Arguments from the literature in the direction of “Goals and means. Essay on the topic: Goal and means
Approximate topics for the final essay 2017-2018 (list). Direction "Goals and means".
Is it possible to say that in war all means are good?
Does the end justify the means?
How do you understand the saying: “The game is not worth the candle”?
Why is it important to have a purpose in life?
What is the purpose for?
Do you agree with the statement: “A person who certainly wants something forces fate to give up”?
How do you understand the saying: “When the goal is achieved, the path is forgotten”?
Achieving what goal brings satisfaction?
Confirm or refute A. Einstein’s statement: “If you want to lead happy life, you should be attached to the goal, not to people or things"?
Is it possible to achieve a goal if the obstacles seem insurmountable?
What qualities should a person have to achieve great goals?
Is it true that Confucius said: “When it seems to you that a goal is unattainable, do not change the goal - change your plan of action”?
What does "great goal" mean?
Who or what helps a person achieve his goal in life?
How do you understand O. de Balzac’s statement: “To reach the goal, you must first of all go”?
Can a person live without a goal?
How do you understand the statement of E.A. According to “No transport will be favorable if you don’t know where to go”?
Is it possible to achieve a goal if everything is against you?
What does a lack of purpose in life lead to?
What's the difference between a true and a false target?
How is a dream different from a goal?
Why is aimless existence dangerous?
How do you understand M. Gandhi’s saying: “Find a goal, resources will be found.”
How to achieve the goal?
Do you agree with the statement: “He walks faster who walks alone”?
Can a person be judged by his goals?
Is it possible to justify great goals achieved through dishonest means?
How does society influence the formation of goals?
Do you agree with A. Einstein’s statement: “No goal is so high that it justifies unworthy means to achieve it”?
Are there unattainable goals?
How do you understand the words of J. Orwell: “I understand how; I do not understand why"?
Can a good goal serve as a cover for base plans?
Do you agree with A. Rand’s statement: “Only those in whom aspirations are extinguished are lost forever”?
In what life situations does achieving a goal not bring happiness?
What can a person who has lost his goal in life be capable of?
Does achieving a goal always make a person happy?
What is the purpose of human existence?
Should you set “unattainable” goals for yourself?
How do you understand the phrase “go over your head”?
What is the difference between a “momentary desire” and a “goal”?
How are a person's moral qualities related to the means he chooses to achieve his goals?
How do you understand L. da Vinci’s statement: “He who strives for the stars does not turn around”?
List of references for preparing for the final essay. "Goals and Means".
Jean-Baptiste Moliere "Tartuffe"
Jack London " "
William Thackeray "Vanity Fair"
Ayn Rand "Atlas Shrugged"
Theodore Dreiser "The Financier"
M. A. Bulgakov " And " , "Dog's heart"
I. Ilf, E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs”
V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains"
F. M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment", "The Brothers Karamazov", "Idiot"
A. R. Belyaev “The Head of Professor Dowell”
B. L. Vasiliev“And the dawns here are quiet”
Winston Groom "Forrest Gump"
A.S. Pushkin"Captain's daughter",
"Mozart and Salieri"
J. Tolkien "The Lord of the Rings"
O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray”
I. Goncharov« »
I.S. Turgenev"Fathers and Sons"
L.N. Tolstoy"War and Peace"
M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”
D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful”
A.P. Chekhov ""
R. Gallego “White on black”
O. de Balzac “Shagreen skin”
I.A. Bunin"Mr. from San Francisco"
N.V. Gogol
"Overcoat"
,
"Dead Souls"
M.Yu. Lermontov
"Hero of our time"
V.G. Korolenko “The Blind Musician”
E.I. Zamyatin "We"
V.P. Astafiev "Tsar Fish"
B. Polevoy “The Tale of a Real Man”
E. Schwartz
"The Dragon"
A. Azimov “Positronic Man”
A. De Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”
Every person sets small and big goals for himself in life. The older we become, the more clearly we imagine what we want to achieve in our professional and personal lives. But people choose different paths to achieve their goals. Some are honest and straightforward, others take roundabout paths, others step over people and do not hesitate to commit meanness. Which path is more difficult and which is easier? Of course, it is always more difficult to achieve your goal honestly and directly. But overcoming difficulties, a person only becomes stronger and stronger.
