The name of the creator of Mig Mikoyan. Mikoyan Artem Ivanovich - biography

Biography

At the age of 12, he took up pyrotechnics - a powder rocket with a fly on board. At the age of 14, he began designing a small submarine, as well as a spaceship, influenced by Tsiolkovsky's ideas.

He graduated from a special English school in Moscow in 1967.

In 1967 he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. S. Ordzhonikidze, who graduated in 1973.

After graduating from the institute, he worked at the Design Bureau named after. A.I. Mikoyan as a design engineer. At the same time he studied at the University of Marxism-Leninism at the Moscow State Committee of the CPSU at the Faculty of International Relations and foreign policy, who graduated in 1977 and received a second higher education.

In 1978 he graduated from the correspondence graduate school of the Moscow Aviation Institute.

He was invited to NPO Molniya as a leading designer of a product intended for flight testing in the atmosphere. Then he was appointed deputy chief designer. After completing the design and construction phase of the Buran-002 space plane, he was engaged in flight testing and crew training.

In 1985, he organized the Public Youth Experimental Design Bureau for Ultralight Aircraft. The aircraft and motorized hang gliders created at the design bureau were awarded prizes at the All-Union ultralight aviation competitions in various cities of the Union.

In 1988, he was appointed director of the Industry Center for Aviation Scientific and Technical Creativity, which creates ultra-light aircraft, which, after testing and certification, were successfully used in the national economy.

He is a member of the Russian Union of Journalists.

Currently, Ovanes Artemovich is the General Director of the Interregional Public Fund for the Support of Aviation and Cosmonautics Veterans.

Essays

Miscellaneous

Bibliography

• Sarkisyan A.E. Armenian military scientists, designers, production workers and testers of the 20th century. T.2.-Er.: "Amaras", 2005, pp. 51-56

TASS-DOSSIER /Valery Korneev/. Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan (birth name - Anushavan Ovanesovich Mikoyan) was born on August 5 (July 23, old style) 1905 in the village of Sanahin, Borchalinsky district, Tiflis province of the Russian Empire
(now within the city of Alaverdi, Lori region, Armenia). Father, Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan (1856-1918) - worked at a copper smelter; mother - Talida Otarovna Mikoyan (1867-1960), was a housewife. Elder brother - Anastas Mikoyan (1895-1978), Soviet statesman and politician.

He received his primary two-year education at a rural school. After the death of his father in 1918, he moved to Tiflis (now Tbilisi, Georgia), where he continued his studies at an Armenian school. In 1923, in Rostov-on-Don, he entered the factory apprenticeship school at the Krasny Aksai plant and became a turner's apprentice.

In November 1925 he moved to Moscow, where until 1928 he worked as a turner at the Dynamo plant.

In December 1928 he was drafted into the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), served in the city of Livny (now in the Oryol region), in August 1929 he was transferred to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk military school in Orel (later - Oryol armored school).

In 1930-1931 - Secretary of the Party Committee at the Kompressor plant (Moscow). In 1931, he became one of the “Party Thousanders” (communist production workers sent to study at universities), and was sent to the Red Army Air Force Academy named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (now the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N. E. Zhukovsky, Moscow).

In 1935, he was sent for practical training to Kharkov, where, together with other students of the academy, he built his first light aircraft, the Eaglet, which was highly praised by the Central Aero Club.

On October 22, 1937, he defended his diploma project and received the title of military mechanical engineer of the Red Army Air Force. Appointed as a military representative at the State Aviation Plant No. 1 (GAZ No. 1, now part of OJSC Dux), where the design bureau (KB) of Nikolai Polikarpov was soon transferred.

In 1938-1939 - Head of the bureau for serial fighters in the Polikarpov Design Bureau.

In March-December 1939 - deputy head of GAZ design bureau number 1.

On December 8, 1939, he was appointed head of the new experimental design department (OKO), organized at the same plant.

In 1940 - chief designer of GAZ number 1. From the same year, aircraft designer Mikhail Gurevich (1893-1976) became his deputy.

During the Great Patriotic War, from August 1941 to March 1942, as part of the OKO, he was evacuated to Kuibyshev (now Samara).

