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Doberman standard breed. Full characteristics of the Doberman breed

Doberman breed standard

A breed standard is an officially recognized document that describes all the necessary parameters that determine the properties of a given breed. It should contain information about the constitution, conformation, behavior and character, both desirable traits and undesirable ones for the breed, and their use.

The document begins with the words: "The aim of Doberman breeding is to produce a strong, muscular dog of medium size, which, despite all its density, retains nobility and elegance in the lines. It should be especially suitable for use as a companion, bodyguard, service dog and family friend."

A standard cannot be something established once and for all. Over time, tastes and views on the breed change, and the Doberman standard was no exception, also undergoing changes from an aesthetic point of view, reflecting the requirements of a changing world. At the time of the formation of the breed, the Doberman had many of the characteristics of the Rottweiler. Today, he is a slender, elegant dog with gracefully chiseled lines. Of course, he has become more beautiful, but the basis that makes the Doberman an excellent working dog remains the same.

It is the purpose of the breed that determines its structure.

FCI is the standard of the International Canine Federation.

Standard No. 143 approved on January 21, 1990.

General appearance and character.

A Doberman dog should be of medium size, muscular and strong in build, but not overly massive. Thanks to the elegant lines of his body, proud and slender posture, temperamental behavior and decisive actions, he corresponds to the ideal idea of a dog with normal anatomy. The Doberman is generally friendly, peaceful, very family-oriented, and loves children. Moderate temperament, moderate anger and moderate excitability are preferred. Along with obedience and hard work in the Doberman, you should pay attention to the presence of a protective and fighting instinct, courage and strength of character. Of particular importance to the assessment is self-confidence and fearlessness while maintaining a sensitive attitude towards others.

Dimensions and weight.

The following dimensions are provided for Doberman dogs: height at withers 68-72 cm for males, 63-68 cm for females. Desirable the average size. The total length of the body, measured from the sternum to the tuberosity of the ischium, is, on average. 7 cm. Weight for males: about 40-45 kg. Bitches weigh about 32-35 kg.

Head.

Skull part: strong, proportionate. When viewed from above, the head resembles a blunt wedge. The transverse line of the crown, when viewed from the front, should be almost horizontal, that is, not descend towards the ears. Being a parallel continuation of the line of the back of the nose, the line of the forehead decreases towards the back of the head with a slight rounding. The brow ridges are well developed, but do not protrude forward. The frontal groove is slightly visible. The occipital protuberance is not pronounced. When viewed from the front and above, the lateral surfaces of the head are not loaded (cheeks). The slight lateral convexity of the upper jaw and cheekbones is harmoniously combined with the overall length of the head. The muscles of the head are highly developed. The transition from the forehead to the muzzle is quite clearly developed.

Nose: The nose is well formed, rather wide than round, with large nostrils, and generally does not project forward. In black dogs it is black, in brown dogs it is lighter shades.

Muzzle: The muzzle should be in the correct relationship with the cranial part of the head, strongly developed, deep, with a mouth opening that reaches the molars. The muzzle should be of sufficient width in the area of the upper and lower incisors.

Cheeks and lips: The cheeks should be flat and muscular. The lips fit tightly and smoothly to the powerful jaws, ensuring complete closure of the mouth. The pigmentation is dark, with brown dogs having a lighter shade.

Jaws, bite, teeth: The upper and lower jaws are strong and wide. Well developed teeth should have a regular scissor bite. 42 teeth are arranged in accordance with the dental pattern, of normal size.

Eyes: Medium size, oval, dark color. In brown dogs, a lighter shade is allowed. Tightened eyelids. The edges of the eyelids are pubescent.

Ears: Set high, vertical, docked in accordance with the length of the head. If ear cropping is prohibited in a particular country, undocked ears (preferably average size, the leading edge should fit well to the cheek) are recognized as equivalent.

Quite long in comparison with the body and head, dry and muscular. The neck line is ascending and beautifully curved. The neck is held straight, with great nobility.

Frame.

Withers: should protrude, especially in males, in height and length and thus determine the direction of the back line ascending from the croup.

Back: short and strong. The dorsal and lumbar regions are quite wide and muscular. A bitch can be longer in the lumbar region, as she needs space for her mammary glands.

Croup: should barely noticeably descend from the rump to the base of the tail, thanks to this it seems quite rounded, in any case it can not be called either straight or sloping.

Breast: The length and width of the chest should be in correct proportion to the length of the body, while its depth, with slightly sprung ribs, should be approximately half the height at the withers. The chest is quite wide and especially emphasized, convex in front (forebreast).

