How heat is regulated by the meter. How to put meters for heating in an apartment: installation of individual appliances

The design of the heating system in multi-storey, multi-apartment buildings is carried out by special design organizations, which in their design work are guided by such regulatory documents as GOSTs, OSTs, TUs, SNIPs and sanitary standards.

According to the requirements of some of them, the temperature in residential premises must be stable within twenty to twenty-two degrees Celsius. And the relative humidity of the air is 40-30%. Only if such parameters are observed, it is possible to provide comfortable living conditions for people.

The design and adjustment is based on the choice of coolant, which is determined by a number of factors, including accessibility and the ability to connect the heating system of housing construction to it in the area where the object is located.

Types of adjustment of heating systems

Adjustment of the heating system of an apartment building can be carried out by using pipes of various diameters in the system. As is known, the passage velocity and pressure of liquid and vapor in a pipeline depend on the diameter of the pipe opening. This allows you to adjust the pressure in the system by combining pipes with different diameters with each other.

Pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are usually placed at the entrance to the basement of houses.

This is the maximum pipe diameter used in the heating system. In entrance halls, pipes with a diameter of 76-50 mm are used for heat distribution. The choice depends on the size of the building. Installation of risers is made from pipes with a diameter of 20 mm. The trailers of the "beds" are closed with ball valves with a diameter of 32 mm, which are usually installed at a distance of 30 cm from the extreme riser.

However, such a building does not effectively equalize the flexible pressure in the system. Thus, the temperature in the living quarters of the upper floors drops noticeably. Therefore, a hydraulic heating system is used, which includes circulation vacuum pumps and automatic pressure control systems.

Their installation is carried out in the collector of each building. At the same time, the scheme of distributing the heat carrier along the entrances and floors is changing.

When the number of storeys of housing construction is higher than two floors, the use of a pumping system for water circulation is mandatory. Adjustment of the heating system of multi-apartment buildings is most often carried out by vertical water heating systems, which are called single-pipe.

Disadvantages of a single pipe system

The disadvantages include the fact that with such a system it is impossible to account for heat consumption in each apartment. And, therefore, to make an individual calculation of payment for the actual consumption of thermal energy. In addition, with such a system it is difficult to maintain the same air temperature in all residential areas of the building.

That is why other apartment heating systems are used, which are arranged differently and provide for thermal energy in each apartment.

Currently, there are various systems of apartment heating. However, so far they are arranged in multi-storey buildings extremely rarely. This is due to a number of reasons. In particular, with the fact that such systems have low hydraulic and thermal stability.

Most often in multi-storey, residential buildings, the so-called central heating is used.

The heat carrier with such heating comes to housing construction from the city CHP.

In recent years, autonomous heating has been used in the construction of new residential buildings. With this method of individual heating, the boiler room is installed directly in the basement or attic of a high-rise building. In turn, heating systems are divided into open and closed. The first provide for the division of hot water supply for residents for heating and other needs, and in the other - only for heating.

Requirements for adjusting the heating system

Requirements for heating systems are determined by project documentation. The heating system of an apartment building is adjusted in accordance with the parameters defined by this documentation. It does not have any special complexity. Heating systems are equipped with thermostats on radiators, as well as heat meters, balancing valves, both automatic and manual.

Adjustment does not require the use of a special tool.

Produced directly by residents. All other adjustments are made by the personnel operating the system.

When a brand new country house has already been built and all the necessary communications, in particular, the pipeline system, are connected, it is still too early to talk about the complete readiness of the building for operation ....

If air accumulates in the heating system, it can become an obstacle to its normal operation. This problem most often occurs in residents of apartments and houses ...

The heat meter is multifunctional microprocessor a device programmed to calculate the amount of heat.

According to energy saving standards, such devices should stand not only at central thermal power plants, but also in every house with central heating.

Why is a heat meter needed and how does it work in an apartment building?

To control the quality of heating services heat meters are used. If the batteries were not hot enough, then you would not have to pay the full cost for heating your home.

Taking into account the constant growth of utility tariffs, an individual meter help you save a lot. At thermal power plants, such devices have long been installed to control the quality of services.