In March 1942, after returning from evacuation, he was appointed director and chief designer of OKB-155 (since 1967 - Moscow Zenit Machine-Building Plant), created on the basis of OKO.

Participated in the development of fighters I-153 (1938), I-180 (1938). Together with Mikhail Gurevich and Vladimir Romodin (1901-1975), he created the I-200/MiG-1 fighter (1940, the abbreviation is made up of the first letters of the surnames of Mikoyan and Gurevich) and its modification MiG-3 (1940); led the development of the MiG-7 fighter (1941), long-range escort fighter DIS-200/MiG-5 (1941), high-altitude interceptor fighter I-224 (1944), fighter I-250/MiG-13 (1945), etc.

In the post-war years, together with Mikhail Gurevich, he developed high-speed and supersonic front-line jet aircraft, including the MiG-9 fighters (1946), the first Soviet mass-produced swept-wing fighter MiG-15 (1947), MiG-17 (1950), and experimental E- fighters. 2 (1955) and E-5 (1956), the first Soviet serial supersonic fighter MiG-19 (1954), the first Soviet third-generation multirole fighter MiG-21 (1956), high-altitude fighter-interceptor MiG-25 (1964) and the first Soviet MiG-23 variable-sweep wing fighter (1967).

In 1950-1970 - Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Major General of the Engineering and Technical Service (1946), Lieutenant General of the Engineering and Technical Service (1957).

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1957), laureate of the Lenin Prize (1962) and six Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953). Knight of the six Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner, and the Patriotic War 1st degree, two Orders of the Red Star, awarded medals.

He was married to Zoya Ivanovna Mikoyan (nee Lisipina, 1915-2000). Daughters - Natalya (b. 1936, teacher) and Svetlana (b. 1939, orientalist). Son - Hovhannes (b. 1949, aircraft designer, employee of the Russian Aircraft Corporation "MiG").

In 1971, the Moscow Zenit Machine-Building Plant was named after A.I. Mikoyan (now the Engineering Center "OKB named after A.I. Mikoyan" as part of JSC "RSK "MiG"). The bronze bust was installed within the city of Alaverdi (Armenia). The memorial plaque was installed in Moscow at the address Serafimovicha str., no. 2 (“House on the Embankment”), where the aircraft designer lived, in the Khoroshevsky district of Moscow there is also Aircraft Designer Mikoyan Street (since 2006).

Having started his working life as a worker, in less than 30 years as an aircraft designer, A.I. Mikoyan, in collaboration with Gurevich, created a series of aircraft that glorified the MiG brand throughout the world.

Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan was born on August 5, 1905 in the small Armenian village of Sanahin in the family of a poor village carpenter. At the age of six, Artem Ivanovich began working as a shepherd. A.I. Mikoyan learned to read and write in a village school, and then, in 1918, the family moved to Tbilisi, where he began to study at school with his older brother Anastas. In 1923, he entered the technical school at the machine-building plant (Krasny Aksai) in Rostov-on-Don and for the next year worked as a turner in a railway workshop.

In 1925, Artem Ivanovich joined the Communist Party and went to work at the Moscow Dynamo plant. By that time, his older brother Anastas already held high positions in the party and was a close associate of V.I. Stalin.

Until 1928, Artem worked at a factory, after which he was recommended for party work. In 1928-1930, the young man served in the army and was secretary of the Komsomol committee at the first Soviet tank school.

After returning from the army, he went to work at the Compressor plant and in 1931 he was accepted to study at the Air Force Engineering Academy. N.E. Zhukovsky. There, among other things, he jumped with a parachute and learned to fly an airplane. In 1935, Mikoyan and two other students of the academy, Samarin and Pavlov, built the Oktyabrenok light aircraft, which had wing mechanization that was original for that time - flaps and slats. The flight weight of the aircraft was 250 kg, it reached a speed of 130 km/h with an engine of 22 hp. In 1937, a flight was made on the Oktyabrenka and the aircraft received a positive assessment from the Central Aero Club.

On October 22, 1937, after defending his diploma project, Mikoyan was awarded the title of “military mechanical engineer of the Red Army Air Force.”

