What is Antarctica for children? Antarctica

Eleonora Ryabkova

A cold fairy tale - a legend of Antarctica.

Target: Form ideas about geographical location, climate, animals of Antarctica, repeat the structural features of birds, conduct an experiment proving the adaptability of animals to their habitat. Foster a caring attitude towards nature. Expand and activate your vocabulary. Develop children's listening skills. The ability to know. Strengthen children's ability to sculpt penguins by passing them on characteristics: the shape of the body, head, based on ideas and previously acquired knowledge. Develop attention, logical thinking, cognitive interest, interest in the result of one’s activities.

Preliminary work:

Examination of illustrations depicting the cold zones of the planet.

Reading books about Antarctica.

Progress of the event:

Guys, today we will learn a lot of interesting things about the coldest place on earth.

I'll tell you a fairy tale-legend about Antarctica. We will conduct an experiment and make a collective craft.

Sit more comfortably and closer to each other to make it warmer.

Quiet winter music is playing. Winter night light included.

A fairy tale-legend. Antarctica.

Thousands of years ago there was a small wonderful island near Antarctica. Fragrant flowers bloomed on it, beautiful birds flew, and there was always a rainbow in the sky. And around the island in the ocean there were ice floes and icebergs. And then one day an ice floe was nailed to the island, and on it lay a barrel. There was someone inside the barrel. The barrel rolled and squeaked on the ice floe.

Educator: Guys, let's see what's there?

A game: development of fine motor skills “Find the object and guess it.”

Target. Develop tactile sensations, stimulate the development of sensory perception, activate active points. Massage of palms and fingertips.

Description of the game. In a keg with different types there is an egg hidden in the croup, and a penguin in the egg. Children find an egg and guess who is in the egg.

Educator: Guys, let's open the egg and see who's hiding there!

But first I’ll tell you some riddles.

1. I just came out of the egg, and I look like a chick.

What kind of bird is my mother?

Where can I find her?

I am neither a goose nor a peacock.

Guess it's me. (penguin).

2. Far in the very south,

Where there is only ice, frost and blizzards,

Without taking off the black tailcoat,

A fisherman jumps into the sea. (penguin).

Continuation…

Suddenly an egg rolled out of the barrel, and a baby penguin hatched from the egg.

This is how a small resident appeared on the island.

One day, such a blizzard hit the island that it swept everything on the island.

Breathing exercises:"Snowstorm".

Tasks: increase the volume of breathing, normalize its rhythm, develop a smooth, long, economical exhalation. Breathing exercises improve the activity of the respiratory muscles, enhance metabolic and recovery processes. Besides breathing exercises allow you to develop a strong air stream, which is necessary for correct speech.

Gymnastics descriptions: A mobile with snowflakes weighs. Children stand in a circle and blow on snowflakes.

Continuation….

This winter flew over Antarctica, checking its possessions. Flying over the ocean, she saw an island of unprecedented beauty, where flowers bloomed, birds sang, and there was the most beautiful rainbow. Winter was outraged that colored paints suddenly appeared on her white bedspread. She swept the entire island and took the rainbow.

Seeing that winter was taking away the rainbow, the little penguin flew after it. He tried to grab the rainbow with his beak, but he couldn’t do it. On the third try, he caught the tail of the rainbow, but then winter blew on him, and he flew down into the ocean.

And winter cast a spell: “May penguins lose the ability to fly and never be able to rise into the sky.” It will always be cold here and everything will be covered with snow.

The ocean is covered with ice

The waves do not rage in it.

It's from edge to edge

Like an icy desert -

Kingdom of cold and darkness

Kingdom of Mother Winter.

Fizminutka:

White-black penguins.

Visible from a distance on the ice floes.

Here they are walking together.

This is necessary for order.

Palms stuck out

And they jumped around a little.

Hands raised slightly up

And they ran to the mat.

Continuation….