Multi-apartment buildings were also required to have heat meters to encourage energy-saving measures. Installing a heat meter allows you to check how well the coolant is supplied to the house, to detect and eliminate possible losses from incorrect laying and wear of the heating main.

Varieties of heat meters according to the principle of operation

General heat meters that are installed on houses with centralized heating is large-sized expensive appliances. They have a wide diameter for inlet and outlet pipes ( from 32 to 300 mm), as they pass through a large amount of coolant. Acquisition and installation is carried out at the expense of the residents of the house, and the testimony is controlled either by a responsible person appointed by the residents themselves, or by a representative of the public utilities.

Individual counters the price is much lower. They are designed for less bandwidth(no more 3 cubic meters per hour) and therefore much more compact.

Such devices can mounted both for the entire apartment (with a horizontal heating system), and for each battery separately (if there are several vertical risers).

In new residential complexes, apartment heat meters are often installed at the construction stage.

Any thermometer is equipped with computing module, temperature and flow sensors. But according to the principle of measuring the amount of consumed coolant, the meter can be next type:

• electromagnetic;
• mechanical;
• ultrasonic;
• vortex.

For each type of device has its advantages and disadvantages associated with design features.

electromagnetic

The measuring principle is based on electromagnetic induction. The device is hydrodynamic generator. From the influence of a magnetic field in water, an electric current is excited, the amount of heat is determined by the field strength and the potential difference on oppositely charged electrodes. Because of high sensitivity heat meter requires very high quality installation and regular maintenance. Without periodic cleaning, an error in the readings appears in the direction of increase.

Photo 1. Electromagnetic heat meter Fort-04 with 2 flange flow meters from the manufacturer Termo-Fort.

The heat meter may react to electronic devices nearby. Possesses great precision accounting in many ways. Works both mains and batteries. Most compact type of thermometer. Recommended for installation with increased system pressure. Installation is possible at any angle, but subject to the constant presence of a coolant in the installation area.

Reference. If pipe diameter heating and meter flange does not match, then it is allowed to use adapters.

Mechanical

The flow meter in such a device rotary type(vane, turbine or screw). The principle of operation is similar to that of a water meter, but in addition to the quantity, the temperature of the water passing through the mechanism is also taken into account. The advantages of this type appliances as follows:

• low cost;
• non-volatile (powered by batteries);
• lack of electrical elements (allows installation in adverse conditions);
• Possibility of vertical mounting.

A little increases the cost instrument obligatory installation of a strainer, without which the internal mechanism quickly clogs and wears out. Due to the impossibility of using with high rigidity and contamination of the coolant with rust, mechanical meters can only be installed as individual meters.

to essential shortcomings applies to lack of information storage per day, and impossibility of remote reading data. In addition, the device is very sensitive to water hammer, and the pressure loss in the heating system is higher than that of other types of models.

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Ultrasonic: can measure and adjust

The measurement is being taken using ultrasound. Depending on the flow rate of the coolant, the time of passage of the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter, installed on one side of the pipe, to the receiver, located opposite, changes. device does not affect the hydraulic pressure in the system. If the coolant is clean, then measurement accuracy is very high, A service life is almost infinite. With contaminated water or pipes, the error of the heat meter data increases.

Photo 2. Ultrasonic heat meter ENKONT with a primary flow converter made of stainless steel, manufactured by ACC Electronics LLC.

Great information content such a counter, and the instrument readings can be read remotely. But you will have to spend money on UPS, since the device only works from the mains. There are models with additional control function water supply through two different channels. This allows you to change the speed of the coolant and the degree of heating of the radiators. Due to their reliability, ultrasonic devices are widely used, despite the high cost.

Vortex

The principle of operation is due to a physical phenomenon vortex formation when water meets an obstacle. Engaged permanent magnet, which is placed outside the pipe, triangular prism, mounted vertically in a pipe and measuring electrode, a little further in the direction of the coolant.

Flowing around a prism, water forms eddies(pulsating changes in flow pressure). According to the frequency of their formation, information is displayed on the volume of the coolant that has passed through the pipe.

The advantage of this type of thermometer is independence from pollution pipes and water. This allows you to accurately measure the temperature in old houses with worn-out iron heating wiring.