In 1937, Mikoyan graduated from the academy with honors and was appointed representative of military acceptance at plant No. 1 named after. Aviakhim. This plant housed the N.N. Polikarpov Design Bureau and the plant was engaged in the production of the I-153 Chaika fighter. At first, Mikoyan was involved in the acceptance of aircraft, and then was appointed representative of the customer (Air Force) at the Polikarpov Design Bureau. From that time on, he worked in constant contact with N.N. Polikarpov.

Two years later, in March 1939, Polikarpov asked Mikoyan to help him organize and update the production of I-153. At this time, he was noticed by the director of the plant P.A. Voronin and the chief engineer P.V. Dementyev (after P.A. Voronin left for the post of deputy people's commissar of the aviation industry in January 1940, P.V. Dementyev became the director of the plant). In the summer of 1939, aircraft designers were received by Stalin, who liked the formula for the future aircraft - “speed plus altitude.” In December 1939, a new development department (OKO) was organized at the plant; It was headed by Mikoyan and Gurevich.

The group of Mikoyan and M.I. Gurevich designed a small monoplane "MiG-1" from wood and plywood with a low wing. The plane was equipped with a fairly powerful engine by A. A. Mikulin “AM-35A”. The first flight of the MiG-1 took place in April 1940. As a result, the aircraft was noted for its fairly good aerodynamic qualities with increased wing load, and for its improved cooling and exhaust systems. Thanks to its powerful engine, the monoplane reached speeds of up to 628 km/h. As a result, A.I. Mikoyan, together with Gurevich, solved one of the difficult problems of increasing the speed of horizontal flight. After eliminating all the shortcomings, the MiG-1 took part in the parade on Red Square on May 1, 1940.

The design bureau team worked in the spirit of mutual understanding and cooperation. Mikoyan took upon himself the preparation of decisions, but taking into account the real capabilities of production and the state. He successfully combined democracy with firm discipline, knew how to respect the opinions of his employees, and did not tolerate deception and unwillingness to learn.

Modifications began to be created on the basis of the MiG-1. Each new model differed from the previous one with more advanced design elements. Mikoyan's design bureau continued work on designing a new type of fighter. It created such famous aircraft as the MiG-3 (they even erected a bronze monument to it on the Oka River), I-222 (ZA) with a power of 1400 hp. s., “I-224” (power 1800 hp).

A.I. Mikoyan received the Order of Lenin at the end of 1940.

In the last pre-war months, the Soviet Union acquired examples of German aircraft. Domestic aircraft designers, including Mikoyan, traveled to Germany to study aircraft manufacturing experience.

In 1941 - 45, under the leadership of Mikoyan, a number of fighters with high flight performance were created, including the I-250 with a combined power plant.

A.I. Mikoyan was one of the first to appreciate the future of jet aviation. His first aircraft of this type was the MiG-9 with two turbojet engines.

Simultaneously with the main work on creating aircraft, the design bureau of A. I. Mikoyan was dealing with the problem of creating a swept wing that would significantly increase the speed of the aircraft. Its main disadvantage was its lower angle of attack and lower lift, which complicated the takeoff, maneuverability and landing of the aircraft. But such a wing was simply necessary to ensure flights at transonic and supersonic speeds.

After deadly hard work, Artem Ivanovich went on vacation to Crimea for 3 days and suffered a heart attack, but two months later he started working again. He knew that abroad, in the United States, they were vigorously improving jet fighters.

Following the first jet aircraft, Mikoyan's design bureau managed to create new fighters - faster, more advanced and reliable. One of these was the MiG-15 - equipped with the most modern technology, a more advanced pressurized cabin and an ejection seat. Its flight took place in 1947. The maximum speed of the MiG-15 was 1050 km/h, its ceiling was 15 thousand meters. Next came the MiG-17 - the first domestic supersonic aircraft to break the sound barrier. On its basis, the MiG-17PF interceptor with a radar system and a forced engine was then created.

By the beginning of the 50s. Soviet aviation technology gained the opportunity to create supersonic combat aircraft with swept wings, with a navigation and sighting system, flying day and night in difficult weather conditions. This is exactly what the MiG-19 with two engines was, developed by Mikoyan’s design bureau in 1954.