The question of goals and means of achieving them has always interested writers and is therefore reflected in many works. fiction. Let's look at some examples.
In A. Aleksin’s story “Mad Evdokia” the image of a teacher is created, class teacher. Evdokia Savelyevna sometimes seems ridiculous and funny, does not pay attention to how she is dressed. But she strives for one thing: for her students to grow good people, and for this you don’t have to be the most successful. When they wanted to organize an exhibition of the talented Olenka’s works at school, she suggested that other students also show their works. Mad Evdokia, as Olenka’s family called her, invited ordinary people of different professions to meetings with the children in order to show the children that in any business a person can become a master and be useful. We also learn about her that during the war, risking her life, she hid wounded soldiers in her house. By creating the image of this heroine of the story, the author wants to emphasize that the teacher’s goal is not just to give knowledge, but to educate his students so that they absorb the best and grow into worthy people.
B. Polevoy’s book “The Tale of a Real Man,” which is based on a true life story, teaches you to set important goals and strive to achieve them. The action takes place during the war. The main character is a pilot. His plane was shot down during an air battle, but Meresyev remained alive and even made it to the people. The doctors were unable to save his legs - his feet were amputated. Of course, there was everything: pain, despair. But then a goal appeared: to return to duty, take to the skies again and fight the enemy. Meresyev, overcoming the pain, learned to walk again, first on crutches, then prosthetics appeared. He began not only to walk, but also to dance. He achieved his return to the flight regiment, took to the skies, and then continued to fight for his homeland. By what means did the hero of the story achieve his goal? These means are physical education, training, learning to walk on prostheses. But that's not the main thing. Because Meresyev achieved everything thanks to perseverance, willpower, and the desire to return to duty again. B. Polevoy's story helped many people, taught them not to give up, to fight to live life to the fullest.
Reflecting on this topic helped me understand how important it is to achieve everything in life yourself, to move forward despite difficulties, not to give up, to set goals and strive to achieve them in an honest way.
Materials for preparing for the final essay in the direction of “GOALS AND MEANS” Prepared by teacher of Russian language and literature Libertsova V.V.
Municipal educational institution "Lyceum No. 1"
PETROZAVODSK
3. “GOALS AND MEANS” Concepts this direction are interconnected and allow you to think about a person’s life aspirations, the importance of meaningful goal-setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means of achieving it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions. In many literary works characters are presented who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to realize their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal only serves as a cover for true (base) plans. Such characters are contrasted with heroes for whom the means of achieving a high goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality. GOAL is...- In what meaning is it used in the name of the thematic direction?
- 1. A place where you need to hit when shooting or throwing. Get to the center (also translated: to say or do something exactly, right, exactly as it should). The planes arrived at the center. Air and Moving c. To hit her, miss the target (also translated: to act, speak exactly, correctly, exactly as it should or, on the contrary, not as it should, without benefit). 2. The object of aspiration, what is needed, it is desirable to implement. Him and - to study. Set something for yourself. purpose. Noble c. Get there. Had something entirely. C. justifies the means (aphorism). * For the purpose of what, preposition with gender. n - having a goal, a task of something, for something An experiment for testing purposes. For purposes of strength. 2. A device that creates overloads under the influence of centrifugal force (for testing equipment, training pilots, cosmonauts). || adj. centrifugal
- 2. The object of aspiration, what is needed, it is desirable to implement. Him and - to study. Set something for yourself. purpose. Noble c. Get there. Had something entirely. C. justifies the means (aphorism).
- Synonyms: meta, target; views, intention, end, dream, ideal, aspiration. The purpose of life, the subject of sweetest dreams.