But then a bird flew out of the snowdrift and, trembling from the cold, quietly uttered the magic words: “Let penguins not fly into the sky, but they will fly into the sea - fish, play in the water.” And so that the little penguin does not feel lonely, he will have many friends. They will not freeze, they will have a fur coat that will not get wet and will warm you even in the most severe frost. And instead of a stolen rainbow, they will be pleased with a colored curtain.

Educator: Guys, guess what kind of curtain this is?

Even in summer the snow doesn't melt,

The sun is not strong enough!

Rainbow colored sky

Dresses up sometimes!

What kind of miracle garment is this?

This is the northern lights.

Experience-experiment:"Warm coat for a penguin."

Target: stimulate children's interest in experimentation and independent understanding of ongoing processes. To cultivate children's cognitive interest in the phenomena and objects around us. Teach children to independently draw conclusions based on the results of the experiment, relying on previously acquired ideas and their own assumptions.

Description of the experimental experience: Dip cotton balls in oil and lower into water.

Continuation….

That's how it all turned out.

Antarctica has become the coldest place on earth, as winter has decided.

On the globe, Antarctica is indicated in white, the color of snow, ice, and cold. Now there are no flowers, and there are never warm days or rains. Only frosts crackle, snow falls, and blizzards blow.

Antarctica, Antarctica! You are cold even in appearance,

You lie on a colored globe like an icy spot.

But our little penguin remained there and made friends, as the bird promised.

Penguins play, fish and admire the northern lights.

So our fairy tale-legend has come to an end.

Let's try to make this magical island. Let's make penguins and put them there.

GCD. Modeling.

Target: introduce children to plasticine and its properties. To develop children's interest in modeling.

Tasks: consolidate children's knowledge about animals and birds of the Antarctic, about penguins.

Develop imagination, creativity, memory. Teach children to sculpt a penguin from four parts (head, body, two wings)

develop fine motor skills hands Cultivate hard work and perseverance.

Quiet music is playing, the guys are making penguins.

Conclusion:

We now know that penguins are birds, but they cannot fly. But they dive and swim well and don’t freeze. They live in the northern latitudes, where there is a magical curtain called the Northern Lights.

Publications on the topic:

Topic: “Snowman” Summary of educational activities for the middle group, taking into account the individual characteristics of preschoolers. Author-compiler: Narozhnaya O. A. ,.

Objectives: Expand children’s knowledge about the holiday “Mother’s Day”, train children in the ability to select sign words, and strengthen the ability to answer.

Summary of educational activities for familiarization with the outside world in the middle group “My Family” Summary of GCD for familiarization with the outside world in middle group

Many people quite often confuse Antarctica and the Arctic. Geography experts will say that the Arctic is in the north, and Antarctica is in the south. Fans of Natinal Geographic will add that there are polar bears in the Arctic, and penguins in Antarctica, and these animals never intersect.

But the most important thing is that Antarctica is a huge continent larger in area than Australia! But, besides basic knowledge, what do we know about him?

WuzzUp enlightens :)

1. Antarctica is the largest desert in the world.

2. The coldest place on Earth is a high ridge in Antarctica, where the temperature was recorded at -93.2 °C.

3. In some areas of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (the ice-free part of Antarctica) there has been no rain or snow for the last 2 million years.

4. Antarctica is the only continent without reptiles.

5. In Antarctica there is a waterfall with water as red as blood, which is explained by the presence of iron, which oxidizes upon contact with air.

6. There is only one ATM in the entire territory of Antarctica.

7. The Antarctic ice sheet contains about 80% of our planet’s fresh water reserves.

8. To go to work in Antarctica, every person needs to have their wisdom teeth and appendix removed.

9. There are no polar bears in Antarctica (they are only in the Arctic), but there are many penguins.

10. Antarctica is the only continent without a time zone.

11. Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, highest and driest continent on the planet.

12. Melting ice in Antarctica caused a slight change in gravity.

13. In Antarctica there is a Chilean town with a school, hospital, hotel, post office, Internet, TV and a network for mobile phones.

