How to assemble heating in a private house. How to make heating in a private house - a detailed guide

The organization of the heating system in a private house is not an easy task. In this work, you can not do without professional specialists in this field.

However, they can be involved at different stages of the work. Hired workers can complete the work of organizing heating or do only a specific stage of work. You can also seek expert advice.

Regardless of whether you are doing heating work yourself or hiring workers, you definitely need to know all the stages and nuances of the process. Consider how to organize home heating with your own hands.

Elements of the heating system

In country houses it is better to make water heating. This method is considered traditional. Heat is supplied to the house with the help of a heat carrier, which can be heated by various energy carriers.

Such a system includes the following components:

• heating system devices;
• heat source;
• pipeline network.

If you do not have the time and opportunity to deal with heating on your own, then contact the GWDE Engineering Company. Specialists in the installation of engineering systems will qualitatively perform their work and give a guarantee for it up to 7 years.

Full-fledged work is impossible without such equipment as:

• expansion tank;
• buffer capacity;
• circulation pump;
• distribution manifold;
• automation devices;
• hydraulic separator;
• heating boiler.

It is important that an expansion tank is an essential piece of equipment for a water heating system. Everything else is installed if required.

heating boiler

To date, it will not be difficult to choose and buy a heating boiler. There is a wide range of different models on the market. They differ only in the type of fuel used, as well as in the energy carrier.

For private houses, you can use the following types of devices:

• gas;
• on liquid fuel;
• solid fuel;
• electrical.

Heating scheme in a private house

At this stage, it is better to seek help from professionals. They will make the right plan. Since it is not easy to make a heating scheme.

There are two types of heating:

• Single-pipe, in which all radiators are connected to one collector.
• Two-pipe, in the process of which two pipes are involved. One goes to supply, and the second to return heat.

Two-pipe heating, among experts, is considered the most reliable system. At the same time, the costs are much less than for a single-pipe type.

Heating installation

Before starting work, you need to decide on the place where the boiler will be located. If its power is not higher than 60 kW, then it can be placed in the kitchen space.

In other cases, you need to prepare a separate room, which should be well ventilated. It is also necessary to make a chimney through which combustion products will exit.

Consider in the photo of home heating how the boiler connection system is arranged.

Purchase and installation of pipes

There is a wide range of pipes for heating on the market. Each owner chooses the type of pipes at will. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the material from which they are made.

Note!

Types of pipes

• Copper is a great option. They are resistant to any pressure and temperature drops.
• Steel is chosen quite rarely. Since they are subject to metal corrosion, which reduces their service life.
• Polypropylene pipes must be reinforced with foil. So they will last much longer than conventional pipes. Polypropylene heating of a private house is the cheapest way.
• Stainless steel is a very expensive option. However, it is a reliable, durable material.
• Metal-plastic are suitable for those who first decided to do the installation of the heating system.
• Polyethylene pipes are inexpensive, while their installation is very simple.

The choice of radiators

Manufacturers offer a wide range of different heating devices. First of all, you need to pay attention to the type of material, and then to their appearance.

Battery types:

• Cast iron batteries have a high heat output. But their cost is very high. And if you take Soviet-style models, then their appearance will not decorate your home.
• Bimetallic ones have a table frame inside. This type of device is used in apartment buildings.
• Steel batteries are among the cheapest, with a service life of 20 years.
• Aluminum, are good because you can automatically adjust the heat supply.

It is important, when making a choice in favor of a certain type of device, consider its features.

Of course, the process of organizing a heating system is very laborious. However, if you understand all the subtleties, then you can make heating with your own hands.

But, if this is still a difficult job for you, then it is better to hire specialists. And the initial knowledge will help control the entire installation process.

DIY home heating photo

Note!

Note!

A high-quality heating system is one of the most important factors for comfortable life support in homes. It is difficult to imagine housing in which there are no heating appliances. Not so long ago, most of the inhabitants of our country used wood-burning stoves to heat their homes. Naturally, in our time of constant progress, such a system has become irrelevant and is increasingly being replaced by more modern gas-fired water heating.

Water heating in a private house based on the principle of circulation coolant through the pipeline and heating radiators. In this case, the movement of water occurs from the main heating element - the boiler through all the nodes of the system, after which the cooled coolant is returned back to the heater for reheating. At the same time, the heating piping scheme is not so complicated and therefore it is possible for independent implementation. But before that, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of the installation work.

Features of the installation of a water heating system

First of all, you need to understand that water heating is based on the laws of physics - the hot coolant rises, and the cooled water flows down. Simply put, the coolant will circulate with greater intensity with a greater temperature difference between the liquid flowing from the boiler and the water returning to the device through the return pipes. The optimal indicator is a temperature difference of 25 ° C. At the same time, certain techniques are used to enhance this effect:

• the boiler should be placed at the lowest point of the heating system approximately 2 meters below the pipes and radiators;
• the riser through which the coolant circulates must be qualitatively insulated;
• the length of the water heating pipes of a house with a natural circulation method should not exceed 30 m;
• in a one-story house, a heating scheme with natural circulation implies the placement of return pipes at a certain angle;
• based on the total length of the pipes of the heating system, their diameter is selected: the longer the pipeline, the larger its diameter.

If we consider two-story buildings, then the scheme of the water heating system of the house involves the installation of a pump. Otherwise, it will not work to heat the upper floor with high quality.

Choosing a heating device

A water heating system can be implemented using a gas boiler, an electrical counterpart, or a solid fuel device. At the same time, gas equipment is considered the most practical and convenient to use. If it is not possible to conduct gas into the house, then an electric boiler or its solid fuel analogue.

If we consider a solid fuel boiler, then its operation is much cheaper than an electric counterpart, since it runs on cheap resources - wood, coal or pellets. Electric heating is ideal for a country house where there is no need to heat the room daily.

The water heating system in small private buildings is not always profitable, since it is often enough to hang several electric heaters. In turn, for large houses, you will need a very powerful electric boiler to heat water, and this may affect the quality of other electrical appliances. In such a situation, it is better to use gas or solid fuel equipment.

Scheme of single-pipe water heating

One-pipe heating system can rightfully be called the simplest and least expensive and therefore it is suitable for DIY installation. Everything is very clear here - the pipeline through which the water will move connects in series all the heating radiators in the house. After the coolant has passed a full circle, it returns to the boiler again and the cycle repeats.

Such a scheme is quite practical, but still there are some nuances in it. The radiators, which are at the maximum distance from the boiler, will be slightly warm, while the nearby radiators will be hot. Simply put, the temperature in the far rooms will be cooler than in the room where the boiler is installed. Naturally, this has its own plus, especially when people who cannot stand the heat live in the house.

