What does "Goy!" mean? and “Hey you!” Who is Goy in Old Russian language Expression goy you
Listening to the song of the well-known pagan metal band “Arkona”, I perceive the exclamation “goy, Rode, goy” in two ways: both as an appeal “hear me”, and as something like “glory to Thee, Rode!” And I decided that it would be useful to study in more detail the origin of the exclamation “goy”.
Nowadays, most people know the word “goy” only in conjunction with “oh you, you goy, good fellow.” If with “you” everything is easy - “you are” (analogues in living Slavic languages - Polish jesteś, Serbian jesi), then “goy”, even in this frequent epic phrase, remains a mystery, perceived mainly as an interjection. Dahl defines it as “a defiant exclamation, an encouraging challenge.”
Let's try to figure it out using etymology. Etymological scientists, in attempts to interpret this mysterious “goy,” start from the word “outcast.” What it means is now known to everyone: one who is rejected by the social environment or has broken with it; one who, due to some qualities or properties, does not suit someone, does not correspond to anything (Efremova’s dictionary). In the same dictionary we find the first meaning of this word: “one who has left his previous social state” (in Ancient Rus'- a slave who bought his freedom, a bankrupt merchant, etc.). Vasmer's dictionary gives an even earlier meaning - “survived from the clan, not receiving care.”
The word "outcast" comes from the prefix verb "outcast" - to survive from the clan. The verb itself is derived from another - “goiti” (Old Russian “to live”), which goes back to the Proto-Slavic form *gojiti, which, in turn, is a morphological causative of the verb *ziti. Both verbs go back to the Indo-European root *gi- "to live".
To the ear, “goiti” and “zhiti” are different, but their relationship is visible through semantics. Here are some examples from historical dictionaries: goit - “to give life, arrange, shelter”, please, goit - “heal”, goit - “heal” (about a wound). The kinship of verbs is also confirmed by materials from living Slavic languages: Serbian “gojiti” - to fatten, Bulgarian “goya” with the same meaning, Polish “goić” - to treat, to heal. This verb developed from Indo-European to Old Church Slavonic as follows: *gi- “to live” → *goio “life” → slav. gojь → gojiti.
Based on this, it can be assumed that “goy” means “one of our own, a representative of the clan”, “a healthy, living person”. But in relation to the Gods, this is still a doxology and my second intuitive understanding of the line from the song is more correct. What do you think?
Etymological research prepared by Cheslava
Literature:
- Mullagalieva A.G. Notes on the etymology of words with the root *gi- (the words outcast and nut in Russian and other Slavic languages) / A.G. Mullagalieva // II International Baudouin Readings: Kazan Linguistic School: Traditions and Modernity (Kazan, December 11-13, 2003 .): Works and materials: In 2 vols. / General. ed. K.R. Galiullina, G.A. Nikolaeva. – Kazan: Kazan Publishing House. University, 2003.– T. 2.
- Vasmer M. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language: In 4 volumes: Transl. from German-M.: Azbuka-Terra, 1996.- T.1.
- Skok, Petar. Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika./ Jugoslavenska Akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. - Zagreb, 1971 – Knjiga 1.
We composed our song about you,
About your favorite guardsman
Yes, about a brave merchant, about Kalashnikov;
We put it together in the old fashion,
We sang it to the sound of the guslar
And they chanted and gave orders.
The Orthodox people enjoyed it,
And boyar Matvey Romodanovsky
He brought us a glass of foamy honey,
And his noblewoman is white-faced
She brought it to us on a silver platter.
The towel is new, sewn with silk.
They treated us for three days, three nights,
And they listened to everything - they couldn’t hear enough.
N the red sun is shining in the sky,
The blue clouds do not admire him:
Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown,
The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.
Behind him stand the guards,
Against him are all the boyars and princes,
On his sides are all the guardsmen;
And the king feasts to the glory of God,
For your pleasure and fun.
Russian State
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Smiling, the king then commanded
Sweet overseas wines
Strain into your gilded ladle
And present it to the guardsmen.
And everyone drank and praised the king.