14. The Antarctic ice sheet has existed for at least 40 million years.

15. There are lakes in Antarctica that never freeze due to the heat emanating from the bowels of the Earth.

16. The highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica was 14.5 °C.

17. Since 1994, the use of sled dogs has been prohibited on the continent.

18. Mount Erebus in Antarctica is the southernmost active volcano on Earth.

19. Once upon a time (more than 40 million years ago) it was as hot in Antarctica as in California.

20. There are seven Christian churches on the continent.

21. Ants, whose colonies are distributed over almost the entire land surface of the planet, are absent from Antarctica (as well as from Iceland, Greenland and several remote islands).

22. The territory of Antarctica is larger than Australia by approximately 5.8 million square kilometers.

23. Most of Antarctica is covered with ice, approximately 1% of the land is free of ice cover.

24. In 1977, Argentina sent a pregnant woman to Antarctica so that the Argentine baby would become the first person born on this harsh continent.

25. In 2000, the largest iceberg with an area of ​​11,000 square kilometers broke off from Antarctica. More than Jamaica!

26. The average ice thickness is about 1.6 km.

27. Wind speeds in some places in Antarctica can reach 320 km/h.

Lately, when we manage to carve out a couple of hours from this very time, my daughter and I talk about Antarctica. It may seem to some that there is nothing to talk about other than snow and ice, but thanks to the “Journey Around the World” project, we have so many ideas that you can play for at least a whole month. On my own behalf, I add this Antarctic fairy tale:

Brave little penguin Ping

Far, far away, at the South Pole, where the continent of Antarctica is located, the little penguin Ping was born. His mom and dad, along with a flock of emperor penguins, sailed to Antarctica at the beginning of summer, which lasts six months here. Here the mother penguins laid eggs, which were hatched by the father penguins, and here Ping was born. Other penguin chicks also hatched from the eggs. Each pair of penguins gave birth to one baby, who was looked after alternately by dad and mom. The penguin neighbors also hatched an inquisitive baby, who was named Vin. From the very first days of their lives, Ping and Vin played together, grew up together, and went to the penguin nursery together. They began and could not live one without the other for even a few minutes.

In penguin nurseries, penguin chicks learned to walk correctly, slide down snowy mountains on their bellies, swim and fish. They also learned to escape from their enemies: skuas, leopard seals and killer whales.

Adult penguins warned little penguins that it was dangerous for them to go alone, especially to the sea. The penguin chicks were still poor swimmers, but any minute a killer whale or a leopard seal would appear. The chicks usually listened to the adults and went everywhere with the flock. But as happens with all children, sometimes they were naughty and did what they shouldn’t, forgetting about the warnings.

One day Vin said to her friend Ping:

- Let's go to! Let's sit on the shore and watch how the fish swim in the water.

- Went! – his friend agreed.

So, two little penguins, alone, without any adults, went on their first trip to the sea.

“Just look at the sky,” Ping Wing warned. If a skua suddenly appears, we will have to hide quickly.

“Okay,” his friend nodded.

The weather that day was absolutely perfect! The sun was shining like never before. The penguin chicks waddled to the seashore and settled down there, on the edge of the ice floe. The kids chatted happily and looked at the fish frolicking in the water. They, of course, really wanted to catch at least one, but they had not yet dared to swim without adults.

- Look how the ice sparkles in the sun! – Vin exclaimed.

“Beautiful...” said Ping.

And the ice, indeed, played and shimmered under sun rays. And, of course, it melted, as ice should do under the sun. Captivated by games and conversations, the penguins did not notice how a crack appeared on the ice floe. The crack grew larger and larger, until at some point a piece of the ice floe on which Vin was standing broke off. Ping saw his best friend being carried away into the open sea.

“Jump into the water and swim to the shore while the ice floe is still nearby,” he shouted to Vin.

“I can’t, I’m afraid,” answered the frightened little penguin.

Realizing that there was nowhere to wait for help, the brave little penguin Ping jumped into the water and swam after the ice floe on which he stood. best friend. When he caught up with it and climbed up, the ice floe was already quite far from the shore.