Scheme of a two-pipe heating system

A two-pipe heating system can hardly be called light, especially for self-implementation. This heating scheme provides removal of two pipes from the boiler at once. In this case, one pipe is designed to supply hot coolant to the batteries, and the other to return the cooled water back to the boiler. In appearance, this is very similar to single-pipe heating, but only the radiators can be located not in series, but in an order convenient for the homeowner.

According to the scheme, one pipe departs from the boiler, through which the hot coolant, according to the laws of physics, will rise. Such a pipe is very often carried out through the attic, where it is convenient to carry out hidden wiring. Simply put, a separate pipe is connected to each radiator. This allows you to maintain the same temperature in each battery.

Also, a two-pipe wiring diagram suggests outlet pipeline installation from each radiator. It is through this pipe that the cooled water will flow back to the boiler. The return line is laid in each room where the battery is installed. Usually the heating return pipe is hidden underground.

To increase the quality of two-pipe water heating, experts recommend installing a distribution manifold - a special device that regulates the water supply to each battery. Structurally, such a device resembles a tube with several side outlets, which are equipped with locking devices at the end, after which there are pipes connecting the boiler with batteries. Thanks to such a system, it becomes possible to control and regulate the temperature parameters in each individual room of the house.

When installing a water heating system with your own hands, you first need to determine its appearance. Today, experts are considering a heating system with natural and forced circulation of the coolant. At the same time, one differs from the other in the presence or absence of a circulation pump. But first, consider the advantages of heating with natural water circulation through pipes and radiators:

• natural heating option is the cheapest;
• such equipment does not require connection to the AC mains;
• any heating boiler can be used in such a system.

If we consider its shortcomings I would like to highlight the following issues:

• low level of efficiency;
• the coolant is unevenly distributed over the batteries;
• in such a system, an expansion tank must be installed;
• obligatory use of a metal pipeline.

Many may have a question, why metal pipes? Everything is very simple, the coolant in such a heating system circulates at a very high temperature, especially near the boiler. Therefore, not all plastic pipes will be able to withstand such thermal loads.

With a circulation pump, everything happens a little differently. This method more efficiently distributes the coolant over the radiators. Also, the use of a pipeline with a small diameter can be attributed to the positive qualities of forced circulation of water. So, if we compare such heating systems, then the diameter of the pipes with natural circulation of the coolant is almost half that when using a circulation pump.

Installation of water heating of a private house

At the first stage, the heating boiler installation. It should be placed on a stand cast from a cement-sand mixture. After that, the boiler exhaust pipe is connected to the central chimney. The junction must be sealed with heat-resistant mastic or clay, which does not crack under the influence of high temperature.

At the next stage, the installation of heating batteries is performed. Their placement should be strictly under the window sills, which allows you to create a thermal barrier that prevents the penetration of cold air through the window cracks. The installation of the radiator itself is quite simple and do-it-yourself. The battery is hung on special brackets fixed in the wall with dowels. But, despite all the apparent simplicity, there are nuances to be taken into account:

• Before starting the installation of radiators, the marking of the walls is carried out. All radiators in a private house should be located at the same level and in a horizontal position so that the coolant circulates freely.
• It is better not to unpack the battery during installation, so as not to damage it during the installation process.
• From the bottom of the battery to the floor surface there must be a gap of at least 70 mm, but not more than 150 mm.
• The heating radiator must be at a distance of 20 mm from the wall.

After battery installation is complete moving on to piping and installation of related nodes.

1. Drain pipe with a tap at the end, for removing water from the system. Its installation should take place at the lowest point of the heating system of a private house.
2. Expansion tank installation, which is carried out at the highest point of the heating system, but not less than at a height of 3 m from the boiler.
3. In the case of a forced heating system, a circulation pump is installed. Specialists recommend making a bypass section of the pipeline, which, in the event of a pump breakdown, will take the load on itself.
4. With the help of taps, it is desirable to protect each independent element of the heating system. This will allow, if necessary, to repair any unit without completely draining the coolant.

If the heating scheme provides for the presence of several risers, then in the places where the pipeline is distributed, it is imperative balancing valve installed. First of all, this is necessary to equalize the difference in hydraulic resistance in various branches of the heating system.

What to consider when self-assembly

In addition to the boiler, pipes and radiators, when conducting self-wiring water heating in a private house, you need to prepare related consumables: mounting brackets, adapters, rubber gaskets and other little things that are always needed during installation work related to heating. Plus, to everything, doing the work with your own hands, you need adhere to the following rules:

After all installation work is completed, the heating system is filled with water and trial run is underway. When the radiators warm up and the maximum pressure appears in the system, the pipe connections with batteries and other elements of water heating are checked for leaks. If any defect is found, the heating is turned off, the water is drained, and the breakdown is eliminated.

Having become acquainted with all the subtleties and features of the device of the water heating system, everyone will be able to do its installation in a private house with their own hands. The main thing is that the connection of all components is carried out in accordance with all safety requirements. If gas equipment is installed, then the first start-up of the boiler should be carried out only by a specialist, since gas is an explosive fuel and any errors can lead to serious consequences.

Heating design

Building a country house is a serious and difficult business. A lot of trouble, a lot of time is spent, a lot of money, but we strive even outside the city, far from the fruits of civilization, to live with dignity, comfortably, not considering ourselves deprived. Therefore, not only the house itself, its volume, the shape of the structure, the number of rooms and utility rooms are of great importance. It is necessary to take into account all known engineering structures. Therefore, the question of how to properly make heating in a private house sounds very relevant today.

It should be noted right away that heating is a rather expensive part of the budget allocated for the construction of a house. Practice shows that it requires up to 20% of all money spent, so we can say that this system is not only expensive, but also quite complicated.

Of course, you can avoid large financial costs if you manage with simpler methods of space heating. And the choice here is quite wide. For example, you can install electric heaters in each room, choosing them according to the power that ensures normal living.

Log house heating

You can install electric convectors - a great option. But keep in mind one point that concerns the supply of electricity to suburban villages. Blackouts here are common, especially in winter, so you should not rely on electricity.

There is an option to install a fireplace or stove that can be heated with various types of fuel. For example, wood, coal, diesel fuel, gas and the same electricity. But again, gas is a luxury that not all villages have. There are many problems with diesel fuel, since it will be necessary to organize the supply through the pipeline and ensure its reliable storage.

The easiest way is with firewood and coal, but there are many shortcomings here. To maintain the required temperature in the rooms, you will have to constantly put fuel in the furnace, keeping the fire, and this is not very convenient.

Therefore, the ideal option is water heating with the installation of radiators and a boiler. And then the question arises, how to make water heating so that the house warms up evenly, even if it has several floors.