Only one of them, from the guardsmen,
A daring fighter, a violent fellow,
I didn’t wet my mustache in the golden ladle;
He lowered his dark eyes into the ground,
He lowered his head onto his broad chest, -
And there was a strong thought in his chest.
Here the king frowned his black eyebrows
And he focused his keen eyes on him,
Like a hawk looked from the heights of heaven
To the young blue-winged dove, -
Yes, the young fighter did not look up.
So the king hit the ground with his stick,
And half a quarter of the oak floor
He struck with an iron tip, -
The young fighter didn’t flinch either.
So the king uttered a terrible word, -
And then the good fellow woke up.
“Hey you, our faithful servant, Kiribeevich,
Are you harboring an unholy thought?
Are you jealous of our glory?
Are you bored with honest service?
When the moon rises, the stars rejoice,
That it is brighter for them to walk in the sky;
And who hides in a cloud,
She falls headlong to the ground...
It’s indecent for you, Kiribeevich,
To abhor the royal joy; -
And you’re from the Skuratov family,
And you were raised by your family, Malyutina!..”
Kiribeevich answers this way:
Bowing to the terrible king at the waist:
“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!
Do not reproach an unworthy slave:
You can't pour wine over a roast heart,
The Black Duma must not be spoiled!
And I angered you - the royal will:
Order execution, beheading;
She weighs down the heroic shoulders
And she herself is leaning toward the damp earth.”
And Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich said to him:
“Why would you, young man, be fussing about?
Is your brocade caftan worn out?
Is the sable hat wrinkled?
Has your treasury been spent?
Or has the tempered saber become jagged?
Or did the poorly shod horse go lame?
Or knocked you down in a fist fight,
On the Moscow River, merchant’s son?”
Kiribeevich answers this way:
Shaking his curly head:
“That enchanted hand was not born
Neither in a boyar family, nor in a merchant family;
Argamak "my steppe walks merrily;
A sharp saber burns like glass;
And on a holiday, by your grace
We will dress up as well as anyone else.
How do I sit down and ride on a dashing horse?
Ride across the Moscow River,
I’ll pull myself up with a silk sash,
I’ll twist my velvet cap on its side,
Trimmed with black sable, -
They stand at the gates
Red girls and young women
And they admire, looking, whispering;
Only one does not look, does not admire,
The striped veil "closes...
In Holy Rus', our mother,
You can’t find, you can’t find such a beauty:
Walks smoothly - like a swan,
Looks sweet - like a darling,
Says a word - the nightingale sings,
Her rosy cheeks are burning,
Like the dawn in God's sky;
Brown, golden braids,
Braided in bright ribbons,
They run along the shoulders, wriggle,
They kiss white breasts.
She was born into a merchant family, -
Her nickname is Alena Dmitrevna.
As soon as I see her, I’m not myself:
Strong hands give up,
The lively eyes are darkened;
I'm bored, sad, Orthodox Tsar,
To wander around the world alone.
Light horses are sick of me,
The brocade outfits are disgusting,
And I don’t need a gold treasury:
With whom will I share my treasury now?
To whom will I show my daring?
To whom will I show off my outfit?
Let me go to the Volga steppes,
To live freely, like a Cossack.
I'll lay my wild little head there
And I will put the Busurman on the spear;
And they will share the evils of the Tatars
Good horse, sharp saber
And a saddle from Cherkassy.
The kite will peck out my tearful eyes,
The rain will wash my raw bones,
And without a funeral, miserable ashes
It will scatter in four directions!..”
And Ivan Vasilyevich said, laughing:
“Well, my faithful servant! I'm your misfortune
I will try to help your grief.
Here, take the ring, you are my yacht
Yes, take the pearl necklace.
First, bow to the clever matchmaker
And the precious gifts went
You to your Alena Dmitrevna:
If you fall in love, celebrate your wedding,
If you don’t fall in love, don’t be angry.”
Oh, you goy, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!
Your crafty servant has deceived you,
I didn't tell you the true truth,
I didn't tell you that the beauty
Married in the Church of God,
Married to a young merchant
According to our Christian law...
Hey guys, sing - just build the harps!
Hey guys, drink up - understand the matter!
Amuse the good boyar
And his white-faced noblewoman!
