circuits should correspond (or be slightly less) to the value of the circulation pressure.

Two-pipe vertical water heating system with bottom wiring: 1 - supply line, 2 - supply riser, 3 - return line riser, 4 - taps at appliances, 5 - heaters, 6 - air outlet, 7 - return line.

When using direct-flow systems, the directions of the direct and return coolant coincide. Since the circulation rings have the same length, the heating of the coolant will be uniform in all radiators. Since the installation of this system requires additional pipe consumption, it is used when it is impossible to link the circulation rings in a dead-end heating system.
The collector heating system of the house implies an individual connection of each radiator from the collector, which contributes to uniform heating of the heating elements. Pipes are hidden in the floor structure, and collectors are installed in the center of the house in wall niches or placed in collector cabinets. In order to be able to disconnect some radiators from circulation, it is possible to supply each outlet of the collector with its own shutoff valves (ball valves).
A necessary condition for the normal operation of the system is the use of a circulation pump, which will reduce the temperature difference of the coolant at the inlet and outlet. The system will become simpler, more compact and more efficient. The disadvantage of the collector heating method is the large length of the pipes.
Features of the installation of heating of private houses with upper wiring are that the main pipelines are located above the radiators (under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic). The expansion tank is also installed in the attic. The heat carrier circulates upwards from the heating boiler with the help of a pump and flows through the risers to the heating elements. Having given off heat, it enters the return pipeline, which is installed above the floor of the lower floor or in the basement.
Do-it-yourself lower wiring has a number of features: the supply and return pipelines are mounted in the floor or above the floor of the lower floor; the coolant enters each radiator independently; mandatory installation of valves on the upper radiators to bleed air from the system.
Its advantages are good system regulation, the ability to turn off each radiator, the possibility of gradually putting the system into operation as the building is being built, the absence of risers and a supply pipe on the top floor.
The comfortable living of its inhabitants depends on a high-quality project and installation of a heating system with their own hands. It is necessary to take into account the fact that too high and too low room temperatures are equally unpleasant. Now an important role for interior design is played by the type of heating elements and the presence of visible sections of heating pipes.
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Before installing a heating system with your own hands, consult with professionals in this matter. Carefully thought-out home heating, a properly selected boiler and heating appliances will ensure a comfortable stay in your home in any weather.

If you need to create or upgrade heating in a private house, then it is better to first spend an hour or two studying the issue, collecting expert opinions, and in particular, reading this material - consider the most common situations and time-tested solutions.

Knowing the subject is the key to success. Even if the heating in the house will not be done independently, then it is better for the owner to speak their language with outside installers. It will be easier to control the correctness and budget of the process, it will be possible to purchase materials on your own, which means significant savings. Therefore, it is beneficial to study how the heating system is made.

How heating works

For an ordinary residential building, in the vast majority of cases, a water system with forced circulation of fluid is used. The coolant moves through the pipes under the influence of the pump, heats the radiators, from which the air is heated. Energy is generated in the boiler.

Everything that does not correspond to this is called “rarity”, and experts also call it “wildness”, so much it will be inferior in terms of consumer qualities for residents of a house of a regular area of 70 - 500 square meters.

What does it consist of

In heating, a number of components and assemblies are always used, which are worth learning more about.

A boiler is a heat generator that burns fuel and heats water (heat carrier).
Circulation pump - can not only be installed separately, but is also part of an automated boiler, like some other elements. Drives the coolant through the pipes.
Pipes - modern plastic, metal-plastic products are used, they are selected by diameter.
Radiators - transfer energy to the air.
An expansion tank is a mandatory element, it maintains a stable pressure during the thermal expansion of water. Protects the system from crash.
Safety group - can be part of the boiler or separately, includes a safety valve, automatic air vent, pressure gauge. Must be installed in any closed system.
The cleaning filter is a small mandatory element.

This is the bare minimum of a conventional system. If it is correctly mounted, for which fittings and taps are used, then heating will begin to heat the house.