Stomach: The abdominal wall from the end of the sternum to the pelvis is noticeably tucked up.

Tail: set high and docked short, retaining two distinct caudal vertebrae.

Testicles: In males, both testicles are normally developed and should be visibly visible in the scrotum.

Forelegs.

The forelimbs, when viewed from all sides, stand almost straight, that is, perpendicular to the ground, and are highly developed.

Shoulder blades: fit tightly to the chest, the scapula bone is covered with muscles on both sides. The upper edge of the scapula protrudes above the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae. Maximum inclined and well laid back, the angle of inclination to the horizontal is about 50 degrees.

Shoulders: Suitable length, well muscled, scapula angle approximately 105 to 110 degrees.

Elbows: Well fitting, not turned out.

Forearms: Strong and straight, with well-developed muscles. The length is in harmony with the body.

Wrist joints: strong.

Pastern: The bones are strong, straight when viewed from the front, and in a barely noticeable inclined position from the side (maximum 10 degrees).

Front legs: short, closed. The toes are curved upward (cat paws), the claws are short and black.

Hind limbs.

When viewed from behind, the Doberman, due to its pronounced pelvic muscles, has wide, rounded hips and croup. The muscles stretching from the pelvis to the thigh and lower leg provide sufficient width in the thigh, knee and lower leg areas. Strong hind legs straight and parallel.

Hips: of sufficient length and width, with strong muscles. Sufficient flexion angle of the hip joint (about 80 - 85 degrees to the horizontal).

Knee: The knee joint is strong, formed by the thigh and tibia, as well as the kneecap. The knee angle is approximately 130 degrees.

Shin: Of medium length, commensurate with the total length of the hind legs.

Hock joints: moderately strong, parallel to each other. The bones of the lower leg and metatarsus are connected at the hock joint to the bones of the metatarsus (at an angle of about 140 degrees).

Metatarsus: short, perpendicular to the ground.

Hind legs: short, fingers arched and closed, just like the front ones. The claws are short and black.

Movement mechanism.

The movement mechanism is of particular importance, both for performance and for exterior. The step is elastic, elegant, energetic, free, sweeping. The forelimbs are thrown as far forward as possible. The back of the body, like a spring, ensures further transmission of the necessary pushing force. The front leg on one side and the back leg on the other side are thrown forward at the same time. The back, ligaments and joints are characterized by good strength.

Coat and color.

Wool: short, hard and thick. It fits tightly and smoothly to the skin and is evenly distributed over the entire surface. The presence of undercoat is not allowed.

Color: Black or dark brown with rusty-red, reddish-red, clearly defined and clean tan markings. The tan is located on the muzzle in the form of spots on the cheeks and above the upper eyelids, on the throat, on the chest in the form of two spots, on the pasterns, metatarsals and paws, on the inner surfaces of the thighs, around the anus and on the ischial tuberosities.

Flaws.

General appearance.

Insufficiently expressed gender characteristics. Insufficient substance, light build, excessive massiveness, upturned legs, weak bones.

Head.

Too massive, small, too narrow, too short, too sharp or smooth transition from the forehead to the muzzle, “Roman” (humpbacked) nose, insufficient parallelism of the upper lines of the head, weak lower jaw, round or slit-like eyes, too convex cheeks, convex or eyes that are too deep-set, ears that are set too high or too low, drooping lips, open corners of the mouth.

Somewhat shortened, too short, disproportionately long. The presence of a dewlap, dewlap, deer neck.

Frame.

Back: not strong, sloping croup, sagging, carp-shaped, excessive or insufficient convexity of the ribs, insufficient depth or width of the back, overall too long back, insufficiently developed forebreast, tail set too high or too low, underbelly tucked in too little or too much.

Limbs.

Insufficient or excessive angulation of the joints of the front or hind limbs, “loose” elbows, deviating from the standard position of the joints and the length of the bones, turning of the toes inward or outward, cow-like, barrel-shaped or close stance of the hind limbs, loose or soft paws, dewclaws, light-colored claws.

Coat.

Too light, ill-defined, unclean (smeared) tan, too dark mask, large dark spots on the legs, barely noticeable or too wide tan on the chest. Long, soft matte wavy coat, with sparse or hairless areas. Large curls of fur, noticeable undercoat, especially on the body.

Character.

Lack of self-confidence, excessive temperament, too high anger, aggressiveness, too low or too high threshold of excitability.

Size.

Size deviation from standard to 2 cm. cause a decrease in the assessment of the exterior.