A young merchant sits behind the counter,
Stately fellow Stepan Paramonovich,
Nicknamed Kalashnikov;
Lays out silk goods,
With gentle speech he lures guests,
Gold and silver are counted.
Yes, it was a bad day for him:
Rich people walk past the bar,
No one looks into his shop.
Vespers were rung in the holy churches;
Behind the Kremlin a foggy dawn is burning;
Clouds are flying into the sky,
The blizzard drives them singing;
The wide living room was deserted.
Locked by Stepan Paramonovich
Your own bench with an oak door
Yes, a German lock with a spring;
Angry, toothy, grumpy dog
Tied to an iron chain,
And he went home thoughtfully
To the young housewife across the Moscow River.
And he comes to his high house,
And Stepan Paramonovich marvels:
His young wife does not meet him,
The oak table is not covered with a white tablecloth,
And the candle in front of the image barely glows.
And he calls out to the old worker:
“Tell me, tell me, Eremeevna,
Where did she go, she hid
At such a late hour, Alena Dmitrevna?
And what about my dear children -
Tea, we ran around, started playing,
GOY - from the ancient Aryan language was translated as “having light in itself”, “carrying light, radiant”, and therefore in fairy tales every good young man was asked the question when they met - are you a goy?
Goy (from the Indo-European root *gi “to live”; *goio “life”) is an Old Russian root with the meaning of life, life-giving force, best known as part of the epic formula “goy thou art,” which is typical for oral folk art and is found primarily in the texts of epics (“Oh you goy, good fellow!”). See also M. Yu. Lermontov: “Oh, goy you, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!”, A. K. Tolstoy: “Go you, my flowers, steppe flowers!”, Sergei Yesenin: “Go you, Rus' , my dear...", at "Arkona": "Goy, Rode, Goy!"
The Prophetic Goy is a strong man and the head of the clan. Prophetic means one who has known Vesta.
Goy - bringing light, radiant!
In Slavic languages, "goyny" means "abundant."
The word Goy in Dahl's dictionary
interjection defiant exclamation, encouraging challenge. Oh, you are a good fellow, in fairy tales Goyat, see go.
The word Goy in Efremova's dictionary
intl. people's poet
Used when greeting, addressing someone or something.
The word Goy in the dictionary of Vasmer Max
"be healthy!"
The word Goy in the dictionary of D.N. Ushakova
GOY, int., with the word “you” (see) or without it (obsolete folk-poet). Combined with places. 2nd person is used for exclamation, greeting, celebration. appeals. “Go, you, my homeland, go, you dense forest!” A.K. Tolstoy. You are a goy, a daring, good fellow. Folk song.
FUCK YOU FOREST, HONEST MASTER OF THE BIG! I ASK YOU WITH BREAD AND SALT, WITH A WHITE SHIRT, WITH A LOW BOW, NO MATTER WHATEVER I WALK - NEVER WALK IN THE MORNING DAWN, IN THE EVENING DAWN, IN THE RED SUN, IN THE CLEAR MONTH! I WOULD NEVER WALK IN THE FOREST, BUT WITH THE WORD OF VELES I WILL SAVE MYSELF! GO!
So why did this happen, and how did the Slavic word end up being avoided by the Jewish people? The fact is that the Slavs had the two largest contacts with the Jews. The first - during the Great Migration, when the Bulgarians and the tribe that later became the Poles encountered Jewish settlements in the Black Sea and Carpathian region, who went there in search of salvation from the Germanic peoples (in particular, the Goths) who had landed at that time on the coast of modern Germany and engaged in active colonization of these territories. The second - already in the era of princely Rus', during the war with the Khazar Kaganate. As is known, the Khazars themselves (Bulgars and other steppe people) were part of the caste of the “Black Khazars” and, simply put, were in the position of slaves in the state. The White Khazars and the Kagan himself were representatives of the Jewish people.
And it was during these skirmishes (which in both cases ended in the complete defeat of the Jews), that the Jews arose common name terrible enemies - goyim. The Slavs, who called each other goyim (at least, greeted each other with this word - we all know the formula “Oh, you are a goy,” - that is, “you are a goy”) naturally became for the Jews the personification of a destructive force that carries a terrible threat the very existence of the Jewish people (as we know, from the entire STATE of the Khazar Kaganate, only the circle of the wall of one city remained, and from their language - only one word “Sarkel” - “White City”). And it is natural that since then Jews have had incredible hatred for all goyim.
