08.03 construction of fixed assets. Name of non-current assets

Published: 02/09/2017 00:00 Fixed assets accounting account - “01” in accordance with PBU 6/01 and Methodological guidelines for accounting of fixed assets, but the asset is first accounted for in other accounting accounts - “08.03”, “08.04”, etc. Let's figure out which account needs to be specified when receiving an asset in one case or another.

“Ready” fixed asset

Example:

A fixed asset was purchased for a fee, for example, a ready-made cabinet. This fixed asset is immediately taken into account, since no additional actions are required.

In this case, the account “08.04” is used.

In the program "1C: Enterprise Accounting 8", ed. 3.0, the following documents are created:

« Receipt of equipment"(Section OS and intangible assets).

A header is filled in the document - date of receipt, supplier, contract, to which warehouse. Equipment" is selected from the directory " Nomenclature» « Closet", then quantity, cost and account. In our case – “08.04”.

« Acceptance of fixed assets for accounting».

In the document in the field " Type of operation" select " Equipment", then indicate the financially responsible person, the department in which this fixed asset will be located and used, in the field " OS event» is filled in « Acceptance for accounting with commissioning».

In the tabular part on the tab " Non-current asset» the method of receipt is indicated – « Purchase for a fee", in field " Equipment"The same nomenclature position is indicated as indicated in the document" Receipt of equipment", and in the account field - "08.04".

On the tab " Fixed assets

On the “Accounting and Tax Accounting” tab, data on accounting for fixed assets and accounting for depreciation are indicated (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1

Basic tool requiring assembly

Example.

A fixed asset (furniture) has been purchased that requires installation.

In this case, two accounts are used - “08.04” and “08.03”, since according to the rules, the fixed asset, which arrives in parts and requires additional assembly, in organizations that are not developers, is accounted for on account 08. To do this, in the 1C program: Accounting 8" there are two sub-accounts 08.04 " Acquisition of fixed assets“- parts (individual modules) of the fixed asset are accounted for in this account, then subaccount 08.03 is used to carry out the assembly.

In the program "1C: Accounting 8", ed. 3.0, the following documents are created:

« Receipt of equipment"(Section OS and intangible assets).

A header is filled in the document - date of receipt, supplier, contract, to which warehouse.

In the tabular part on the tab " Equipment» are selected from the directory « Nomenclature» those positions that make up this fixed asset, then quantity, cost and accounting account. In our case – “08.04”. If materials were purchased for the fixed asset being collected, they must be recorded on account “10”.

« Transfer of equipment for installation"(Section OS and intangible assets).

This document carries out the transfer of furniture components and additional assembly materials.

Fill in the header: in the field " Construction object" – the name of the furniture set. In field " Cost account" - "08.03", the cost item is filled in below. This article is an analysis of the account “08.03”, filling in this field is mandatory, so the results will be processed further based on this article.

In the tabular part, the item items from which the fixed asset was assembled are indicated, the quantity is indicated, in the “Account” field the account “08.04” and other accounts are indicated if additional materials were purchased.

« Acceptance of fixed assets for accounting».

In the document in the field " Type of operation» – « Construction objects».

In the tabular part on the tab " Non-current asset"The method of receipt is indicated in the field " Construction objects"This kit is indicated in the field " Account" - "08.03", after which you need to press the button " Calculate amount" After which the program will automatically fill in the total amount for this asset.

On the tab " Fixed assets» the newly created fixed asset object is indicated, it will be assigned a new inventory number automatically.

On the “Accounting and Tax Accounting” tab, data on fixed asset accounting and depreciation accounting are indicated.

fixed assets 1C

"Investing in" is possible until the organization has finally formed its initial value.

An organization has the right to claim VAT for deduction in the period in which all the conditions for its application, provided for in Art. 171 and art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Otherwise, the organization may have disputes with the tax authorities.

Rationale for the conclusion:

The accounting procedure for organizations of fixed assets is regulated by PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” (hereinafter referred to as PBU 6/01) and the Guidelines for the accounting of fixed assets, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 N 91n (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines) . In accordance with clause 4 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets,” an asset is accepted for accounting as fixed assets if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

The object is intended for use in the production of products, when performing work or providing services, for the management needs of the organization, or to be provided by the organization for a fee for temporary possession and use or for temporary use;

The object is intended to be used for a long time, i.e. a period exceeding 12 months or the normal operating cycle if it exceeds 12 months;

The organization does not intend the subsequent resale of this object;

The object is capable of bringing economic benefits (income) to the organization in the future.