In connection with the 50th anniversary and for his services in creating new technology, Mikoyan was awarded the Order of Lenin. On April 20, 1956, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. On December 20, 1956, Mikoyan was appointed general designer, and in June 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the second time.

Simultaneously with the improvement of the MiG-19, other aircraft were created over the next few years. At this time, Artem Ivanovich, who took part in all tests of his aircraft, greatly increased interest abroad as the creator of modern fighter aircraft, which have no equal in the world.

The Mig-21, which had appeared by this time, simply amazed foreign aircraft creators with its data: it flew at high speed at a fairly low altitude, it had a lower landing speed, a lower angle of attack, and heavier weapons. The aircraft was lightweight and easy to operate and maintain, while possessing good flight characteristics.

With the advent of helicopters that did not require large airfields, Mikoyan's design bureau took up the problem of improving the takeoff and landing characteristics of modern aircraft.

For 10 years (from 1957 to 1967), Artem Ivanovich more than once expressed his thoughts on the future of aviation, which in his opinion should merge with astronautics, in Komsomolskaya Pravda and in the magazine Aviation and Cosmonautics.

Artem Ivanovich wrote: “There are no limits or boundaries in the exploration of near-Earth space, as well as of global outer space. Aviation will have to master flights in the atmosphere at speeds close to space, at distances of tens and hundreds of thousands of kilometers, with loads weighing tons, subject to the repeated use of hypersonic aircraft.”

As the creator of aircraft, Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan was one of the most prominent aircraft designers in the world. None of the Russian aircraft enjoys such fame in the West as the MiG in its many modifications. Mikoyan's planes set 55 world records.

Artem Ivanovich died on December 9, 1970 after heart surgery. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. The monument notes that he was an academician, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Colonel General of the Engineering and Technical Service, twice a Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of Lenin and 6 State Prizes.

Head of the MiG design bureau. Colonel General of the Engineering and Technical Service.

Artem Mikoyan was born on August 5, 1905 in the village of Sanahin, Armenia. The boy grew up in a peasant family. He was the brother of Anastas Mikoyan. In 1918, his family moved to Tbilisi, where Artem attended school. In 1923, he moved to his brother in Rostov-on-Don, where he worked as a turner in a workshop, and then to Moscow, where he also got a job as a turner at the Dynamo plant.

In 1928, Mikoyan was drafted into the Red Army and in 1931 was sent to study at the Air Force Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. Here, together with classmates, he created his first airplane, the Oktyabrenok, which was highly praised by the Central Aero Club.

After graduating from the academy in 1936 and receiving the title of “air force mechanical engineer,” Artem Ivanovich was sent to work at the Osoaviakhim aviation plant in Moscow, where he was first a military representative, and in 1938 he became the head of the bureau for serial fighters in the N.N. Design Bureau. N. Polikarpov, which was transferred to this plant.

Working in constant contact with Polikarpov, Mikoyan a year later became deputy chief designer of the entire plant and headed the KB-1 design group. In 1940, under the leadership of Mikoyan, together with Mikhail Gurevich, the fastest production fighter aircraft of that time, the MiG-1, was created, designed for air combat at high altitudes, and then its modification, the MiG-3.

It was these two types of aircraft that were built in large numbers in the first years of the war and were successfully used in combat operations, bearing the brunt of the first years of the war and proving themselves well in the country’s air defense system.

Significant role in the victory Soviet Union Other aircraft of the designer, created during the Great Patriotic War, also played a role over Nazi Germany. Among them are such fighters, distinguished by high performance characteristics, such as: “MiG-7”, which showed a maximum speed of 690 km/h, the high-altitude aircraft “I-224”, which reached a ceiling of 14 thousand meters, “I-250” with a combined power installation.

After the war, Artem Ivanovich worked on the creation of high-speed and supersonic jet aircraft, many of which were produced in large series and were in service with the air force for a long time. These are the aircraft: MiG-9, MiG-15, MiG-17, which reached the speed of sound, MiG-19, the first serial domestic supersonic fighter, which was armed with air-to-air guided missiles, "MiG-21", with a delta wing of a thin profile and a flight speed twice the speed of sound.