Additional elements of the system

Ball valves - two operating modes "opened-closed".
Balancing valves - similar to ordinary taps - fine-tuning the system.
Three-way breath valves are automatic flow regulators.
Thermal heads are devices that control valves depending on temperature and manual settings.
Mayevsky cranes are manual air vents for air release.

What to drown

First of all, the owners are concerned about the question - how to heat the house. Each area has its own priorities.

Many houses are now heated by natural gas from the mains. It is a cheap and convenient type of fuel. If there is a gas pipe, then there is nothing to think about, you need to connect and install a gas boiler.
But it is also often possible to find heating with wood in solid fuel boilers. It is cheap in most regions. But not convenient. To simplify the combustion process, the system is supplemented with a buffer tank, or, worse, with complex, not the best in quality, devices - long-burning boilers.
Coal is replacing firewood in some coal regions where it is cheap.
Pellets - "automated firewood", more convenient, but expensive.
Electricity is slowly replacing firewood, as it is very convenient, and at a nightly rate it is tolerable in price. But at the daily rate - too expensive.

It is advisable to thermally insulate the floor, and organize heating with a warm floor.

After these events, if they are properly performed, the house will be warm ...

Learn more about heating

Heating in the house is done in the following sequence.

A decision is made on the scheme for connecting heating devices, their placement points and, accordingly, the location of the pipelines will be determined. The power of the equipment and other technical parameters are determined (a project is being drawn up! ...)
A place for the boiler is selected and the boiler is installed, possibly according to the project of gasification of the house, possibly in connection with the binding of the natural draft chimney.
The boiler is piping - the pipeline and the mandatory equipment that ensures its operation and the entire system are installed.
Radiators are distributed and installed in rooms in accordance with the required heating power for each room. This question can be found
A pipeline is being laid, radiators and a boiler with their own piping are connected.
The system is filled with coolant and tested.

We tie the boiler

Automated boilers, as a rule, contain in their housing both a pump and a safety group, and sometimes an expansion tank. All their piping consists in installing shut-off valves.

For a solid fuel boiler, a pump, an expansion tank, a safety group, temperature control are installed, and automation and control units are also possible.

In complex systems, all this is supplemented by a hydraulic arrow (or the circuit of the primary ring) with additional pumps on each branch, and it is also possible to install a buffer tank, and install a hot water boiler.

In the simplest version, a solid fuel boiler must be properly tied -

Elements that occur in complex systems

Old systems do not apply

It was mentioned that in the modern view, the coolant should move under the influence of the pump. Everything that flows by gravity is an anachronism, not practical, not functional, and twice as expensive.

Also, according to modern ideas, a heating system should be two-pipe, and a single-pipe one is expensive both to create and operate, bulky and not providing ... Its price is catching up due to the large diameter of pipes and fittings, and the ring scheme creates both laying difficulties and difficulty in ensuring the same temperature radiators.

Choose a scheme - one of three

How heating is combined with design

Now more and more people are trying to remove not only the pipes under the floor, but also the radiators themselves. Floor convectors are installed, although more expensive, but they do not clutter up the interior. The presence of heating with them will be reminded by a decorative grille under the window sills, under the front doors ...

An intermediate option is more practical in operation - hide the pipes under the floor, leave radiators with a bottom connection on the walls - the pipes come out of the floor under the radiators.

At the same time, the wiring under the floor can be according to any scheme, but the cheapest and most practical is the dead-end with branches with thinner pipes from the main. Under the floor, it is allowed to install compression fittings on metal-plastic pipes. Often the connection of radiators is combined with the wiring of a warm floor in one space.

Select pipes and radiators

The cheapest option and easily performed independently is the installation of a system of polypropylene pipes .... But it cannot be recommended. He is also the most unreliable. This is due to the impossibility of ensuring the standard quality of the connection and the nominal clearance of pipes in welded joints.

You can argue about the selection of radiators for a long time ... but any that you meet in a store are suitable for a private house.
You need to connect and install radiators according to the rules ...