- 1. Method, method of action to achieve something. Simple s. To achieve something by all means. All means are good for someone. (no one disdains anything to achieve his goals, success; disapproved). 2. A tool (object, set of devices) for carrying out something. activities. Means of transport. The means are protected. 3. Medicine, an item necessary for treatment, as well as a cosmetic item (in 2 values). Medicines. S. for cough. Dressings. Cosmetical tools. 4. pl. Money, loans. Working capital. Release the funds somehow. 5. pl. Capital, condition. Man of means. Living beyond your means (spending more than your income or wealth allows). * Means of production (special) - a set of means and objects of labor. Means of labor (special) - a set of tools, production premises, means of transporting goods and communications. Means of subsistence (sustenance) - income, as well as in general everything that provides the opportunity to live and exist. Be left without a livelihood.
What literary character does the diagram remind you of?
References 1 . L. N. Tolstoy. War and Peace. 2. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Cancer building. Matryonin's yard. 3. M.A. Sholokhov. The fate of man. Quiet Don. 4. M.Yu. Lermontov. Hero of our time. 5. A.S. Griboyedov. Woe from the mind. 6. A.S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. 7. I.S. Turgenev. Fathers and Sons. 8. I.A.Goncharov. Oblomov 9. F.M. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment.
- A.P. Chekhov. The Cherry Orchard. Ionych. Man in a case. Gooseberry. About love. 10. A.I.Kuprin. Garnet bracelet. Duel. 11. K. Vorobyov. German in felt boots. 12. V. Korolenko. "Wonderful." "Paradox".
- “Let no one deviate a single step from the honest path under the plausible pretext that it is justified by a noble goal. Any wonderful goal can be achieved by honest means. And if you can’t, then this goal is bad.” Charles Dickens
- Good is the eternal, highest goal of our life. No matter how we understand good, our life is nothing more than a desire for good. L.N. Tolstoy
- No goal is so high as to justify unworthy means to achieve it. Albert Einstein
- To reach your goal, you must first go. Honore de Balzac
- Actions are defined by their purposes; That is what is called a great deed whose purpose is great. A.P. Chekhov
- I'm starting a mess, so don't skimp on the butter. (Proverb)
- Man proposes, but God disposes. (Proverbs)
- Does the end always justify the means?
- Is it possible to live without setting any goals for yourself?
- Why is a person who has achieved a goal not always satisfied with his results?
- “Those marching in the same column are not necessarily heading towards the same goal” ( Wieslaw Trzaskalski)
- “If only a goal had been set, a chain of trial and error would itself lead to the desired result...” ( Haruki Murakami)
- Immersion in the thematic direction
- Collect literary and vocabulary material
- Design booklets
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- www.all-aforizmy.ru/aforizmy_219/
- http://gramota.ru/slovari/dic/?word=%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C+% D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B&all=x
- http://ozhegov.info/slovar/
- https://vk.com/away.php?to=http%3A%2F%2Fsochinenie11.ru%2F&cc_key=
The saying goes: “The end justifies the means.” Is it so? Is it really possible for a person to go ahead and ruin the destinies of other people to achieve his goal? In the repertoire of the DDT group there is a song about the revolution, which became a turning point in the fate of our state:
But, revolution, you taught us
Believe in the injustice of good.
How many worlds do we burn per hour?
In the name of your holy fire?
Indeed, how many people died during the period of collectivization, in the dungeons of the Stalinist Gulag! Everything was justified by a great goal: a happy future! Communism! And where is this goal now? How can one justify oneself before the innocently murdered sufferers who have become “camp dust”?!