Heating schemes for a private house

Let's start the analysis of water heating with its schemes and immediately determine that there are only two schemes:

• Single-circuit;
• Dual circuit.

What are their differences from each other? First, we note right away that the first option is best used only for one-story buildings. But the second is suitable for any country houses.

One-pipe heating scheme

One-pipe heating scheme

A single-pipe heating system is the simplest and least expensive. Everything is very simple here. The pipe, through which the coolant will move, departs from the heating boiler and connects all heating radiators in series. After that, she returns to the cauldron. The circle is closed, that is, the movement of the coolant occurs in a closed cycle.

A good scheme, in which there is one rather important nuance, or rather, a minus. In such a system, which is installed in series, the radiators closer to the boiler will always have a higher temperature than those further away. That is, the air in distant rooms will always be cooler. Of course, you can look at this from the other side, because different people live in the family, for whom coolness even in winter is bliss.

Two-pipe heating system

Two-pipe heating system

The two-pipe system is more complex, besides, building it will have to fork out. Two pipes are taken away from the boiler at once. One by one, the coolant rises up to the heating batteries, by the other it returns to the boiler. It seems to be the same as in the first case, only the radiators are not installed in series. But as?

The scheme is this. A pipe is drawn from the boiler, through which hot water rises. This pipe is usually taken out to the attic, where wiring is carried out. That is, each battery has its own individual pipe. Now it is clear that all radiators will have the same temperature.

Further, a tap is made from each radiator, which is connected to a pipe called "return". It is through it that the coolant returns to the boiler. The return line passes through all rooms where heating radiators are installed. I usually put it under the floor or hide it in the walls. If this is not possible, then you can attach it to the wall surface.

In this scheme, as practice shows, it is necessary to properly wire the heating pipes located in the attic. Therefore, experts recommend installing a heating collector. What it is?

This is a special device that allows you to regulate the flow of coolant to each radiator. It consists of a pipe structure, where the main one is a pipe with a diameter of 50 millimeters, it includes a hot water supply pipe. A shut-off device, for example, a valve, must be installed between them.

Pipes connecting to radiators depart from this pipe. It also installs shut-off valves for each circuit. Such a system allows you to control and regulate the temperature in each individual room.

Dead end heating system

There is another scheme that experts do not always use. It's called "dead end". In it, the pipes coming out of the boiler lead in parallel. Two outlets are drawn from each circuit to the batteries: one to the upper inlet is a pipe with hot water, the second to the lower inlet is to the return. Very economical scheme, works well, but did not take root.

The nuances of water heating

What should I pay attention to when installing a heating system? First of all, you have to decide on the view. There are two types that differ from each other only in the presence of a circulation pump.

If it is not in the heating circuit, then this is a gravity system. What is its advantage, and what are its disadvantages?

• First, it's a cheap option.
• Secondly, there is no need to use electricity to operate the pump.
• Thirdly, any type of boiler can be used.

But this scheme has a little more disadvantages:

• low efficiency, which means that the efficiency of the system is lower.
• uneven distribution of the coolant.
• a more costly undertaking, because you have to install an expansion tank and use metal pipes. And metal costs more than plastic, plus gas welding, which is also not cheap.

Many may ask why metal pipes are needed? The thing is that with such a system it will be necessary to supply a coolant with a higher temperature, and the plastic may not withstand it. This is especially true for the area around the boiler.

With a circulation pump, everything is different. This is a more efficient way of distributing hot water throughout the heating system. In addition, it is possible to reduce fuel consumption due to uniform heat supply. And this is savings. To this we can add the fact that the diameter of the pipes used can be reduced. For example, in a system with natural circulation, it is necessary to install pipes for wiring with a diameter of 25 millimeters, for a riser 32 millimeters. In the forced system, respectively, 20 and 25. Also savings.

Heating "warm floor"

Is it possible to use this view as the main one? Yes. Today, all experts unanimously claim that the "warm floor" is a very effective scheme. It is not only low-cost and easy to install and operate, but also economical. In addition, it can be used to create very comfortable indoor conditions that have a good effect on human health and well-being.

No convection, always warm floors that you can walk on barefoot, no need to cover them with expensive carpets and constantly clean them.

In all respects, it is today the most efficient type of heating in private homes. In addition, the "warm floor" system can be laid under almost any floor materials - whether it be ceramic tiles, parquet or laminate.

Here it is important to take into account the heat transfer coefficient of the floor covering. For example, it is higher for a tile, which means that there is no need to use a powerful system. It is smaller for wooden floors, so it is worth taking this into account and installing more frequent contours, thereby increasing the heat transfer of the system.

An important condition is to accurately select the scheme and correctly carry out the installation. Any, even a small, mistake will lead to the fact that the heating will work poorly. Therefore, the recommendations of specialists will have to be taken into account if all the work is done by hand.

Conclusion

We warm the house

So, answering the question of how to do heating in a private house, we can come to the following conclusion. The most important thing is to choose the right scheme when it comes to water heating. But keep in mind that in such a case as installing a heating system in a country house, there are no trifles. Everything is important here: the type of heating boiler, and the type of radiators, and the pipes used in the circuit, and shutoff valves, and even the type of fuel on which the boiler will operate. After all, even this will depend on the budget. Why?

Judge for yourself. If liquid fuel is used, then a separate room for storing diesel fuel will have to be arranged for it. And here you need to adhere to fire regulations. If coal or firewood is used, then they will also have to be stored either under a canopy or in a separate room. That is, there are more problems with such types of fuel.

A heating device in a private house or in a country house is vital both for the residents living in it and for the building itself, increasing its service life. To do this, heating is arranged in the house, and often it is done by hand, according to a one-pipe or two-pipe scheme.

Moreover, it is necessary to include several types of heating, in case of interruptions with one or another type of fuel or an emergency system failure.

In this article, we have revealed all the questions related to this topic, here you will find various diagrams and instructions, video tutorials, what elements the heating system consists of, how to calculate it, and a lot of other useful information.

Types of heating in a private house

Heating of a country house is carried out in several ways:

1. Traditionally, a stove is used, when a solid fuel stove heated with wood, coal, peat and other combustible materials is used as a heat source. Also, dried animal waste products (dung) are still used today, which are the main source of heating in the steppe regions.

Furnaces can be of various designs depending on the traditions of different peoples. So, in Europe, open hearths in the form of fireplaces became widespread. They are heated with firewood, and heat is distributed throughout the building by convection. At the same time, in order to save money, not all rooms are often heated, but only those that are extremely necessary to heat.

In the southern regions of Europe, special heating systems were often not made at all. During the cold season, a kitchen stove used for cooking served as a source of heat; living rooms were arranged on the upper floors.