Installation

Now it's up to the small thing - to put together all the elements that were designed. By the way, of course it is better to use a ready-made heating project, if any ....

And if this is known, then the heating system should work properly ... It remains

Living in your home on earth provides a number of advantages, including the possibility of installing a heating system that operates offline. Properly selected and installed heating distribution in a private house allows you to organize fast, uniform heating of all rooms. Control of fuel consumption, calculated according to weather conditions, reduces heating costs.

In practice, several proven heating schemes are used, which differ in the type of circulation of the coolant (most often water), as well as in the method of wiring the main pipes. In most residential buildings, a single-pipe, two-pipe, beam or "Leningrad" heating system is being installed. Each wiring diagram for heating a private house has its own characteristics, which are paid attention to when designing engineering communications.

Ways of water circulation in heating systems

The movement of fluid along a closed circuit (contours) can occur in a natural or forced mode. The water heated by the heating boiler rushes to the batteries. This part of the heating circuit is called the forward stroke (current). Once in the batteries, the coolant cools down and is sent back to the boiler for heating. This interval of the closed route is called reverse (current). To accelerate the circulation of the coolant along the circuit, special circulation pumps are used, cut into the pipeline on the "return". Models of heating boilers are produced, the design of which provides for the presence of such a pump.

Natural circulation of the coolant

The movement of water in the system goes by gravity. This is possible due to the physical effect that occurs when the density of water changes. Hot water has a lower density. The liquid going in the reverse direction has a high density, and therefore easily displaces the water that has already heated up in the boiler. The hot coolant rushes up the riser, and then is distributed along horizontal lines, drawn at a slight slope of no more than 3-5 degrees. The presence of a slope and allows the movement of fluid through the pipes by gravity.

The heating scheme, based on the natural circulation of the coolant, is the simplest, and therefore it is easy to implement in practice. In addition, in this case, no other communications are required. However, this option is suitable only for private houses of a small area, since the length of the circuit is limited to 30 meters. The disadvantages include the need to install pipes of larger diameter, as well as low pressure in the system.

Scheme of an autonomous heating system for a house with natural circulation of water (coolant). The pipeline is laid at a slope of no more than 5 degrees

Forced coolant circulation

In autonomous heating (coolant) in a closed circuit, a circulation pump is mandatory, which provides an accelerated flow of heated water to the batteries, and cooled water to the heater. The movement of water is possible due to the pressure difference that occurs between the direct and reverse flow of the coolant.

When installing this system, it is not required to observe the slope of the pipeline. This is an advantage, but a significant drawback lies in the energy dependence of such a heating system. Therefore, in the event of a power outage in a private house, there must be a generator (mini-power plant) that will ensure the functioning of the heating system in an emergency.

Scheme of the organization of the heating system of the house, in which the circulation of the coolant is provided by a circulation pump cut into the return current pipeline

A scheme with forced circulation of water as a heat carrier can be used when installing heating in a house of any size. In this case, a pump of suitable power is selected and its uninterrupted power supply is ensured.

Single pipe wiring diagram

In a heating system of this type, the heated coolant flows sequentially through all radiators, while giving off part of the thermal energy to the devices. This scheme is preferred to choose if a small budget is allocated for the installation of a space heating system. After all, for laying you will need a minimum number of pipes, as well as related consumables.

It is impossible not to point out a number of shortcomings characteristic of a single-pipe heating system with an upper wiring, namely:

the inability to implement separate regulation of the level of heat transfer for each individual radiator;
decrease in the amount of heat given off by the batteries into the room as they move away from the heating boiler.

"" the heating circuit is designed to solve the problem of independent adjustment of the heat transfer level of each individual battery. In a single-pipe system, water flows through all installed radiators in series. Installing shut-off valves for each battery and installing a bypass (bypass pipe) allows the coolant to circulate when a heater is cut off.