If the property meets all the requirements provided for in paragraph 4 of PBU 6/01, then this circumstance is the basis for the organization to become obligated to pay property tax.

According to the Russian Ministry of Finance, expressed in letter No. 03-05-06-01/33 dated April 18, 2007, an object is accepted for accounting as a fixed asset and, accordingly, is included in the tax base for corporate property tax when this object is listed into a state suitable for use, that is, regardless of its commissioning.

Let us note that the commissioning of a fixed asset object assumes that the object does not require additional capital investments to bring it to a state suitable for operation and is completely ready for use for management needs or for the production of goods (works, services). The procedure for commissioning fixed assets is regulated by law only in relation to construction projects for which it is mandatory to obtain permission to commission the facility (Clause 1, Article 55 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation). In other cases, the organization independently makes a decision on the suitability of the facility for use and the timing of its commissioning.

Paragraphs 7 and 8 of PBU 6/01 determine that they are accepted for accounting at historical cost. It has been established that the actual costs of the organization for the acquisition of fixed assets for a fee are, in particular, the amounts paid for bringing the object into a condition suitable for use.

In accordance with the Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its application, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n (hereinafter referred to as the Chart of Accounts), the initial cost of property, which will subsequently be accepted for accounting as fixed assets, is formed on account 08 “Investments” into non-current assets." Transfer of costs to account 01 “Fixed Assets” can be carried out only after the initial cost of the specified fixed asset item has been finalized.

Accounting for an object that is suitable for use or in respect of which the organization does not take any action in order to bring it into a state suitable for use may be perceived by the tax authorities as an evasion of corporate property tax.

VAT deduction on purchased fixed assets

In accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 171 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the taxpayer has the right to reduce the total amount of tax by established tax deductions. The procedure for applying tax deductions is established in Art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Tax amounts are subject to deductions if three conditions are met:

Goods (work, services) must be accepted for accounting (clause 1 of Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), which must be confirmed by relevant documents;

Goods (work, services) must be used in activities subject to VAT or intended for resale (clause 2 of Article 171 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);

The taxpayer must receive an invoice from the supplier (clause 2 of article 169, clause 1 of article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Thus, the organization has the right to claim VAT for deduction in the period in which all the conditions provided for in Art. 171, art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 30, 2009 N 03-07-08/105). Applying the right to deduct in the next tax period (at the request of the taxpayer) will be problematic, since the question of claiming a VAT deduction in later tax periods does not find a clear answer in arbitration practice.

For example, in the decisions of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Ural District dated October 24, 2006 N F09-9487/06-С2, and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North Caucasus District dated September 11, 2008 N F08-5476/2008, the judges decided that the taxpayer does not have the right to transfer the deduction to the next period. Reflecting in a tax return for a certain amount of tax deductions relating to other tax periods is illegal. And, if the right in question was not used by the organization due to the lack of implementation in the specified tax period, it can subsequently be applied only by submitting an updated tax return to the tax authority. This opinion is consistent with the conclusions made in the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated October 18, 2005 N 4047/05.

At the same time, in the resolutions of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 31, 2006 N 10807/05, FAS Moscow District dated February 13, 2008 N KA-A41/260-08, dated June 10, 2008 N KA-A40/4902-08, dated January 17. 2008 N KA-A40/14126-07 the judges came to the conclusion that the provision of paragraph three of paragraph 1 of Art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation indicates only the right of the taxpayer to present for deduction in full amounts of value added tax after the taxpayer has accepted acquired values ​​for accounting and does not contain a prohibition on presenting for deduction of such amounts of VAT outside the tax period in which these values ​​were registered . In accordance with paragraph. 3 p. 1 art. 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation deductions of tax amounts presented by sellers to the taxpayer upon acquisition or paid upon import into the customs territory of the Russian Federation of fixed assets and (or) intangible assets specified in paragraph 2 and paragraph 4 of Art. 171 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, are carried out in full after registration of these fixed assets and (or) intangible assets.

At the same time, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not indicate in which account the fixed asset item should be accounted for.