Heating devices appeared later, when they began to distribute heat evenly throughout the house using pipe wiring. The initial reason for this was smoke from combustion products, often with tragic consequences. Therefore, the idea arose to separate the heat source from the living space, and to arrange a special channel for the exit of smoke - a chimney.

1. Air heating is carried out from a source that heats the air with its own surface or in specially equipped channels. Hot air is distributed by natural convection. The fence is made in the lower part, from the floor, and the heated one rises up in accordance with the laws of physics. An example of such a heating method is the Buleryan stove, which has become popular due to its economy and efficiency. It should be noted that the efficiency of such installations reaches 90%, which is not available to many other devices. Air heating furnaces are most often used for heating technical rooms, such as greenhouses. In some cases, they are installed as a backup fuel unit in a private house.

To distribute heat throughout a branched residential building, pipe wiring can also be used. But the requirement for a large diameter pipes of such radiators makes them inconvenient to use.

The types of heating used in a private house are very diverse, but it should be noted that the most cost-effective is the use of gas boilers with water circulation systems.

If the area is not gasified, solid fuel stoves remain the main type of thermal energy generation.

Choosing a heating method for a private house

In the conditions of Russia, many factors influence the choice:

• climatic conditions of the construction region;
• the availability of a particular fuel;
• availability of heating units of the required type on the market;
• builder's personal preference.

If there is no gas pipeline in the construction region, you can build a gas tank and arrange heating with gas appliances. But this is provided that there is an organization involved in the installation of equipment and the supply of propane-butane for them. The cost of this type of gas supply is lower than when using main gas.

When choosing a type of system, usually choose more than one. Interruptions in the supply of fuel are possible, there should not be such problems with heating. Therefore, in parallel with a gas or electric boiler, wood-burning stoves or liquid fuel units, such as diesel fuel, are installed. In this case, heating is guaranteed in case of any failures.

In addition, many users like to sit by an open fire and arrange, in addition to the main units, fireplaces, hearths and other similar devices.

This is about a device for generating thermal energy. But the rational distribution of heat inside the room is also important. In a private house, radiator water heating is most often used. Recently, floor heating devices have been actively included in such systems as an auxiliary element.

This increases the heating efficiency and reduces the temperature in the radiator circuits. As a result, air oxygen burns out less, and the conditions of stay in such a house improve.

Modern systems, as a rule, are multi-circuit, with separate temperature control in each of them. Usually, the automatic control of the return is carried out with the admixture of hot water from the boiler, or cold water from the expansion tank to obtain the desired heating of the system.

Some features have heating systems of a two-story house. A significant rise height of the heat carrier in this case provides spontaneous circulation in a natural way. This allows you to refuse to use a circulation pump in the pipelines, and the expansion tank can be installed not in the attic, but directly in the boiler room.

Such devices are filled with a significant amount of water, so they warm up slowly. To get rid of this disadvantage, it is recommended to use a circulation unit. Its power is not high, and, as a rule, does not exceed 90 W, and it can be turned on periodically.

Elements of the heating system

The heating system consists of several nodes, without the use of which it is impossible to create it.

Watch the video

In this section, we will analyze in detail the heating elements, their purpose, technical characteristics and what functional features they possess.

Boiler

According to the type of energy source used, there are several varieties:

• • On gas - are highly efficient and economical. It is advisable to use them if there is access to main gas.

• • Diesel they work on inexpensive diesel fuel processed from petroleum products, the use of waste media (oil recovery) is allowed. In this regard, they will be most effective. The disadvantage is the need to place it in a separate ventilated extension. Otherwise, during combustion, the presence of the smell of fuel or combustion products in the housing is inevitable.

• • Electrical will be the cleanest in terms of heat generation. But they are not economical and vulnerable to the regularity of energy supply. Their use is justified when using reserve capacities on alternative fuels.

• Solid fuel can work on any of its types, including coal, firewood, pellets, peat and the like. Democratic in relation to any type of fuel, characterized by significant heat transfer and low prices.
• Combined are able to use many types of energy carriers - gas, solid or liquid fuel, electricity. Especially applicable in areas where power outages occur.

Thermal communications pipelines

The distribution of heat in the house is carried out through an internal pipeline that delivers the coolant to the batteries in the form of radiators.

In water systems, this role is played by pipes. Pipes can be made from various materials:

1. Metal pipes - low carbon steel or copper. Their main disadvantage is the limited service life (for steel) and the significant cost of copper.
2. Plastic pipes reinforced in various ways. The most commonly used polypropylene or cross-linked polyethylene. At the same time, the use of pipes reinforced with solid aluminum gives the best performance. Their durability is, according to manufacturers, up to 50 years. In addition, the use of metallization increases the service life of other steel heating parts, blocking the access of atmospheric oxygen to the coolant.

In today's fashionable underfloor heating, plastic pipes are used in a coiled version, which makes it possible to make seamless joints. The repair of a pipeline hidden in the floor provides for the implementation of a significant amount of construction work when replacing or repairing a warm floor.

Separate circuits of the heating system are reduced to a single center for adjustment and control, called the collector.

Radiators for heating system

Of course, the focus is on radiators, through which heat is transferred to the surrounding space. Therefore, the focus is on the thermal conductivity of the material and the exchange surface area. Radiators are:

1. 1. The classic version is cast iron radiators well known to everyone since Soviet times. They are durable and completely undemanding to the quality of the coolant. But their disadvantage is their low thermal conductivity. Cast iron batteries will heat up to 40 degrees on the outer surface only at a water temperature of at least 70 degrees.

1. Radiators are popular aluminum. This material has good thermal conductivity and products made from it are very effective. The disadvantage of aluminum radiators is the significant requirements for the purity of the coolant. The presence of contaminants in it quickly leads the device to disrepair. Therefore, in thermal systems it is necessary to use various filters, which leads to a noticeable increase in costs. For such radiators, high pressure is unacceptable, so they are not used in industry.
   
   
2. Have been widely used steel radiators because of their great effectiveness. They are panel and tubular. Steel products will be one of the most budget options, while they look quite aesthetically pleasing, which is the reason for their wide distribution. The service life is about 25 years, which is considered a good indicator. At the same time, tubular steel radiators are considered a premium item.
   
   
3. Heating radiators bimetallic have a very high efficiency, which is due to the use of aluminum along with steel in the construction. With all the positive qualities, their use is limited by high cost.
   
   
4. Copper Radiators in terms of functional qualities are perhaps the most effective. They do not create resistance to the flow of the coolant, due to the high thermal conductivity of copper, they transfer heat to the atmosphere to the maximum extent. They effectively resist hydraulic shocks. The only but significant drawback is their high cost.
   