Movement mechanism.

Unsteady, mincing, bound gait and ambling.

Disqualifying faults.

Common vices. An obvious perversion of the sexual type.

Eyes. Yellow (eyes of a bird of prey), discordant eyes.

Bite. Overshot, pincer bite, undershot and missing teeth.

Testes. Unilateral or complete cryptorchidism.

Coat. Presence of white spots, clearly long and wavy coat, clearly sparse coat, large bare areas.

Character. Shy, timid, nervous and overly aggressive.

Size. Dogs that deviate from the standard by more than 2 cm in one direction or another.

Information from the website of the Russian Cynological Federation
A fragment of the picture is a diagram of the structure of a Doberman pinscher from the website of the American Doberman Pinscher Club (keep in mind that this club has a standard that is different from the FCI)

Dobermans are cold and indifferent towards all living beings except their families. They are quite aggressive if it is necessary to defend the territory or the owners, but at home they behave very restrained with proper strict education. Training is necessary element keeping such a dog.

Externally, you can always determine how pure the line of a particular representative is. There are a number of breed standards that were adopted back in 1994 - purebred Dobermans must meet them.

Height and weight of an adult Doberman

Dobermans are medium-sized dogs. Their maximum weight is up to 45 kg for males, up to 35 kg for females, and height is up to 72 cm for males, up to 68 cm for females. That is, Doberman males are much larger in appearance than females.

Height - males up to 72 cm, females up to 68 cm;
Weight - males up to 45 kg, females up to 35 kg.

The dog's appearance corresponds to the idea of ideal anatomy - a muscular and strong physique without excessive massiveness. These are the ideal indicators of an adult animal. Differences from them may be caused by certain individually dog's life.

Height and weight of a Doberman puppy by month

The table of height and weight of a Doberman from 1 month of life to a year shows that during this time the size of the dog reaches its maximum. The Doberman's weight increases over the months at such a rate that after a year it is already 10 times more than in the first month. This, of course, depends on a properly balanced diet, which you can also read about on the Give a Paw website.

Puppy age	Puppy weight (male/female)	Puppy height (male/female)
1 month	3.8/3.5 kg	27/22 cm (height at withers)
2 months	8.7/7.8 kg	40/33 cm
3 months	14/12.3 kg	49/43 cm
4 months	18.5/16.5 kg	56/50 cm
5 months	22.5/20.3 kg	60/55 cm
6 months	26/23 kg	64/58 cm
7 months	27.8/24.5 kg	66/60 cm
8 months	29.5/25.6 kg	68/62 cm
9 months	31.2/26.6 kg	69/64 cm
10 months	33/27.5 kg	70/65 cm
11 months	34/28 kg	71/65 cm
12 months	35/29 kg	72/65 cm

If at any of the presented ages the pet does not correspond to the specified proportions, then you need to contact a specialist. If the dog is underweight, it is necessary to introduce additional nutritious food into the dog’s diet; if it is overweight, on the contrary, transfer your pet to dietary food. All indicators must be monitored very carefully. A breed like the Doberman needs very close attention from a very young age.

Interesting and useful information about the breed

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

Content

The question of choosing a pet often depends on the character of the future family friend and his requirements for the owner’s living conditions. In addition, many potential owners want the animal to be energetic, loyal and devoted. One of these is the Doberman Pinscher breed. Find out the history of the appearance of the breed, read the rules for caring for its representatives.

History of the Doberman breed

The line of slender, lean dogs is considered young - the public saw the first representative in 1876. These strong, noble animals owe their origin to Friedrich Louis Dobermann. The tax inspector wanted to breed another guard breed. According to one version, the reason for this was the need for protection from debtors, but since not a single record of the breeder remains, the true motives for creating the Doberman Pinscher are unknown to anyone.

The prototype of the Doberman is considered to be a miniature pinscher, which the inspector wanted to increase in size. To obtain the desired dog, the German had to cross representatives of different breeds for a long time. It is known for sure that when breeding, in addition to miniature pinschers, the breeder used German and French shepherds (smooth-haired Beaucerons), Rottweilers, and English greyhounds. He was also “helped” by setters, mastiffs, pointers and terriers.

Friedrich Louis Doberman still managed to get a dog similar to his miniature ancestor, but with power and impressive size. The success of the German tax inspector was assessed in 1894 (after the death of the breeder). At the same time, the entire breed of Doberman dogs was named after his surname. Over the past 40 years, the albino Doberman has become popular, having not the usual black or chocolate coat, but white. These dogs look beautiful, but it was found that the change in color is a gene mutation that negatively affects the health of the animals, especially in the eyes.

