What is herbal extract? Extracts from medicinal plants
Already in ancient times, humanity learned to use medicinal purposes medicinal and aromatic substances contained in plants. For this purpose, extracts were made from plants.
Ornamental medicinal herbs: mullein, pink stockrose, chamomile, calendula, mantle, lavender, sedum, gravilate, hyssop, yarrow.
Herbal oil
You can easily prepare the most famous herbal oils, for example, from peppermint, St. John's wort, lavender, dill, thyme, rosemary and lemon balm. Essential oils dissolve in fatty oils, such as olive, sunflower or almond, creating a medicinal extract.
For 1 liter of vegetable oil (olive is best), add a handful of herbs. The resulting mixture is exposed to the sun for 2-3 weeks and regularly shaken vigorously. At this time, the desired active substances of the herbs are transferred into the oil. Ripened St. John's wort oil turns dark red because the flowers contain the coloring agent hypericin.
The finished oil is filtered through a hair sieve to remove the grass and poured into decorative dishes. If you put fresh flowers into the finished oil again, the concentration active substances and the healing properties of the oil will increase.
Herbal oils from arnica, chamomile, lavender, rosemary, mullein, lemon balm and mint are commonly used for rubbing and massage. They are also added to baths and used in for cosmetic purposes for skin care(oils from calendula, St. John's wort, marshmallow, carob clover and rosemary).
For therapeutic mouth rinse They use oils from sage, mint, lemon balm and calendula. Such oils are good for gum disease, tooth decay and bad breath.
Herbal alcohol
Herbal alcohols and liqueurs, homemade bitters, used for heaviness in the stomach, are among the well-proven and therefore favorite recipes traditional medicine. After a heavy meal, for indigestion and in many other cases, herbal alcohols demonstrate exceptional effectiveness.
Wide-necked bottles are filled with herbs (a large handful of herbs per 1 liter) and topped with pure alcohol or vodka (minimum 30%). The sealed bottle is placed in a sunny place for 2-3 weeks to mature. It is advisable to shake the contents of the bottle frequently. Finally, the contents are filtered and the finished alcohol is poured into a dry bottle. Herbal alcohol can be made sweet or bitter. In both cases it will keep well. When making herbal liqueur, it is preferable to dissolve sugar in boiling water. You can also use maple syrup.
To prepare herbal alcohol, use a mixture of lemon balm, lovage, all types of mint, gentian roots, St. John's wort, thorn fruits, arnica, rosemary, thyme, as well as caraway, hyssop and wormwood (in small quantities).
Medicinal and spicy wines
To prepare homemade herbal wines, use impeccable white, red or other sweet wines. For 1 liter of wine, add a handful (about 30-40 g) of the selected herb. The herb is placed in a bottle, closed and placed in a dark place at room temperature. After a sufficiently long period of time, the wine is filtered and consumed. Medicinal and spicy wines are preserved with proper filtration from several months when using dry red and white wines as a base and up to several years when using sweet wines.
For self-cooking Spiced wines use fragrant woodruff (in small quantities), rosemary, basil, lemon balm, wormwood (in small quantities) and hyssop (limited), all types of mint, sage, lavender, chamomile, etc.
Fresh herbal juices
The most famous juice is nettle juice. In the spring, it is recommended to drink a course of juices from well cress, verbena, beremen and a wide variety of herbs, for example, shepherd's purse, jasmine, snapdragon. The purified plant mass should be as fresh as possible. It is also possible to temporarily freeze juices in ice cube trays. Vegetable juices are highly diluted before consumption. mineral water, milk or yogurt. Juices squeezed from herbs are used only fresh.
Tinctures, herbal extracts
To prepare tinctures, fresh and dry (powdered or crushed) starting material is used. The herbs are placed in a bottle and filled with wine alcohol, closed and left for 10-14 days. It is recommended to shake the bottle regularly. The tincture is then filtered and bottled. A few drops of tincture are added during treatment or as a preventive measures in cold or hot herbal teas, however, more often they are used for external use as compresses, for foot baths and hand baths. In this case, the tincture is added to the water.