   
5. Following the dictates of the times, radiators are produced from plastic. These are quite nice and effective products at a budget price and durable. Traditionally, given the characteristics of the material, there are significant restrictions - the water temperature should not exceed 80 degrees.

Autonomous radiators

Such radiators are powered by the electrical network and are used to maintain a certain microclimate in the hotel room. Can be wall or floor. The body of such a radiator is filled with oil.

Recent replenishment in the ranks of heating devices is represented by quartz devices. They are made from an alloy of nickel and chromium (nichrome), which has a high resistance and therefore heats up when current is passed. The heating element is hermetically sealed in a sintered quartz sand casing.

Expansion tank

It is a conventional container, the volume of which should be about 10% of the total amount of water in the pipeline. When the boiler is started, the liquid is heated, and therefore its volume increases. Therefore, the capacity is used, which must accept this increase.

Heating circuits are open and closed. In the first case, there is no lid on the tank, which allows the liquid level to change freely. It is logical to install it at the highest point of the heating distribution and its usual location is in the attic.

In addition to compensating the volume of the heat carrier, an open-type expansion tank serves to bleed air from the pipeline. With such an arrangement of the container, significant heating of the coolant in the tank is inevitable, and, consequently, its intensive evaporation. In such a situation, this device will become the only place that must be used to add fluid.

In closed circuits, the expansion tank is sealed and can be installed anywhere in the heating network. The best option is to place it in the boiler room, where all other equipment is installed. Sealed membrane tanks are used here.

However, recently it has become customary to install additional expansion tanks. For example, the system works more reliably if such a device is mounted on a boiler.

This reduces the overall load on the heating network. An additional tank is also installed in the immediate vicinity of the heat source, which in some cases is located inside the house in the kitchen. The tank with this arrangement is mounted under the ceiling. Not too aesthetically pleasing, but reliable.

Circular pumps

These units are used to create forced circulation of the coolant through the pipes of the heating system. Their purpose is to accelerate its passage, which contributes to increased heat transfer.

When using circular pumping stations, the adjustment process in the heating network is simplified and there is no need to place the fuel boiler at the lowest point of the distribution.

The pressure created must have sufficient power to overcome the hydraulic resistance of heating elements - pipes, batteries and other obstacles.

Pumps come in two modifications - dry and wet. In residential construction, wet-type aggregates are used. They work almost silently, which allows them to be installed directly in a residential building.

When designing multi-circuit heating circuits, the use of a pump is provided for in each individual branch.

If repairs are necessary, a bypass is provided that allows the circulation of the coolant without the participation of a pumping station. This allows you to quickly replace the failed unit with a new one.

The service life of modern circular installations is comparable to that of a heating system.

Shut-off and control equipment

As such, apply:

1. Ball valves for shutting off the flow of coolant through pipes. They are used in two positions - “closed” and “open”, they are not used to regulate the flow.
2. Valves regulating to control the force of flow in pipes. Usually located on the pipe - the return line. They can work in manual and automatic mode by a temperature sensor signal. For this, cranes operating by means of an electric drive are used.
3. Cranes of a special design for draining plugs from heating wiring. They can work independently, dropping the air plug as it forms.

Safety devices

In the heating system circuits, they are represented by pressure valves and temperature sensors. The former are used in mechanical design, and do not use any energy in their work.

They work when the pressure is exceeded (in the boiler, boiler), opening the discharge when it is exceeded.

Temperature sensors and thermostats are triggered when the temperature rises critically, turning off the heating device or giving a signal to the control automation to turn on cold water mixing.

Which heater to choose

How to choose a boiler for the heating system of a private house, so that it is warm and the equipment serves reliably. Above, we have already considered the main types of boiler equipment, their advantages and disadvantages. What other criteria may affect the choice of type and design:

1. The fuel to be used. This circumstance depends on its availability. It makes no sense to buy a gas boiler if there is no main gas in the vicinity. The cheapest and most reliable option is wood heating, but it turns the tenant into a stoker. You can also pay attention to the diesel or electric unit.
2. Features of the placement of the boiler in the house. Can be wall mounted or floor mounted.
3. The design of the boiler - it can be single-circuit or double-circuit.

The construction market is filled with boiler equipment of imported and domestic production. Leading positions are traditionally occupied by manufacturers from Germany, Slovakia, France, Italy and the Czech Republic.

Some of them have been on the market for boiler equipment for more than a century. However, it makes sense to pay attention to the equipment of domestic manufacturers, which, in some cases, is more reliable than imported and more maintainable.

When buying a boiler, special attention should be paid to the condition of the accompanying technical documentation, which includes:

• warranty book;
• certificate of conformity;
• act of sanitary examination;
• operating permit.

It should be understood that there are many fakes on the market, especially well-known brands. When purchasing a boiler, the participation of an experienced specialist is desirable.

You should not be limited to the operation of just one boiler. Then, in the event of a failure of one unit or a power outage, as a temporary replacement, it is necessary to use a second, backup - solid fuel boiler for heating a private house.

The power of the unit should provide heating to an acceptable temperature for living. Maintaining its stable level also requires certain costs, depending on the degree of insulation of the house. Gone are the days when coolants were cheap and few people cared about their high consumption.

Today, insulation from the outside and from the inside, the use of sealed double-glazed windows and tightly closing doors are considered mandatory.

The value of heat losses for various buildings is taken as follows:

1. In the amount of 130-200 W / m for houses without insulation;
2. 90-110 W / m, if the building was built in the 80s or 90s of the last century with insulation according to the standards of that period;
3. 50-70 W/m for houses with good double glazing, carefully insulated and built from the late 90s.

To determine the required compensating power of the unit, these standards must be multiplied by the total area of ​​the heated premises.

The required power of the boiler in the first approximation can be determined at the rate of 1 kW per 10 m3 of heated area.

Choosing a double-circuit gas boiler for the heating system, you can solve the problem of not only heating the home, but also hot water supply.

The most efficient today are gas boilers, both in terms of economy and operational safety.

An electric boiler can greatly surprise the consumer with electricity bills. In addition, the capacity and technical condition of the village power grids do not always provide the required amount of energy. The whole village may be without electricity.

Diesel boilers are very inconvenient to operate, since they require placement in a separate building due to the smell inherent in diesel fuel. In addition, they require increased attention due to the formation of a huge amount of soot and burning.

Calculation of the heating system

Like all thermal calculations, this one is rather complicated if done thoroughly. But we present a very simple technique that allows us to determine the necessary parameters with a fairly high accuracy.