“We need to swim to the shore,” said Ping. - Jump into the water with me. I will help you.

Even though Vin was afraid, he understood that this was his only chance to escape. He needed to jump into the water. He approached the edge of the ice floe, already about to do this, when suddenly a terrible toothed mouth appeared right in front of him.

- Leopard seal! - he exclaimed.

The leopard seal is a terrible animal, very dangerous for such small penguins. It didn’t cost him anything to catch them on this small ice floe and eat them. Moreover, Vin could not move from fear. Ping, without hesitation, jumped up to the leopard and began to hit it with all his might with his beak. The predatory beast was taken aback. He did not at all expect such a meeting from the little penguin. The leopard seal turned its head to Pingu.

“Apparently, we’ll have to eat you first,” he said.

“Vin, Vin, swim away,” Ping whispered to his friend, but he did not know what to do. He couldn't leave Ping to be devoured by this beast.

It seemed that nothing could save the penguins, but suddenly a miracle happened. A powerful wave threw the leopard seal off the ice floe, and the penguins saw ahead of a huge blue whale, which was the cause of such a strong wave. A tall fountain came out of his back.

“It seems I made it in time,” said the whale. “It’s good that this beast didn’t manage to harm you.” Climb on my back, brave little ones. I'll take you home.

When the parents saw Ping and Vin alive and unharmed, they did not know what to do: either scold them or hug them. A little later, the leader of the pack made a speech.

- Ping, you are a real hero. You saved your friend. We are all proud of you! Now you are not just a little penguin, but a brave young penguin. I hope that what happened will serve as a good lesson for all young penguins. You should never be away from adult penguins alone. The strength of penguins is in the flock!

Ping was very happy that he and Vin managed to escape. Vin was proud of his friend and grateful to him for saving him. And Ping also got the biggest fish, which he, of course, shared with his best friend.

Antarctica is the first thing that comes to our minds if we see the earth completely covered with ice. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere and is the southernmost continent.

Antarctica was officially discovered in 1820 during a Russian round-the-world expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev.

Only 2% of the continent has land visible, the rest of the surface is covered with ice, which contains 70% of all the fresh water on the planet.

Antarctica is home to animals that have been able to adapt to cold climate conditions, mainly penguins and seals.

Algae, bacteria, fungi and some types of plants coexist next to them. The height of the ice cover covering Antarctica reaches 2040 meters, which is more than 2.5 times the average height of the surface of all other continents. Near the South Pole, the thickness of the ice cover reaches almost 4000 meters.

Icebergs

The largest, tallest and largest icebergs in the world were found in Antarctica. In addition, B-15, which is the largest iceberg in the world and is 295 km long and 37 km wide, was also found in Antarctica.

Conditions similar to Mars

It has been announced that Antarctica is similar to Mars in climatic conditions and many other factors. Here, just like on Mars, there is prolonged darkness, no natural resources, and some of the dry valleys of Antarctica resemble the landscapes of Mars. The conditions are so similar that scientists from the National Science Foundation and NASA are using Antarctica as a model for Mars, testing technologies and models of equipment that will soon be sent to Mars.

Only 2 seasons

Antarctica is considered the driest, coldest and windiest place on Earth. The lowest recorded temperature is -89.4 C, and the average temperature is -34.4 C. Antarctica is considered the largest desert as it is practically devoid of precipitation. In addition, there are only two seasons here - winter and summer. During the 6 summer months, the sun shines in Antarctica; the 6 winter months are spent in darkness. It is in winter that the size of the continent increases, and in summer it decreases.

Unique biodiversity

Antarctica is home to many other animals that can only be found here. So, he lives only on this continent. The most famous inhabitants of Antarctica are penguins, fur seals and seals - the largest population of these animals is located here. The emperor penguin is the only species that breeds in winter. Blue whales living in the waters of Antarctica are larger in size than blue whales living in other seas.