Herbal ointments, balms and creams
Medicinal ointments are prepared from emollient semi-fat or fatty substances. Both fresh and dried plants are used for their production.
Ointments and creams can also be prepared from herbal oils and tinctures. Fatty substances, such as lanolin, almond oil or lard, are used as a base, which are heated and filtered. Thickening of the ointment is achieved by using beeswax. The ointment will be stored longer if, after filling the jars with ointment, you pour paraffin on top of them. Self-prepared medicinal ointments, balms and creams can be stored in the refrigerator for several weeks.
Herbal and vegetable compresses
Herbs such as plantain, marjoram, thyme, garlic, as well as onions, carrots, potatoes or cabbage leaves are kneaded, laid out on a clean scarf and used to treat sprains or bruises. Never put compresses on open wounds!
Herbal Bath Supplements
An aromatic herbal bath is one of the most enjoyable uses of medicinal herbs. You can use one type of herb to achieve a specific result, or 100 g of a mixture of different dry herbs to prepare an infusion (for one bath). Herbs can also be used in the following ways. Wrap the herb in gauze or other cotton material and tie it to form a bag, which is then tied under a running stream of water or placed directly into a bathtub filled with water. Place 50-100 g of dried herbs in a linen bag and lower it into the bath under running water. Thus the grass will give all its healing properties and aroma, and plant particles will not get into the water.
Herbal baths:
- Melissa helps to relax and relieve stress, and helps normalize sleep.
- Rosemary has a tonic effect, strengthens strength, charges with vigor and energy.
- Oregano and thyme help with colds and relieve muscle pain that occurs during the disease.
- Valerian for insomnia and neuroses.
- Chamomile for skin diseases and hemorrhoids.
- Lavender for neurosis and as a sedative, as well as for low blood pressure.
- Melissa for neuroses and neurotic heart diseases.
- Rosemary for low blood pressure.
- Thyme for respiratory diseases.
- Yarrow, all varieties of mint, and golden lemon balm are often used.
Section "HERBS" - publication of the book "Greens and Herbs" from the series "Timiryazev Academy Advises", publishing house EKSMO-Press and Lik-Press, 2001.
In general terms, all options for preparing extracts (from liquid to dry) consist of the following steps:
1. Grinding of plant materials
2. Preparation of the extractant (water, water-alcohol mixture, chloroform water, water with added acids or ammonia, base oil, wine, etc.);
3. Obtaining the primary extract;
4. Cleaning the hood from ballast substances (settling, filtration, alcohol purification, etc.);
5. Evaporation (for thick and dry extracts);
6. Drying (for dry extracts)
Let us highlight in more detail the subtleties of each stage of the extraction process.
1. Grinding of plant materials
In many cooking recipes, it is recommended to grind the raw materials as finely as possible so that diffusion processes occur more intensively. However, in practice it is known that if the grinding is too fine, the raw materials can cake, and if they contain mucous substances, they can become slimy, as a result of which the extractant (solvent) passes through such masses. it will go very badly. If the grinding is too fine, the number of torn cells sharply increases, which leads to the leaching of accompanying substances that contaminate the extract (proteins, mucus, pectins and other high-molecular compounds). In addition, a large number of suspended particles pass into the extractant. As a result, the extracts are cloudy, difficult to clarify and filter. Thus, it is necessary to grind to the optimal size:
leaves, flowers, herbs up to 3-5 mm;
stems, roots, bark up to 1-3 mm;
fruits and seeds up to 0.3-0.5 mm.
If the raw materials are properly crushed, the cellular structure and diffusion processes will proceed optimally efficiently, extraction will slow down, but the resulting extract will contain fewer mechanical impurities and will be easier to clean.