The initial data for the calculation are the following parameters:

1. Heated area. Only data should be used for rooms in which heating is installed, that is, one or two walls of the house in contact with the street.
2. climate power. This parameter takes into account the location of the private house. So, for the southern regions it is 0.8-0.95, for the central regions - 1.3-1.6, and for the northern regions - 1.6-2.2.

The calculation for a room with an area of ​​​​130 square meters is as follows:

N = 130 x 1.2 / 10 = 15.6 (kW)

The calculation necessarily includes the calculation of the number of radiator sections. For this, the following data is used:

1. Area - only rooms in which batteries are installed are taken into account.
2. The number 100 is determined from the requirement of SNiP for the power of one section per square meter of area.
3. The area is 30 square meters.
4. The power of one section of the battery is 180 watts.

N \u003d 30 x 100 / 180 \u003d 16.7 \u003d 17 (pcs)

The calculation of the heating system according to this method is quite reliable and suitable for practical use.

Heating schemes - one-pipe and two-pipe system, which is better, and what determines the choice of scheme

Heating a private house can be done by hand according to various schemes. There are two main methods of device - one-pipe and two-pipe scheme.

A single-pipe heating system is very popular among individual developers for the following reasons:

1. The relatively affordable cost of the device and its simplicity, which allows you to implement everything with your own hands. It is enough to have the skills of an average welder.
2. Hydraulic resistance, in which the heat transfer of the wiring does not change when a separate heating element is turned off.
3. Economical consumption of the main material - pipes.
4. The system is characterized by low inertia and rapid heating of the circuit, which is explained by the reduced amount of coolant in this scheme.
5. Aesthetic external design, especially when the main pipe is laid in the wall.
6. The use of modern shut-off and control equipment (automatic and manual temperature controllers) allows you to fine-tune the system and ensure its stability.
7. The simplicity of the design, which determines its reliability.
8. Easy installation, maintenance and operation.

The use of automation tools allows you to include a single-pipe system in the complex of the Smart House control scheme, which regulates its operation depending on weather conditions, time of day, season and other factors.

The main complaints about such a connection scheme for a private house are uneven heating of individual elements- the greater the distance from the boiler, the slower the batteries heat up, since the coolant cools as it moves along the circuit.

Partially, this effect is leveled by the use of a circulation pump. You can also increase the number of sections in remote batteries, which will even out heat transfer.

Such measures can significantly reduce the impact of negative factors. As a result, water heating, made according to this scheme, is considered the best for private houses up to 150 m3.

In a two-pipe heating system, all radiators are filled simultaneously. This is due to uniform heating of the entire pipeline.

Video - One-pipe / two-pipe scheme

At the same time, it becomes possible to adjust the amount of coolant passing through any of the collectors of the system.

Such a scheme, made correctly with your own hands, has a number of certain advantages:

1. Ability to automatically adjust the temperature in each room.
2. Any circuit works independently, failure of one of them does not affect the functioning of the others.

However, there are also certain disadvantages:

• increased complexity of the design;
• high material consumption of wiring;
• increased labor intensity.

The stability of all systems depends on the choice of the scheme of the heating system of a country house. So, for buildings with permanent residence, it is permissible to use a single-pipe connection scheme.

The two-pipe system is best used in houses of periodic visits, when it is possible to warm up the dwelling with reduced fuel consumption.

The choice of connection option depends on the wishes of the developer and is entirely within his competence.

Which circulation will be optimal and why - forced or natural

Considering this issue, we pay attention to the following circumstances:

1. The natural circulation heating scheme is used in small buildings. Pumping units for such housing are installed if it is necessary to control the temperature, both in the whole system and in its individual circuits.
2. Arbitrary circulation is used involuntarily in the absence of electricity or prolonged interruptions in its supply.
3. When operating conditions require increased pressure in the heating system, circulation pumps are used in systems.

For such purposes, circular installations with a wet rotor are currently used. Their choice is made based on the features of installation and operating conditions.

Various materials are used as a heat carrier for the heating system of a private house. It depends on the building conditions.

For buildings of periodic visits, non-freezing liquids (antifreeze, transformer oil) are preferred, which do not lead to ruptures of the pipeline in case of significant cold.

Water can be used in permanent residences.

Do-it-yourself installation of a heating system in a private house

This is a responsible event, which requires a certain qualification of performers and a solid knowledge of the theory. The order of work can be as follows:

1. Develop and draw a draft design of the heating system in the diagram (an example is presented below).
   
   
2. Purchase all the necessary components, including radiators, pipes, shut-off and control equipment, a heat source, fittings, fasteners, and more.
   
   
3. Install the boiler at its permanent location. When operating an open circuit with natural circulation, it must be installed at the lowest point of the wiring.
4. Mount a channel for removing combustion products.
5. Fix the radiators at the place of installation in accordance with the project.
   
6. Installation of piping in the boiler room of a private house with the installation of shut-off and control equipment, bypasses, air valves and other equipment.
   
7. Connection of circuits to the manifold, installation of circulation pumps and control equipment.
   
   
8. Test run in cold mode to detect installation defects. It is produced by supplying water to each circuit separately with visual inspection of joints and welds. When leaks are established, they must be eliminated immediately, after which the check of other branches continues.

Which pipes and what diameter to choose

Currently, the choice of pipes is very large. According to the materials, there are two options:

• plastic, among which options are possible - polypropylene, cross-linked polyethylene, reinforced with aluminum or fiberglass;
• metal - steel, stainless steel, copper.

For heating a private house, polypropylene pipes are most often used.

It also matters the diameter. If you set small dimensions, the movement of the coolant may be impaired due to increased hydraulic resistance. As a result, the system will work with noise.

If the pipe size is larger than the optimum, the speed of water movement decreases with a violation of the intensity of heat transfer. The calculation of the diameter of pipes for heating a private house can be performed using the appropriate formula:

x (0.86 x Q x dT): V, where

Q is the load on a certain section of the system, kW;

dT is the difference in temperature in the inlet and return pipelines;

V is the coolant flow rate, m/s.

In addition, in gravity circuits, a larger diameter outlet pipe is used for the distribution circuit than for the main wiring. The principle of calculating its diameter is based on the equality of the second volumes of the outflowing flow and the amount of the distributed one. That is, the size of the supply pipe depends on the number of batteries and the size of the flow.

When installing such a pipeline, you must follow the installation rules with a slope. It is performed with a rise in the direction of fluid movement for the supply pipe, and vice versa - for the return.

Independent connection of the boiler

Before you install a heating boiler, you need to prepare a room for it. The requirements for it will be as follows:

1. It must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation.
2. The base for the boiler during construction must be made of non-combustible materials and be 20-25 centimeters above the floor level. If the floor is made of combustible materials, it is upholstered with a metal sheet at a distance of about a meter.
3. A chimney connection must be made.
4. When using the boiler on the wall of the house, it must also be sheathed with metal.