What does a Doberman look like?

It is difficult not to recognize a representative of this breed among other four-legged dogs - a muscular dog with well-developed muscles, a proud, straight posture and “trademark” erect ears. The dog's body is athletically built, the main lines of the body practically outline a square. The animal has a moderately wide, strong bone structure, a slightly sloping topline and a taut bottom line. The sizes of individuals are estimated as large and medium, and height and weight depend on gender: the height of males at the withers is 68-72 cm with a weight of 40-45 kg, females - 63-68 cm with 32-35 kg.

Limbs are set straight. The tail is long and thin, with a graceful curve. The muzzle is wide, the transition line is smooth, a charming “smile” reveals snow-white strong teeth. Chocolate-colored dogs have light brown eyes, darker in individuals with a light color. The gaze is tenacious, vigilant. The ears are set high, drooping, medium in size, V-shaped, close to the cheekbones. After cropping, the ears need to be fixed in a standing position using a structure made of bandage and wire. Your breeder or veterinarian will tell you how to build it.

IFF standard

The current breed standard dated December 17, 2015 provides for certain parameters that a purebred Doberman Pinscher service dog must meet. The criteria for the Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard are as follows:

The head is narrow, clearly separated from the nape, and when viewed from above it looks like a blunt wedge. The two upper lines run parallel, separated by a clear transition from the forehead to the muzzle.
The muzzle is wide, deep, lips tightly closed. Scissor bite, teeth (42 units) white. The skin on the face is tightly stretched and has good pigmentation. The muscles are flat, dry, and sculpted in appearance.
The ears fit perfectly to the cheeks, located on both sides of the skull, at its highest point. Left natural.
The eyes are dark, medium size, not protruding. For ash and brown dogs, light eye shades are acceptable.
The nose is the same tone as the overall coat color.
The neck is muscular, dry, set high, in harmony with the proportions of the head and body.
The withers are long and well developed (especially in males).
The back is strong, short, goes into a powerful loin, sloping croup. The loin is muscular, elastic, slightly convex. The chest is wide, oval, the ribs are lowered to the elbow line. The abdomen is pulled up from the edge of the sternum, and a characteristic undercut is noticeable from the side.
The forelimbs are located at right angles and have prominent dry muscles. The glenohumeral joints are located at an angle of 100 degrees. Sheer forearms are straight, elbows looking back are pressed to the chest. The wrists are strong and wide. The pasterns are elastic, strong, almost vertical. The paws are brought together into a ball.
The hind limbs are distinguished by well-developed muscles. Knee joints have a large stroke angle.
The tail remains natural length. Ideally, it is carried high in the form of a slight curve.
The movements are free, the step is light and sweeping. When walking, both pairs of limbs simultaneously touch the ground, with the front paws moving forward and the hind paws providing the necessary strength.

Doberman pinscher color

Representatives of the breed have short guard hair of moderate stiffness, which fits tightly to the body. Animals have no undercoat. The international standard allows the following colors of pinschers:

Brown with red-orange tan, yellow-brown. The eyelids, nose, outer lip line and paw pads of such individuals are slightly lighter or to match the main color. It is preferable for the eyes to be dark brown, but light shades are not considered a defect.
Black, black with red tan, with a blue tint. The extreme line of the lips, nose, eyelids and paw pads are black, the iris is dark brown.

Disqualifying faults

Any litter can produce dogs that do not meet the generally accepted breed standard. The following are considered disqualifying faults:

general vices characterized by obvious perversion of the sexual type;
yellow eyes, odd eyes;
undershot (more than 0.5 cm) or overshot (more than 0.3 cm), pincer bite or partial teeth;
complete or unilateral cryptorchidism;
wavy or long hair, the presence of white spots on it, sparse hair or large bare areas;
fearful, nervous, timid or overly aggressive character;
deviation from the standard dimensions in one direction or another is more than 2 cm.

Working qualities of dogs and their use in service

The Doberman is not only the favorite of every member of the family in which he lives, he is also a courageous, hardy dog, whose characteristic features are sensitivity, lightning-fast reaction, and fearlessness. These versatile dogs, with a strong build, are ideal for detection and protection, so they can be found in the following services:

protective guard;
policewoman;
search and rescue;
wanted;
customs.