2. Select an extractant
There are aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic, alcoholic, glycerin, water-glycol (propylene glycol), oil, and CO2 extracts. During the extraction process, only part of the active substances from plant materials goes into the solvent. For example, if the extraction is carried out with water, then the final product will contain water-soluble substances and not fat-soluble ones, and vice versa. At home, the most popular “natural” solvents for extracts are water and vegetable oils. If you use only them, then a huge amount of biologically active substances will not be extracted from plants. Therefore, solvents such as alcohols, glycols (propylene glycol), hexane, etc. are considered more effective. The method of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is gaining popularity. The extractant here is liquid carbon dioxide, which turns into carbon dioxide and evaporates, leaving the isolated substances without any solvent impurities (the so-called dry plant extracts).
The main principle of extraction: each solvent at different temperatures extracts its benefits and after the cold method it is undesirable to heat it up: some substances may die
According to the solvent, we obtain extraction options.
EXTRAGENT IS WATER
Herbal infusions:
Used for delicate parts of plants - flowers, leaves) Parts of medicinal plants are crushed, weighed, placed in an enamel or porcelain bowl, filled with water at room temperature and heated for 15 minutes, preferably in a water bath. After cooling for an hour at room temperature, the infusion is filtered, the remainder of the boiled plants is squeezed out and water is added to the appropriate volume (usually herbal infusions are prepared at the rate of 1:10, i.e., from 10 parts by weight of the plant, 100 volume parts of the infusion are obtained). Herbal infusions are stored in a cool place for no more than 3-5 days.
Herbal decoctions:
Applicable to rough parts medicinal plants(roots, rhizomes, bark). Parts of medicinal plants are crushed, weighed, filled with water and heated for 30-40 minutes. Preparation of plant decoctions is usually carried out at a rate of 1:10 (from 10 parts of a medicinal plant or herb, 100 volumetric parts of decoction are obtained). Plant decoctions are stored for no more than 2-4 days.
EXTRAGENT ALCOHOL AND DERIVATIVES (vodka, moonshine, gin)
herbal tinctures:
Prepared from medicinal plants that are infused with alcohol. Alcohol is an excellent solvent and very effectively “sucks” all the useful components from the source material. The strength of alcohol when making tinctures has little effect on the amount medicinal product, pulled by him from the plant. Alcohol that is too strong is simply inconvenient to use when drinking drops, while weak alcohol requires a long infusion and is stored worse. Therefore, most often they use a solution of alcohol of “vodka” strength - 40-60 degrees.
EXTRAGENT MIXTURE OF ALCOHOL AND GLYCERIN
The composition of the aqueous-alcohol-glycerin extract is as close as possible to chemical composition plants. Water-alcohol-glycerin extraction provides longer storage, unlike aqueous infusions, and also preserves almost all the biologically active substances of the medicinal plant in soluble form, unlike dry extracts, where some of them are destroyed when dried.
Alcohol-glycerin extractant
Dry grass or fruits or pre-chopped roots are poured into a wide-necked jar. Fill the jar with a hot solution (40-50 C, heated in a water bath) of vodka and glycerin in a 1:2 ratio. The jar is filled either halfway (if the particles are small) or 3/4 (if the particles are larger). The mixture is heated in a water bath for half an hour. Then close the jar with a lid and place it in a warm, dark place for 2-3 weeks. Shake the jar every day. Sometimes - if there is a lot of raw material - after a week the liquid is squeezed out and new raw materials are poured with it, adding vodka with glycerin to the original volume. After infusion, put it in a dark place to air out. After 3-4 days (when the smell of alcohol stops), pour into a clean container and store in the refrigerator.
EXTRAGENT OIL
Infused oils are oils obtained from plants by steeping or infusing plant material in oil, a process that may also involve heat. The basic scheme is that the inflorescences or other part of the medicinal plant are filled with an oil carrier and infused for some time. With this method, the active ingredients of the plant are drawn out, providing, in combination with nutrients base oil for maximum therapeutic effect. Infused oils are very convenient to use, as they are used without prior dilution. These oils contain natural plant pigments and vitamins.
Oils for infusion
Infusions are infused with stable oils: almond, sasanqua, olive, avocado, coconut. The most stable is jojoba. It's a liquid wax, so it will transfer a lot of things that other bases won't. Almost odorless, suitable for use in oil perfumes. Unstable oils - with linolenic, linolenic acids (wheat germ, Walnut, poppy, primrose, black currant, etc.). Such oils quickly become rancid when left in warm conditions.