Installation must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the instructions attached to the thermal unit. The installation of a gas boiler in the house is carried out with the participation of a gas economy specialist, and the launch is carried out with his permission.

When connecting a thermal installation, all accessories supplied with it are used. The distribution of pipes from the boiler room is carried out in accordance with the project.

Do-it-yourself pressure testing of the heating system

Crimping, that is, testing the wiring with increased pressure, is the result of measures to create it. This operation is performed by pumping water into it and gradually increasing the pressure.

At the same time, visual and instrumental control of pipelines is carried out. At first, the pressure rises to 2 atmospheres, after a few hours - up to 4 - 6.

Observations are made within 3-4 hours, in the absence of leaks, it is increased to 8-9 atmospheres, and this pressure in the system is left for a day.

A positive result is considered if the pressure in the system has not decreased during this time, therefore, there are no leaks.

Typical installation errors

Heating is designed for long-term operation, and sudden breakdowns during the heating period can create a lot of trouble. The following circumstances may lead to this:

1. The boiler room should be spacious enough so that the distance to the walls is at least a meter. This will allow access to it for opening and repair.
2. It is preferable to place equipment along one wall, leaving room for other systems.
3. Careful piping installation is important to facilitate maintenance and troubleshooting.
4. A common disadvantage is to ignore the use of a filter. It must be placed on the return line, setting it down with a sump. The absence of a filter leads to clogging of the pipeline and its complete silting.
5. The circulation pump is installed on the return line, where the coolant value is lower. Exceeding the required power of the unit leads to a significant flow velocity in the pipes, noisy operation and a violation of heat transfer.
6. The capacity of the expansion tank must be at least 10% of the volume of water in the network, the attachment point is in front of the circulation pump.

Most often, errors in the design and installation of heating lead to the creation of difficult and dangerous situations, so the participation of an experienced specialist at least at the consultation level is important, even if the work is done by hand.

Gone are the days when the only way to heat a private house was a stove. It was precisely because of the lack of full-fledged heating and hot water supply that many did not want to live outside the city, moving to comfortable high-rise buildings. But the benefits of civilization reached the country houses. Modern technologies and materials make it possible to equip the heating of a private house with your own hands, so as not to endure hardships anymore. Now the amenities in a country house will be no worse than city ones. There are several ways to make heating in a private house, which differ in structural elements and energy sources. We will talk about them in the framework of this article.

What can be the heating system of a private house

First of all, heating systems differ in the type of coolant, which directly heats the premises, giving off heat. There are water systems, steam, air, electric and open fire. The latter are implemented in fireplaces, Russian stoves and coarse. In rooms where heating is implemented in this way, heat is distributed unevenly: cold air near the floor, hot near the heat source (stove), and cold air at a distance. In principle, a small house can be heated quite well with a stove, but we will not focus on these systems, but will talk about those that can provide more uniform heating of a large house.

The water heating system is a closed loop through which hot water circulates. The boiler acts as a heating element, pipes diverge from it throughout the house, radiators are installed in each room, through which hot water passes and gives off heat. Having given off heat, the water returns to the boiler, where it heats up, and the cycle repeats.

For a water system, a boiler using any available fuel is suitable. The most common are gas boilers because they are economical. Heating in a private house using natural gas is possible only if a gas main is connected to the house. Another disadvantage is that gas boilers require regular maintenance and control by special services. However, gas heating is in high demand.

If the area is not gasified, you can use solid fuel boiler(coal, firewood, pallets). In this case, the heating will turn out to be completely autonomous and independent of the energy supply. But for the storage of solid fuels, it will be necessary to equip a convenient and dry storage facility.

Oil boilers, for example, diesel, can also be used for water heating. This method has a number of disadvantages: diesel fuel is very expensive, heating is uneconomical, fuel storage requires a tank buried in the ground, which, despite all the precautions, is a fire hazard.

electric boiler, connected to the central power supply, will also perform its functions well. But if you have already decided to use electricity as an energy carrier, it would be more expedient to install electric radiators in order to directly convert electrical energy into heat without the mediation of water.

To equip fully autonomous heating, you can use alternative electricity, solar and wind converters, mini-hydro stations and more.

The power of the boiler is selected depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Approximate characteristics can be seen in the table.

In a water heating system, both water and antifreeze can circulate. Also, the system may have additional elements for its adjustment. The expansion tank is used to collect excess fluid, thermostats are needed to control the temperature in front of each radiator, a circulation pump for forced water movement is not always used, as well as an automatic air vent, shut-off and safety valves.

If you are interested in how much it costs to heat a private house, then you can calculate it yourself. First you need to decide on the type of energy carrier. We will consider the option with a gas boiler. So, we need to purchase a boiler, pipes, radiators for each room, an expansion tank, taps, fittings, all the necessary related materials. But before you buy all this, you should draw up a heating scheme for a private house, which will accurately indicate the location of the boiler and radiators, the length of the pipeline, and more. Design work "will cost a pretty penny", permits, approvals, plus installation. As a result, heating in a private house will cost about 9000 - 11000 USD.

The cost of equipment for the heating system will largely depend on the materials. For example, radiators are cast iron, steel,aluminum, stainless steel. The cheapest cast iron, they are also the heaviest and short-lived. Stainless steel is the most expensive, few can afford to install them throughout the house. Pipes for laying a heating pipeline also come in various materials: steel(stainless steel, galvanized steel), copper, polymeric(metal-plastic, polypropylene, polyethylene). Copper pipes are considered the most reliable, as they can withstand large temperature changes, and the connection is made by soldering with silver solder. Although polymer pipes are easy to install and are not afraid of corrosion, they have a significant drawback - they are afraid of temperature changes and lose their strength if they are bent. Recently, steel pipes have been used quite rarely, although stainless and galvanized pipes are not afraid of corrosion, are durable and firmly connected.

The cost of materials and work on installing heating in a private house is also affected by the type of water heating system, which can be one-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. We will talk about this below.

The water heating system has several disadvantages: complex and time-consuming installation, regular system maintenance and boiler checks, but it is very popular among country residents compared to other systems.

Steam heating of a private house

The steam heating system is implemented according to the following principle: the boiler heats water under pressure to a boiling state, the resulting steam goes to the radiators through the pipeline, where it gives off its heat, condenses back into water and returns back to the boiler. Air is forced out of the system by hot steam. According to the principle of condensate return in the boiler, two types of systems are distinguished: open (open) and closed (closed). In open systems, there is a tank in which condensate accumulates and then enters the boiler. In closed systems, the condensate returns to the boiler on its own through a wide pipe.