Character of Dobermans and behavioral features

Rumor ascribes to the representatives of the breed a ferocious disposition. The judgment is only partly true. The Doberman Pinscher shows aggression only when the owner is in danger, while in everyday life the dog is distinguished by restraint. The advantages of the animal include high intelligence, attentiveness, fearlessness, obedience and loyalty to its owner. As for the character and behavioral characteristics, potential owners evaluate the dog on the following points:

Relationships with people and other animals. Accustomed to life within the family, the pet becomes a full member of it. You won't find a more devoted friend. The dog gets along well with children and gets along with pets, especially if it has been trained to do so. early age. It is important to accustom your dog to the absence of family members, because if left alone, he will constantly howl and bark. A well-developed protective instinct leads to the fact that the Pinscher is often distrustful or openly aggressive towards other people's dogs.
Pet's temperament. Depending on gender, temperament varies: females are more stubborn and dominate males. The Doberman is proud, balanced, noble, elegant.
High mental abilities. Dogs are very smart, thanks to which they quickly learn and remember commands. In addition, they have an innate instinct: the pinscher is listed in the Guinness Book of Records for being recognized as the best sniffer dog.

Puppy selection criteria

Before purchasing, you should immediately decide for what purpose you need the animal. If you want to raise a titled champion, you will first have to visit a lot of professional nurseries to choose the appropriate option, then provide your baby with enhanced care. In cases where a security guard and simply a devoted family friend is needed, the choice becomes a little easier. When buying a puppy, you need to take into account the following factors:

General state. The baby's coat should be shiny and clean. Stroke the puppy, feeling the skin: in a healthy representative of the breed it is slightly loose, there is room for growth.
Age (minimum 9 weeks). The puppy must receive its first vaccination and anthelmintic prophylaxis. This also applies to docking the tail and ears. The breeder is required to provide documents indicating the procedures performed and dates.
Eyes. The baby’s clear, attentive gaze, the absence of mucus and dirt in the corners of the eyes and in the inner folds indicate that the dog is fine.
Weight. A properly cared for puppy weighs about 8-9 kg (female about 7-8 kg).
Character. Bitches are flexible and willing to make contact with new people; males are more active and impulsive.
Number of babies in the litter. A single litter of 4-5 (rarely 6) pinscher puppies is considered acceptable.
Pedigree. A responsible breeder will always allow the pups to see their mother. A bitch who does not show aggression and has a healthy appetite is a guarantee that there is no need to worry too much about the kids.
Availability of documents. In a verified kennel, the buyer is provided with a pedigree of the dog up to the fourth generation, and is given a blue AKC form for registration. If a small pinscher is registered to a breeder, then a white form is issued, where on one side the data of the former owner is written, and the other remains blank for filling out information about the new owner.
Conditions of detention. A nursery with musty, cramped enclosures is not the best place where to make such an expensive purchase. Keeping a puppy in such conditions can cause the baby to become timid and uncontrollable aggression in the future.

Where can I buy

If you nevertheless decide to purchase a Doberman Pinscher that has all the necessary documents about its vaccinations, then you should familiarize yourself with trusted nurseries that specialize in breeding this breed. There are several of them in Moscow and St. Petersburg:

"GretchenDorf" a - Moscow;
Doberman nursery Iz Zoosfera - Moscow;
"OttoGeller" a - Moscow;
"Versailles Magnifique" ("Versailles Manifique") - St. Petersburg;
"SantaJulf" - St. Petersburg.

How much do Doberman Pinscher puppies cost?

The average price for such animals ranges from 20-40 thousand rubles. The cost can reach up to 55 thousand rubles if you make a purchase from a nursery that breeds elite individuals. For a baby sold at a poultry market or through an advertisement on the Internet, they may ask for a significantly lower amount, but such a dog may not grow up to be a Doberman Pinscher at all. Estimated cost for four-legged babies:

Raising and training a pet

The Doberman Pinscher is an intelligent dog that needs consistent training. The dog is used to dominating animals and even people, therefore, so that in the future it does not turn into an uncontrollable monster, when training the owner, it is important to emphasize his own superiority over the pet. It is necessary to show that you are the owner - the leader in the family, that you are always in control of the situation. Only in this case will the pinscher unquestioningly carry out your commands. After the animal has mastered simple commands, you can involve other family members in the process so that the dog gets used to obeying them.

Early socialization

With a pet under two years of age, you definitely need to take a lot of walks, show him unfamiliar places, teach him to be calm towards other dogs and strangers, and to react normally to loud sounds (for example, firecrackers exploding), foreign odors, and traveling in public transport. Thanks to such early comprehensive socialization, the psyche of your family’s pet will be formed correctly, which will affect his behavior and obedience in adulthood.