However, according to the opinion of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, expressed in letters dated 09/21/2007 N 03-07-10/20 and dated 05/16/2006 N 03-02-07/1-122, the taxpayer has the right to submit VAT for deduction from the budget on fixed assets only after putting it into operation and accounting for it specifically as a fixed asset in account 01 “Fixed Assets” due to the fact that the specified account, in accordance with the Chart of Accounts, is used to summarize information on the availability and movement of the organization’s fixed assets in operation , in stock, on conservation, in lease, trust management. Moreover, according to clause 6 of PBU 6/01, the accounting unit of fixed assets is an inventory item. The courts take a different position on this issue, justifying it by the fact that since the law does not establish the procedure for reimbursement of the specified amounts of tax depending on the terms and definitions used in accounting, as well as depending on the reflection of the cost of acquired fixed assets in any specific accounts accounting, then the posting of fixed assets to the account “Investment in non-current assets” is acceptable for the purposes of attributing VAT to settlements with the budget (resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the West Siberian District dated 01.03.2007 N F04-981/2007(31939-A67-31), Ural District dated November 27, 2006 N F09-10513/06-C2). In connection with the above, we believe that if an organization decides to deduct VAT on a fixed asset at the time it is recorded in the account, the tax authorities, adhering to the position of the Russian Ministry of Finance, may deny the organization this deduction.

In addition, an attempt by an organization to present the amount of VAT on a fixed asset for deduction in a period other than the one in which it had all the grounds for its application may also lead to disputes with the tax authorities.

Prepared answer:
Expert of the Legal Consulting Service GARANT
Member of the Chamber of Tax Advisors Titova Elena

Checked the answer:
Reviewer of the Legal Consulting Service GARANT
Pimenov Vladimir

The material was prepared on the basis of individual written consultation provided as part of the Legal Consulting service. For detailed information about the service, contact your service manager.

Account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is intended to summarize information about the organization’s costs in objects that will subsequently be accepted for accounting as fixed assets, land plots and environmental management facilities, intangible assets, as well as about the organization’s costs for the formation of the main herd of productive and working livestock (except for poultry, fur-bearing animals, rabbits, bee families, service dogs, experimental animals, which are taken into account as part of funds in circulation).

Sub-accounts can be opened for account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”:

08-1 “Acquisition of land”;

08-2 “Acquisition of natural resources”;

08-3 “Construction of fixed assets”;

08-4 “Acquisition of individual fixed assets”;

08-5 “Acquisition of intangible assets”;

08-6 “Transfer of young animals to the main herd”;

08-7 “Acquisition of adult animals”;

08-8 “Performing research, development and technological work”, etc.

Subaccount 08-1 “Acquisition of land plots” takes into account the costs of the organization’s acquisition of land plots.

Subaccount 08-2 “Purchase of environmental management facilities” takes into account the costs of the organization’s acquisition of environmental management facilities.

Subaccount 08-3 “Construction of fixed assets” takes into account the costs of construction of buildings and structures, installation of equipment, the cost of equipment transferred for installation and other expenses provided for in estimates, financial estimates and title lists for capital construction (regardless of whether it is carried out This is construction by contract or economic method).

Subaccount 08-4 “Purchase of individual fixed assets” takes into account the costs of purchasing equipment, machinery, tools, inventory and other fixed assets that do not require installation.

Subaccount 08-5 “Acquisition of intangible assets” takes into account the costs of acquiring intangible assets.

The debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” reflects the actual costs of the developer, included in the initial cost of fixed assets, intangible assets and other relevant assets.

The generated initial cost of fixed assets, intangible assets, etc., accepted for operation and registered in the prescribed manner, is written off from account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” to the debit of the accounts “Fixed Assets”, “Profitable Investments in Tangible Assets”, “Intangible assets”, etc.

Subaccount 08-6 “Transfer of young animals to the main herd” takes into account the costs of raising productive and working livestock transferred to the main herd in the organization.

Subaccount 08-7 “Purchase of adult animals” takes into account the cost of adult and working livestock purchased for the main herd or received free of charge, including the costs of its delivery.