There are many examples of such behavior in the domestic literature. In V. Kaverin’s novel “Two Captains,” Sanya Grigoriev’s main enemy, Mikhail Romashov, strives all his life to harm his classmate. He tries to slander Sanya in the eyes of Katya Tatarinova, hides letters sent to her, eavesdrops, informs, rummages through Sanya’s things to find incriminating evidence. And when during the war, after the shelling of the train, he abandons his former friend to the mercy of fate, he brings Katya the news of Sanya’s death, suggesting that it was simply impossible to survive in those conditions! He does all this in order to win Katya’s heart, as his idol, Nikolai Antonovich, once did, dooming his brother Ivan Lvovich to death, only to marry his wife. But Romashka fails to achieve her goal: Sanya Grigoriev survived, escaped and was able to prove Romashov’s crimes. Thus, the dirty means used by Mikhail Romashov did not help achieve the goal.
In the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Song.... About the Merchant Kalashnikov” tells the story of the conflict that arose between the oprichnik Kiribeevich and the merchant Kalashnikov. The oprichnik, wanting to achieve reciprocity from Alena Dmitrievna, the merchant’s wife, lies in wait for her and tries to seduce her. But the young woman breaks away from his hands and tells her husband everything. The merchant understands that the honor of not only his wife, but also his family is at stake, and calls Kiribeevich to a duel. He deliberately goes to his death because he understands that if he kills the beloved guardsman of the formidable king, he will not have mercy on him, so he will not tell the true reason for his action, so as not to disgrace either himself or his wife. The goal - to take revenge on the offender and protect the honor of the family - has been achieved. But at the cost of the life of the father of the family - Stepan Paramonovich - a man of honor.
The end does not always justify the means. If a person pursues selfish goals, strives to get rich, to take possession of what does not belong to him - this is not right. It should not be. I believe that everything should be in harmony, and if you have to make a sacrifice to achieve a goal, then it should only be your sacrifice, and not your neighbor.
Below we provide an example of a final essay for grade 11 on the topic “Goals and Means” with arguments from the literature. After reviewing the example below and the structure of writing the final essay, you will come to the exam with prepared theses and arguments on the topic!
“Does the end always justify the means?”
Introduction
Every active person with an active life position sets goals, the achievement of which forms the meaning of our existence. And the choice of means to implement our plans largely depends on us, which can be moral, humane, or, on the contrary, immoral.
Problem
There is a famous expression: “The end justifies the means.” But is this always the case, or are there cases when it is worth realistically assessing the possibilities and consequences of your actions?
Thesis No. 1
Sometimes, in order to achieve a goal, a person recklessly sacrifices his environment, often destroying the most harmless, naive and harmless.
Argumentation
In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" main character Rodion Raskolnikov decided to test whether he could step over moral standards and himself. He kills the old pawnbroker, her sister, who is carrying a child under her heart and who became an accidental witness to the murder.
Conclusion
Therefore, you cannot sacrifice not only your life, but also the well-being and comfort of someone in the name of your aspirations.
Thesis No. 2
For the sake of realizing his petty, unworthy goals, an offended person may choose too cruel means, without thinking about the consequences.
Argumentation
For example, Eugene Onegin from the novel by A.S. Pushkin's Onegin, succumbing to a stupid insult, took revenge to the best friend. Lensky invited him to Tatyana’s name day, to whom he had recently denied love. They were seated opposite each other, and Onegin experienced severe discomfort. For this, he began to flirt with Lensky's fiancee. This led to a duel and the death of Vladimir.
Conclusion
This example confirms that before you take any action, no matter how much you want something, no matter what you dream about, you need to think about the consequences. Otherwise, such games can destroy someone's life, lead to loss of self-esteem and, ultimately, to the destruction of one's own personality.
Thesis No. 3
It happens that a person sacrifices himself to achieve a goal.
Argumentation
Thus, in M. Gorky’s story “The Old Woman Izergil,” one of Danko’s heroes tore out his burning heart from his chest in order to illuminate the path for his people and lead them out of the dark forest. But his good intentions were not appreciated, someone simply crushed his heart with their foot.
Conclusion
In the name of good, we can do whatever we want, provided that it does not infringe on the interests of other people.
Conclusion (general conclusion)
All we have the right to do is sacrifice ourselves, our means, our well-being in the name of realizing our dreams. This way we won’t harm anyone but ourselves, but we will also, quite possibly, help others.