Can be installed on both vertical and horizontal pipes. The operation of the device is affected only by sudden changes in the flow rate of the coolant and large particles of debris or air in the system. Energy consumption instrument minimum And one battery will last for years. Indications and fault signals are transmitted remotely by radio.

Accounting for the required amount of heat in the apartment

The amount of heat is calculated using a heat meter. The program works according to the algorithm, which the following factors influence:

• type of coolant in the system (steam or liquid);
• type heating systems(closed or open);
• structure system for dissipating heat.

The calculation is relative, since it is formed from many individual quantities and at every stage inevitably arise errors (normally up to ±4%). The principle of measurement is based on the fact that when passing through the heating system, the coolant gives off heat to the premises, it is this that is considered consumed by the consumer.

Quantity is measured heat in Gcal/h (gigacalories per hour) when the mass of the coolant that has passed through the device is taken for the product, or in kWh (kilowatts per hour), if the volume was fixed. For the following formulas:

Q=Qm×k×(t1-t2)×t (Gcal/h) or Q=V×k×(t1-t2) (in kWh).

Qm- mass in tons,

t1- inlet temperature

t2- outlet temperature

V- volume in cubic meters,

T- time in hours

K- thermal coefficient according to GOST,

Q- the amount of heat supplied to the premises.

Basic requirements for apartment appliances

The main requirements for heat meters are legislative norms. The brand of the device must be present in the register of admissible in the field of commerce. Government approval required metrology. Installation of heat meters is carried out only by licensed companies.

Heat / Heat meters and accounting

Everyone who paid monthly rent noticed that over time, the payment becomes more and more. The Public Chamber cites the following figures: in the cost structure of one family, payment for housing and communal services 10 years ago was 3% of total income, now it is an average of 11% to 20%.

Undoubtedly, this is a very high threshold for the poor Russian population. And it will become even higher with the start of the new heating season of 2012-2013, after another, this time twofold, increase in utility tariffs. Especially when you consider that payments for heat will no longer be distributed throughout the year.

Under the current conditions, the question “What to do?” will certainly arise. We will try to analyze the situation and find ways to solve the problem.

Installing a heat meter: is it worth thinking about it at all?

According to FinExpertiza, in 2007-2011, the accumulated inflation rate was 63%, while utility tariffs increased by 117%. Those. the increase in rent payments is 1.8 times ahead of inflation. The level of income growth of the population, according to the same study, it exceeds by 1.9 times.

Moreover, this average picture hides dozens of regions where utility tariffs were more than twice as high as inflation. Thus, in Moscow, prices for housing and communal services increased by 141%, which exceeded inflation by 2.2 times, and the growth in household income by 3.5 times. In the Leningrad region, the growth of utility tariffs outpaced the rise in prices by 2.2 times, and the growth in incomes of the population - by 2.4 times. And so it is in almost all regions of the country.

Since September 1, 2012 in Moscow, for the second time this year, the tariffs for utilities - heat and water - have increased. The maximum increase is 6%, the same tariffs were added in July. That is, in total, in 2012, tariffs increased by 12%. Other regions are next.

In the near future, Russians are waiting for another test: an experiment on the introduction of so-called "social norms" for the consumption of utilities, which will start in 2013 in 15 regions of the country. Those who consume electricity, water and heat more than the established norm will be forced to pay a double rate.

But given the current deplorable state of communal systems and housing stock, with the extremely low level of its energy efficiency that exists today, according to the Deputy Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation Vladimir Kogan, 70% of Russians fall into this category.

Heat meter installation: problems

The constant increase in tariffs and the introduction of "social norms" for the consumption of utilities lead to the need to save. However, if the mechanism of this saving for water and electricity is known and worked out over the years even of the Soviet past, then with heat, in the current state of heat supply systems, this is difficult.

Historically, it so happened that the operation of heating systems in our country has always been centrally controlled. This means that the supply of hot water to heating networks and its temperature are regulated somewhere at heat sources (in CHPPs, boiler houses, central heating stations).

At the same time, “average for the hospital” indicators are taken into account, that is, the task is to heat the largest and most distant buildings from the source, while for other houses the heating regime may turn out to be excessive.