Young animals transferred to the main herd are valued at actual cost. Young animals of all types of productive and working livestock transferred to the main herd are written off during the year from account 11 “Animals for growing and fattening” to the debit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” at the cost recorded at the beginning of the reporting year, with the addition of the planned cost weight gain or growth for the period from the beginning of the reporting year until the transfer of animals to the main herd. When transferring young animals to the main herd, account 01 “Fixed assets” is debited and account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is credited. At the end of the reporting year, after drawing up the reporting calculation, the difference between the indicated cost of young livestock transferred during the reporting year and its actual cost is written off additionally or reversed from account 11 “Animals for growing and fattening” to account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” while simultaneously clarifying the assessment livestock on account 01 “Fixed assets”.

Purchased adult animals are debited to account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” at the actual cost of their acquisition, including delivery costs. Adult animals received free of charge are accepted for accounting at market value, to which the actual costs of delivering them to the organization are added.

Subaccount 08-8 “Performance of research, development and technological work” takes into account expenses associated with the implementation of research, development and technological work.

Expenses for research, development and technological work, the results of which are subject to use in the production of products (performance of work, provision of services) or for the management needs of the organization, are written off from the credit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” to the debit of account 04 “Intangible assets".

Expenses for research, development and technological work, the results of which are not subject to use in the production of products (performance of work, provision of services), or for management needs, or for which positive results are not obtained, are written off from the credit of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets" to the debit of account 91 "Other income and expenses".

Costs for completed operations of forming the main herd are written off from account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” to the debit of account 01 “Fixed assets”.

The balance of account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” reflects the amount of the organization’s investments in construction in progress, unfinished transactions for the acquisition of fixed assets, intangible and other non-current assets, as well as the formation of the main herd.

When selling, transferring free of charge and other investments accounted for in account 08 “Investments in non-current assets”, their value is written off to the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”.

Analytical accounting for account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” is carried out:

• for costs associated with the construction and acquisition of fixed assets - for each fixed asset object being built or acquired. At the same time, the construction of analytical accounting should provide the ability to obtain data on the costs of: construction work and reconstruction; drilling operations; installation of equipment; equipment requiring installation; equipment that does not require installation, as well as for tools and equipment provided for in capital construction estimates;
• design and survey work;
• other capital investment costs;
• for costs associated with the acquisition of intangible assets - for each acquired object;
• by costs associated with the formation of the main herd - by type of animal (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, etc.);
• for expenses related to the implementation of research, development and technological work - by type of work, contracts (orders).

08 accounting account has special meaning. Using this account, enterprises keep track of costs for fixed assets, intangible assets and profitable investments in tangible assets. Let's look at the nuances of accounting for the 08th account in more detail.

General accounting rules for account 08

The main documents that an accountant needs to follow when working with the 08th account:

• Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n “On approval of the Chart of Accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its application” (hereinafter referred to as Order No. 94n);
• “Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n (hereinafter referred to as Instruction 94n);
• PBU 6/01;
• PBU 17/02.

08 accounting account is intended to accumulate data on enterprise investments in tangible and intangible non-current assets, which in the future can be recorded in accounts 01, 03, 04 as fixed assets, intangible assets or profitable investments, respectively. Today, order No. 94n established eight subaccounts to account 08.

IMPORTANT! In the working chart of accounts, an enterprise can clarify the contents of the list of second-order accounts (sub-accounts), excluding or merging them. If necessary, additional subaccounts can be introduced if this is required by the specifics of the activity or such introduction is dictated by the need to deepen its control and analysis. In this regard, the register of subaccounts for account 08 in the standard chart of accounts is advisory and methodological in nature. It is this circumstance that explains the need to approve a working chart of accounts for the enterprise (clause 5 of PBU 1/98).

According to Order No. 94n, subaccounts 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 to account 08 are intended to account for investments in finished non-current assets. Account 08-1 is intended for synthesizing data on capital investments of an enterprise for the acquisition of land plots. Investments in environmental management facilities are accounted for in subaccount 08-2. The 4th subaccount takes into account the costs of purchasing individual OS objects that do not require installation. The 5th subaccount accumulates data on investments in intangible assets; in this case, these objects must also be completed. Subaccount 7 synthesizes the costs of purchasing adult animals.

Subaccount 3 is intended to accumulate information on the construction of environmental facilities, and subaccount 6 takes into account the costs of raising young animals before transferring them to the main herd. The 8th subaccount takes into account expenses associated with research, design work, and the development of new technological and management processes.

Analytical accounting for accounts 08-1, 08-2, 08-3, 08-4, 08-5 is maintained for each fixed asset (purchased or constructed). According to accounts 08-6 and 08-7 - for each species (group) of animals. According to account 08-8 - for each type of work (service) or R&D.