The single-pipe wiring of the Leningradka heating system makes it possible to turn off individual radiators using shut-off valves, while the movement of the coolant continues through the bypass pipe

Options for a two-pipe system

The main difference between heating a private house is the connection of each battery to the mains of both direct and reverse current, which doubles the consumption of pipes. But the owner of the house has the opportunity to regulate the level of heat transfer of each individual heater. As a result, it is possible to provide a different temperature microclimate in the rooms.

When installing a vertical two-pipe heating system, the lower, as well as the upper, heating wiring diagram from the boiler is applicable. Now in more detail about each of them.

Vertical system with bottom wiring

Set it up like this:

From the heating boiler, a supply main pipeline is launched along the floor of the lower floor of the house or through the basement.
Further, risers are launched from the main pipe, which ensure that the coolant enters the batteries.
A return current pipe departs from each battery, which takes the cooled coolant back to the boiler.

When designing the lower wiring of an autonomous heating system, the need for constant removal of air from the pipeline is taken into account. This requirement is met by installing an air pipe, as well as installing an expansion tank, using Mayevsky taps on all radiators located on the top floor of the house.

Scheme of a two-pipe autonomous water heating system for a house with a lower wiring. The coolant will rise up the vertical risers from the central pipe

Vertical system with top wiring

In this scheme, the coolant from the boiler is supplied to the attic through the main pipeline or under the very ceiling of the upper floor. Then the water (coolant) goes down through several risers, passes through all the batteries, and returns back to the heating boiler through the main pipeline.

To periodically remove air bubbles in this system, install. This version of the heating device is much more effective than the previous method with lower piping, since higher pressure is created in the risers and radiators.

Scheme of a two-pipe autonomous heating system for a house with an upper wiring. The coolant moves up the central riser, and then goes down, passing through all installed radiators

Horizontal heating system - three main types

The device of a horizontal two-pipe autonomous heating system with forced circulation is the most common option for heating a private house. In this case, one of three schemes is used:

Dead end circuit (A). The advantage is the low consumption of pipes. The disadvantage lies in the large length of the circulation circuit of the radiator farthest from the boiler. This greatly complicates the adjustment of the system.
Scheme with associated water advancement (B). Due to the equal length of all circulation circuits, it is easier to adjust the system. When implementing, a large number of pipes will be required, which increase the cost of work, and also spoil the interior of the house with their appearance.
Scheme with collector (beam) distribution (B). Since each radiator is connected separately to the central manifold, it is very easy to ensure uniform distribution of all rooms. In practice, the installation of heating according to this scheme is the most expensive due to the high consumption of materials. Pipes are hidden in a concrete screed, which at times increases the attractiveness of the interior. The beam (collector) scheme for distributing heating on the floor is becoming increasingly popular among individual developers.

This is how it looks like:

Three schemes for installing a horizontal two-pipe autonomous heating system, which are most often used in the construction of low-rise buildings and private cottages

Which wiring diagram for heating circuits is better

It is impossible to say unequivocally about the superiority of any one wiring scheme over others - it all depends on the number of floors, the presence of basements and the roof structure. One of the most common cases is a one-story house with a steep hip or gable roof. Regardless of whether there is a basement under the building, the best option is to arrange heating according to a two-pipe scheme with vertical risers. In this case, the wiring can be both lower and upper. The latter is preferable to use if the boiler is mounted on the ground floor, which is typical for buildings that do not have a basement.

Now consider the previous example of a house, but replace the steep roof with a flat one. The wiring is best done in a horizontal way, placing the boiler in the basement. By the way, statistics show that for one-story buildings, a flat roof is used relatively rarely, while almost all of them are equipped with basements.

For two-story and multi-story buildings, both single-pipe and two-pipe heating circuits with vertical risers are allowed. In this case, you can use the top or bottom wiring. Only horizontal installation of supply branches is not allowed. In general, almost any option, regardless of the type and design of the roof.

When choosing a typical wiring diagram, it is necessary to take into account many factors, ranging from the area of \u200b\u200bthe house to the materials used in its construction. It is better to resolve such issues with specialists in order to eliminate the possibility of error. After all, we are talking about heating the house, the main condition for comfortable living in private housing.