Sports training

You need to start teaching your pet basic commands like “come”, “stand”, “sit”, “place” and “fu” from the first days after coming to the new house. You can consolidate knowledge at any time: while bathing, while feeding. It is better that training takes place in game form and took no more than 15 minutes. It is advisable to learn the commands one at a time - when the puppy has 100% mastered one, you can move on to the next. At first, it is recommended to teach the baby at home, then move to a quiet place outside. Only when the animal begins to obey can you practice in crowded, noisy places.

From the age of 6 months, it is advisable to take your pet through a general training course (general training course), where professionals will teach you communication skills with a large breed. It is not necessary to take a course in protective guard service, because the pinscher is an excellent defender by nature. ZKS (protective guard service) courses help the dog control its aggression, identify and respond correctly to danger.

It is worth noting that a mandatory point in raising a representative of this breed is sports activities. Games will help the dog to throw out accumulated energy and further strengthen contact with the owner:

Frisbee is an activity for active dogs who love to catch flying saucers.
Agility is a sport for representatives of many breeds, which consists of training four-legged animals to overcome various obstacles, developing accuracy and speed.
Obedience is a special technique in which a dog is trained to work together with a person under his control.

Active walks with physical activity by age

Doberman Pinscher dogs need daily walking. Walks can be carried out in different ways, the main idea is to stimulate the animal’s physical activity. It is important to take into account the age of the pet: for example, the duration of a walk for a puppy should be about 30-60 minutes - you can take it with you to the store or take a walk in the park, while learning the simplest commands while playing ball.

It is advisable to walk with an adult dog in the morning and evening, allotting 1.5-2 hours for one walk. You can engage in active sports such as jogging or cycling, and the animal will be happy to accompany you during this time. No less interesting for your pet are games where he needs to fetch a thrown ball or stick or catch a disc.

The Doberman Pinscher is highly active. A dog can live in a city apartment, but it will need to be walked for a long time and constantly occupied interesting games or toys, otherwise it will ruin all the furniture. The ideal option for keeping would be private property with a large local area, because it is impossible to accustom a dog to a leash - as soon as you put it on a chain, the pet will immediately lose its appetite, and the apathy that appears will very soon turn into anger.

Arrangement of a spacious enclosure

A Doberman Pinscher puppy should not be allowed to run around the local area - it must have its own fenced area. Some breeders do not even sell babies to people who do not have a spacious enclosure for their pet. In the warm months, there are no difficulties with housing - the dog sleeps peacefully even without a booth, protecting his possessions. By the onset of cold months, the enclosure will have to be insulated for wintering, because short hair does not protect the animal from frost. It is recommended to dress a dog living in an apartment in overalls during winter walks, and it is advisable to wear shoes.

Pet bathing and grooming

Mandatory water procedures in the form of rubbing the coat must be done every week. Thanks to this method, the animal’s skin is not only moisturized, but also dead areas are removed and adhered dirt is removed. It is not recommended to thoroughly bathe the Doberman Pinscher more than once every 2-3 months (many owners even increase the break to 6 months), but it is better to use a special dog shampoo. The procedure itself consists of the following steps:

comb the coat before washing;
Apply shampoo carefully to the dog’s body, making sure that the product does not get into the eyes;
rinse off the foam, then wipe the wool with a towel.

The owners of these smooth-haired dogs do not have any special problems with caring for their coat: in most cases, the dog shakes off dust and debris on its own. The owner should only brush the pet weekly with a special, not too hard brush. In spring and summer, it is advisable to iron the coat daily to help your pet get rid of excess hair that forms during shedding.

Ear cropping and care

In our country, Dobermans are often found with erect ears - this way the organs are better ventilated, but because of this, water, dirt, and dust easily get into them. Cropped ears should be examined every 2-3 weeks, and it is recommended to clean the ear shells using cotton swabs or a bandage and special ear drops for dogs (using hydrogen peroxide for rinsing is prohibited). During manipulations, the ear stick must be inserted to the depth of the vertical canal so that it remains within sight. Otherwise, you risk damaging your eardrum.

Whether or not to carry out the ear cropping procedure depends only on the desire of the breeder or the new dog owner - there are no specific requirements in this regard. In the homeland of Dobermans, in Germany, the ears of representatives of the breed are no longer cropped. In Russia, cropped ears are acceptable as standard, just like undocked ones. This also applies to tails - the choice remains with the owner of the animal.