AND WHAT ARE THE KIKES TRYING TO INSPIRE US TODAY?
AND THE TERM GDLB means - GOYIAN FUCKING BARRYING LIGHT (of the Almighty)!
AND THESE ARE ESSENTIALLY INCOMPATIBLE CONCEPTS!
THUS, THE TERM GOYSKY DOLBOBER (GDLB) ITSELF IS ANOTHER Jew-throwing, WITH THE PURPOSE OF ANOTHER DISCREDITING EVERYTHING RUSSIAN, AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE ANCIENT RUSSIAN CONCEPT OF GOY AS SUCH.
EVERYONE WHO USES THE TERM GDLB IS NOT INTELLIGENT PEOPLE OR JUD TROLLERS ON SALARY.
WHEN THE WORD GOY APPEARED, THE KIKES WERE NOT IN THE PROJECT YET.
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Oh, you goy, good fellows,
The bodies are stately, the little heads are wild.
You are the only Russian hope,
Only you can have bright thoughts,
Bright thoughts, free thoughts.
Instead of walking around everywhere to no avail,
Tense up your wild little heads,
Harness your fiery horses,
Fiery metal horses.
Roll up the sleeves of your shirts,
And take up Russia - Mother Earth.
Build modern palaces,
The palaces are bright and tall,
Bring order to the officials
To honor Russian laws,
To preserve our common good,
Our common state
Revive our strong Army,
A strong and spiritual army,
Having preserved all the Russian decoration,
So that hawks are overseas guests,
They didn’t dare stick their nose into the outskirts,
So that there are no aggressive thoughts,
So that they can look and say:
Know the Spirit of the Russian people is strong,
Unbending and incomprehensible...
Keep Russia United,
Russia - mother, the country of light.
And the assistants, beautiful maidens,
They will embellish Russia so that it pleases the eye,
All people will rise after you,
All of Russia will rise up and become prettier...
In our section “Reading Russian classics...” we will answer the following question: what is GOY ESI, which occurs in M.Yu. Lermontov in "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov""?
First of all, I want to remind you of the beginning of this song:
Oh you goy you, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich!
We composed our song about you,
About your favorite guardsman,
Yes, about a brave merchant, about Kalashnikov;
We put it together in the old fashion,
We sang it to the sound of the guslar
And they chanted and gave orders.
The Orthodox people enjoyed it,
And boyar Matvey Romodanovsky
He brought us a glass of foamy honey,
And his noblewoman is white-faced
She brought it to us on a silver platter.
The towel is new, sewn with silk.
They treated us for three days, three nights
And they listened to everything - they couldn’t hear enough.
As we see, Lermontov writes his work, stylizing it as a historical song. It is known that in some works of oral folk art, namely in epics and historical songs, this opening is very often found: hey you! It is nothing more than an appeal and corresponds to the word Hello . For example, we find such an appeal in the spiritual verse "Forty Kalika with Kalika", which is also called epic. It tells about the KALIKI PRANISERS, ancient Russian pilgrims who came to bow to Prince Vladimir:
Prince Vladimer barely awakened,
I looked at the brave good fellows,
They bowed to him,
Grand Duke Vladimer,
They beg from him for alms,
And what can the fellows do to save their souls?
Prince Vladimer answers them kindly:
- Hey you are, walking chairs!..
In their meaning, these two words - GOY ESI- exactly match modern wordHELLO, HELLO, which we now use as a simple greeting, without putting into it the original meaning, namely, wishes for health.
Exactly the same greeting was in the Old Russian language and the expression GOY ESI, in which the word ESI - this is the 2nd person singular form of the verb, lost in Russian BE in the present tense. And the word GOY is a frozen form of another verb - GOIT, GOITI, what does it mean "live and live well
".