Important! Steam heating is not used in private residential buildings. "Steam" is mistakenly called "water" heating. In fact, a steam heating boiler is a huge unit, the size of a room, it is very difficult to operate, and also dangerous. Such heating is used only in enterprises where steam is needed for production needs. Even in this case, the heat-releasing elements are carefully isolated from the person, since the steam temperature is 115 ° C.

An air heating system can be installed in a house only at the construction stage; this is not possible in a finished residential building.

The principle of operation of this system is as follows: the heat generator heats the air, which then rises through the air ducts into the premises and exits under the ceiling in such a way as to displace the cold air that has accumulated near the window or door. Cold air is forced out into the air ducts leading to the heat generator. This is how circulation occurs, which can be gravitational or forced.

Gravity circulation occurs due to the temperature difference, when the volume of warm air is large enough, it displaces the cold towards the air ducts. The disadvantage of this method is that when windows or doors are open, circulation is disturbed.

For forced circulation A fan is used to increase air pressure.

The figure shows the heating of a private two-story house with the help of air.

The heat generator can burn natural gas, kerosene or diesel. At the same time, natural gas can be both from the main line and bottled. The products of combustion go into the chimney.

To freshen the air, clean air is mixed into the system, which can be taken from outside the room.

Air ducts can be made of metal, plastic or textile, and also have a round or rectangular shape. According to the structure, air ducts are rigid and flexible. Air ducts adjacent to external walls or unheated rooms must be thermally insulated. In order to correctly calculate how the air heating system of the house should be located, what should be the size of the air ducts, what is the topology of the network, you should contact the experts. The arrangement of such a system for a two-story house can cost 11,000 USD.

Electric heating of a private house

Heating a house with electricity can be implemented in several ways: using electric convectors, underfloor heating systems, infrared long-wave heaters(ceiling).

Heating a house with electricity cannot be called economical. Sometimes they even equip a water heating system and connect it to an electric boiler. This method has a significant drawback: high energy costs and heat loss. Therefore, it is advised to install an electric boiler as a spare in addition to the gas one (subject to the presence of a gas main).

But if there is no other available energy source, you have to use what you have. Then it will be more economical and expedient to use not a boiler, but immediately electric convectors.

To calculate the number of necessary devices, you should know the volume of the room and the degree of its thermal insulation. For example, for heating a house of 100 m2, with a ceiling height of 3 m, the volume is 300 m3, if the room is poorly insulated, its heating demand is 40 W/m3. In total, we multiply the volume of the room by the need, we get 12,000 watts. This need can be met by installing 4 convectors of 2.5 kW each and 1 convector - 2 kW. The cost of equipment is approximately 1300 - 1500 USD. This is much less than the arrangement of water heating with a gas boiler, but it is much less economical when paying for energy.

The disadvantage of using electric convectors is the uneven heating of the room: it is cold near the floor, and hot air accumulates near the ceiling. To evenly warm the room, you can additionally install a "warm floor" system.

Scheme of the heating system of a private house with a liquid coolant

The water heating system can be single-loop or double-circuit. Single-circuit is used only for heating, and double-circuit for heating and heating water for household needs. In practice, in private houses, two single-circuit systems are most often installed: one - purely for heating water, the second - for heating. This is also convenient because the second boiler does not work during the non-heating season.

According to the principle of water movement in the system, one-pipe, two-pipe and collector systems are distinguished.

One-pipe water heating system

In a single-pipe system, water passes sequentially from one radiator to another. At the same time, in each subsequent radiator, the temperature of the coolant will be lower and lower. In the latter, it may not be enough to heat the room. This system is practically not amenable to adjustment, since by blocking access to one radiator, water access to all the others will be blocked. Also, if one radiator fails, you will have to completely turn off the system, bleed water, and only then change it to a new one or repair it.

Two-pipe water heating system

A two-pipe system is able to heat the house more efficiently, since two pipes fit each radiator: one with hot water, and through the other, cooled water leaves. In this case, the hot water pipe is connected to all radiators in parallel. If you install taps in front of each radiator, you can turn off any radiator from the system. The last radiator to which the hot water pipe is connected will have a lower temperature than the first one, but the losses will be negligible compared to a single pipe system.

Collector system of water heating

The collector system implies that pipes go from the collector to each radiator separately: one with hot water, the other cooled water returns. This system allows you to regulate the temperature in any room, as well as easily replace or repair any part of the system without turning off the heating. The collector system is the most progressive. Its only drawback: the additional installation of a collector cabinet and a large consumption of pipes.

Installation of a heating system for a private house

First of all, you should decide which heating system is best done in a particular house. The best solution would be to install the system, the energy carrier for which is more accessible and economical, economical heating of a private house is very important for many. For example, if gas is supplied to the house, then you can install a water heating system with two boilers: one is gas (main), the second is electric (spare) or solid fuel, so that in case of force majeure it is completely energy independent.

At the next stage, you should contact the design bureau, where they will make the appropriate calculations, draw up project documentation and drawings for heating a private house. Only then can you purchase the necessary equipment and materials.

The first step is to install a heating boiler. For any boilers where there will be combustion products, except for electric ones, it is necessary to equip the boiler room. This is a separate room, or a room in the basement, in which good ventilation is made. The boiler is installed at a distance from the walls to provide free access. The floor and walls around the boiler are lined with refractory material. A chimney is taken out from the boiler to the street.

Further installation of heating in a private house consists in installing a circulation pump (if necessary), a distribution manifold (if provided by the system), measuring and control devices near the boiler.

Only then do pipelines lead from the boiler to the installation sites of radiators. To pass the pipes through the walls, you will have to make holes in them, which, after the pipes are stretched, must be covered with cement mortar. The connection of pipes is made based on the material of their manufacture.

The radiators are installed last. They are installed on brackets necessarily under the window opening. If the radiator is not large enough to cover the opening, two radiators should be installed or sections should be added if possible. The distance from the floor should be 10 - 12 cm, from the wall 2 - 5 cm, and from the window sill to the radiator - 10 cm. We install shut-off and control fittings and temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the radiator so that you can regulate the temperature and block the movement of water.

After installation of all structural elements, the system is pressure tested. The first start-up of the boiler is possible only in the presence of a representative of the gas organization.

In conclusion, I would like to note that it is better to choose a heating system taking into account two factors: the availability and low cost of an energy carrier and the autonomy of the system in case of force majeure. Installing a heating system in a private house is such a responsible and complicated matter that it is not recommended to do it yourself. At least the most important thing - calculations, diagrams and the project must be performed by professionals. And to save money, you can try to install the elements of the system yourself, but under the strict guidance of the master.