No economy

There is tourism in Antarctica, but it is only possible on the very edge of the continent. In addition, fishermen also catch fish only near the shores. There are several research stations based in Antarctica, but they are exclusively engaged in scientific activities. There is an "Antarctic dollar", but it has no legal force and, therefore, cannot be used as a monetary unit.

No governments

Antarctica is considered a zone free of any type of property. Many countries tried to establish their rights to this continent, but did not receive any recognition. Antarctica is a politically neutral land and can only be used for scientific purposes.

Human life

Antarctica is a continent without a population, due to the low temperature and severe climatic conditions not suitable for permanent residence. On the mainland you can only meet tourists and scientists. In 1978, the Argentine government sent seven families to the mainland to test the possibility of survival on this land. Emilio Marcos Palma is the first boy born on the very edge of the Antarctic Peninsula, and Solveig Jacobsen is the first girl born on the mainland. A Russian Orthodox Church was built on King George Island, near Bellingshausen station.

The best place for meteorites

Antarctica is the most best place for the study and research of meteorites. The first meteorite was discovered in 1912. Today, Antarctica is recognized as a natural gallery of various types of meteorites.

There is no standard time

It is impossible to establish standard time in Antarctica, so scientists living at the stations follow the clock rhythms of their country.

Global warming

Antarctica is facing serious impacts from global warming and ozone depletion. If the melting of the ice sheet continues at this rate, one day the water will flood the entire Earth. Global warming and ozone depletion are also causing the extinction of penguins and many other Antarctic species. Therefore, we must take measures that will help reduce the depletion of the ozone layer and prevent global warming.

Interesting facts about the continent of Antarctica - this is almost all the information about it. Almost two centuries have passed since the discovery of the sixth continent in 1820 by Russian navigators Bellingshausen and Lazarev. From year to year, something new becomes known about the icy continent, and most often it is so different from what is familiar to the average person that it immediately ends up on lists with the heading “Antarctica: Interesting Facts, finds, discoveries." The list below contains information about the sixth continent of a very different nature, which can show how unique the southern land is.

International agreements

We can start with the fact that Antarctica is the only continent on the planet that does not belong in whole or in part to any country. In 1959, a corresponding agreement was concluded, freezing any territorial claims for a long time. A war-free zone reserved for international scientific research- that's what Antarctica is. Interesting facts about its position on the world stage are also the existence of the sixth continent’s own flag against the backdrop of the lack of statehood and any institutions of power and citizenship.

Today, over forty year-round polar stations operate on the icy continent, five of which belong to Russia. Moreover, expeditions and research are often international in nature.

Antarctica: interesting facts about climate conditions

In the summer months, the number of polar explorers working on the sixth continent reaches 5 thousand. In winter it drops to 1,000. All researchers face harsh conditions. The temperature in the vast majority of the territory does not rise above -20 º. The South Pole of Cold is located in Antarctica in the area of ​​the Russian Vostok station. Here in 1983, a temperature of -89.2 ºС was recorded.

In addition to the extreme cold, in the vastness of the sixth continent, polar explorers are faced with the extraordinary dryness of air for which Antarctica is famous. Interesting facts are the relationship between the amount of water trapped in the continental ice cap (70% of the planet) and the low humidity in the atmosphere. Only 10 cm of precipitation falls here per year. The so-called McMurdo Dry Valleys have been discovered on the continent. They spread over an area of ​​8 thousand kilometers. The peculiarity of the valleys is that they are almost completely free of ice due to the very strong winds blowing here. Their speed, according to researchers, reaches 320 km/h. Some of the valleys have not had rainfall for two million years.

Reservoirs

Antarctica is a place of contrasts. Despite such dry air and low temperatures, in its vastness you can find rivers. The name of one of them is Onyx. It flows for only two summer months and then freezes. Onyx directs its waters to Lake Vanda, which is located in one of the dry valleys (and again the contrast!).

Lists with the title “10 interesting facts about Antarctica” often include reports of a subglacial reservoir discovered in the area of ​​Vostok station. This lake today attracts the attention of many scientists from a variety of fields of knowledge. However, this is a topic for a separate article. In addition to this reservoir, more than 140 subglacial lakes have been discovered on the territory of the sixth continent.