By the way, the words LIVE and GO are historically related, they have the same root. What may confuse a modern Russian person here is that these words sound different. Here is an example of the historical alternation of consonant sounds G and J. We find exactly the same alternation, for example, in the words - leg And leg,
city And pole, head And nodule. Let us note once again that the word GOY - this is the frozen form of the imperative mood of the verb GO
. Neither the verb itself nor this form of it have been preserved in Russian literary language. But it is found in other Slavic languages, as well as in many Russian folk dialects. So, for example, I had to write it down in Vologda dialects, or rather, in the village of Ferapontovo, although with a slightly different meaning: GO - means “to clean, to put something in order, to put things in order, to put away.”
And I would also like to say that this ancient greeting is found in many works of Russian literature of the 19th century. And it is used by our Russian writers not only as an address, but also as a call. We have already looked at an example from Songs about the merchant Kalashnikov Lermonatov. Here is an example from a poem A.V. Koltsova (Longing for freedom):
Goy you, pallet force,
I demand service from you!
We find another example in the work A.K. Tolstoy (Mother Truth):
Oh you goy you, truth mother,
You are great, indeed, you stand wide!
And here is an example from the Song of St. Razine A.S. Pushkin:
As the terrible Stenka Razin said:
Oh you goy you, Volga, dear mother!
From a foolish age you have delighted me.
And finally, let’s give another example - from a poem A.S. Khomyakova "Russian song", which is a stylization of a historical song. And it tells about the time of Prince Vladimir the Baptist, that is, about the 10th century. Here is the beginning of this song:
Goy Red is the land of Volodymyr!
There are many villages in you, big cities,
There are many Orthodox people in you!
You run into the blue mountains,
You are washed by the blue sea,
You are not afraid of the fierce enemy,
But you are afraid only of the wrath of God.
Goy Red is the land of Volodymyr!
My great-grandfathers served you,
They calmed us down with peace of mind,
Your cities have been decorated
They pushed back the fiercest enemy+
This "Russian Song" by Khomyakov to some extent, one might say, inspired by another work of the late 13th (or early 14th) century ( A word about the destruction of the Russian land), which tells about the wealth and beauty of our land:
O light-bright and adorned Russian land,
And then all her wealth is listed:
Numerous lakes and locally revered wells,
The mountains are steep, the hills are high, the oak groves are clean, the fields are marvelous,
Various animals, countless birds, great cities, wonderful villages,
Monastery gardens, church houses, formidable princes, honest boyars, many nobles+
Here is its Old Russian text:
O bright and beautifully decorated Russian land!
And surprised by many beauties if you:
Lakes is surprised by many if you,
Rivers and locally honest treasures,
Steep mountains, high hills,
Pure oak trees, wondrous fields, various beasts,
Countless birds, great cities,
The villages are wondrous, the grapes are habitable,
Church houses, and formidable princes,
The boyars are honest, there are many nobles.
Total if you The Russian land is exhausted, O true Christian faith!
So, today we talked about the origin of the ancient Russian greeting goy you
.
Originally it meant wishes for life and health
and exactly corresponds to our modern word
http://narodinfo.ru/articles/42048.html
* * *
Goy at the same time worthy and coming (from "ha" - road). Therefore, the Kalik’s appeal to Ilya Muromets has more than one meaning. Sydney, who had been imprisoned for 30 years, gave water to the Kalikams. What are they telling him? "Hey, you are a good fellow." In other words, “You are a worthy person (goy).” And the other meaning of "You can walk"
Goy:
Goy (from the Indo-European root *gi “to live” → *goio “life”) is an Old Russian root with the meaning of life, life-giving force, best known as part of the epic formula goy thou art.
Goy (Hebrew: גוי) is a designation for a non-Jew in Judaism.
“Goy” is translated from ancient Hebrew as “people” (plural “goyim”, “peoples”). In the Bible this term is never applied to one person. 620 times this word is used in the Bible in plural(goyim) and means many nations (eg Gen. 10:1). In the singular (goy) it occurs 136 times, and often refers to the Jewish people (goy gadol, Hebrew גוי גדול - “great people”; Joshua 3:17, etc.). Thus, out of 10 uses of the word “goy” in the Pentateuch, 5 refer to the Jewish people.
At a later time, the word “goy” began to be used in Hebrew literature as a synonym for the word “nokhri,” that is, “stranger.”