You can clarify the procedure for reflecting the balance of account 08 in the balance sheet in the material.

Intangible assets and 08th account

Intangible assets (IMA) are assets that have a certain value, are capable of generating income for an enterprise, but do not have a clear tangible form. The rules for accounting for intangible assets are established by PBU 14/2000. PBU 17/2 establishes the rules for accounting for expenses on research, experimental, design and technological developments.

On the 08th account there are two sub-accounts in which information about intangible assets is accumulated. These are subaccounts 08-5 “Purchase of intangible assets” and 08-8 “Performance of research, development and technological work.”

Moreover, if the results of scientific research, experiments, design documentation and developed technologies find their application in the production process of products (works, services) or in the management activities of the enterprise, then the costs of their implementation upon completion of the work are written off from credit 08-8 to debit 04 -th account “Intangible assets”.

If, as a result of research, experiments, design developments or testing of technologies, positive results are not obtained, or if these results are not implemented in the production of products (works, services) or do not influence management processes in the organization, then such expenses are written off from credit 08-8 in debit 91 “Other income and expenses”.

Subaccount 08-5 “Acquisition of intangible assets” relates to those intangible assets that are acquired in several stages and have associated costs. All these expenses until the completion of the process of obtaining rights to intangible assets are collected in subaccount 08-5. Upon completion of the acquisition process, upon receipt of documents confirming the rights to own intangible assets or the right to use them, expenses from credit 08-5 are written off to the debit of account 04.

The question often arises: is intangible design documentation for the construction of fixed assets? For an organization that develops design documentation, these intellectual property objects are intangible assets and the costs of their creation are collected in subaccount 08-8, if such an asset does not have the characteristics of a “good” for such an organization and is not intended for sale/resale.

For organizations that receive this documentation as a result of contractual relations, and along with it the rights to use it and transfer it to third parties, such documentation should also be part of the intangible assets. But if the contract for the creation of design documentation does not indicate that, along with the documents, the rights to dispose of this intellectual property are transferred from the contractor to the customer, then the costs of creating the project and developing design documentation must be attributed to the costs of creating (constructing) that object The OS for which such documentation was created.

Nuances of accounting for the costs of construction of fixed assets

The construction of fixed assets begins with planning and design. Projects for buildings, structures, and technical objects, as we have already found out, can be either an intangible asset (and then the costs of design estimates are taken into account in subaccount 08-5) and part of the costs of creating a fixed asset.

The process of constructing an OS can be carried out by involving contractors or carried out by a special division of the enterprise. In the first case, contracts are concluded with contractors, and they are responsible for ensuring that the object in its finished form must comply with the project. In the second, the document flow process is regulated by the internal rules of the enterprise. In both cases, expenses are accumulated in subaccount 08-3.

Even if the OS is constructed by contractors, it can be made from customer materials. Accounting for materials used in construction is a labor-intensive process. Write-off of materials for construction is carried out on the basis of primary documents. Here it is necessary to recommend the development and use of such primary documents that will help carry out the process of monitoring the use of materials within the framework of estimate calculations. An example of such a primary document is a limit-fence card.

We recommend that you learn more about the procedure for warehouse accounting and the release of materials from the warehouse, as well as about the forms of warehouse documents from the following materials:

The enterprise has the right to develop its own form of the primary document, convenient for monitoring and analyzing the construction process.

Initially, expenses for the purchase of materials for construction are reflected in the debit of the 10th account. As required, within the framework of standards, materials are delivered to the construction site. The accounting department writes them off for construction by correspondence Dt 08.3 Kt 10. Thus, material costs for the construction of a specific object are accumulated in the debit of subaccount 08.3 until the OS object is put into operation. The commissioning of an OS facility upon completion of construction is reflected by posting Dt 01 Kt 08.3.

Nuances of accounting for investments in non-current assets in agriculture

For agricultural enterprises or organizations with livestock divisions, two special sub-accounts are allocated on account 08:

• 08-6 “Transfer of young animals to the main herd”;
• 08-7 “Acquisition of adult animals.”