Intra-house heating systems are built exactly according to the same principle: the mode of heat distribution throughout the house is static and cannot be changed. It is these features that determine the so-called consumption standards, in accordance with which payments for heat are calculated.

The real needs of specific people for heat are not taken into account in any way in this scheme. This means that from the point of view of consumers (homeowners, housing associations, housing cooperatives, etc.), there is a problem of temperature discomfort in residential premises. In the past, it could only be solved by frequent ventilation, which leads to useless heat losses and increased heating bills.

Installing a heat meter: technology and sequence of steps

To eliminate heat losses and create a favorable microclimate in apartments, it is advisable to modernize the heating system. “If financial opportunities are limited, it is not necessary to do everything at once. Reconstruction can be divided into several stages, but it is important to remember that in order to obtain the greatest economic effect and the fastest payback, it must be brought to its logical conclusion.

The main stages are the installation of an automated heating unit, balancing the heating system along the risers, as well as equipping heating devices with automatic radiator thermostats. The last “chord” is the transition to apartment heat metering,” recommends Anton Belov, Deputy Director of the Thermal Department at Danfoss, a manufacturer of energy-saving equipment for heating systems. As experience shows, such a reconstruction pays off in an average of 2-4 years.

So, the modernization of the heating system includes:

• introduction of controlled heat consumption technologies;
• transition to apartment heat metering.

Installation of heat meters and introduction of controlled heat consumption

The concept of controlled heat consumption assumes that residents independently determine their need for heat: each heater is equipped with an automatic radiator thermostat, with which you can set the most comfortable individual heating mode for a particular room.

By changing the settings of the thermostats, the inhabitants of the house change the mode of operation of the heating system. This principle is currently applied in the construction of new residential areas.

The thermal unit of a modern house is an automated complex of energy-saving equipment that controls and adjusts the heat supply to the building (automated individual heating point). At the same time, the adjustment of the heat supply mode of the house is carried out both depending on changes in weather conditions (weather compensation) and depending on changes in domestic consumption, i.e. the heating unit automatically reduces the heat supply if the inhabitants reduce its consumption with the help of thermostats.

In order for the heat to be distributed evenly throughout the house and to exclude situations where overheating is observed in the near risers, and at the same time the heat supply is insufficient in the distant risers, an automatic balancing valve is installed on each of them.

Accordingly, at all levels of the district heating system, there is a constant optimization of the coolant consumption - it is released exactly as much as the city, district, house or its individual resident needs at a given time. This means that as a result, you have to pay less for heat, since it is not supplied in excess.

Installation of heat meters and apartment accounting

The regulated consumption scheme will be brought to its logical conclusion at the moment when individual heat meters appear in each apartment. Then each person will be able to feel the fruits of his personal heat savings, and not the "average for the hospital", as is the case today.

True, there are still some difficulties that need to be dealt with. Consider an example: you use automatic radiator thermostats in your apartment, which means you can control your heat consumption. However, you cannot control your heating costs: as much as indicated on the bill, you have to pay so much. And this situation causes obvious bewilderment, especially if you paid for the installation of thermostats out of your own pocket: it turns out that you are deprived of the opportunity to recoup your personal investments in energy saving.

When distributing payments according to the scheme adopted today, i.e. in proportion to the area of ​​​​occupied apartments, it turns out that your personal savings will be “smeared” among all the residents of the house, and in return you will receive a part of someone's inflated consumption. That is, you give your savings to a common pool, from which those who do not want to save also benefit.

This example proves that it is necessary not only to regulate the consumed heat, but also to count it. However, everything is not so simple here either. Individual apartment heat meters can only be installed in houses with a horizontal floor-by-floor heating system, when each apartment has a single heat input from a common riser in the hall.

All heating devices in the apartment are connected to this input, and a heat meter is also installed on it. However, in our country, such houses began to be built relatively recently, and even then they are mainly elite housing.

Factors limiting the installation of heat meters in each apartment

Most typical Russian houses use a vertical riser heating system. Everyone knows how it works: the risers leading to the heating appliances pass right through the rooms. This excludes the possibility of installing one common heat meter for the entire apartment, i.е. they are supposed to be mounted on each radiator. But this is not possible for a number of reasons:

High price. Installing several heat meters in an apartment is too expensive (each device costs about 8-12 thousand rubles);

The fundamental impossibility of accurate measurements. The measurement accuracy of individual heat meters is not sufficient for measuring on a single radiator: the temperature difference at its inlet and outlet is sometimes too small for the device to record it at all.