PREPARATION OF OILS.
Infusion oil from dry herbs. Cold method:
Grind the dried plants, place the powder in a tightly sealed container and add enough carrier oil to completely cover the plants. Mix the mixture well. Check your mixture after 24 hours and add more oil to cover the dry plants. Close the container tightly. Place it in a paper bag or box to protect it from light and place it in the sun for 7 or 10 days (or in a warm place) to infuse. Shake or stir the mixture every day. When the process is finished, strain the mixture, separating the oil from the plants, then squeeze out the remaining mass. Pour the oil into tightly sealed glass bottles, label and store in a cool, dark place.
Infusion oil from dry herbs. Hot simmer method
Grind dry plants, add base oil in the following proportion: for one weight part of powder - 5 parts of oil, place in a water bath, mix the mixture well, put it in a heated to 36-38 Simmer using low heat is called digestion. Ideally, you can continue the heating process for 10 days and nights at a temperature of approximately 36-38 C, stirring the mixture every two hours. , When the infusion process is finished, strain the mixture, separating the oil from the plant, then squeeze out the remaining mass. Do not filter warm or hot oil. Let the oil sit for a few days, then decant (carefully drain without stirring up any sediment) and filter. Pour the oil into tightly sealed glass bottles, label and store in a cool, dark place.
Infused oil from fresh plants. Cold infusion method
Infusions of fresh plants are in many cases better than their counterparts obtained from dried plants. You can use olive oil as a base. Remember, infused oil from petals or flowers should not be heated. 1. Fill a sealable container with alternating layers of cotton wool and flowers. The thickness of each layer should not exceed 0.6 cm. 2. Layers should be light and loose, they should not be pressed down. 3. Fill the container with your chosen base oil. 4. Close and screw the lid tightly. 5. Leave the vessel in a cool, dark place for 1 month. 6. Remove the contents of the vessel, trying to maintain the alternation of layers of cotton wool and colors as much as possible. 7. Place them under a press, then squeeze out the oil slowly and firmly. Remove plants and cotton wool. 8. Filter the oil infusion, if necessary, remove impurities and dust. 9. Store the oil in a brown glass bottle.
Infused oil from fresh plants. Hot simmer method
Wilt fresh plants for 12 hours (but do not dry them) or use fresh plants. Finely chop or grind fresh or wilted plants into a soft mass. Place this mixture in a steam bath. Add the selected fixed oil (olive, sesame or sweet almond oil is recommended) in an amount sufficient to obtain a thick mixture. Leave the lid uncovered for the first two days to allow the moisture to evaporate. Ideally, you can simmer the oil mixture for 10 days and nights at a temperature of approximately 36-38 ° C, stirring and sniffing it every two hours. If fresh plants in oil begin to ferment (change their smell), this should serve as an alarm signal for you. Increase the temperature to 50-55°C, and then immediately lower it to 36-38°C and continue the infusion procedure. (Sharp heat usually reduces fermentation activity.) When the infusion process is complete, strain the mixture, separating the oil from the plant (this is easiest to do while the mixture is still warm), then squeeze out the remaining mixture. The juices of fresh plants release water into the infusion. The presence of water in fatty oil favors the fermentation process, causing the oil to deteriorate faster, becoming rancid. To avoid this, all water should be removed before long-term storage. So, your oil infusion should stand in a clean glassware within 4 or 5 days. The vessel must not be shaken during the settling process. Water and other impurities will settle to the bottom. The oil must be very carefully drained or sucked out using a syringe. Water and impurities must be thrown away. After decanting, it is recommended to carry out the settling procedure again. The oil should be allowed to stand for a few more days, after which the water collected at the bottom should be removed. Pour the water-free oil into tightly sealed glass bottles and store in a cool, dark place.