The acquisition of mature animals, as a rule, does not cause any problems in accounting. The formation of the actual cost of purchasing an adult animal is carried out by synthesizing the cost of acquiring the asset itself, the costs of its delivery, the examination or evaluation, and other expenses associated with the fact of purchasing the animal. After putting the animal into operation, its value is transferred from account 08 to account 01 using standard posting.

The moment the animal is put into service can be the date:

• its entry into the main herd (including breeding);
• its receipt in the unit where its further maintenance is planned (zoos, laboratories, departments of service dog breeding).

If an animal is received by an enterprise free of charge, then its acceptance is based on the market value of animals with similar characteristics (breed, age, constitution, color). Then the initial cost of such an asset is equal to the market value of the asset, increased by the costs of its delivery, examination, etc.

A large number of questions arise in accounting for the costs of raising young animals. In the chart of accounts there is account 11 “Animals for growing and fattening”. Accountants often ask the question, why do we need subaccount 08-6?

Firstly, instruction 94n does not imply direct wiring of Dt 01 Kt 11.

Secondly, through account 08.6 the planned cost of young animals transferred to the main herd is written off from the cost of all animals being fattened and raised.

If an organization transfers young animals to the main herd, typical postings look like this:

Dt 08.6 Kt 11 - write-off of the cost of young animals;

Dt 01 Kt 08.6 - increase in the cost of animals in the main herd due to the arrival of young animals.

During the year, young animals can be transferred to the herd several times. Its transfer is carried out at the planned cost. At the end of the year, the farm is obliged to adjust the planned cost of the transferred young animals to the actual one. In this case, the reversal or increase in amounts is carried out similarly to the transactions shown above.

Results

Account 08 in accounting is used to synthesize information about the cost of fixed assets purchased (or produced independently) by an enterprise, intangible assets and profitable investments in tangible assets. The nuances of accounting for such investments are regulated by accounting legislation - PBU 6/01, PBU 17/02 and the chart of accounts.

Non-current assets are the main property of the enterprise, which will subsequently be distributed to other accounts. Here all data is collected not only on the cost of fixed assets and intangible assets, but also the costs of their acquisition. Account 08 08 is intended just for such purposes. Let us consider in detail its characteristics and significance in the accounting system

Composition of non-current assets

The property rights of this group also include intangible assets that are planned to be used by the enterprise for more than a year. It consists of:

• OS owned by the enterprise and involved in the production process. At the same time, over a long period of time, the property does not lose its natural and material form.
• Investments of a long-term nature and in the form of capital.
• Any forms of intangible assets.
• Other noncurrent assets.

The property of an enterprise belonging to this category of funds occupies a leading place in the activities of the enterprise, especially in production cycles. During the period of its use, the cost is gradually transferred to the finished product in the form of depreciation charges.

There are active and passive parts of non-current assets. The first category includes the most mobile and dynamic means. For example, industrial equipment, company vehicles. The second group includes real estate objects: structures and buildings that create the initial conditions for the work of enterprise employees.

Account 08 08 and its purpose

We have sorted out the concept of non-current assets, but it remains unclear: why do we need a separate account for them if 01 and 04 have already been created? To understand the essence of the issue, let us recall the rules for accepting fixed assets and intangible assets for accounting.

According to the requirements of PBU, the accountant must reflect fixed assets and intangible assets on the account at their original cost, which includes all the actual costs of their acquisition. It often happens that information about all amounts is not received immediately. This is where the need arises to open accounting account 08, which will collect data on items of expenses for the acquisition of property. As soon as the accounting department has taken into account all the amounts and the property is ready for commissioning, the information can be written off to the main account 01 or 04.

Account structure

08 accounting account is active, because information about the company’s funds is collected on it. All related costs for the acquisition of property are reflected in a debit. When written off, the amounts are shown in the account credit. At the end of the reporting month, a debit balance may appear. As a rule, these are the amounts of expenses for facilities and fixed assets that were not put into operation. If there is no balance, the account is closed.

The debit balance, if any, should be reflected in the financial statements. Account 08 in the balance sheet is included in line 1190, which characterizes the amount of other non-current assets.

Analytical accounting

To combine expenses of a similar nature into groups and systematize accounting, first-level subaccounts are additionally opened, which reflect information about the costs of:

• 08.1 - acquisition of land plots;
• 08.2 - purchase of environmental management facilities;
• 08.3 - construction of OS facilities;
• 08.4 - purchase of individual OS by category;
• 08.5 - acquisition of intangible assets;
• 08.6 - transfer of livestock from one herd to another;
• 08.7 - purchase of adult livestock;
• 08.8 - carrying out scientific research, conducting experiments, the results of which will be used in the future at the enterprise.