In Erzyan-Meryan, KOY IS THE LAW
ESI-ISTYAMO = Which
(Sometimes used to enhance the degree of quality, we get "TRUE")
Consequently, in the first case - “what are you” - What law are you?
In the case of goyim - goy gadol = Great LAW
Goyim - Legalists
Outcasts - Outlaws
What is GOY ESI? ================= How do you feel when people start talking to you in a language you don’t understand? Or I’ll pose the question even more intriguingly - the language is clear to you, with the exception of the address addressed to you. Surely this hurts even more than in the first case. As a rule, every nation has, to put it mildly, riddle words. In this article we will look at one of the most curious words of our time, the meaning of which is still not clear to everyone. And this is Goy.
In the texts of Russian epics and fairy tales there are often expressions with the words GOY ESI, for example: “Oh you goy you, good fellow! What kind of speech pattern was this previously used by our ancestors? Goy you are an ancient Slavic expression that has a greeting form. This expression can mean something like a wish for health when greeting. An almost identical replacement for this expression in our time is the exact same greeting word “Hello!” The expression Goy you are comes from the ancient Russian word “goy”, which means: life, health, vitality. By the way, the word “goy” is the same root as the well-known “fast” - to abstain, cleanse yourself and limit your intake of food. In Dahl's dictionary, goit is the old glory of “fasting, living, being healthy.” To the ear, “goiti” and “zhiti” are different, but their relationship is visible through semantics. Here are some examples from historical dictionaries: goit - “to give life, arrange, shelter”, please, zagoit - “to heal”, zagoit - “to heal” (about a wound). The kinship of verbs is also confirmed by materials from living Slavic languages: Serbian “goјiti” - fatten, Bulgarian “goya” with the same meaning, Polish “goić” - treat, heal. Associated with the root goy is the persistence in modern language the word outcast (obsolete). What it means is now known to everyone: one who is rejected by the social environment or has broken with it; one who, due to some qualities or properties, does not suit someone, does not correspond to anything (Efremova’s dictionary). In the same dictionary we find the first meaning of this word: “one who has emerged from his previous social state” (in Ancient Rus' - a slave who bought his freedom, a bankrupt merchant, etc.). Vasmer's dictionary gives an even earlier meaning - “survived from the clan, not receiving care.” And the word “esi” is nothing more than an obsolete “is”, “to be” or “be”, which is used as a linking word in a sentence. If we look at it from this side, then “goy thou art” means exactly the opposite meaning of “outcast,” that is, recognition of belonging to a clan or tribe. Some researchers go further. They believe that a goy is not only life and life-giving force, but also a life-giving force, or, simply put, a phallic image that relates directly to the masculine gender. Here is what the historian Boris Rybakov writes in the book “Paganism of the Ancient Slavs”: “In Slavic languages, “goyny” means “abundant”; “goiti” - “to live” (hence “outcast” - excluded from life). “Goilo” is translated as phallus, and therefore the expression of Russian epics “goy thou art, good fellow” means approximately: “vir in plenis rotentia”. The whole complex of words with the root “goy” is associated with the concepts of vitality, vitality and what is the expression and personification of this force.” To understand what the researcher of the ancient Slavs is hinting at, just look at the translation from Latin - literally it looks like “A man is fully capable "(i.e. a full-fledged man whose potency is all right, the man who can is “mighty”) It turns out that the expression “God thou art” is quite applicable to masculine Gods - as recognition of their life-creating active power (male by nature). Many people now, not knowing what this “saying” means, insert it into any texts that need to be given the appearance of ancient Slavic ones. This is where, perhaps, strange perverted appeals like “hey art thou art, fair maidens,” etc. appear. In pseudo-fairy-tale folklore this expression also penetrated - and children read fairy tales, where “God art thou” even among the swans, near the Earth and near the river. But! If we turn to the ancient epics, we will not find a single appeal “goy thou art” to someone of the feminine gender!
Based on the above, it can be assumed that “goy” has the meaning of “one of our own, a representative of the clan”, “healthy, living person”, “be alive!” or “be well!”, “you exist now and still be alive!” But in relation to the Gods, this is still a praise. What do you think?