Hygiene procedures

The eyes of representatives of the breed are deep-set, so mucus constantly accumulates in the corners. For this reason, it is advisable to inspect this area daily. The deposits must be carefully removed with a soft cloth, using a new piece for each eye. It is important to look closely at the color of the discharge: gray or yellow ones are best removed using Optrex. If mucus forms regularly and the eyes turn red, then it is better to take the dog to the veterinarian for examination.

Beautiful teeth are a hallmark of a well-groomed dog. You need to inspect your mouth daily, removing any plaque that has formed with a cotton swab and tooth powder, and using tweezers to remove chips and bones stuck between the teeth. The dog needs to brush its teeth 2-4 times a month with a special dog brush and toothpaste, and then treat it with a spray that prevents plaque.

A dog's claws grow very quickly, so they need to be trimmed once a week. The difficulty is that the vein is not visible through the black claws. To avoid bleeding, only the ends of an adult pinscher are cut with guillotine scissors. When working with a puppy's claws, use a manicure file. During the procedure, you should pay attention to the pinscher’s paws. Thorns can dig into the pads and seeds can get stuck, which need to be removed immediately. If cuts or cracks appear, treat the wound with an antiseptic/permanganate as soon as possible.

Food and menu features

This smooth-haired, stately “aristocrat” is not at all fussy about food. You can feed your dog both ready-made dry food and natural food, dividing the total amount into two feedings - morning and evening. The animal loves meat, but this product should not be more than 40% of the total food. The remaining 60% of the diet should come from:

porridge (rice, buckwheat, millet);
boiled sea fish, boned;
cottage cheese, dairy products(kefir, yogurt);
vegetables, bran, cereals;
raw cabbage and carrot salad.

Puppy diet

The menu for small dogs under 1 year of age is recommended to be given Special attention. They need the most balanced nutrition that would cover the needs of a growing body and replenish actively consumed energy. For example, a diet might look like this:

A month old Doberman Pinscher is fed 5-6 times a day. The menu consists of 450-500 ml of milk, 200 g of meat (preferably beef), 100-150 g of cottage cheese, about 80 g of cereals, up to 150 g of vegetables and one egg yolk.
A baby 2-3 months old is fed less often - 3-4 times a day. Add 50 g of cereals and vegetables to the usual menu, and increase the portion of meat by another 100 g.
A 5-month-old adolescent is given food in three doses. For a day he will need 0.5 liters of milk, about 600 g of meat, 200 g of cereal and cottage cheese. The recommended amount/day of vegetables is up to 150 g. Once a week, the dog is given a whole egg.
Starting from the age of one year, the pinscher is transferred to two meals a day, distributing 700 g of meat, 500 g of cottage cheese, 300-400 g of cereals and vegetables per day. Fish is gradually introduced into the menu - 700 g/week.

Health and hereditary diseases

The Doberman Pinscher dog is an athletically built handsome dog whose life expectancy is, on average, about 14-16 years. The breed is practically not susceptible to allergies or eye diseases such as cataracts, but such four-legged animals are still prone to some diseases. These include:

Wobbler syndrome. The disease is typical for animals of large breeds that grow quickly. Signs include poor coordination and uneven gait. If any symptoms appear, it is better to immediately visit a veterinarian, who will prescribe anti-inflammatory and painkillers and prescribe treatment.
Extensive cardiomyopathy.
Von Willebrand disease is a genetic disorder that causes internal bleeding.
Gastric volvulus.
Hypothyroidism, characterized by abnormal activity of the thyroid gland.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system: hip dysplasia and elbow ligaments.
Obesity (often seen in mature and older dogs).

This is one of the famous German breeds, bred by Louis Dobermann, a tax collector who had to carry a lot of money in dangerous crime-prone places.

Therefore, he set out to create a dog that could protect and whose appearance would cause admiration.

And he succeeded.

To breed the Doberman, breeds such as the Weimaraner, Manchester Terrier, Rottweiler, German Pinscher and English Greyhound were used. The first show at the exhibition took place in 1876. And it was from that moment that they gained popularity and continued success. However, their enormous popularity played a bad role for this breed. Breeders for obtaining more profit created bad lines prone to nervousness, and unscrupulous owners did not always raise their pets properly. But if a puppy from good breeders lives in a responsible family, then he will become an excellent companion, guard and nanny.

Reference. Due to their large size, Dobermans are prone to heart disease.

Characteristics and standards

The Doberman is a large, muscular, stately, graceful and elegant dog with a proud bearing. This four-legged friend has a brave and decisive character and lively temperament. His harmonious physique and strength are the qualities that allow him to develop very high speed. This is a very dexterous and maneuverable dog. Its peculiarity is that when freely walking, it runs only at a gallop, while it can quickly change the speed and direction of running.