If necessary, other analytical accounts of a similar nature may be opened.

Receipt of non-current assets

Most often, a company acquires property through a purchase and sale agreement. In this case, the algorithm for registering it is clear: you need to collect all expenses on account 08, and then write them off during commissioning to the main accounts. But there are other ways in which assets are transferred to the ownership of a business. This is mainly the result of barter or a contribution to the initial capital; gratuitous receipts are not uncommon.

For each method of obtaining property, a method for registering 08 accounts and a method for calculating the initial cost are determined. When making an act of donation, a corresponding agreement is drawn up, which indicates the market value of the transferred objects. This will be the amount that should be reflected by posting Dt 08 Kt 98 “Gratuitous receipts”.

Contribution to capital and transfer of goods for the needs of the enterprise

If one of the founders of an enterprise makes a contribution in the form of fixed assets or intangible assets, they should be registered based on the following rules:

1. The assessment of incoming assets should be carried out in agreement with the participants of the PA or JSC. In this case, the value of the property should not exceed the market value.
2. After determining the amount of the initial cost, carry out account assignment Dt 08 Kt 75.

Thus, fixed assets from the founders were accepted for accounting in account 08. The information will be kept in debit until the property is put into operation.

Goods or finished products transferred within the enterprise to fulfill its needs are accounted for at their actual cost, the amount of which can be found in accounts 41 or 43. The posting looks like this: Dt 08 Kt 43 (41).

Barter agreement

The registration of property received after barter differs depending on the conditions of its implementation. Thus, if both parties recognize the objects of exchange as equivalent, then they do not undertake any additional obligations. No additional payment is required, but what amount should be entered into the account on 08/08 when the asset is received? In this case, the initial price is the market value of the property being disposed of for exchange. If it is impossible to determine it, use the indicator of the possible purchase price of the incoming property.

After agreeing on the terms of a barter transaction between enterprises, the acquired assets cannot yet be considered their property. The right to ownership passes after the fulfillment of obligations by each of the counterparties. Until this moment, the amounts are registered in off-balance sheet account 002. After all points of the agreement are fulfilled and property rights are received, the accountant writes off the amounts in Kt 002.

Further registration of the receipt is carried out according to the usual procedure for receiving fixed assets or intangible assets:

1. Dt 08 Kt 60 - the amount of incoming fixed assets is taken into account (amount excluding VAT).
2. Dt 19 Kt 60 - VAT on acquired property is reflected.
3. Dt 01 Kt 08 - the object was put into operation and accepted for accounting.

Account 08 08: typical transactions

Having studied the features of determining the initial value of assets and registering them, we will consider the main account assignments:

Typical transactions for account 08

Dt	CT	Characteristics of a business transaction
08.1	10	The costs of materials for the acquisition of a plot of land are taken into account
08.4	75.1	Intangible assets were accepted from the founders as a contribution to the initial capital
08	02	Accrued depreciation amounts for fixed assets
08.3	10	Materials used in construction were written off as the cost of fixed assets
08.6	11	Young cattle were transferred to an adult herd
08.8	70	The costs of developing innovations include the salaries of researchers
08.8	08.3	Equipment transferred for conservation
08	19	The costs of purchasing fixed assets include VAT paid on it and not reimbursed by the state
08	60	Invoices from suppliers for purchased property are accepted for payment
08	66	Interest accrued for the use of short-term loans for the purchase of fixed assets and intangible assets is taken into account
08	69	Insurance payments have been accrued to employees involved in the creation of intangible assets
08	80	Assets received as a contribution to joint activities
08	98.2	Assets received free of charge were registered at market value
08	86	Property received as an investment

08 accounting account for the loan reflects the amount of write-off of property when:

• putting it into operation;
• losses as a result of an emergency;
• shortages identified after inventory;
• sale or partial liquidation.

Indicators of non-current assets mainly characterize the activities of the enterprise. The further organization of accounting for fixed assets and intangible assets depends on the accuracy of the calculation of the initial cost of property. Account 08 was created to collect the necessary information about incoming assets in order to reflect as fully as possible all types of expenses for their acquisition.