In 1956, Mikoyan was appointed general designer of the MiG Design Bureau. The latest aircraft created under his leadership were the MiG-23 fighter, the first aircraft in the country with an in-flight variable sweep of the entire wing, and the MiG-25 interceptor fighter with a flight speed three times the speed of sound. It was during this period that the short word “MiG” firmly entered the vocabulary of pilots around the world, and fighters of this brand embodied latest achievements aviation science and materials science.

It is also worth noting that about sixty world records were set on aircraft created by Mikoyan. In addition, the inventor created not only wonderful technology, but also his own school in aircraft construction, training many experienced designers.

Artem Ivanovich was a very sociable and hospitable person. The deaths of Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Seregin in 1968, and later the death of his friend, General Anatoly Kadomtsev on the MiG-25P, had a serious impact on his health.

The great aircraft designer Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan died on December 9, 1970 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in the capital.

Awards of Artem Mikoyan

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1957)
Lenin Prize (1962)
Stalin Prize, first degree (1941) - for development new design aircraft (MiG-3)
Stalin Prize, first degree (1947) - for developing the design of a new type of combat aircraft
Stalin Prize, first degree (1948) - for the creation of a new type of combat aircraft
Stalin Prize of the second degree (1949) - for the creation of a new aircraft unit
Stalin Prize, first degree (1952) - for the creation of the MiG-17 aircraft

Stalin Prize (1953)

Six Orders of Lenin,

Order of the October Revolution (posthumously),

Born in the mountain village of Sanahin (now within the city of Alaverdi, Lori region, Armenia), in the family of Hovhannes Nersesovich and Talida Otarovna. Armenian. Received primary education. Before being drafted into the army, he worked at a plant in Rostov-on-Don and then at the Dynamo plant in Moscow. After demobilization he entered the Air Force Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky, from which he graduated with honors in 1937.

In 1935, together with other students of the academy, he built his first aircraft - the light Oktyabryonok, which was highly praised by the Central Aero Club. After graduating from the academy, he was sent to work at State Aircraft Plant No. 1.

Formation of your own design bureau

In May 1939, work on the I-180 high-speed fighter was transferred to Plant No. 1. The design bureau of N.N. Polikarpov, who developed this model, was also transferred here. Polikarpov was appointed technical director and chief designer of the plant.

Soon N.N. Polikarpov was sent on a business trip to Germany. In his absence, plant director Pavel Voronin and chief engineer P.V. Dementyev separated from the design bureau some of the divisions and the best designers (including Mikhail Gurevich) and organized a new Experimental Design Department, and in fact - a new design bureau, the head of which he was appointed young aircraft designer A. I. Mikoyan. At the same time, Mikoyan was given a project for a new I-200 fighter (the future MiG-1), which Polikarpov sent to the People's Commissariat of Aviation Industry (NKAP) for approval before his trip to Germany.

On December 8, 1939, by order of the NKAP, Mikoyan was appointed head of KB-1 and deputy chief designer of plant No. 1. This day is considered the day the design bureau named after A.I. Mikoyan was founded.

Developments

Under his leadership (together with M.I. Gurevich and V.A. Romodin), the MiG-1 and MiG-3 fighter aircraft that participated in the Second World War were created. After the war, the Mikoyan Design Bureau created the MiG-15, MiG-17, MiG-19, MiG-21, MiG-23 and MiG-25 fighters.

Best of the day

55 world records were set on Mikoyan Design Bureau aircraft.

55 world records were set on aircraft developed under the leadership of Mikoyan. One of the pioneers of jet aviation in the USSR. After the war, he developed high-speed and supersonic front-line jet aircraft, many of which were produced in large series and were in service with the Air Force for a long time.

Demise

Artyom Ivanovich died on December 9, 1970. There is a memorial plaque in his honor at the famous "waterfront house" where he lived.

Awards

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1956, 1957),

6 Orders of Lenin,

Order of the Red Banner,

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree,

2 Orders of the Red Star.

Lenin Prize (1962)

6 Stalin Prizes (1941, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953).