It is impossible not to catch your eye on some unusual fruit. And usually an idea arises, maybe it’s worth growing flowers? When the morning starts with good feelings, the whole day flies by faster and more positively. Gardening is a desired hobby for many, which brings positive feelings not only to family members but also to all passersby. A flower garden is an excellent decoration for design.
AromatherapySOAP BY | Online store of raw materials for soap, cosmetics and aromatherapy
At home, beneficial substances can be extracted from a plant using water, oil or alcohol, which is why extracts are also called “extracts”. Water can extract water-soluble substances, oil can extract oil-soluble substances, and alcohol can extract both. The resulting extract is also called “macerate” or “infusion”.
Macerate
maceratus - softened, soaked. This is an extract obtained through the process of maceration - infusion, soaking the plant in a liquid solvent (oil, water or alcohol). This term is also used in cooking, denoting the process of softening dried or fresh fruits, vegetables, and spices with liquid in order to obtain greater taste and aroma.Infusion
infundo - to wet, saturate, saturate. An infusion is also an extract of beneficial substances from a plant using liquid (oil, water or alcohol). A simple example of an infusion is tea.How to make an infusion
- Dried herbs, flowers or berries are usually used as raw materials for infusion.
- The infusion liquid is heated (sometimes even to a boil) and poured onto the herbs, which are infused for some time.
- Once the infusion is ready, the liquid is filtered and used.
- For storage, the infusion is bottled, tightly sealed and placed in a cool place.
How long to infuse the infusion
- depends on the purpose of use;
- Due to the fact that the liquid is heated, the finished extract can be obtained very quickly. Within 15-30 minutes or after waiting for the liquid to cool.
- The oil infusion can be infused for several weeks. The healing properties of the oil will only increase.
What liquid (extractant) should be used for extraction?
The choice depends on what substances need to be extracted, i.e. dissolve. The following are used as extractants:
- water: water extracts are also called infusions or decoctions. Such extracts without a preservative do not last long.
- alcohol of varying concentrations: extracts containing alcohol are called tinctures. They have long term storage, but not suitable for everyone due to alcohol content.
- oil: using vegetable oil you can get a very healthy, aromatic and ready-to-use product with for a long time storage
In addition to these basic solvents, glycerin and their mixtures are also used at home:
- water-alcohol mixtures;
- water-glycerin mixtures;
- alcohol-glycerin mixtures;
- alcohol-water-glycerin mixtures, etc.
Read more about homemade extracts in the following articles!
Attention! Full or partial copying of article materials is permitted only if the source is indicated by placing an active link to the corresponding section of our website.
If you like our project and want to support its development, share the link to the article with your friends or readers on social networks. THANK YOU!
The article uses the following sources:
State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. Issue 2. Author M.D. Mashkovsky, E.A. Babayan, A.N. Oboimakova, V.M. Bulaev and others.
- Current news from Karelia. Press review. Materials from our readers.
Popular:
alt="Treatment of psoriasis with herbs How to cure psoriasis with herbs" style="width:200px; height:140px">
Лечение псориаза травами Как вылечить псориаз при помощи трав
... (685 просмотров)!} 
Most love beautiful plants. To see a healthy plant in your flower garden, you need to know the secrets of breeding. The capricious plant requires careful... (595 views) 
... (535 views) 
Everyone respects bright flowers. To grow in your flower garden rare plant It is important to observe the subtleties of breeding. The subtleties of caring for large classes... (430 views)
Other plants:
Violet flowers or Usambara violet
to grow in your greenhouse flowering plant you need to find the subtleties of the content. Everyone wants to grow beautiful plants. IN...
Euphorbia white-veined Photos of Euphorbia white-veined To grow a healthy plant on your windowsill, you need to find the secrets of breeding. Most people want to see...
Park roses In order to grow a healthy plant at home, it is important to apply the subtleties of breeding. Gardeners want to see unusual...
Legends of daisies Everyone loves beautiful flowers. In order to grow a flowering plant in your greenhouse, you need to know the subtleties of its contents. In this article we...
Decoctions and infusions are often prepared from plants, which must be used within a short time. In contrast, it retains the beneficial qualities of plant components for 2-3 years.