Group of Dobermans

All representatives of this breed are varied in behavior, but they all have common character traits and thinking. Dobermans are very intelligent, their training can be based on imitation. They are easy to train. They contain such qualities as:

a highly developed hunting instinct, which plays a good role in the service, for example, when catching a criminal;
strength, perseverance, courage (this dog does not know how to give up, he is ready to die for his owner in battle);
well-developed mind (among the ten smartest dogs);
devotion.

Color

The color may be as follows:

blue;
pale yellow;
brown or black with red markings;
sometimes found with sparse white markings;
isabella or fawn;
white (albino).

Acceptable colors

The very first color was black with red markings, followed by a brown color. The deer color was not accepted as a standard for a long time; it was considered defective. In 1991, he was finally recognized.

A color with a white spot on the chest is allowed, but it must be no more than 3 mm in diameter. Black color is possible with a red or blue tint and is considered acceptable.

Albino

They are light cream in color with a bronze tint. Albinos are less courageous and decisive than representatives of other colors. They are more likely to have skin diseases. They are very sensitive to light. They often close their eyes in the light. Albinos are not suitable as service dogs, as they are naturally cowardly and timid.

Blue Doberman syndrome

Blue Doberman syndrome is a skin disease that is not limited to this breed. It is also called “color mutational alopecia.” It manifests itself in baldness in different parts of the dog’s body. This is not a congenital condition and can be detected between 6 months and 3 years of age.

Color mutational alopecia occurs due to the weakening of color genes in dogs. Found in brown, blue and white Dobermans. The first signs appear on the back along the spine, on the neck. But does not affect the tail, head and paws. In these areas, the skin becomes covered with dead scales and a bacterial or fungal infection may be present.

Breed characteristics

Dimensions:

The Doberman's weight is from 30 to 40 kg.
Height at the withers is 60–70 cm. The best height for a female is 65 cm, for a male - 68.5 cm.
The head length of a male is 29–31 cm, that of a female is 26–29 cm.
The length of the muzzle in a male is 13.5–15 cm, in a female – 12.5–14 cm.
The girth of the skull in a male is 40–43 cm, in a female it is 36–39 cm.
The chest circumference of a male is 83–95 cm, that of a female is 76–88 cm.
The depth of the chest in a male is 33-36 cm, in a female - 31-34 cm.
The chest width of the male is 28–30 cm, that of the female is 23–25 cm.
The girth of the mouth for a male is from 11 cm, for a female - from 10 cm.

Skeleton

Frame: the back is short and strong; the loin is muscular, short; the croup is wide, sloping; the stomach is tucked up and forms a beautiful curved bottom line; the neck is long and graceful; The chest is moderately wide, convex, the ribs slightly protrude; there should be hair down to the knees; the tail is set high (needs to be docked).

Bite force - 8.4 atmospheres, and the bite power (jaw clenching) of an average Doberman is about 143 kg.

Speed while running is 35–38 km/h.

IMPORTANT! There are no long-haired Dobermans. The FCI-recognized breed standard specifies only smooth-coated, wire-haired Dobermans.

Features of adult Dobermans

Adults have behavior consistent with upbringing from an early age, regardless of gender. In order for a dog to become a true companion, you need to devote time to training from its very childhood. But there are still differences by gender.

Bitches are more obedient and do not try very hard to take the place of leader in the family. They are good with children and will not be jealous if you have a child. But they require a delicate attitude towards themselves, they are sensitive and know how to take offense. They will not let their family be offended; they are cold and indifferent to strangers.

Males are more stubborn and require a lot of attention. An adult dog requires a very strong and strong-willed active owner, otherwise he will take on the role of leader. A male dog needs to be shown who is boss from the very first day he becomes a member of your family.

IMPORTANT! Under no circumstances raise your hand to your pet, especially to a male dog; he may perceive this as a challenge to fight, despite the fact that you are his owner.

The loyalty of these dogs is very strong. There were cases when one of a pair of Dobermans died, and then the second, suffering from melancholy, after a while also died. All the character traits and devotion of this amazing breed were demonstrated as best as possible in the 1991 film “Angel Eyes”.

To summarize, we can say: the Doberman is a strong and very beautiful dog. An excellent friend and protector for the family, provided they are raised from early childhood. He needs a person who can overcome his stubbornness, and in return he will receive a fearless protector, a friend for himself and his entire family. Such a pet requires a lot of physical activity and long walks. Studying is his favorite pastime.