Difficulties in taking readings. The limited access of public utilities to the personal apartments of residents makes it difficult to go through all the rooms in each apartment on a monthly basis to take readings from all meters.

Service difficulty. Maintaining metering devices and monitoring the correct operation of them will also not be easy.

Heat metering using distributed temperature sensors

To solve the problem, Danfoss engineers have developed an alternative heat metering technology that can be used in homes with any distribution of the heating system. “On the surface of each heating device, without cutting into the pipe, an electronic distributor is attached with a temperature sensor that measures the surface temperature of the radiator,” explains Anton Belov. - If you equip all the heating devices in the house with such devices, then, knowing the power of these devices, by the dynamics of changes in their surface temperature during the month, you can calculate the share of each radiator in the total heat consumption of the house for the month. It remains to take the value of this consumption, which is given to us by the general house heat meter in the basement, and divide it among all radiators in accordance with their shares.

For such a system to function, it is necessary to install distributors for heating devices in at least half of the apartments in the house, and in order to minimize errors, they must be installed in 75% of the apartments. That is, those owners who do not want to pay for heating by the meter can pay according to the old scheme. It is also easy to isolate the cost of heating common areas from the total volume: in accordance with Russian standards for the design of residential buildings, they account for approximately 35% of total consumption.

It is also convenient that data is collected from the recorders automatically over the radio channel, and then the data is transmitted via the Internet directly to a computer in the EIRC.

In December 2010, the system was certified in the Russian GOST R system and entered into the Register of Measuring Instruments. The cost of the INDIV-AMR system in terms of one apartment is approximately equal to the cost of one "classic" individual heat meter (8-12 thousand rubles). Thus, the use of distribution meters of the INDIV-AMR system is beneficial both in terms of price and ease of use.

The effect of installing heat meters - distributors

The tests carried out have shown that it is possible today to implement a scheme for apartment heat metering in any house, without any restrictions. Including in houses with horizontal wiring, as it often turns out to be easier from a technical point of view. Naturally, in addition to all the above measures, the house must be well insulated, but insulation alone is not enough to save money, because. there is no automatic reduction in heat consumption.

On the contrary, insulation without automation of the heating system will only increase thermal discomfort, because. the supply of heat to the premises will not be reduced, and its leakage will decrease. As a result, residents will be forced to ventilate their apartments more intensively to get rid of excess heat, and as a result, the picture will not change.

The effect of thermal insulation is achievable only in conjunction with the automation of the heating point and the modernization of the internal heating system. “In a normally insulated house, the installation of an automated heating unit will give approximately 15-25% heat savings, balancing the heating system along the risers - 5-10%, and equipping heaters with automatic radiator thermostats and switching to apartment heat metering - another 10-15% in addition to all this.

Thus, in total, it is possible to reduce heating costs by 30-50%, that is, almost twice. Look at your monthly rent bills, calculate this amount, multiply by the number of apartments in the house, then by 12 months - and you will get the result. Can you imagine how much more you can do with this money? - explains Anton Belov.

Why are many now thinking about installing a heat meter in their apartment? For the simple reason that payment for consumed heat has now become almost the most significant part of family expenses. If you do not know yet, we hasten to enlighten you: if the heat meter is installed correctly, the heating bill can be reduced by 25-50 percent!

We would very much like the visitors of our site to also have the opportunity to ease their financial burden, which is why we decided to tell you how to install your own heat meter in an apartment while living in an apartment building. However, any business is made easier if there is an understanding of its essence. Therefore, we want to preface the description of the device installation process with some general information about it.

How does a heat meter work and what can it do

If you install an individual heat meter, you can use it to determine the value of the following parameters:

• duration of operation of devices;
• average daily and average hourly temperature of the coolant;
• the amount of heat energy consumed in the apartment;
• the volume of the coolant entering the apartment and outgoing from it;
• the volume of coolant required to feed the system.