Despite the presence of alcohol, the tincture can be used in the treatment of children by diluting the drug with warm boiled water. You can prepare a tincture using plant materials during the period of highest concentration of healing ingredients.
Herbal tincture is also used not only as a medicine, but also to enhance the taste of alcoholic and other drinks.
How to make herbal tincture
The quality of the tincture has a significant alcohol strength. Low concentration alcohol increases the infusion time of the drug. Therefore, an alcohol strength of at least 40-60 degrees is considered optimal. Vodka is often used to prepare tincture. It is advisable to check its quality first by reading the certificate.
All plant components must be crushed so that alcohol can be “pulled” from the raw materials large quantity useful components.
The leaves, grass and flowers of the plant are crushed to 5 mm. Roots, stems and bark - up to approximately 3 mm; seeds and fruits of plants are best ground in a coffee grinder.
The tincture is prepared in a tightly closed container made of dark material. The required amount of raw material is placed in the container and filled with alcohol. The most commonly used volume ratio is 1:1 or the weight ratio is 1:5. That is, the weight of herbs should be 5 times less than the weight of alcohol.
Keep the tincture at room temperature in an unlit place for at least 7-10 days. It is recommended to shake the container periodically. The finished preparation is filtered and poured into small dark glass bottles with tight-fitting lids. The tincture can be stored in the refrigerator for several years.
Bottles should be provided with labels indicating the preparation time of the tincture and its composition. Apply the product in the form of drops, local lotions and rubbing.
For internal use, it is recommended to drink 10-30 drops of alcohol tincture. However, the dose of the drug depends on the disease and the composition of the drug. In any case, you should consult your doctor before taking the tincture. Any preparations prepared from plant materials have
An extract is a semi-finished product obtained by concentrating a substance.
Extracts are concentrated extracts from medicinal plant materials. There are liquid extracts, thick extracts - viscous masses with a moisture content of no more than 25%, dry extracts - loose masses with a moisture content of no more than 5 %.
To obtain extracts they are used various ways: maceration (infusion), percolation (displacement), repercolation, countercurrent and circulation extraction, etc.
To extract medicinal plant materials, water, ethyl alcohol of various concentrations and other extractants are used, sometimes with the addition of acids, alkalis, glycerin, chloroform, etc.
When producing liquid extracts, one or two volume parts of the extract are obtained from one weight part of medicinal plant raw materials.
The resulting extracts are left to stand for at least 2 days at a temperature not exceeding 10° C until a clear liquid is obtained and filtered.
Extracts for thick extracts are freed from ballast substances by precipitation with alcohol, the use of adsorbents, boiling and other methods, followed by filtration.
The purified extracts are concentrated by evaporation under vacuum to the proper consistency.
Dry extracts are obtained by drying thick extracts or directly from purified extracts using methods that ensure maximum preservation of active substances - spraying, lyophilization, sublimation, etc.
Extracts containing dry substances above the standards specified in private articles are diluted.
Extracts are stored in packaging that ensures the stability of the drug for the specified shelf life, and, if necessary, in a cool, dark place.
It is allowed to prepare solutions of thick extracts in a 1:1 ratio in a solvent consisting of 6 parts water, 3
parts glycerin and 1 part alcohol. Solutions of thick extracts are used in double quantities and stored for no more than 15 days.
Oil extracts from plant materials are obtained in two ways:
Direct extraction of raw materials with oil or preliminary extraction of raw materials with an organic solvent, followed by transfer of the extracted substances into oil.
The first method is to obtain oil extracts of St. John's wort, however, due to the high viscosity of the extractant, the diffusion process during oil extraction proceeds very slowly and the active substances are not completely extracted. The process is somewhat accelerated when using heated oil.
A high yield of active substances is observed when obtaining oil extracts using the second method. Using this method, henbane oil extract is obtained by macerating henbane leaves with 70° alcohol with the addition of a 1% ammonia solution. The resulting extract is mixed with sunflower oil, then the alcohol is distilled off under vacuum. The concentrate is diluted with oil to pharmacopoeial concentration.