Antarctica: fish

The impact of climate, of course, is felt not only by polar explorers, but also by all living organisms that exist in these conditions. An example of an amazing adaptation to harsh climates is white-blooded fish. Their blood does not contain red blood cells and, accordingly, hemoglobin, so it does not have the characteristic red color. Oxygen absorption occurs according to a slightly different pattern than in the relatives of “ice” fish. Life-giving gas dissolves directly in the blood. There are other types of fish found on the sixth continent. They all have a substance in their blood that is similar in properties to car antifreeze: it prevents the liquid from freezing even at the most extreme temperatures.

And these are not all the wonders that Antarctica has in store for humans. Interesting facts for children often contain mention of another type of fish. A relative of the familiar cod, it has a unique ability to hibernate for a very long period. It can be in a state of suspended animation for up to six months, during the polar night.

Black and white cute guys

What can't Antarctica boast of? Interesting facts collected for children by teachers or parents also often include this point: there are no polar bears on the continent. It's too cold for them here. On the sixth continent, in general, there are no completely land animals.

The most popular representatives of Antarctic fauna are penguins. Only two species live directly on the mainland. These are the Adelie penguins and the famous emperor penguins. The latter are found only on the icy continent. They differ from their counterparts in their large size and “habit” of reproducing during the polar night.

Two more species (chinstrap and subantarctic penguins) nest only on the Antarctic Peninsula, a part of the continent that extends strongly into the ocean and is therefore characterized by milder climatic conditions.

Insects

Antarctica includes information not only about mammals and birds. Insects are also found here. There are no winged representatives of the class on the sixth continent: it is hardly possible to fly in conditions of such hurricane winds. The largest insects, and at the same time the land “inhabitants” of the continent, are considered to be the ringing mosquitoes Belgica antarctica (they feed on microorganisms and are indifferent to blood). These midges are found nowhere else on Earth. They live mainly on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Nakhodki

The fauna of the sixth continent has been interesting in all eras. Few people today do not know that Antarctica was once covered with forests. In those distant times, it was inhabited by dinosaurs. Findings confirming this have been repeatedly discovered in different areas of the continent. In the 90s of the last century, a group of American paleontologists found an almost complete one. After extracting and studying it, it turned out that the bones belonged to a predatory lizard, later called cryolophosaurus.

Similar skeletons have not been discovered in other parts of the world before. Presumably, Cryolophosaurus is the ancestor of a whole branch of lizards called tetanurs, the remains of which were found on different continents. Apparently, they settled across the planet from Antarctica.

Giant

Another major find was made on James Ross Island. The remains of a titanosaur were discovered there, which lived, according to scientists, 70 million years ago. This herbivorous lizard had a long tail and an equally impressive neck, as well as a massive body. The discovered bones probably belonged to an individual that reached thirty meters in length. This dinosaur lived not only in Antarctica; similar remains are found on all continents.

Meteor Rain

The bones of ancient lizards are not the only interesting finds discovered on the icy continent. Meteorites are found in large quantities here. In some areas, the ice layer is literally interspersed with space “aliens.” It should be noted that the frequency of meteorite falls on Antarctic territory does not differ from the average for the planet as a whole (1 meteorite per year per square kilometer). The striking number of finds is explained by other reasons. Dark meteorites are more visible in the snow. In addition, the low temperatures of the mainland contribute to their “preservation” and preservation in an almost unchanged form. The slow movement of glaciers towards the coast and their destruction leads to the accumulation of meteorite fragments in certain areas of the continent, calculated by researchers and regularly surveyed by them.

Antarctica also hides a lot of amazing finds. Interesting facts about the continent are regularly updated with new information after the return of expeditions. Already existing data can be arranged into a very long list. That’s why today Antarctica: interesting facts, photos of the landscape, data on research results, etc., attracts the attention of not only specialists, but also people whose occupations are not related to science.