The most important thing for users is that, having decided to install a heat meter, they get the opportunity to register really the amount of heat consumed in the apartment. The device is able to provide this, thanks to the temperature sensors included in its composition.

The very same determination of the amount of heat consumed is made by a special calculator that receives information about the flow rate of the coolant, as well as the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the apartment heating system. After processing the received information, the heat meter displays the final information on the screen. The error of instrument readings does not exceed 6%.

How to install your own apartment heat meter

If you have already understood that a heat meter can really reduce your heating costs and if you decide to install it, you are not at all obliged to contact any specialized office. You can easily do this with your own hands, having previously received all the permits for the installation and having prepared everything necessary for the work:

• the heat meter itself;
• connecting kit, which necessarily includes a check valve;
• heat-conducting paste;
• filter and collets;
• a set of special taps equipped with heat sensors;
• if your pipes are metal - an adjustable wrench, if they are metal-plastic - a welding device.

When everything is ready, the heat meter is installed in the following order:

• during installation, it is necessary to act in such a way that there is always water in the cavity of the device and that the direction of the arrow on the body coincides with the direction of movement of the coolant. Modern models can be installed in pipeline branches oriented in any direction;
• before starting work, make sure that there is no pressure or coolant in the system;
• install ball valves incorporating heat sensors;
• when mounting the heat meter meter, be especially careful not to damage it;
• one of the thermal converters included in the set should be installed in the cavity of the measuring cartridge, the second one - in the sleeve, after coating its surface with heat-conducting paste;
• Finally, install the heat meter heat exchanger so that it covers two thirds of the pipe.

After performing the work, the elements of the heat meter must be sealed by a representative of the heat supply company. This will allow you to begin the legal operation of this meter.

General characteristics and price of the most popular models of heat meters

Now the choice of a heat meter is quite large. However, the most popular and popular models include:

• Heat meters brand Elf. The convenience of these devices lies in the possibility of remote reading of information from them. However, their belonging to the mechanical type results in the need to replace them every 5 years. The cost of these devices is about 7 thousand rubles.
• Heat meters type ST-10. They are able to measure not only thermal, but also electrical energy, as well as keep records of water. Prices for these devices start from 8700 rubles.
• The Russian ENKONT ultrasonic heat meter is capable of accounting for the heat energy consumed by two independent circuits at once. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the accuracy of its readings is largely due to the purity of the coolant. The prices for these devices exceed 76 thousand rubles.
• The Russian electromagnetic heat meter MAGIKA has a digital interface and is able to work with several flow meters and thermal converters at once. The device requires special care during installation work. It can cost 36 thousand rubles or more.

According to experts and ordinary users, the ST-10 device is considered optimal, which is distinguished by high-quality stable operation and high affordability.

So, we have put into your hands that golden key that opens up access to significant savings. Use it or not, install a heat meter or continue to pay on invoices - it's up to you!

Setting the parameters of the heat meter for a specific scheme of the metering unit is carried out in the order of the points in this section. The heat meter can simultaneously work with several independent metering units (up to 4). All parameters must be configured separately for each metering unit.

7.3.1 Accounting scheme settings.

To select an accounting scheme, you must:

1. Select the type of accounting scheme from the list:

− Not available;

− Flowmeters;

− dead end;

− Closed;

− Open;

− Source.

2. Indicate which of the coolant costs are involved in the formula for calculating the amount of thermal energy. Possible options for each type of metering scheme are given above in Table 10 "Formulas for calculating heat energy".

These parameters (“type of accounting scheme” and “participation of consumption in the formula”) in the MKTS menu have the designations “ SchemeUch" And " G1 account in Q», « G2 account in Q», « G3 account in Q"respectively. The menu structure of the heat meter is described in detail below.

The features of all accounting schemes are given in the previous sections, except for the “None” type. This type can be set for a metering node that has become unnecessary if this CU is not the last one in a row. For example, if it is necessary to turn off the 1st control unit from work, leaving the second one to work. To disable the last metering node, it is preferable to simply reduce the number of metering nodes (see below).

For metering stations of the "None" type, no parameters will be measured and recorded.