In addition to extracts from medicinal plants, tinctures, infusions and decoctions are obtained, the production of which is also based on the extraction process.
Tinctures They are colored liquid alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic extracts from medicinal plant materials, obtained without heating or removing the extractant.
The degree of grinding of medicinal plant raw materials is indicated in private articles.
When making tinctures, 5 volume parts of the finished product are obtained from one part by weight of medicinal plant raw materials, and 10 parts from potent raw materials, unless otherwise indicated in private articles.
The resulting extracts are left to stand for at least 2 days. at a temperature not exceeding 10 ° C until a clear liquid is obtained and filtered.
Infusions and decoctions are aqueous extracts from different parts medicinal plant materials used for oral and external use. Various parts of medicinal plants (bark, roots and rhizomes, leaves, flowers, herbs, seeds, fruits and preparations from them) are used as starting materials for obtaining aqueous extracts.
In accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR X and XI editions, for the preparation of infusions and decoctions, plant parts are crushed: leathery leaves to particles no more than 3 mm, fruits and seeds - no more than 0.5 mm and prepared in different ways. The flowers are brewed in a porcelain bowl, poured with boiling water. The leaves are poured with boiling water and kept on fire for 3-5 minutes, or simply left for 15-20 minutes. The roots and stems are filled with water and brought to a boil over low heat and boiled for 10 minutes. All teas are infused for 15-20 minutes in enamel or porcelain containers.
The preparation of an aqueous extract from non-potent plant materials is prepared at the rate of 10 parts by weight of plant materials per 100 parts by volume of infusion or decoction.
Water infusions from adonis herb, lily of the valley herb, rhizomes with valerian roots are prepared for 1:30. Infusions and decoctions from groups of potent plant materials are prepared in a ratio of 1:400.
Syrups- concentrated aqueous solutions sucrose, which may contain medicinal substances, fruit food extracts.
Syrups are thick, transparent liquids that have a characteristic smell and taste, depending on their composition.
Syrups are prepared by dissolving sugar by heating it in water or in plant extracts. Medicinal syrups are also obtained by adding medicinal substances (tinctures, extracts) to sugar syrup.
The resulting syrups are filtered and poured into dry sterile vessels.
If necessary, preservatives (alcohol, nipagin, nipazole, sorbic acid) or other preservatives approved for medical use are added to the syrups.
Currently widely used extraction way extraction of biologically active substances from medicinal raw materials. Previously existing extraction methods such as percolation and maceration have reached their natural limit and do not provide the opportunity to increase the speed of processing of medicinal plant raw materials and increase the yield of the target product. Therefore, a search is underway for new methods and equipment to carry out the extraction process.
Thus, the dissolution of components of plant raw materials in alcohol in a rotary apparatus operating in the mode of pulsed excitation of cavitation was studied. Using a rotary apparatus in this mode intensifies the process of extracting extractive substances from plants (preparation time is reduced by more than 2 orders of magnitude). At the same time, alcohol losses are reduced; there is no need to heat the mixture. Overall simplified technology system obtaining alcoholic extracts from plants.
In the USA, a method has been proposed for quickly extracting valuable components from dried plant materials by extracting with water at a temperature of 40-60 C and creating ultrasonic vibrations in the mixture with a frequency in the range of 100-150 kHz. This method provides an extract with a high degree of transparency without loss of flavor and aromatic compounds and without components with an unpleasant bitter or astringent taste. At the same time, the extract is sterilized due to the action of ultrasonic waves.
To intensify the extraction process, a cavitation-rotation method is used for obtaining extracts from spicy-aromatic plant raw materials, based on the use of a cavitation generator, which makes it possible to increase the degree of dispersion of the raw material, while simultaneously carrying out accelerated extraction of dissolved substances from it. As a result, extracts were obtained that have significant biological value due to the increased content of phenolic compounds, amino acids, and minerals.
Thus, the most preferable method for processing plant raw materials is extraction.