7.3.2 CU settings for measuring modules.

For each of the four measuring modules (IM1 ... IM4), you must set the following parameters:

1. Select type of measuring module(menu heading: " Type") from the list:

"No", "M121", "M021", "M021 + PRI", "PRI".

Possible selection options for each type of accounting scheme and IM number are presented in Table 11 “Selecting the type of IM for different accounting schemes”.

2. Enter network address(menu heading: " Address”), coinciding with the serial number of the IM (except for the IM of the PRI type).

3. Enter nominal diameter(menu heading: " Doo”) in millimeters (only for MIs with a flow transducer).

4. Specify type of pulse input IM: active or passive (heading in the menu:

« Act.Imp"). For DP with a passive output ("turntable"), you should use an active input (setting "Yes"), otherwise – passive input (setting "No"). If the IM pulse input is not used, the parameter setting does not need to be done.

7.3.3 Control parameters for thermal energy calculation

To control the conditions for calculating thermal energy, enter the following parameters:

1. Enable or disable the synchronization mode of the M and Q integrators(menu heading: " Sync. M and Q») . If the integrators are synchronized, then, when the integration of thermal energy Q is stopped for any reason, the integrators of the masses of pipelines, the coolant flow through which is involved in the calculation of the amount of heat, are also stopped (for additional pipelines, the synchronization mode does not matter). If the integrators are not synchronized, then when the integrator Q stops, the mass integrators can continue to accumulate (in the absence of errors). The synchronization mode should be enabled if, for example, when preparing reports, it will be necessary to recalculate the heat consumption parameters based on the actual temperature of the cold water.

2. Choose a reaction to the situation Δt< Δtmin (menu heading: " dt ”), where Δt = t1 – t2, (Δt = t1 – txv – for a dead-end metering scheme); Δtmin - the minimum allowable temperature difference, from the options: "ERROR", "No error".

3. Enter Δtmin value(menu heading: " dtmin”) – only if the response to Δt< Δtmin – ОШИБКА.

4. Choose a reaction to the situation W< 0 ( menu heading: W<0 » ), where W - thermal power, from the options: "ERROR", "No error".

If during the operation of the heat meter any of the listed situations occurs and the reaction to it is set as "ERROR", then the accumulation of the integrator of the amount of heat and the corresponding operating time is stopped. In this case, an error message is written to the event archive.

If a situation occurs, the reaction to which is set as "No error", then the accumulation of the integrator continues, and the corresponding event is not recorded.

7.3.4 Settings for metering station channels.

For each of the channels of the metering unit (GV1, t1, P1, GV2, ... txv, Pxv), you must set the following parameters (from the complete list of parameters below, only a part is configured for a particular channel, depending on the type of metering unit, type of measuring channel and how to measure it):

1. Select measurement channel(menu heading: " Channel"). For more details, see

section "Configuring the channels of the metering unit". In addition to the valid measurement channels, the selection list contains the “Program” option. It should be used when a suitable transducer, such as a pressure sensor, is not available. With this choice, the programmable value (constant) is taken as the measurement result in this channel.

2. For the case when the value in the channel of the metering unit is programmed (for the measuring channel, the “Program” option is selected), it is necessary enter This programmable value(menu heading: " Significant”), which will be used as the measurement result in this channel.

3. For the metering unit "Flowmeters" it is necessary select the type of measured medium(menu heading: " Medium type”) from the options: “Water”, “Liquid”, “Gas”, “Electric Energy”, “Other”. (For electromagnetic flowmeters, the choice is limited to "Water" and "Liquid").

4. For the case when the type of the selected measuring channel is “Gi”, and the type of the measured medium is “Water”, “Liquid” or “Gas”, it is necessary enter impulse weight in liters per impulse (heading in the menu: " Liter/imp"). For the measured medium "ElEnergy" it is necessary to enter the number of pulses per kWh (heading in the menu:

« Imp/kWh"). For other types of media, the pulse weight must be entered (heading in the menu: " imp weight»).

5. For medium type "Liquid" it is necessary enter its density in kilograms per cubic meter (menu heading: " Density, kg/m3"). If the type of the selected measuring channel is “Gi”, the setting of such a channel ends here.

6. Enter contractual value in case of hardware error measurements (malfunction in the measuring circuits, or lack of communication with the measuring module).

Corresponding heading in the menu: " DgvError". If such a value is not entered (the menu indicates " No”), then if this error occurs, the measurement result in the channel is considered undefined and an error entry is made in the event archive. The value of all calculated parameters depending on this channel (mass flow and thermal power) also becomes undefined, and the corresponding integrators and operating times stop for a period until this error is eliminated. If the contractual value is set (the menu indicates " Yes” and a number called the contractual value is entered), then, in the event of a hardware measurement error, the entered contractual value will be used as the measurement result in this channel, and the calculation of all parameters of the metering unit will continue, as if there was no measurement error.

It is recommended to use the contractual value in case of a hardware error for pressure measurement channels, so that in case of their failure, the heat meter continues to calculate and accumulate heat energy (the influence of pressure on the calculation of heat consumption parameters is very insignificant).

7. Enter the minimum allowed valueMinimum»).

8. Enter the contractual value if the measurement result is less than the minimum permissible value(for a flow channel with reverse enabled, if the absolute value of the measurement result is less than the minimum allowable value, see the figure below). Menu heading: DgwMin» . This parameter has the same effect as the contractual value for a hardware measurement error.

9. Enter the maximum allowable value for the measurement result (title in the menu: " Max»).

10. Enter the contractual value if the measurement result is greater than the maximum permissible value(menu heading: " DgvMax») . The effect of this parameter is similar to the previous contractual values.

11. Enter limit(maximum in absolute value) allowed reverse value for the measurement result (title in the menu: " PreRev»).

If this value is equal to zero, then flow reversal is disabled and the value of the measurement result is compared only with the minimum and maximum allowable values. If a negative allowable reverse value is entered, then the flow reverse is enabled and the flow rate will be monitored for going beyond this value (see figure below). The parameter is configured only for the flow channel.

12. Enter the contractual value if the measured value is less than the limit value for the reversed value(menu heading: " DgvRev») . The effect of this parameter is similar to the previous contractual values. The parameter is configured only for a flow channel with flow reversal enabled .

13. Enable or disable the empty pipe sensor(menu heading: " DPT»).

It may be necessary to turn off the empty pipe sensor (DPT) if it malfunctions. The parameter is configured only for the flow channel.

14. Enter response to empty pipe sensor readings(only for flow measurement channel with DCT enabled; menu heading: “ EmptyTr") from the list:

"ERROR", "No error".

If the empty pipe sensor is triggered during the operation of the heat meter, and the reaction to this situation is set as "ERROR", then the accumulation of the integrators of mass, heat quantity and the corresponding operating times is stopped. Also, an error message is written to the event archive. Otherwise, when the empty pipe sensor is triggered, the reading of the flow measurement channel in the corresponding pipeline is reset to zero.

If there are contractual minimum and maximum values, for any channel of the metering unit (including a flow channel with a prohibited reverse), the indication of this channel (the value used for all calculations and for displaying on the display), depending on the measured value, has the form:

Fig27. Dependence of the channel indication on the measured value at the entered minimum and maximum contractual values.

where − Xmeas is the measurement result in the channel, obtained from the measuring transducer of flow, pressure, temperature;

− Xcalc – value used for further calculations and display on the display (heat meter reading for the given channel);

− Min, Max – allowable minimum and maximum values ​​for the channel;

− Dgv.min, Dgv.max – contractual values ​​used when the measured value exceeds the minimum and maximum values.

For a flow channel with reverse enabled, the relationship between the measured value and the heat meter reading will be as follows:

Fig28. Dependence of the indication of the flow channel with reversal allowed on the measured value at the entered contractual values.

7.3.5 Starting the account of integrators.

At the time of changing the values ​​of any setting parameters of the metering unit, in order to exclude cases of work with obviously incorrect settings, the heat meter switches to the "Integrator account stop" mode for this metering unit. At the same time, the readings in all channels of the metering unit continue to be calculated, but the summation of the integrators of mass, volume, thermal energy and operating time stops. Therefore, after completing all the settings, it is necessary to start the account of integrators (see the command " Let the account go!» in the description of the heat meter menu).

When the power supply of the heat meter is turned on, it automatically restores the state of the integrators' account.